276 QUANTUM CAT

CHAPTER 05

P er centages
It is one of the most important chapters which is the backbone of calculations either involved
in commercial arithmetic or in real life. Personally I do maximum arithmetical calculation
using percentage and others too. So in the context of calculation it is necessary to know the
clear concepts of percentage which plays a very vital role in Data Interpretation besides
Quantitative Aptitude section. On an average two problems i.e., nearly 4-5 % problems in
QA only, are being asked in CAT every year. In other entrance/competitive exams like
MAT, XAT and UPMCAT, etc there are too many questions asked from this chapter.

5.1 Percentage and Its Application Chapter Checklist

A fraction with denominator 100 is called a per cent. Per cent is an abbreviation for the latin Percentage and Its
Application
word “percentum” meaning “per hundred ” or “hundredhs” and is denoted by symbol %.
Percentage Conversion
NOTE A fraction with denominator 10 is called as decimal.
Since per cent is a form of fraction, we can express per cent as fractions (or decimals) and vice-versa. Percentage Change
Percentage Point Change
5.2 Percentage Conversion Special Cases of Percentage
Change
Conversion of a Fraction into Percentage Problems Based on
To convert a fraction into a percentage, multiply the fraction by 100 and put “%” sign. Population
CAT Test
Exp. 1) Convert the following fractions into percentages:
1 3 4 7
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
2 4 5 8
1 1 3 3
Solution (i) → × 100 = 50% (ii) → × 100 = 75%
2 2 4 4
4 4 7 7
(iii) → × 100 = 80% (iv) → × 100 = 87.5%
5 5 8 8
Conversion of a Percentage into a Fraction
1
To convert a percentage into a fraction, replace the % sign with and reduce the fraction
to simplest form. 100

Exp. 2) Express the following percentage as fraction:

1
(i) 20% (ii) 30% (iii) 45% (iv) 5 % (v) 155%
8
20 1 30 3 45 9
Solution (i) 20 % = = (ii) 30 % = = (iii) 45 % = =
100 5 100 10 100 20
1 41 41 155 31 11
(iv) 5 % = = (v) 155 % = = = 1
8 8 × 100 800 100 20 20
Percentages 277

Conversion of a Percentage into a Ratio Exp. 5) Convert the following percentages into decimals
To convert a percentage into a ratio, first convert the given 1
(i) 36% (ii) 250% (iii) 57.5% (iv) 17 % (v) 7%
percentage into a fraction in simplest form and then to a ratio. 5
Solution (i) 36% = 0. 36 (ii) 250% = 250
. = 25 .
Exp. 3) Solve the following : 1
(i) 38% (ii) 25% (iii) 66.66% (iii) 57.5% = 0575
. (iv) 17 % = 17.2% = 0172 .
38 19 25 1 5
Solution (i) 38% = = = 19 : 50 (ii) 25% = = =1: 4 (v) 7% = 0.07
100 50 100 4
2 200 2 Conversion of a Decimal into a Percentage
(iii) 66.66% = 66 % = = = 2: 3
3 3 × 100 3
To convert a decimal into a percentage, move the decimal
Conversion of a Ratio into a Percentage point two place to the right (adding zeros if necessary) and
To convert a ratio into a percentage, first convert the given put % sign.
ratio into a fraction then to a percentage. Exp. 6) Convert the following decimals into percentages
Exp. 4) Express the following ratios as percentage : (i) 0. 35 (ii) 8.12 (iii) 0.018
(i) 1 : 5 (ii) 2 : 3 (iii) 4 : 9 Solution (i) 0. 35 = 35% . = 812%
(ii) 812
1 1 2 2 (iii) 0.018 = 1.8%
Solution (i) 1 : 5 = = × 100 = 20% (ii) 2 : 3 = = × 100 = 66.66%
5 5 3 3 NOTE
(iii) 4 : 9 = 1/ 9 = 1/ 9 × 100 = 44.44%
1. Work out some more examples so that all these thing rest
Conversion of a Percentage into a Decimal on your finger tips.
1 2 3 4
To convert a percentage into a decimal remove the % sign 2. = = = =… = 50% etc.
2 4 6 8
and move the decimal point two places to the left.

Percentage-Fraction Conversion Table

Numerators
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
2 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
3 33.33 66.66 100 133.33 166.66 200 233.33 266.66 300 333.33 366.60 400
Denominators

4 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300

5 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
6 16.66 33.33 50 66.66 83.33 100 116.66 133.33 150 166.66 183.33 200
7 14.28 28.56 42.85 57.13 71.42 85.71 100 114.28 128.56 142.85 157.13 171.42
8 12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 75 87.5 100 112.5 125 137.5 150
9 11.11 22.22 33.33 44.44 55.55 66.66 77.77 88.88 100 111.11 122.22 133.33
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
11 9.09 18.18 27.27 36.36 45.45 54.54 63.63 72.72 81.81 90.9 100 109.09
12 8.33 16.66 25 33.33 41.66 50 58.33 66.66 75 83.33 91.66 100
15 6.66 13.33 20 26.66 33.33 40 46.66 53.33 60 66.66 73.33 80

The Most Important Conversions The Commonly Confusing Conversions

1 1 1 1
→ 50% , → 33.33%, = 14.28% and = 714
. %
2 3 7 14
2 1 1 1
→ 66.66%, → 25%, = 16.66% and = 6.66%,
3 4 6 15
3 1 1 1
→ 75%, → 20%, = 11.11% and = 9.09%
4 5 9 11
1 5 1 1
→ 16.66%, → 83.33% = 6.66% and = 6.25%,
6 6 15 16
278 QUANTUM CAT
1 3 Therefore, the number of other trees = 360 − 60 = 300
= 33.33% and = 30%
3 10 2
Alternatively Number of mango trees = 16 %
NOTE With regard to percentage conversion, whenever you see 3
99.99%, you can safely assume that it is actually 100%. As, we know It means no. of other types of trees
1 9 9  2 1
that = 1111
. %, so we have = 99.99% but = 100% = 100 − 16  % = 83 %
9 9 9  3 3
Thus, number of other types of trees
The Unforgettable Conversions 1
1 1 1 = 83 % of 360 = 300
= 769
. %, = 588
. %, = 526
. %, 3
13 17 19
1 1 1 Practice Exercise
= 4.76%, = 4.35%, = 4166
. % 1. Find the value of :
21 23 24
(i) 25% of 200 (ii) 30% of 180
Learnings from the Convergion Table (iii) 37.5% of 300 (iv) 83.33% of 480
(i) This table is a first hand support as a percentage (v) 100% of 2 quintal (vi) 165% of 330 litre
values of some frequently used fractions. 1
(vii) 5 % of ` 1600 (viii) 10% of 1 hour
2
(ii) All the percentage values whose decimal part is 0.33,
(ix) 66.66% of 300 (x) 20% of 1 million rupees
0.66, 0.00 contain the denominator 3 in the fraction.
2. Mr. Arvind Vidyarthi spends 30% of his money on
(iii) Similarly if there is 0.16, 0.33, 0.50, 0.66, 0.83, 0.00 it education and he has total ` 15000. How many rupees
means there is a 6 in the denominator of the fraction. he spends on education?
(iv) Similarly if there is 0.28, 0.56, 0.85, 0.13, 0.42, 0.71 it 3. Sonia purchased 80 metres of cloth, out of which 35%
means there is a 7 as denominator. was used for making trousers. How much cloth was
(v) If there is 0.11, 0.22, 0.33, 0.44… 0.99 etc. used by her for making trousers?
It means there is 9 as the denominator of the fraction. 4. The total no. of students in a school is 1250. 40% of the
(vi) If there is 0.09, 0.18, 0.27… it means there is 11 as the students are girls. Find the number of boys.
denominator of the fraction. 5. William’s monthly salary used to be ` 1140. Recently, his
salary was increased by 16.66%.
(viii) If two percentage values have different decimal
(i) How much his salary (in `) was increased?
values (there must be different denominators) then
(ii) Find his new salary, if it was increased by 33.33%.
their addition or subtraction results always in decimal
6. The population of Vatican city is 700. If it increases by
i.e., never as an integer.
7.14% per annum (i.e., every year). Find the
Percentage of a Quantity population of the Vatican city after one year.
7. The usual speed of a car is 85 km/hr. If it is increased
Exp. 1) Find the no. of male students (i.e., boys), if there
by 20%, what would be the increased speed of the car?
are 42% male students in the school and the total no. of
8. A shopkeeper announces a reduction of 8.33% on all
students in the school is 1000.
its prices after new year. If a wrist watch was earlier for
Solution Required number of male students ` 2400. How much would it costs now?
42
= 42% of 1000 = × 1000 = 420 9. 44% of the students in a class are enrolled as females
100
and the number of students who are enrolled as males
Exp. 2) A students scored 85% marks in his exam. The is 42. If the admitted students in that class are either
maximum marks that any students can score in that exam males or females, find the total number of students in
are 400. How many marks did he score? that class.
85
Solution Marks scored = 85% of 400 = × 400 = 340 10. 30% of a number is 225. Find the number.
100
11. A horse costing ` 80,000 one year ago now costs 25%
2
Exp. 3) In an orchard 16 % of the trees are mango trees. less. Find the changed price.
3
If the total number of trees in the orchard is 360, find the 12. 1700 students took an exam 85% students passed it.
number of other types of trees in the orchard. Find the number of students who failed in the exam.
Solution Total number of trees = 360 CAT TIPS Now I would like to suggest you that all the problems
2 50/ 3 mentioned in the exercise must be done using fractions instead of
Number of mango trees = 16 % of 360 = × 360 = 60 percentage, in order to make the calculation simple and handy.
3 100
Percentages 279

Answers & Solutions 1

7. Since 20% =
5
1. (i) 50, (ii) 54, (iii) 112.5
1 6
(iv) 400, (v) 2 quintal (vi) 544.5 Therefore, new speed = 1 + = times of the usual
5 5
(vii) 88 (viii) 6 minutes (ix) 200 6
speed. That is new speed = 85 × = 102 km/hr
(x) 2 lakh rupees 5
 30  Therefore, the required answer is 102 km/hr
2. 15000 × 0.3 = 4500 Q 30% = = 0.3
 100  1
8. Since, 8.33% =
12
Therefore, the required answer is ` 4500.
 30  So, the reduced price of the watch
3. 80 × 0.35 = 28 Q 35% = = 0.35
 100   1  11
= 2400 1 −  =2400   = ` 2200
 12  12 
Therefore, the required answer is 28 meters
9. Refer the following solution
4. Total number of students = 1250
Female Male Total
Total number of girls = 1250 × 0.4 = 500
44% 56% 100%
Therefore, total number of boys in that school 42
= 1250 − 500 = 750
42
Therefore, the required answer is 750. Since, 56% = 42, therefore, 1% =
56
1
5. Since, 16.66% = 42
6 So, the 100% = 100 × = 75
56
1
So, his salary was increased by times. Thus, the total number of students = 75
6
1 10. 30% = 225 ⇒10% = 75 ⇒100% = 750
So, the increase in salary = 1140 × = ` 190
6 Therefore, the required number is 750.
1
Similarly, 33.33% = 1
11. Since, 25% = , therefore, 75% =
3
3 4 4
(i) Therefore the required answer is ` 190. 3
So, the new cost of the horse = times of the
1 4
It means his salary was increased by times.
3 original cost. Therefore, the new cost of the horse
1 4 3
Therefore, new salary = 1 + = times = 80000 × = ` 60000
3 3 4
4 Therefore, the required number is 60000.
So, his new salary = × 1140 = ` 1520.
3
12. Refer the following solution
(ii) Therefore the required answer is ` 1520. Total Passed Failed
1 100% 85% 15%
6. Since 7.14% =
14 1700
So, the new population of the city Number of students who failed the exam
 1
= 700 1 +  = 15% of 1700 = 015
. × 1700 = 255
 14 
Therefore, the required answer is 255.
15 
= 700   = 750 Alternatively Number of students who failed the
14 
exam = 15% of 1700
Therefore, the required answer is 750.
= (10% + 5%) × 1700 = (170 + 85 ) = 255
280 QUANTUM CAT
Expressing One Quantity as a Percentage Exp. 3) In a factory of 150 workers, 18 were absent in a
of Another Quantity day what percentage were present?
Solution Present = 150 − 18 = 132
Exp. 1) What per cent is number 3 of number 20 ?
132
Solution As per cent means out of 100. Then by unitary method Percentage presence = × 100 = 88%
150
3 3
out of 20 → 3, out of 1 → , out of 100 → × 100 = 15% Exp. 4) Kurla obtained 480 marks out of 600 and Birla
20 20
obtained 560 marks out of 800.
Hence to find what per cent the first number is of second
number, we divide the first number by the second number Whose performance is better?
and multiply the result by 100. 480
Solution % marks of Kurla = × 100 = 80%
600
Exp. 2) Ravi obtained 325 marks out of a maximum of 560
400 marks. Find the percentage of marks obtained by him. % marks of Birla = × 100 = 70%
800
325
Solution Required percentage of marks = × 100 = 81.25% So, obviously Kurla’s performance is better than that of Birla
400 even though getting less absolute marks.

Introductory Exercise 5.1

1. What per cent is : 5. A tin contains 24 litres of milk. Due to leakage 720 ml
(i) 30 out of 600 ? is lost. What per cent of milk is still present in the tin?
(ii) 25 out of 160 ? 6. Price of an item increased from ` 16.50 to ` 41.25 Find
(iii) 75 out of 225 ? the percentage increase in price.
(iv) 36 kg of 150 kg ?
7. The excise duty on a certain item has been reduced to
(v) 90 cm of 4.5 metre?
` 3480 from ` 5220 . Find the percentage reduction in
(vi) 60 litres of 40 litres?
the excise duty on that item.
(vii) 800 shirts out of 1200 shirts?
(viii) 875 m of 2 km? 8. Out of total production of 6450 tonnes of a coalmine a
quantity of 645 tonnes was lost during extraction.
2. Express:
What per cent of the total production was the net coal
(i) 20 as a percentage of 500.
extracted?
(ii) 60 kg as a percentage of 80 kg .
(iii) 350 ml as a percentage of 5.6 litre. 9. A cricket team played 24 matches. The team won
9 matches and lost 3 matches. 12 matches ended in
(iv) ` 13 as a percentage of ` 39.
draw. What per cent of the total matches did the team
(v) 15 seconds as a percentage of 1 hour.
lose?
(vi) 27° as a percentage of 360°.
10. In a hostel, in a particular month, out of ` 50,000
3. Manu scored 384 marks out of 450. What per cent
budget, ` 10,000 were allocated for the food items.
marks did she get?
Further, out of the food budget, ` 2000 were allocated
4. In an election, out of 60,000 eligible voters 42000 cast for the fruits. What percentage of the total monthly
their vote. Calculate the percentage of eligible voters budget of the hostel was allocated for the fruits?
casting their votes.
Percentages 281

5.3 Percentage Change 5.4 Percentage Point Change

The application of percentage change is very diverse in Last year Abhijeet’s salary was ` 10,000 and Sonu’s salary
nature e.g., profit and loss, simple interest and compound was ` 8,000. This year Abhijeet’s salary is ` 12,000 while
interest etc. All these are exactly based on the percentage Sonu’s salary is ` 10,000.
increase/decrease of the original (or actual) value. 1. (i) What is the percentage increase in Abhijeet’s salary?
Percentage increase in a value (ii) What is the percentage increase in Sonu’s salary?
 increased value − original value  (iii) Percentage increase in Sonu’s salary is how much per
= × 100 %
 original value  cent greater than the percentage increase in Abhijeet’s
Percentage decrease in a value salary?
(iv) What is the percentage point change in the salary of
 original value − decreased value 
= × 100 % Sonu and Abhijeet?
 original value  Solution
12, 000 − 10, 000
Exp. 1) Sometimes ago Abhimanyu’s height was 110 cm. (i) × 100 = 20%
10, 000
Now, his height is 120 cm. Find the percentage change in
2 1
his height. or → → 20%
120 − 110 10 5
Solution × 100 = 9.09% 2 1
110 (ii) → → 25%
8 4
Alternatively 10 → 1 → 9.09%
110 11 (iii) Percentage increase in Sonu’s salary = 25
12 Percentage increase in Abhijeet’s salary = 20
Alternatively → 109.09%, so increase = 9.09%
11 So the required percentage
So, the increase in height = 109.09 − 100 = 9.09% 25 − 20
= × 100 = 25%
20
Exp. 2) The total expenses of a hostel were ` 8000 per
It means percentage increase in Sonu’s salary is 25%
month. Some students left the hostel due to which the new
greater than the percentage increase in Abhijeet’s salary.
expenses come down by ` 1000. Find the percentage
decrease in total expenses of the hostel. (iv) Percentage point change
= ( Percentage increase in Sonu’s salary
1000 1
Solution → → 125
. % – Percentage increase in Abhijeet’s salary)
8000 8
= 25 − 20 = 5 percentage point
Exp. 3) Raja’s salary is ` 9,000 per month and Rani’s
In fact, percentage point change is the difference between
salary is ` 10,000 per month.
two percentage values.
(i) With respect to Raja’s salary what percent is Rani’s

5.5 Special Cases of

salary?
(ii) With respect to Rani’s salary what percent is Raja’s
salary? Percentage Change
10000
Solution (i) × 100 = 111 .11%
9000 Getting Back the Original Value
9000 (A) If a value p is increased by x% , then we have to
(ii) × 100 = 90%
10000  x 
10 9 1 decrease the resultant value by  × 100 % to
Alternatively (i) → + → 100% + 1111. % → 11111 . %  x + 100 
9 9 9
9  1  get back to the original value p.
(ii) → 90% Q → 10%
10  10 
282 QUANTUM CAT
Original increasing value Increased value
Exp. 3) Gautam has 33.33% more pencils than Rahul
value p×x  px 
p → →  p +  has. By how much per cent less pencils Rahul has than
100  100  that of Gautam?
 100 + x  Solution 33.33% →
1
= p  3
 100 
Rahul Gautam
Now the percentage decrease
  100 + x   1 1
–25% = =
 p  100  − p
4 3+1
   x  So Rahul has 25% less pencils than Gautam has.
= × 100 =  × 100 %
 100 + x   100 + x 
p  Exp. 4) Height of Amitabh is 50% greater than the height
 100  of Amir Khan. Height of Amir Khan is how much per cent
In other words (i.e., in terms of fraction) if a value is less than that of Amitabh?
n Solution 1
increased by then to get back the same number p + 50% →
2
d
Amir Amitabh
from the resultant value, we have to decrease the
 n  1 1
increased value by  . –33.33% = =
 d + n 3 2+1
Thus the height of Amir is 33.33% less than Amitabh.
Exp. 1) Salary of Rajeev Ratan in 2001 was
$ 100 per day and his salary in 2002 was $ 125 per day.
Explanation of Concept
Again in 2003 his salary was $ 100 per day. Assume A has 10 apples and B has 20 apples, then we say that
(i) What is the percentage increase in his salary in 2002? B has 100% more apples than A has. Again we can say that A
(ii) What is the percentage decrease in his salary in 2003 has 50% less apples than B has.
over 2002? To calculate the percentage change :
125 − 100 125 − 100 1
Solution (i) × 100 = 25% (ii) × 100 = 20% 100% →
100 125 1
In fact there is same absolute change but percentage change is A B
different due to different denominator (i.e., base change). So
the base change is as much important as the numerator or 1 1
absolute change in quantity. –50% = =
2 1+1
Exp. 2) Age of Ravi is 20 years. If the Shyam’s age is 25%
Consider Another Example
greater than that of Ravi then how much per cent Ravi’s
Let us assume A has 6 chocolates and B has 10 chocolates then
age is less than Shyam’s age ?
we can say that B has 66.66% more chocolates than A. So again
Solution Age of Ravi Age of Shyam
(+ 25%)
we can also say that A has 40% less chocolates than B.
20 → 25 2
← 66.66% →
(− 20%) 3
Solution using percentage change formula Here x = 25, then A B
25
percentage decrease (or less) = × 100 = 20%
125 2 2
–40% = =
1 5 3+2
Solution using fractional change formula Since increase =
4 Remember the percentage change graphic is almost 70 –80%
 1
Q  25% =  better in giving quick and simple results. So instead of using
 4
the percentage formula, use the percentage change graphic
1 1
Therefore decrease = = → 20% method. For this you are just required to know the percentage
4+1 5
fraction conversion table.
Percentages 283

(B) If a value P is first decreased by x% then to get back NOTE

the original value P, we have to increase the decreased (1) If a value X is first increased by p% to Y then Y is again
 x  decreased to X by q% then p is always greater than q(for
(resultant) value by  × 100 % positive values).
 100 − x  (2) If a value X is first decreased by p% to Y and then Y is
decreased value increased by q% to X, then p is always less than q.
 Px 
original value (decreasing value)
 x  (3) If a value A is increased by p% then again by q% once
P →  P −  = P 1 −  again it is increased by r% , then the final value will be
Px  100   100  same as if you change the order of p, q, r i.e., A can be
100
first increased by r% then by q% and then by p% still the
  x 
 P − P 1 − 100  
result will be same.
(4) The rule 3 is also applicable for the decreasing of the
Now, the per cent increase = × 100 values. A value ‘ A’ is first decreased by p%, then by q%
 x 
P 1 −  and then by r% and so on, the resultant value will be
 100  same as when A is first decreased by q% then by p% and
then by r% etc.
x Note that in case 3 and 4 we are discussing the
= × 100
100 − x successive increase or decrease in the value.
(5) A value ‘A’ is first increased by p% then by q% and then it is
In terms of fraction, if a value P is first decreased by reduced by r % will give the same results as when A is first
n/ d then to get back the original number P. We have to decreased by r %, then increased by q% and then by p% etc.
n Exp. 7) Initially Ms. Rakhi Sawant has ` 200 in her
increase the decreased (or resultant) value by .
d–n wallet then she increased it by 20%. Once again she
increased her amount by 25%. The final value of money in
Exp. 5) Due to irregular working habits of her wallet will be how much per cent greater than the
Ramachandran, his salary was reduced by 20% but after initial amount?
some months his salary was increased to the original salary. + 20% + 25%
What is the percentage increase in salary of Ramachandran? Solution 200 → 240 → 300
− 20% 300 − 200
Solution Let initial salary be ` 100. 100 → 80 So the required % increase = × 100 = 50%
← 200
+ 25%
Alternatively Exp. 8) The age of B is 50% greater than the age of A.The
Here x = 20
20 age of C is 20% less than the age of B. By how much
then % increase = × 100 = 25% percentage the age of C is greater than the age of A?
(100 − 20)
+ 50% − 20 %
Alternatively Solution A → B → C
100 150 120
1
–20% → 20
5 So the required percentage change = × 100 = 20%
(Initial salary) P 100
Q (Decreased salary)
Reversing the change by same Percentage
1 1 n If the value of a number is first increased by x% and then
+ 25% = =
4 (5 – 1) d–n decreased by x%, the net change is always a decrease (or
loss) in original value. That is, % loss = (x/10) %
2
Hence his salary will be incresed by 25%.

Exp. 6) Kajol usually wears saree, which is 16.66% less If the value of a number is first decreased by x% and then the
than the actual length of the saree. By how much per cent resultant value is increased by x%, the net change is always a
the actual length of the saree is greater than the length of decrease (or loss) in the original value. That is % loss = ( x/ 10) 2
saree which kajol usually wears?
Solution Actual length Usual length Exp. 1) Shweta is very expert in bargaining. Once she
1 went to a nearby shop. When Shweta asked the price of
–16.66% = Shampoo Sachet the shopkeeper told her the price by
6
A U increasing 15% of the original cost. But Shweta insisted to
decrease the price by 15% so the shopkeeper sold it by
decreasing the price by 15%. What is the loss or profit of
1 1 n shopkeeper and by how much per cent?
+20% = = Q
5 6–1 d–n
(a) no loss (b) profit of 1.5%
So the actual length of the saree is 20% greater than the (c) loss of 2.25% (d) none of these
usually used saree. Solution Let the actual price be 100.
284 QUANTUM CAT
+ 15% − 15%
100 → 115 → 97.75 (loss of 2.25%) 100 × 100 = 10,000
 15 
2 125 × x = 10,000
Alternatively loss% =   = 2.25%
 10  10,000
⇒ x= = 80. Therefore % reduction = 20%
There is always a loss. 125
Exp. 2) If the length and breadth of a rectangle are or 1 ×1 =1
changed by + 20% and − 10%. What is the percentage 1.25 × k = 1 ⇒ k = 0.8
change in area of rectangle? Thus there will be 20% decrease in the consumption of sugar
(a) 8% (b) 10.8% in order to maintain the same expenditure on sugar.
(c) 20% (d) data insufficient
Solution l × b = area Product Constancy Conditions
1 × 1 = 1 ⇒ 1.2 × 0.9 = 1.08 ˜ When one factor of a product is increased by p%, then
So there is 8% increase in the area of rectangle.  p 
the other factor will be decreased by  × 100 %.
Exp. 3) A’s monthly salary is 20% lower than B’s  100 + p 
monthly salary and C’s monthly salary is 56.25% greater n
It means when one factor of a product is increased by
than A’s salary. By how much percent B’s salary is less d
than C’s salary?. n
then the other factor is decreased by .
(a) 15% (b) 20% ( d + n)
(c) 25% (d) 33.33%
Solution A B C ˜ When one factor of a product is decreased by p% then
(Consider the
(– 20%)  p 
80 100 125 salary of B = 100) the other factor will be increased by  × 100 %.
+56.25%  100 – p 
25 n
The required value = × 100 = 20% It means when one factor of a product is decreased by
125 d
n
Product Constancy then the other factor will must be increased by
( d – n)
.
It is the same as we know the inverse proportion in the
chapter of Ratio, Proportion and Variation. For example, Exp. 1) If the price of a commodity be raised by 20%,
when the rate of a pencil is ` 1.25 then we can purchase 16 then by how much per cent a house holder reduce his
pencils by paying ` 20. If the rate of a pencil is decreased by consumption of the same commodity so that his
` 0.25 then we can purchase 20 pencils by paying ` 20. expenditure does not increase.
Solution Since here product (i.e., expenditure) is constant
Explanation : Rate × No. of pencils = Price rate × consumption = expenditure
1.25 × 16 = 20, 1.00 × 20 = 20 initially → 1 × 1 = 1
So you can see that here the product (20) is constant in both After change 1.2 × x = 1
⇒ x = 0.833
the cases. Thus it is clear that if we reduce the price of a
∴ decrease in value = 16.66%
pencil to ` 0.50, then we can purchase 40 pencils in ` 20.
Alternatively
Some more examples of product constancy :
Increase in rate Decrease in consumption
(i) speed × time = distance
(ii) rate × time = cost 1 1
+ 20% = + → − 16.66% = −
(iii) efficiency × time = work 5 6
(iv) length × breadth = area Exp. 2) If the price of petrol falls down by 20% by how
(v) average × no of elements = total value much per cent must a person increase its consumption, so
(vi) rate × quantity = price (or expenditure) as not to decrease the expenditure on this item?
For example The price of sugar is increased by 25% then by Solution Since product is constant
how much per cent should a customer reduce the decrease by increase by
consumption (i.e., quantity used) of sugar so that he has not 1 1  n n 
20% = → = 25% Q d → ( d − n) 
to increase his expenses on sugar. 5 4  
price × quantity = expenditure
Percentages 285

Exp. 3) Due to 50% increase in the price of rice . We Hence by 150% working hours will be increased. It means the
purchased 5 kg less rice with the same amount of ` 60. new working hours will be 2.5 times (not 1.5 times) of the
What is the new price of rice? original time.
(a) ` 4.66 (b) ` 5 (c) ` 4 (d) ` 6
Exp. 3) Two numbers are respectively 25% and 40% less
Solution Increase in price Decrease in amount than a third number. What per cent is the second of the first ?
1 1
50% = → = 33.33% Solution Consider A , B , C three numbers and assume C = 100
2 3 (as a base)
Since the new quantity of rice decreases by 33.33% which is A B C
(– 40%)
equal to 5 kg it means initially there was 15 kg rice to be used. 75 60 100
 60 
So, the initial price = ` 4 Q = 4
 15  (–25%)
 60  60
and final price = ` 6 Q = 6 Now × 100 = 80%
 10  75
Alternatively From the options.
Let us consider choice (d).
Exp. 4) A person gives 10% to his wife 10% of the
Therefore [6 × 10 = 60] (finally) remaining to a hospital (as a donation) again 10% of the
Hence [4 × 15 = 60] (initialy) remaining to Prime Minister’s Relief Fund. Then he has
only ` 7290 with him. What was the initial sum of money
Exp. 4) The length of a plot is decreased by 33.33% . By with that person?
how much % the breadth of the plot will be increased so Solution Since he gives 10%so he is left with 90%of the original
that the area remains constant? sum and since he does the same with the remaining (or left)
Solution (Decrease) (Increase) amount. So it forms a chain.
1 1 1 1  ∴ Remaining amount = ( x) × 0.9 × 0.9 × 0.9 = 0729 . x = 7290
33.33 = → = 50%  2 = 3 − 1
3 2   ⇒ x = 10, 000, where x is supposed to be initial amount.

Difference Between ‘by’ and ‘to’ Exp. 5) Initially a shopkeeper had n chocolates. A customer
bought 10% chocolate from n then another customer bought
Please note that there is a clear difference between “by” and
20% of the remaining chocolates, after that one more customer
“to”. For example., the income is reduced by 40% it means the
purchased 25% of the remaining chocolates. Finally
new income is 60% of the original and the income is reduced
shopkeeper is left with 270 chocolates in his shop. How many
to 40% means the new income is 40% of the original value.
chocolates were there initially in his shop?
Thus “by” represents difference and “to” represents final
(a) 300 (b) 450 (c) 500 (d) 600
value. For example., The income of Sarika is increased by 270 × 10, 000
20% means its new income is 100 + 20 = 120 % of the original Solution n × 0.9 × 0.8 × 075
. = 270 ⇒n = ⇒n = 500
9 × 8 × 75
income. The income of Sarika is increased to 120% means the
new income of Sarika is 120% of the original income. NOTE These type of problems (see example no. 4 and 5) can be
solved with a great convenience if we solve in reverse order, with the
Exp. 1) In an election between two candidates, the aid of given choices. Let us consider option (c)
candidate who got 57% valid votes won by a majority of 500 × 0.9 = 450 ⇒ 450 × 0. 8 = 360 ⇒360 × 0.75 = 270
420 votes. Find the total no. of valid votes . Hence presumed option is correct.
Solution Winner Loser Difference Between Decreased value and
0.57 x 0.43x [100 − 57 = 43] Decreased in value
0.14x [57 − 43 = 14] There is a huge difference between ‘‘decreased value’’ and ‘‘decrease
. x = 420 ⇒ x = 3000
014 in value’’ similarly, there is a huge between ‘‘increased value’’ and
‘‘increase in value’’.
Hence total valid votes = 3000
For example Initial value = 70
Exp. 2) Due to fall in manpower, the production in the Final value = 90. It means increased value = 90 but increase in value
factory decreases by 60%. By what per cent should the 90 − 70
= 20 and % increase in value = × 100 = 28 .57%
working hour be increased to restore the original 70
production in the factory? (1) If there is an increase of x / y in any value P then the increased
 x
Solution Manpower × Working hours = Production value will be P 1+  .
 y
(2) If there is a decrease of x / y in any value P , then the decreased
3 3 3 3 3  x
( − 60%) = → = ( + 150%) 5 → 5 − 3 = 2  value will be P 1−  .
5 2    y
286 QUANTUM CAT
Exp. 1) Nishith is now 20 years old. Some years later his Exp. 2) The population of a town in the first year
age will increase by 50% of himself. What will be the new increases by 10% in the next year it decreases by 10%. Once
age at that time? again in the third year it increase by 10% and in the fourth
 1  1  1  year it decrease by 10% . If the present population be
Solution 20 1 +  = 30 years Q 20 + 20 × 2 = 20 1 + 2 
 2   20, 000 then the population after four years will be :
(a) 16,902 (b) 19,602
Exp. 2) The average salary of Purushottam in Infosys is (c) 20,000 (d) none of these
20% less than that was in Microsoft. If the salary of  10   10   10   10 
Purushottam in Microsoft be $ 80,000 per month then Solution 20, 000 1 +  1 −  1 +  1 − 
 100  100  100  100
what is the salary of Purushottam in Infosys?
= 20,000 (1.1) (0.9) (1.1) (0.9) = 20, 000 × 1.21 × 0.81 = 19, 602
Solution 20% = 1/5 Thus option (b) is correct.
 1 4
So new salary = 80, 000 1 −  = 80, 000 × = $ 64, 000
 5 5
Practice Exercise
NOTE Remember this type of problems can also be solved
3 1
exactly through percentages. 1. What per cent of is ?
7 105
As 80 , 000 × 0. 8 (100 − 20 = 80%) = 64 , 000
But the technique given above is not less important. Some where it (a) 10% (b) 2.22% (c) 45% (d) 450%
becomes very necessary to solve through fractions. 2. What per cent is 3% of 15% ?
So, keep your eyes open mind focussed and use your wits to solve (a) 15% (b) 20% (c) 40% (d) 66.66%
the problems intelligently as per the situation.
3. If the cost of a calculator worth ` 250 is increased by
3 7 16 13 ` 100, the rate of increase is
Exp. 3) Which one of the following is greatest , , , ?
4 8 19 15 (a) 100% (b) 40% (c) 25% (d) 90%
3 7
Solution = 75% ⇒ = 87.5%
4 8 4. A number increased by 37.5% gives 99, the number is
16 13 (a) 140 (b) 61.5 (c) 72 (d) 48
= 84.21% ⇒ = 86.66%
19 15
5. When 40% of a number is added to 42, the result is
7
So, is the greatest fraction (or rational number) the number itself. The number is:
8
(a) 105 (b) 72 (c) 70 (d) 82

5.6 Problems Based on Population 6. In an examination 52% of the candidates failed in

Science, 42% in Mathematics and 17% in both. The
If the original population of a locality (i.e., region) be P and no. of those who passed in both the subjects, is :
the annual growth rate be r% . (a) 83% (b) 64% (c) 23% (d) 55.55%
n
 r  7. The price of an item is increased by 20% and then
The population after n years = P 1 + 
 100  decreased by 20% . The final price as compared to
 n  original price
r 
change (or increase) in the population = P  1 +  − 1 (a) 4% more (b) 20% more (c) 20% less (d) 4% less
 100 
  8. Two candidates fought an election. One got 65% of the
If there is decrease in population be r% then, votes and won by 600 votes. The total no. of votes polled is
n (a) 12,000 (b) 10 ,000 (c) 2 ,000 (d) 8 ,000
 r 
total population after n years = P 1 − 
 100  9. Out of a no. of electronic items, a person purchases
60% coloured TVs 5% of these were found to be
  r  
n
defective. The percentage of defective TVs in all is
and decrease in population = P 1 − 1 − 
 100   (a) 3% (b) 6%
  (c) 12% (d) Can’t be determined
Exp. 1) If the annual increase in the population be 20% 10. A’s salary is half that of B. If A got a 50% raise in his
and the present population be 10, 000. What will be the salary and B got a 25% raise in his salary, then the
population after 3 years hence? percentage increase in combined salaries of both is
(a) 16,000 (b) 17,280 (c) 14,400 (d) 1,728 (a) 30% (b) 33.33% (c) 55% (d) 28%
3 3
Solution 10,000  1 +
20 
 = 10,000   = 10,000 × (1.2) = 17,280 Answers
6 3
 100  5
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c)
Hence (b) is correct. 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b)
 CAT-Test
Questions Helping you bell the CAT

LEVEL 01 > BASIC LEVEL EXERCISE

1 In our Singapore office there are 60% female employees. 8 600 students took the test on Physics and Chemistry. 35%
50% of all the male employees are computer literate. If students failed in Physics and 45% students failed in
there are total 62% employees computer literate out of the Chemistry and 40% of those who passed in Chemistry also
total 1600 employees, then the no. of female employees passed in Physics, then how many students failed in both?
who are computer literate, provided that our employees (a) 162 (b) 138
are either male or female. (c) 60 (d) none of these
(a) 690 (b) 672
(c) 960 (d) Can’t be determined 9 In an examination 70% of the candidates passed in History
and 50% in Geography and 20% students failed in both the
2 The price of a car depreciates in the first year by 25% in the subjects. If 500 students passed in both the subjects, then
second year by 20% in the third year by 15% and so on. The how many candidates appeared for the exam ?
final price of the car after 3 years, if the present cost of the (a) 1,000
car is `. 10,00,000 : (b) 1,500
(a) 7,80,000 (b) 5,10,000 (c) 6,90,000 (d) 1,70,000 (c) 2,500
3 A shopkeeper charges sales tax of x % up to ` 2, 000 and (d) none of the above
above it he charges y %.A customer pays total tax of ` 320, 10 My salary is ` 12, 345 per month. The salary of my brother is
when he purchases the goods worth ` 6, 000 and he pay’s 10% greater than that of mine. The salary of my only sister
the total tax of ` 680 for the goods worth ` 12, 000. The
is 9. 09% greater than my only brother. The salary of my
value of ( x − y ) is : 12
(a) 0 (b) − 2 (c) − 4 (d) 5 wife is 56 % less than the total salary of my brother and
23
4 40% of a number when added to the square of the same sister together, then the salary of my wife is :
number, then it is increased to 4040% of itself the actual (a) greater than my sister’s salary
number is : 11
(b) 33 % less than my sister’s salary
(a) 175 (b) 400 (c) 40 (d) 120 23
(c) equal to my salary
Directions (for Q. Nos. 5-7) In my office there are 30% female 11
employees of whom 30% earn greater than ` 8000 per month and 80% (d) 44 % greater than my own salary
23
of male employees earn less than ` 8000 per month. It iw well known
that my employees are either male or remale. It is well known that my 11 MDTV is a very popular TV channel. It telecasts the
employees are either male of female. programmes from 8 : 00 a.m. to 12 : 00 p.m. It telecasts
60 advertisements each of 8 seconds and 16
5 What is the percentage of employees who earn more than advertisements each of 30 seconds. What is the percentage
` 8000 per month? of time devoted in a day for the advertisements?
(a) 30% (b) 23%
(a) 1.5% (b) 1.66%
(c) 60% (d) Can’t be determined
(c) 2% (d) 2.5%
6 What could be the maximum percentage of employees who
12 Lagaan is levied on the 60% of the cultivated land. The
earn more than ` 8000 per month?
revenue department collected total ` 3,84,000 through the
(a) 44% (b) 23%
lagaan from the village of Sukhiya. Sukhiya, a very rich
(c) 60% (d) Can’t be determined
farmer, paid only ` 480 as lagaan. The percentage of total
7 What could be the minimum percentage of employees who land of Sukhiya over the total taxable land of the village is :
earn less than ` 8000 per month? (a) 0.15% (b) 15%
(a) 9% (b) 14% (c) 0.125% (d) none of these
(c) 56% (d) Can’t be determined
288 QUANTUM CAT
13 The actual area of a rectangle is 60 cm2, but while 21 80% of a smaller number is 4 less than 40% of a larger
measuring its length a student decreases it by 20% and the number. The larger number is 85 greater than the smaller
breadth increases by 25%. The percentage error in area, one. The sum of these two numbers is :
calculated by the student is : (a) 325 (b) 425 (c) 235 (d) 500
(a) 5% (b) 25%
22 220% of a number ‘X’ is 44. What is 44% of ‘ X ’ ?
(c) can’t be determined (d) none of these
(a) 88 (b) 8.8
14 The cost of packaging of the mangoes is 40% the cost of (c) 66 (d) Data insufficient
fresh mangoes themselves. The cost of mangoes increased
23 The shopkeeper increased the price of a product by 25% so
by 30% but the cost of packaging decreases by 50%, then
that customer finds it difficult to purchase the required
the percentage change of the cost of packed mangoes, if the
amount. But somehow the customer managed to purchase
cost of packed mangoes is equal to the sum of the cost of
only 70% of the required amount. What is the net
fresh mangoes and cost of packaging :
difference in the expenditure on that product ?
(a) 14.17% (b) 7.14%
(a) 10% more (b) 5% more
(c) 6.66% (d) none of these
(c) 12.5% less (d) 17.5% less
15 Abhinav scores 80% in Physics and 66% in Chemistry and
24 In the previous government, party Q was in the opposition.
the maximum marks of both the papers are 100. What per
Now increasing the seats by 33.33% Q is the ruling party
cent does he score in maths which is of 200 marks, if he
and thus party Q enjoys twice the majority than that of
scores 80% marks in all the three subjects?
party P in the previous government. If there were only two
(a) 74% (b) 84%
parties P and Q and the fix no. of seats be 500 in the
(c) 87% (d) 83%
parliament of Hum-Tum, then the no. of seats of the Q in
16 In the New York Stock Exchange there are 45% female the new government is :
employees and thus the number of male employees is (a) 225 (b) 200 (c) 275 (d) 300
exceeded by 72. Hence the total no. of employees in the
25 In an examination a candidate got 30% marks and failed by
New York Stock Exchange is :
30 marks. If the passing marks are 60% of the total marks,
(a) 540 (b) 720 then the maximum marks will be :
(c) 7200 (d) 550 (a) 450 (b) 600 (c) 300 (d) 100
17 Three candidates A, B and C contested an election. Out of 26 In a school there are 1800 students. Last day except 4% of
the total votes on a voter list 25% did not vote and the boys all the students were present in the school. Today
6.66% votes polled were invalid. C got 2450 valid votes, except 5% of the girls all the students are present in the
which were 40% more than that of B. If A got only 40% of school, but in both the days no. of students present in the
the total votes, then who is the winner? school, were same. The no. of girls in the school is :
(a) A (b) B (a) 1200 (b) 800 (c) 1000 (d) 600
(c) C (d) can’t be determined
27 In a library 60% of the books are in Hindi, 60% of the
18 The cost of a car is 400% greater than the cost of a bike. If remaining are in English and rest of the books are in Urdu.
there is an increase in the cost of the car is 15% and that of If there are 3600 books in English, then the total no. of
bike is 20%. Then the total increase in the cost of the 5 cars books in Urdu are :
and 10 bikes is : (a) 2400 (b) 2500
3
(a) 17.5% (b) 16 % (c) 3000 (d) none of these
7
(c) 18.5% (d) 18.25% 28 In a test there are total n questions. Bhanu answers 20 out
of 25 questions correctly in the first section. In the second
19 The square of a positive number is 2, 000% greater than the section he answers 60% question correct and thus his total
number itself, then the square of that number is : score is 66.66% in the test. Given that all the questions
(a) 1762 (b) 1635 carry equal marks, without any negative marking. The total
(c) 441 (d) 139 no. of question in the test is :
20 The monthly salary of Shahid and Kareena together is (a) 50 (b) 60 (c) 75 (d) 100
$ 28,000. The salary of Shahid and Kareena is increased by 29 In a class of MBA students 16.66% students are from Science
25% and 12.5% respectively then the new salary of background and 12.5% students are from commerce
Kareena becomes 120% of the new salary of Shahid. The background and 6.66% students from arts background and
new (or increased) salary of Shahid is : rest are from Engineering background. The minimum
(a) $ 15,000 (b) $ 18,000 possible students of engineeering background are :
(c) $ 14,000 (d) $ 16,000 (a) 45 (b) 77 (c) 100 (d) 120
Percentages 289

30 An alloy contains the copper and aluminium in the ratio of 37 The charges per hour of internet surfing is increased by
7 : 4. While making the weapons from this alloy, 12% of the 25% then find the percentage decrease in the time period
alloy got destroyed. If there is 12 kg of aluminium in the of surfing of a user (a net savy) who can afford only a 10%
weapon, then the weight of the alloy required is : increase in expenditure :
(a) 48 kg (b) 40 kg (a) 22% (b) 12% (c) 15% (d) 9.09%
(c) 37.5 kg (d) 14.4 kg
38 The average earning of each member of the Ambani family
31 Hariharan goes to a shop to buy an FM radio costing ` 1404 is 20% less than the average earning of each member of the
including sales tax at 8%. He asks the shopkeeper to reduce Sahara family and the total earning of Ambani’s family is
the price of radio so that he can save the amount equal to 20% more than the total earning of Saharas’s family. The
the sales tax. The reduction of the price of the radio is : no. of family members in the Sahara is what per cent of the
(a) ` 108 (b) ` 104 no. of family members of Ambani?
(c) ` 112.32 (d) none of these (a) 25% (b) 20%
(c) 66.66% (d) None of these
32 The average weight of a class of students is 67.5 kg. The
weight of the class teacher is 25% more than the average 39 From 2000 onwards, till 2003 the price of computers
weight of the class. The average weight of the class is less increased every year by 10%. After that due to government
than the class teacher by x %. The value of x is : subsidy the price of computers decreases every year by
(a) 33.33% (b) 25% 10%. The price of a computer in 2006 will be approx. how
(c) 20% (d) can’t be determined much per cent less than the price in 2000 if the same
33 Last year in CAT, each section of the question paper had pattern of price is continued :
different weightage. The weightage of QA, DI and VA/RC (a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) none of these
sections were 8, 9 and 10 respectively. The maximum marks
in all the three sections together was 810. Wrong answer did 40 A book consists of 30 pages, 25 lines on each page and 35
not carry negative marks as a penalty. If Padma had gotten characters on each line. If this content is written in another
20% more marks in QA and 8% more marks in DI and note book consisting of 30 lines and 28 characters per line,
7.14…% more marks in VA/RC, then she must had gotten then the required no. of pages will how much per cent
100% marks in all the three sections. The total marks that greater than the previous pages?
Padma had scored : (a) 4.16% (b) 5%
(a) 730 (b) 700 (c) 6.66% (d) none of these
(c) 750 (d) 775 41 The rate of increase of the price of sugar is observed to be
34 A salesman gets commission on total sales at 9%. If the sale two per cent more than the inflation rate expressed in
is exceeded ` 10,000 he gets an additional commission as percentage. The price of sugar on January 1, 2004 is
bonus of 3% on the excess of sales over ` 10,000. If he gets ` 20 per kg. The inflation rates of the years 2004 and 2005
total commission of ` 1380, then the bonus he received is : are expected to be 8% each. The expected price of sugar on
(a) ` 180 (b) ` 120 January 1, 2006 would be :
(c) ` 480 (d) Data insufficient (a) ` 23.60 (b) ` 24.00 (c) ` 24.20 (d) ` 24.60
35 In Veeru Bhai Pvt. limited company 60% of the employees are 42 A club has raised 75% of the amount it needs for a new
men and 48% of the employees are engineer and 66.6% of building by receiving an average donation of ` 600 from
these are men. The percentage of women who are not the people already solicited. The people already solicited
engineers : represents 60% of the people the club will ask for
(a) 33.33% (b) 60% donations. If the club is to raise exactly the amount needed
(c) 52% (d) 46.66% for the new building, what should be the average donation
36 Initially Veer had 60% more love letters than that of Zara. from the remaining people to be solicited?
(a) 250 (b) 300 (c) 400 (d) 600
In the last month the no. of love letters of Veer increased by
25% and that of Zara decreased by 25%. Again in the 43 A number x is mistakenly divided by 10 instead of being
present month the no. of love letters of Veer decreased to multiplied by 10. What is the percentage error in the
60% and that of Zara increased by 60%. Then which of the result?
following statements is correct regarding the present no. of (a) − 99% (b) + 99% (c) − 100% (d) + 100%
love letters?
44 What is the percentage change in the result when we add
(a) Veer has 40% more letters than that of Zara
50 to a certain number x, instead of subtracting 50 from the
(b) Zara has 20% less letters than that of Veer
same number x ?
(c) Veer and Zara have equal no. of letters
(a) 50% (b) 100%
(d) Zara has 37.5% less letters than that of Veer.
(c) 300% (d) can’t be determined
290 QUANTUM CAT
45 In the Regional Science Centre, Lucknow the rate of ticket (a) ` 3000 (b) ` 6000
is increased by 50% to increase the revenue, but (c) ` 1600 (d) Can’t be determined
simultaneously 20% of the visitors decreased. What is 49 In the previous question, if the difference in the rate of
percentage change in the revenue of Regional Science income tax be 9 (in per cent) then the income tax paid by
Centre. If it is known that the centre collects the revenue me :
only from the visitors and it has no other financial (a) ` 2000 (b) ` 2400
supports : (c) ` 1600 (d) none of these
(a) + 20% (b) − 25%
(c) + 30% (d) can’t be determined 50 The average of a set of whole numbers is 27.2. When the
20% of the elements (ie numbers) are eliminated from the
46 Recently when I visited a show room of shoes shopkeeper set of numbers then the average becomes 34. The number
told me that he could reduce the price of Bata shoes by 49% of elements in the new set of numbers can be :
and if I were to purchase Woodland shoes he could reduce (a) 27 (b) 35 (c) 52 (d) 63
the price to 51% of the original price. If the marked price
(i.e., printed price) of both the shoes was same, then which 51 In a class, the no. of boys is more than the no. of girls by
shoes was cheap to buy : 12% of the total strength. The ratio of boys to girls is :
(a) Woodland (b) Bata (c) Both (d) Can’t say (a) 15 :11 (b) 11 : 14 (c) 14 :11 (d) 8 : 11

47 Selling price of a shirt and a coat is ` 4000. The cost price of 52 The population of a village is 5000 and it increases at the
a shirt is 58.33% of the cost price of a coat and so amount of rate of 2% every year. After 2 years, the population will be :
profit on both the shirt and coat is same, then the price of (a) 5116 (b) 5202 (c) 5200 (d) 5204
the shirt could be : 53 A customer asks for the production of x number of goods.
(a) ` 2100 (b) ` 2525 (c) ` 2499 (d) ` 1120 The company produces y number of goods daily. Out of
48 On the April 1, 2005 my salary increased from ` 10,000 to ` which z%are unfit for sale. The order will be completed in :
x 100 yz
16,000. Simultaneously the rate of income tax decreased (a) days (b) days
by 37.5% , So the amount of income tax paid by me 100 y (1 − z ) x
remains constant what is the value of income tax paid by 100 x 100
(c) days (d) days
me : y (100 − z ) y (z − 1)

LEVEL 02 > HIGHER LEVEL EXERCISE

1 In the Awadh school Gomti Nagar, there are 500 students. 4 In the Presidency College two candidates contested a
60% of the students are boys, 40% of whom play hockey presidential election. 15% of the voters did not vote and
and the girls don’t play hockey, 75% of girls play 41 votes were invalid. The elected contestant got 314 votes
badminton. There are only two games to be played. The more than the other candidate. If the elected candidate got
number of students who don’t play any game is : 45% of the total eligible votes, which is equal to the no. of
(a) 10% (b) 36% all the students of the college. The individual votes of each
(c) 46% (d) can’t be determined candidate are :
(a) 2250 and 1936 (b) 3568 and 3254
2 A fraction in reduced form is such that when it is squared
(c) 2442 and 2128 (d) 2457 and 2143
and then its numerater is increased by 25% and the
denominator is reduced to 80% it results in 5/8 of the 5 The annual earning of Mr. Sikkawala is ` 4 lakhs per
original fraction. The product of the numerator and annum for the first year of his job and his expenditure was
denominator is : 50%. Later on for the next 3 years his average income
(a) 6 (b) 12 increases by ` 40,000 per annum and the saving was 40%,
(c) 10 (d) 7 30% and 20% of the income. What is the percentage of his
total savings over the total expenditure if there is no any
3 In the Chidambaram’s family the ratio of expenses to the
interest is applied on the savings for these four years?
savings is 5 : 3. But his expenses is increased by 60% and 37
income increases by only 25% thus there is a deficit of (a) 49 %
87
` 3500 in the savings. The increased income of 73
Mr. Chidambaram’s family is : (b) 41 %
83
(a) ` 35,000 (b) ` 28,000 (c) 53%
(c) ` 25,000 (d) ` 18,500 (d) none of the above
Percentages 291

6 In an election only two candidates contested 20% of the Directions (for Q. Nos. 13 to 14) Pati, Patni and Woh (the three
voters did not vote and 120 votes were declared as invalid. persons) were playing a game. At the begining of the game Pati
The winner got 200 votes more than his opponents thus he and Patni together had 100% more money than Woh. Patni and
secured 41% votes of the total voters on the voter list. Woh together had 300% more than Pati. By the end of the game
Percentage votes of the defeated candidate out of the total Pati and Patni together had 100% more money than Woh had and
votes casted is : Pati had 12.5% less money than Patni and Woh together had.
(a) 47.5% (b) 41% Finally Pati gained ` 800 by the end of the game.
(c) 38% (d) 45%
13 Who has suffered the loss?
Directions (for Q. Nos. 7 to 9) Pujari ji, the chief of a temple’s (a) Patni (b) Woh
trust, has a beautiful daughter Nirjala and a son in law, Radhey. (c) Patni and Woh both (d) Can’t be determined
Pujarin, the wife of Pujari ji, lives her own life by receiving the 14 The percentage change of money of Patni is :
alms from the devotees and receives 9.09% earning of her husband (a) 40% (b) 30% (c) 57.1428% (d) 42.857%
and the daughter together. The earning of Nirjala in each month is
` 8000 less than her husband Radhey. The earning of Pujari ji and 15 The raw material and manufacturing cost formed
Radhey together is ` 30,000 per month. The earning of Radhey individually 70% and 30% of the total cost and the profit
and Nirjala together is ` 133.33% greater than that of Pujari ji. percentage is 14.28% of the raw material. If the cost of raw
material increase by 20% and the cost of manufacturing is
7 The average earning of each Pujari ji., Nirjala and Radhey is increased by 40% and the selling price is increased by 80%,
(a) ` 13333.33 (b) ` 888.88 then the new profit percentage is :
(c) ` 15,000 (d) none of these (a) 57% (b) 65.8%
8 What is the earning of Pujarin from the alms? (c) 60% (d) can’t determined
(a) ` 1800 (b) ` 2000 16 A, B, C and D purchased a cine-multiplex for ` 56 lakhs. The
(c) ` 3600 (d) Can’t be determined contribution of B, C and D together is 460% that of A,
9 The earning of Radhey is how much per cent greater than alone.The contribution of A, C and D together is 366.66%
that of his wife? that of B’s contribution and the contribution of C is 40% that
(a) 50% (b) 80% of A, B and D together. The amount contributed by D is
11 (a) 10 lakh (b) 12 lakh (c) 16 lakh (d) 18 lakh
(c) 47 % (d) none of these
13 17 In a village three people contested for the post of village
10 A sales executive gets 20% bonus of the total sales value Pradhan. Due to their own interest, all the voters voted and
and 10% commission besides the bonus on the net profit no one vote was invalid. The losing candidate got 30%
after charging such commission. If the total sales value be votes. What could be the minimum absolute margin of
` 10 lakh per annum and the total profit of the company be votes by which the winning candidate led by the nearest
` 1.32 lakh, then his total earning per annum will be, given rival, if each candidate got an integral per cent of votes?
that he is not entitled to receive any fixed salary from the (a) 4 (b) 2
company (c) 1 (d) none of these
(a) 2.3 lakh 18 Every day a mango seller sells half his stock, 10% of the
(b) 3.2 lakh stock overnight gets spoiled. If 1983 mangoes rotted over
(c) 2.32 lakh 3 nights then how many did he start with on the first day?
(d) 2.12 lakh (a) 25,000 (b) 24,000 (c) 30,000 (d) 32,000
11 Mr Scindia after selling 5.5% stock at ` 92 releases 19 A man lost half of his initial amount in the gambling after
1 playing 3 rounds. The rule of gambling is that if he wins he will
` 32200. Then he invested of the amount in 4.5% stock at
3 receive ` 100, but he has to give 50% of the total amount after
2 each round. Luckily he won all the three rounds. The initial
` 92, of the amount at ` 115 in 5% stock and the
5 amount with which he had started the gambling was :
remaining in 6% stock at ` 56. The change in his income is : 500 700
(a) (b) (c) 300 (d) 600
(a) ` 56 loss (b) ` 78 profit 3 3
(c) ` 80 profit (d) ` 70 loss
20 In a factory there are three types of Machines M 1, M 2 and
12 Each edge of a cube is increased by 20% then the M 3 which produces 25% , 35%, and 40% of the total
percentage increase in surface area of the cube is : products respectively. M 1, M 2 and M 3 produces 2%, 4%
(a) 144% (b) 40% and 5% defective products, respectively. What is the
(c) 44% (d) 72.8% percentage of non-defective products?
(a) 89% (b) 97.1% (c) 96.1% (d) 86.1%
292 QUANTUM CAT
21 A company has 12 machines of equal efficiency in its factory. 27 In the above question in which year the no. of goats was
The annual manufacturing expenses are ` 24,000 and the minimum?
establishment charges are ` 10,000. The annual output of the (a) 2000 (b) 2001
company is ` 48,000. The annual output and manufacturing (c) 2002 (d) 2004
costs are directly proportional to the no. of machines while the
share holders get the 10% profit, which is directly proportional Directions (for Q. Nos. 28 to 30) In the IGNOU (Indira Gandhi
to the annual output of the company. If 8.33% machines National Open University) there are total 16,000 students
remained close throughout the year. Then the percentage pursuing MBA, which offers the specialization only in Finance,
decrease in the amount of Share holders is HR and Marketing. IGNOU accepts only Science, Commerce and
(a) 16.66% (b) 14.28% Engineering students for the two years course of MBA. The
(c) 8.33% (d) none of these number of Science students is 166.66% of the Commerce students.
Number of Engineering students is equal to the number of Science
22 In every month Ravindra consumes 25 kg rice and 9 kg and Commerce students together.
wheat. The price of rice is 20% of the price of wheat and Each student can specialize in only one of the marketing, HR and
thus he spends total ` 350 on the rice and wheat per Finance. 20% of Science students opted the Finance, which is
month. If the price of wheat is increased by 20% then what 16.66% less than the no. of Commerce students who opted
is the percentage reduction of rice consumption for the Finance. The total Finance students is equal to 18% the total
same expenditure of ` 350? Given that the price of rice and strength of the MBA students. 32% of Science students opted HR.
consumption of wheat is constant. Commerce students who opted HR is equal to 25% of total students
(a) 36% (b) 40% (c) 25% (d) 24% specializing in Finance and Engineering students equal to 6.5% of
23 My friend Siddhartha Ghosh is working in the Life the total strength of the MBA students opted HR.
Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). He was hired on the 28 The number of Engineering students who opted marketing is
basis of commission and he got the bonus only on the first (a) 7850 (b) 7500
years commission. He got the policies of ` 2 lakh having (c) 8850 (d) none of these
maturity period of 10 year. His commission in the first
29 The percentage of Commerce students who opted HR over
second, third, fourth and for the rest of the years is 20%,
the total strength of the MBA students is :
16% 12% 10% and 4% respectively. The bonus is 25% of
(a) 6.6% (b) 42.5%
the commission. If the annual premium is ` 20,000 then
(c) 4.5% (d) 62.5%
what is his total commission if the completion of the
maturity of all the policies is mandatory? 30 The most preferable course among the MBA students is :
(a) ` 17,400 (b) ` 23, 600 (c) ` 15,000 (d) ` 15,500 (a) Finance (b) HR
(c) Marketing (d) I. T and systems
Directions (for Q. Nos. 24 and 25) DELL Computer has two
branches : One in Ohio and second in Texas : The total no. of 31 P % of the students of a class passed the exam. g% of the
employees in Ohio office grew this year by 25% to 750 but the passed students are girls and b% of the fail students are
ratio of male to female employees is same as in the previous year. boys. The percentage of passed boys over the failed girls is:
The no. of employees in the Texas office grew this year by 9.09% to  bg 
1200. The ratio of male to female employees last year in the Texas (a)  × 100
 p 
office was 5 : 6 and the no. of male employees in the Ohio office
was 20% less than that of Texas office. 100 (100 − g ). p
(b)
(100 − p)(100 − b)
24 The total no. of female employees this year in both the offices (100 − g )(100 − b)
is : (c)
(100 − p)
(a) 654 (b) 546
(c) 950 (d) can’t be determined (d) none of the above

25 The total no. of employees in both the offices last year was : 32 In the Polo hospital some patients who were suffering from
(a) 1500 (b) 1700 the Hepatites-B were admitted for the treatment , but 9%
(c) 1650 (d) can’t be detemined of the patients were died within half an hour. After
treatment, the percentage of patients cured out of the
26 A shepherd had n goats in the year 2000. In 2001 the no. of
remaining was only 80%. Out of these patients only 70%
goats increased by 40%. In 2002 the no. of goats declined
are completely cured out and the remaining were partially
to 70%. In 2003 the no. of goats grew by 30%. In 2004, he
cured out which were equal to 153 patients. The no. of
sold 10% goats, then he had only 34,398 goats. The
percentage increase of the no. of goats in this duration patients (approx.) who were admitted for the treatment for
was : the same was :
(a) 14.66% (b) 16.66% (c) 20% (d) 33.33% (a) 400 (b) 678 (c) 560 (d) 700
Percentages 293

33 The total cost of setting up a sugar cane factory is `1 crore, 39 The prepaid card of Reliance Infocom gives 19% less
which produces 5000 ton per annum. Sugar is being sold at talktime than the prepaid card of Tata Indicom, having
` 18 per kg. Manufacturing cost including raw material is ` same price. Again the post-paid card of same price of Tata
3.2 per kg, labour and packing charges are ` 1.8 per kg. Indicom gives 10% less talktime than its prepaid card.
Maintenance and utilities expenses are ` 2 per kg and the Similarly the post paid card of same price of Reliance gives
general expenses (ie all the rest charges) are ` 3 per kg, 11.11% less talk time than its prepaid card. How much per
20% taxes are being paid of the gross annual earnings, then cent less talk time we get from the Reliance post paid card
the net profit of the production of the factory per annum is : than the post paid card of Tata Indicom?
(a) ` 4.2 crore (b) ` 3.2 crore (a) 21.11% (b) 20%
(c) ` 5.4 crore (d) none of these (c) 30.11% (d) none of these
34 A student appeard in the Mock CAT. The test paper 40 In the half yearly exam only 70% of the students were
contained 3 sections namely QA, DI and VA. The passed. Out of these (passed in half yearly) only 60%
percentage marks in VA was equal to the average of the student are passed in annual exam. Out of those who did
percentage marks in all the 3 sections. Coincidentally, if we not pass the half yearly exam, 80% passed in annual exam.
reverse the digits of the percentage marks of QA we get the What per cent of the students passed the annual exam ?
percentage marks of DI. The percentage marks in VA (a) 42% (b) 56%
scored by the student could be : (c) 66% (d) none of these
(a) 48 (b) 66 41 The marks obtained by the students of a school is given
(c) 69 (d) 81 below : maximum marks are 50.
35 The pressure of a definite mass of a gas is directly
Marks Percentage of Students
proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional
to the volume under the given conditions. If temperature is < 10 15%
increased by 40% and the volume is decreased by 20% then < 20 32%
the new pressure will:
< 30 40%
(a) be increased by 75% (b) reduce to 25%
(c) be increase by 20% (d) increase by 28% < 40 70%
< 50 100%
36 A computer typist types a page with 20 lines in 10 minutes
but he leaves 8% margin on the left side of the page. Now The ratio of no. of boys to no. of girls who passed the
he has to type 23 pages with 40 lines on each page which exam is 7 : 6. It is known that a student can pass the
he leaves 25% more margin than before. How much time is exam only when he obtained at least 20 marks in the
now required to type these 23 pages? exam. The total no. of students in the school if the no. of
1 2 girls who are passed is 408 :
(a) 7 hrs (b) 7 hrs
2 3 (a) 1100 (b) 1200
1 (c) 1300 (d) 1430
(c) 23 hrs (d) 3.916 hrs
2
Direction (for Q. Nos. 42 to 45) After defeating Ravana, Ram
37 A company made a cuboidal box of size 16 × 12 × 5 to sell and his family won a lot of valuable assets in the war. It consists of
the ice cream, but later on it was found that the capacity of horses, chariots and some land of Ravans’s kingdom. The cost of
the box was 14.28% less than the required capacity while each horse and chariot was ` 20,000 and ` 8,000 respectively
the height of the box was correct, which is 5 inches. As per while the cost of 1 acre land was ` 5000. All the property was
the requirement he had to increase the length and breadth shared among the four persons in such a way that Ram and Sita
of the box in equal amount then the percentage increase in got together the same wealth as Laxman and Urmila got together.
the area of the base of the box is Ram got more than Sita and Laxman got more than Urmila. Ram
(a) 12.5% (b) 6.66% got 1/ 3 rd horses and 20% chariots while Laxman received
(c) 16.66% (d) none of these 50%chariots as the 50% of his total wealth. The no. of horses that
Ram and Sita got together was 50% more than that of Laxman and
38 In Sabarmati Express, there are as many wagons as there
Urmila together had. Sita got 8 horses and Urmila got 7 horses but
are the no. of seats in each wagon and not more than one
the Ram and Sita got equal no. of Chariots and Urmila got 20
passanger can have the same berth (seat). If the
chariots less than that of Laxman. Urmila got twice the land than
middlemost compartment carrying 25 passangers is filled that of Sita but 20% less than Laxman.
with 71.428% of its capacity, then find the maximum no. of
passangers in the train that can be accommodated if it has 42 What is the difference between the wealth of Ram and
minimum 20% seats always vacant. wealth of Urmila?
(a) 500 (b) 786 (a) 1.2 lakh (b) 1 lakh
(c) 980 (d) can’t be determined (c) 1.4 lakh (d) can’t be determined
294 QUANTUM CAT
43 If Laxman wanted to exchange all his chariots with the and 60% of the boys who appeared for the interview of
horses, then who can exchange with his/her horses in IIM-B failed. If it is possible that a candidate can receive the
terms of wealth? calls from more than one IIMs but he/ she can face the
(a) Ram (b) Sita interview of only one IIM.
(c) Urmila (d) can’t be determined Given that only 24 boys from our coaching institute were
selected by the IIM-A and IIM-B also a candidate can
44 The wealth of Urmila is how many per cent less than that of appear for the next stage only if he/she qualifies the
Laxman? previous stage of the exam, then find the no. of girls who
(a) 42% (b) 45% qualified the CAT (Common Admission Test).
(c) 35% (d) none of these (a) 100 (b) 250 (c) 300 (d) 600
45 The wealth due to land and chariot together is how much 48 In an office there were initially n employees. The HR
greater, in per cent, than the wealth due to horses? manager first hired P % employees then after a month q%
(a) 25% (b) 20% employees left the office, then there were finally n
(c) 33.33% (d) none of these
employees remained in the office, the value of p − q is :
46 A big cube is formed by rearranging the 160 coloured and pq
(a) pq (b)
56 non-coloured similar cubes in such a way that the 100
exposure of the coloured cubes to the outside is minimum. p
(c) (d) none of these
The percentage of exposed area that is coloured is: q
(a) 25.9% (b) 44.44%
49 In the Garbar Jhala, Aminabad a shopkeeper first raises the
(c) 35% (d) none of these
price of a Jewellery by x % then he decreases the new price
47 Selection into IIMs (Indian Institutes of Management) is by x %. After one such up down cycle, the price of a
quite simple. In our coaching institute some students Jewellery decreased by ` 21025. After a second updown
qualified CAT (The first stage of entrance into IIMs) but cycle the jewellery was sold for ` 484416. What was the
coincidentally the no. of boys who qualified the CAT was original price of the jewellery?
equal to the no. of girls. Besides these boys and girls got the (a) ` 5,00,000 (b) ` 6,00,625
calls from only IIM Ahamedabad and IIM Bangalore, but (c) ` 5,25,625 (d) ` 5,26,000
each of these from both the IIMs. 60% of the boys failed in
the group discussion (the second phase of the selection 50 The amount of work in a leather factory is increased by
process) and thus equal no of boys (but distinct) appeared 50%. By what per cent is it necessary to increase the
for the personal interview of IIM-A and IIM-B (interview is number of workers to complete the new amount of work in
the third and final stage of selection of a candidate) but previously planned time, if the productivity of the new
20% of the boys who appeared for the interview of IIM-A labour is 25% more.
(a) 60% (b) 66.66% (c) 40% (d) 33.33%

LEVEL 03 > Final Round

Directions (for Q. Nos. 1 to 3) The bar graph shown below 1 The growth rate of Finance compared to that of marketing
reveals the data about the no. of students in different disciplines of is:
MBA at a prominent Business School in India. (a) less
(b) equal
(c) greater
(d) none of the above
2 Total no. of MBA students in the session of 2004-05 if the
no. of students in 2004-2005 is increasing by 9.09% over
the previous year :
(a) 555 (b) 600
(c) 777 (d) none of these
3 In the session of 2002-03 what percentage of MBA students
are studying International Business?
(a) 13.33% (b) 25%
(c) 6.66% (d) 24%
Percentages 295

Directions (for Q. Nos. 4 to 7) The following table gives the sales Directions (for Q. Nos. 11 to 14) Answer the questions based on
details of the books for CAT written by Sarvesh. the following information, which gives data about certain butter
producer companies in India.
Quant. Data Verbal Log.
Year Production Capacity Sales Total sales
Aptitude Interpretation Ability Reasoning Name of the
(’000) Utilisa- (’000) value
Company
2000 4000 3750 4140 4350 tonnes tion (%) tonnes (in crore)
2001 4200 3870 4260 4400 Amul 1.54 59.35 1.47 17.45
2002 4370 3990 4255 4500 Nestle 1.64 64.80 1.26 15.25
2003 4268 3868 5371 4690 Parag 2.48 71.20 2.03 26.75
2004 4750 4900 5476 4710 Amrit 2.97 76.50 2.55 31.15
2005 4800 5000 5500 4800
Total
4 What is the growth rate of sales of Quantitative Aptitude (including 11.60 61.30 10.67 132.80
from 2000 to 2005? others)
(a) 8% (b) 25% 11 What is the maximum production capacity (in ’000 tonnes)
(c) 20% (d) 40% of Nestle for Butter?
5 Which of the categories shows the lowest growth rate from (a) 2.53 (b) 2.07 (c) 2.84 (d) 2.97
2000 to 2005? 12 Which company out of the four companies mentioned
(a) Q.A (b) DI above has the maximum unutilised capacity in (’000
(c) VA (d) LR tonnes)?
6 Which category had the highest growth rate in the period? (a) Amul (b) Nestle (c) Parag (d) Amrit
(a) QA (b) DI 13 What is the approximate total production capacity
(c) VA (d) LR (in ’000 tonnes) for butter in India?
(a) 7.8 (b) 18.9
7 Which of the categories had either a consistent growth or
(c) 11.60 (d) Data insufficient
consistent decline in the period shown?
(a) QA (b) DI (c) VA (d) LR 14 What per cent of the total market share (by sales value) is
controlled by others?
Directions (for Q. Nos. 8 to 10) In India there were only three
(a) 32% (b) 83%
bicycle making companies in the given period. The following table
(c) 67% (d) Data insufficient
shows the production of units (in 000)
Directions (for Q. no. 15 to 19) The following pie chart shows the
Year HERO ATLAS AVON
hourly distribution of all the major activities of a student.
1990 2.97 1.75 3.77
Home work
91 4.22 2.48 4.55
92 5.95 3.14 4.5 School
93 6.28 3.01 4.76 Games 45°
94 6.33 4.12 4.74 105°
30°
95 8.50 4.21 4.26 120°
60°

UPTREND IN BICYCLES PRODUCTION IN INDIA

Others
8 The simple average rate of growth of production of Hero Sleeping
cycles from 1990-95 :
(a) 37% (b) 42% (c) 27% (d) 31.5% 15 The percentage of time which he spends in school is :
(a) 38% (b) 30% (c) 40% (d) 25%
9 Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
(i) Atlas cycles have recorded the fastest growth rate. 16 How much time (in per cent) he spends in games in
(ii) Total bicycles production was the highest in 1993. comparison to sleeping?
(iii) Hero cycles on an average account for 48% of total (a) 30% (b) 40%
bicycles production (c) 25% (d) none of these
(a) I only (b) II only 17 If he spends the time in games equal to the home work and
(c) III only (d) none of these remains constant in other activities, then the percentage
10 Atlas cycles on an average account for what percentage of decrease in time of sleeping :
the total bicycles production : (a) 15% (b) 12.5%
(a) 15% (b) 23.4% (c) 34.5% (d) 29% (c) 20% (d) none of these
296 QUANTUM CAT
18 What is the difference in time (in hours) spends in school 23 Which of the following can’t be deduced from the given
and in home work? data :
(a) 2 (b) 3 (a) The angular difference between Samsung TV and
(c) 4 (d) 8 Electrolux refrigerator is 3.6°.
(b) Sony is the market leader in the TV and Refrigerator
19 If he spends 1 rd time of home work in Mathematics then
segment combined.
3
the no. of hours spends in rest of the subjects in homework (c) For every ` 100 turnover of Whirlpool Refrigerator, the
(a) 1 (b) 2 difference in the turnover of Electrolux and Samsung
(c) 3 (d) 4 Refrigerator is ` 33.34 crore.
(d) none of the above
Directions (for Q. Nos. 20 to 23) The two pie charts show the
market share of different companies which produces TV and Directions (for Q. Nos. 24 to 28) Number of different colleges in
Refrigerator (both) in the first quarter of 2005-06. India in different years is given in the graph below. Distribution of
different colleges in the years 1980 and 1990 shown in the pie
LG
charts below :
Others Samsung
7
14 12 60000
60,000
50000 52,000
Sony 19
18 Electrolux 40000
3
30000 32,000
16 11
Whirpool
20000
Aiwa Godrej
T.V. 10000 12,000
Aiwa 5,000
Electrolux 0
LG 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
12
8 13
Medical
Godrej 16 15 Sony 11

6 Management
11 19 13
Whirlpool
Samsung
Others 20
REFRIGERATOR Engineering 56

NOTE The graph is not shown to scale. General

(1980)
20 The difference in the angle subtended by Sony TV and
refrigerator is : General
(a) 7.2° (b) 14.4°
(c) 21.6° (d) none of these
50
21 If the turn over of Samsung TV is ` 31 crores and of
Samsung refrigerator is ` 9 crores, then what is the overall
25 9 Medical
market share of Electrolux TV and refrigerater combined?
Engineering
(a) 33.33% (b) 28%
(c) 16.7% (d) 65% 16

22 If the turnover in the first quarter of 2005-06 of Electrolux

TV and Refrigerator is ` 42 crores and ` 6 crores Management
(1990)
respectively, then what is the average annual turnover of
Godrej and Aiwa in both the product categories together?
(a) ` 304 crores NOTE General courses include all the courses except Medical,
(b) ` 284 crores Engineering and management.
(c) ` 178 crores
(d) none of the above
Percentages 297

24 What is percentage increase in the number of colleges from 27 Till 1990 what was the highest increase in the number of
1960 to 1990? colleges in any decade?
(a) 1000% (b) 940% (c) 1040% (d) 470% (a) 150% (b) 166.66%
(c) 200% (d) 140%
25 The growth rate of no. of medical colleges in 1980 to 1990 is
(a) 33% (b) 52% (c) 36% (d) 39% 28 If the projected increase in the number of colleges in 2000
over 1990 is to be the same in all the categories of colleges,
26 By what percentage did the no. of Engineering colleges go
the percentage of Medical colleges in 2000 will be :
up from 1960 to 1970?
(a) 9% (b) 11%
(a) 38% (b) 28%
(c) 7% (d) 13%
(c) 42% (d) cann’t of be determind

Directions (for Q. Nos. 29 to 33) Answer the questions based on the following information. The following table gives the tariff (in paise
per kilo-litre) levied by the Lucknow jal Nigam in 2003-04 in four sectors and the region within them. (Each sector is divided in 5 regions).
The table gives the percentage change in the tariff as compared to 2000-01.

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Region 4 Region 5

P/kl % P/kl % P/kl % P/kl % P/kl %
Sector 1 1000 + 25 400 + 14.28 250 − 16.66 625 + 4.166 720 + 20%
Sector 2 800 + 33.33 375 + 7.14 350 − 12.5 750 + 7.14 360 − 10
Sector 3 625 − 16.66 525 − 12.5 400 + 14.28 240 − 4% 320 − 20
Sector 4 575 − 4.166 800 − 20% 500 − 16.66 360 + 20% 400 − 11.11

29 If the amount of water consumed by the various regions in conducted a survey among 10,000 person in Kanpur :
sector 1 is the same, then as compared to 2000-01 the net House wives
tariff in 2003-04 : Business men
2%
(a) increased by 20% (b) increased by 13% 10%
(c) decreased by 12% (d) decreased by 20% Govt. servants
13%
30 What was the approximate average tariff in region 2 in Students 45%
2000-01?
(a) 450 (b) 675 (c) 575 (d) 525
30%
Directions (for Q. Nos. 31 to 33) The Lucknow Jal Nigam
Professionals
supplies the water under four categories : Urban (25%) rural
(15%) domestic (40%) industrial (20%). In 2003-04, the total
water supplied by the Lucknow Jal Nigam was 20,000 kilo-litres. It was observed that some people have more than one bike but
from only one company i.e., a particular person can have more
31 If in 2003-04, there was a 20% decrease in the domestic than one bike of Hero Honda, but not from bajaj etc. and vice
consumption of water as compared to that in 2000-01 what versa. Thus there were total 12,000 bikes with 10,000 persons
was the consumption of water in the industrial sector in used for survey. There are only four companies operating in this
2000-01? market.
(a) 5,000 kl (b) 7500 kl (c) 10,000 kl (d) 6000 kl
LML
32 In the given two years, what is the total tariff paid by the
Urban sector? 10%
(a) ` 16,000 (b) ` 48,000 SUZUKI
10%
(c) ` 23,000 (d) can't be determined
Hero 55%
33 Which of the following statements is true? Honda
(a) The average tariff in region 2 is 625 25%
Bajaj
(b) The average tariff in region 4 is greater than the
average tariff in region 5
(c) In 2000-01 the industrial sector contributed about 30%
of the total revenue from water supply
(d) none of the above

Directions (for Q. Nos. 34 to 37) A marketing company 34 If each of Students, Govt. Servants and housewives use a
298 QUANTUM CAT
Hero Honda bike (motorcycle), what per cent of the Directions (Q. Nos. 43 to 50) Solve the following questions on
remaining people drive Hero Honda bike? the basis of given data in the following table :
(a) 15% (b) 25%
Production of Rice in India
(c) 20% (d) none of these
Year Quantity Percentage change over
35 If the number of people who drive one, two and three bikes
(in tonnes) the previous year
are in the ratio 15 : 3 : 1 what is the number of people in the
survey who do not drive even a single bike? 1920-21 1,34,300 + 06.25%
(a) 750 (b) 400 (c) 600 (d) 500 1930-31 10,97,172 + 12.50%
1940-41 2,64,280 + 11.11%
36 If all the persons driving more than one bike drive only
Hero Honda what is the number of people who drive single 1950-51 1,27,890 − 09.09%
Hero Honda bike (the data can be used from previous 1960-61 2,01,924 + 20.00%
question if necessary)? 1970-71 1,12,325 − 16.66%
(a) 2400 (b) 2100 (c) 4200 (d) 2600 1980-81 2,13,465 − 25.00%
37 If 20% of the persons who drive Bajaj’s bike also drive 1990-91 1,69,368 + 33.33%
another bike. What is the number of people who drive only 2000-01 100,956 + 50.00%
Bajaj’ bike ? 2010-11 23,800 − 83.33%
(a) 2400 (b) 2500
(c) 2660 (d) none of these 43 What is the production of rice in 1959-60?
(a) 1,84,250 (b) 1,68,270
Directions (for Q. Nos. 38 to 42) A table below shows the
(c) 242308.8 (d) none of these
production and imports of crude oil (in '000 tonnes). Domestic
production of crude oil is total of on-shore and off-shore 44 What is the production of rice in 1949-50?
production, which is supplemented by imports to meet the total (a) 116263.63 (b) 1,23,460
demand of crude oil in the country. (c) 1,40,679 (d) none of these
Year 2001 2002 2003 45 What is the total production of rice in 1919-20 and 1929-30
On shore 12,000 11,500 11,000 and 1939-40 ?
Off shore 11,000 19,000 16,000 (a) 13,26,400 (b) 13,39,516
Imports 30,000 (c) 1142693.75 (d) can’t be determined
21,000 24,000
(in ’000 tonnes)
46 The production of rice in 2000-01 forms what percentage
of total production out of the given years?
38 What was the percentage of domestic production of crude (a) 3.12% (b) 3.23%
oil over imports in 2001? (c) 4.128% (d) 6.45%
(a) 80% (b) 140%
(c) 109.52% (d) none of these 47 What is the difference in production of rice in 1969-70 and
1979-80 ?
39 What was the percentage change in domestic production of (a) 149830
crude oil from 2001-2003 ? (b) 175752
(a) 14% (b) 27% (c) 17.4% (d) − 10% (c) 53,890
40 What is the average of total demand of crude oil over the (d) none of these
period? 48 The percentage decrease in production of rice from
(a) 185 million tonnes (b) 52 million tonnes
1929-30 to 1949-50?
(c) 18.5 million tonnes (d) 35 million tonnes
(a) 88.3% (b) 85.57%
41 What was the approx-percentage increase in imports of (c) 66.66% (d) none of these
crude oil from 2001 to 2003?
49 The production of rice in 1959-60 is what percentage of
(a) 49% (b) 65% (c) 43% (d) none of these
rice in 1960-61?
42 If in the year 2004, off-shore production declines by 12.5% (a) 86.66% (b) 75.6% (c) 83.33% (d) 16.66%
production on-shore remains the same and total demand
increases by 2% what will be the imports of crude oil in 2004? 50 Out of the given years which year has shown least increase
(a) 33.14 million tonnes (b) 63 million tonnes (in amount) over the previous year?
(c) 39 million tonnes (d) 25 million tonnes (a) 1940-41 (b) 1960-61
(c) 1920-21 (d) 2000-01
 Answers
Introductory Exercise 5.1
1. (i) 5%, (ii) 15.625, (iii) 33.33%, (iv) 24%, (v) 20%, (vi) 150%, (vii) 66.66%, (viii) 43.75%
2. (i) 4%, (ii) 75%, (iii) 6.25%, (iv) 33.33%, (v) 0.4166%, (vi) 7.5%
1
3. 85.33% 4. 70% 5. 97% 6. 150% 7. 33 % 8. 90% 9. 12.5% 10. 4%
3
Level 01 Basic Level Exercise
1 (b) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 (d) 10 (c)
11 (b) 12 (d) 13 (d) 14 (b) 15 (c) 16 (b) 17 (a) 18 (b) 19 (c) 20 (a)
21 (c) 22 (b) 23 (c) 24 (d) 25 (d) 26 (b) 27 (a) 28 (c) 29 (b) 30 (c)
31 (b) 32 (c) 33 (a) 34 (b) 35 (b) 36 (c) 37 (b) 38 (c) 39 (b) 40 (c)
41 (c) 42 (b) 43 (a) 44 (d) 45 (a) 46 (c) 47 (d) 48 (d) 49 (b) 50 (c)
51 (c) 52 (b) 53 (c)
Level 02 Higher Level Exercise
1 (d) 2 (c) 3 (a) 4 (d) 5 (d) 6 (d) 7 (a) 8 (d) 9 (b) 10 (d)
11 (c) 12 (c) 13 (a) 14 (c) 15 (a) 16 (d) 17 (c) 18 (b) 19 (b) 20 (c)
21 (b) 22 (a) 23 (a) 24 (d) 25 (b) 26 (a) 27 (c) 28 (d) 29 (c) 30 (c)
31 (b) 32 (d) 33 (b) 34 (b) 35 (a) 36 (a) 37 (c) 38 (c) 39 (b) 40 (c)
41 (c) 42 (a) 43 (a) 44 (c) 45 (b) 46 (b) 47 (a) 48 (b) 49 (c) 50 (c)

Level 03 Final Round

1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6 (b) 7 (d) 8 (a) 9 (d) 10 (b)
11 (a) 12 (a) 13 (b) 14 (a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (b) 18 (c) 19 (b) 20 (b)
21 (c) 22 (a) 23 (b) 24 (b) 25 (a) 26 (d) 27 (b) 28 (b) 29 (b) 30 (c)
31 (a) 32 (d) 33 (b) 34 (a) 35 (d) 36 (b) 37 (a) 38 (c) 39 (c) 40 (b)
41 (c) 42 (a) 43 (b) 44 (c) 45 (b) 46 (c) 47 (a) 48 (b) 49 (c) 50 (c)
300 QUANTUM CAT
Hints & Solutions
Level 01 Basic Level Exercise
1 F M 7 To minimize the number of employees who earn less than
60 x 40 x ` 8000, we have to maximize the number of employees who
42x 20 x (comp. lit.) earn equal to or greater than ` 8000. We can assume that all
the 21 female employees earn exactly ` 8000 and so, none
62x
of them earn less than ` 8000. However, there are 56 male
42
∴ Female comp. literate = 1600 × = 672 employees who definitely earn less than ` 8000. Therefore,
100
minimum 56 employees must earn less than ` 8000.
2 (10, 00, 000) × 0.75 × 0.80 × 0.85 = ` 5,10, 000
Female Male Total
x y
3 2000 × + 4000 × = 320 30 70 100%
100 100
x y Salary > 8000 9 No data No data
and 2000 × + 10, 000 × = 680 Salary = 8000 21 No data No data
100 100
Salary < 8000 0 56 56
∴ x = 4 and y=6
Salary ≥ 8000 No data 14 No data
∴ x−y=−2
4 Go through option (40 × 0.4) + (40)2 = 1616 Hence, choice (c) is the valid one.
 1616  8 Physics Chemistry
100 × = 4040
 40  Failed 35% 45%
x × 4040 Passed 65% 55%
Alternatively (x × 0.4) + x 2 = Passed in both = 22% of total student
100
⇒ x 2 = 40 x ⇒ x = 40 Percentage of students who are passed in any of the Physics
or Chemistry or both = (65 + 55) − 22 = 98%
Directions for solutions (Q. 5-7) Let us assume that there are So, the percentage of students who are failed in both = 2%
total number of employees at our office is 100.
Therefore total failed (in both the subject) students = 12
Female Male Total 9 History Geography
30 70 100% Pass 70 x 50 x
Salary > 8000 9 No data No data Fail 30 x 50 x
Salary ≤ 8000 21 No data No data
both 20 x
Salary = 8000 No data No data No data
Salary < 8000 No data 56 No data ∴Total failed candidates = (30 x + 50 x ) − 20 x = 60 x
Salary ≥ 8000 No data 14 No data Passed in both = (100 x − 60 x ) = 40 x = 500
Therefore total students = 100 x = 1250 ⇒ x = 25/ 2
5 Since we don’t have the desired data, so we cannot
10 My salary = 100
determine the required value.
Hence, choice (d) is the valid one. Salary of my brother = 110
Salary of my sister = 120
6 To maximize the number of employees who earn more
than ` 8000, we can assume there is no employee who  1300 
Salary of my wife = 230 −  230 ×  = 100
earns exactly ` 8000. So there would be 14 male employees  23 × 100
and 9 female employees who earn more than ` 8000. That
is 9 + 14 = 23 12 1300
Q 56 =
23 23
Female Male Total
60 × 8 + 16 × 30
30 70 100% 11 × 100 = 1.66%
16 × 60 × 60
Salary > 8000 9 14 23
480 x
Salary ≤ 8000 21 No data No data 12 Total land of Sukhiya = = 800 x
Salary = 8000 No data 0 No data 0.6
Salary < 8000 No data 56 No data ∴Cultivated land of village = 384000 x
800 x
∴Required percentage = × 100 = 0.20833%
Hence, choice (b) is the valid one. 384000
Percentages 301

13 Area = l × b ⇒ 4 y − 8 x = 40
1 = 1 × 1 ⇒ 1 = 0.8 × 1.25 and y − x = 85 ⇒ x = 75 and y = 160
∴ x + y = 235
So the area remained constant.
x × 220
14 Cost of fresh Mangoes + Packaging cost = Total cost 22 = 44
100
1 + 0.4 = 1.4 20 × 44
1.3 + 0.2 = 1.5 ⇒ x = 20 So = 8.8
100
0.1 Quantity × Rate = Price
Percentage increase in cost = × 100 = 7.14% 23
1.4
1 ×1 =1
80 66 x 320
15 + + = 0.7 × 1. 25 = 0.875
100 100 200 400
0.125
⇒ x = 174 ⇒ 87% ∴ Decrease in price = × 100 = 12. 5%
1
16 Male Female
55x 45x 24 Go through options
P Q
⇒ 10 x = 72 ⇒ x = 7.2
In the 1st government 275 ← 225 Difference = 50
100 x = 7.2 × 100
17 Let the total votes be x, In the 2nd government 200 ← 300 Difference = 100
Polled votes = 0.75 x Hence, the presumed option (d) is correct.
valid votes = 0.70 x
NOTE It can also be solved through the equation and
A + B + C = 0.70 x variables.
25 Passing marks are 0.6 x
2450
So 0.3x + 30 = 0.6 x ⇒ x = 100
1750
0.4 x 26 Go through options
It means B + C = 0.3x since given that A = 0.4 x Girls Boys
Hence A is the winner. 800 1000
18 Bike Car Now, 0.95 × 800 + 1000 = 0.96 × 1000 + 800
x 5x Hence, the presumed option (b) is correct .
1.2x 5.75x 27 H E U
Initially total cost = 25 x + 10 x = 35 x 0.6 x 0.24 x → 0.16 x
Changed cost = 28.75x + 12 x = 40.75x ↓
5.75 3 3600 → 2400(Q E : U = 24 : 16 = 3 : 2)
Percentage change = × 100 = 16 %
35 7 28 Go through option
20 Go through option 75
S K 25 50
15,000 18,000 ↓ ↓ (60%)
Going in the reverse 20 30
12,000 16,000 direction.
↓
Hence, the presumed option (a) is correct. 50
Alternatively × 100 = 66.66%
75
Sahid Kareena
48x Hence, the presumed option (c) is correct.
4x
25% 9 29 Science Commerce Arts Engineering
5x 6x x x x
+ + K
+120%  6 8 15
48 x x x x
⇒ Initially S : K = 4x : =3:4 No. of Engineering student = 1 −  + +  = k
9  6 8 15
⇒ Sahid’s initial salary = $12000 77 x
=
Sahid’s changed salary = $15000 120
21 Let the smaller number be x and larger number be y. When x = 120 (the least possible number)
0.8 x + 4 = 0.4 y then the no of Engineering students = 77
302 QUANTUM CAT
30 Copper Aluminium 38 Ambani Sahara
7 : 4 Average earning 4x 5x
21 kg 12 kg → 33 kg
No. of family members k l
33
Required total alloy = = 37.5 kg
0. 88 Total earning 6y 5y
31 1.08 x = 1404 Average earning × Number of family members
= Total earning
x = 1300
5y y
Therefore reduction in price = 1404 − 1300 = ` 104 l= =
5x x
 8 
Since 1300 + 1300 × = 1404 6y
 100  k=
4x
So you can solve it by using options. y
32 Very fundamental question. l
Required percentage = × 100 = x × 100
k 6y
33 8 x + 9 x + 10 x = 810 ⇒ x = 30
4x
Total marks in QA → 240 4
= × 100 = 66.66%
DI → 270 6
VA
→ 300 Alternatively After some steps you can use the options.
RC
240 39 Year Value
Now her score in QA → = 200
1.2 2000 100
270 2001 110
Her score in DI = = 250
1.08 2002 121
VA 300 2003 133.1
Her score in = = 280
RC 1.0714 2004 119.79
Her total score = 200 + 250 + 280 = 730 2005 107.811
9 2006 97.0299
34 Commission up to 10000 = 10000 × = 900
100
Again after 10000, Hint (100) × 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.1 × 0.9 × 0.9 × 0.9 = 97.0299
Commission : Bonus 100 − 97.0299
9 : 3 Now, × 100 ≈ 3%
100
⇒ 3x : x
1 40 30 × 25 × 35 = x × 30 × 28
∴ Bonus = (1380 − 900) × = ` 120
4 ⇒ x = 31.25
35 Men Women It means 32 pages.
600 x 400 x So, the percentages increase in the no. of pages
Total Engineer = 480 x 2
= × 100 = 6.66%
Male Engineer = 480 x × 0.66 = 320 x 30
∴Women who are Engineers = 160 x 41 Rate of increase of the price
∴Women who are not Engineers = 400 x − 160 x = 240 x = (rate of inflation + 2)% = 8 + 2 = 10%
240
Required percentage = × 100 = 60% Jan Jan Jan
400 2004 2005 2006
36 Veer Zara 20  20  22 
In the last month 160 100  → +2  → +2.2  24.2
  
After the first change 200 75 Alternatively Expected price after 2 years
After final change 120 120
= 20 × 1.1 × 1.1 = 24.2
37 Time × Rate = Total charges
42 Let the total number of people = x
1 × 1 =1
then the amount donated by 0.6x people
x × 1.25 = 1.1
= 600 × 0.6 x = 360 x
1.1
x= × 100 = 88% Now since ` 360x is equal to 75% of the required amount.
1.25
Hence we need only 25% more amount from the rest of the
Thus decrease in time = 12%
Percentages 303

people i.e., from 0.4 x people NOTE If selling price of shirt is equal to or greater than
120 x the selling price of coat then the C.P. of coat will be equal to
Hence, average requirement = = 300 or less than the C.P. of shirt which is wrong. Hence the only
0.4 x
possible choice is (d).
Alternatively (600 × 0.6 + k × 0.4) 3 = 600 × 0.6
4 48 Since we don’t have sufficient data. Further any value is
⇒ k = 300 possible as the required income tax.
x 49 2004 → 10000 × x % = k
43 By mistake =
10 5
2005 → 16000 × x% = k
Actual value = x × 10 8
5
x but x− x=9
10 x − 8
10 99
% change = × 100 = × 100 = 99% (negative) ⇒ x = 24%
10 x 100
So, the income tax = 2400.
Since actual value is greater than the wrong value
Alternatively 50 Only (c) is correct since it is divisible by 4.
Let the original number of element be x then the new no. of
Actual result = 10 × 10 = 100 (suppose x = 10)
elements will be
10
wrong result = =1 4x
=K
10 5
100 − 1
% change = × 100 = 99% So K must be divisible by 4
100 K ×5
Since, x=
NOTE Percentage error is always calculated on the 4
basis of actual (i.e., correct) value. 51 Go throught option
44 Use some different values for x then verify. Boys Girls Total
200 − 100 14 11 25
Let x = 150 then % error = × 100 = 100% 56 44 100
100 12
150 − 50
Again if x = 100 then % error = × 100 = 200%
50 Since out of 100 students no. of boys are greater than the
Hence, we cannot determine. no. of girls by 12
i.e., 12% Hence correct.
45 Number of visitors × Rate = Revenue collected
1 ×1 =1 Alternatively
–20% +50%
0.8 × 1.5 = 1.2
Let the no. of boys and girls be x and y respectively
Therefore percentage change in the revenue 12 × ( x + y )
then (x − y ) =
1.2 − 1 100
= × 100 = 20%
1 x 14
⇒ =
46 Bata Woodland y 11
M.P 100 100 (Since the marked 2
prices are same)  2 
S.P. 51 51 52 Population after 2 years = 5000 1 + 
 100
NOTE M.P. → Marked price, S.P. → Selling price 51 51
decreased by 49% = reduced to 51% 5000 × × = 5202
50 50
47 Selling price = cost price + profit (100 − z )y
Shirt = 7 y + x ⇒ Coat = 12y + x 53 Daily supply = (100 − z )% of y =
100
Since, the profit is same, so the selling price of shirt will
x × 100
certainly be less than ` 2000 (which is half of the total ∴ Required no. of days =
(100 − z )y
value) as it is clear that cost price of shirt is less than the
cost price of coat.
304 QUANTUM CAT
Level 02 Higher Level Exercise
1. Total Students k + 314 = 0.45x …(2)
(100) Therefore x = 5460
then, 5460 × 0. 85 = 4641
Again 4641 − 41 = 4600
Again k + (k + 314) = 4600
Boys Girls
(60) (40) ⇒ k = 2143 (loser)
and k + 314 = 2457 (winner)
Hockey Badminton Badminton Hockey 5 Income → 4 4.4 4.8 5.2 ] 18.4 lakh
(24) (don’t know (30) (0) Saving → 2 1.76 1.44 1.04] 6.24 lakh
about Exp. → 2 2.64 3.36 4.16] 12.16 lakh
badminton) 6.24 6
So, × 100 = 51 %
Since we do not have information that whether the rest of 12.16 19
the boys playing badminton or not. So we cannot determine 6 Let there be x voters and k votes goes to loser then
the total no. of students who are not playing any of the two 0.8 x − 120 = k + (k + 200)
games. k + 200 = 0.41 x
2 Go through option. Let us assume option (c) ⇒ k = 1440
10 = 2 × 5 = 5 × 2 = 1 × 10 × 10 × 1 and (k + 200) = 1640
2 1440
Consider the proper fraction = Therefore × 100 = 45%
5 3200
[Since the given percentage values are 25% and 20% that’s Solutions (for 7 to 9)
why we have picked up option (c)].
2 4 5 P + R = 30 ,000 …(i)
→ →
5 25 20 N = R − 8000 …(ii)
To verify :
2 5 1
× = =
5 ( R + N ) = 233.3 ( P )
5 8 4 20 ⇒ 3 ( R + N ) = 7P …(iii)
Hence presumed option (c) is correct. ⇒ 6R − 7P = 24 ,000 …(iv)
x x2 1.25 x 2 25 x 2 ∴ R = 18,000
Alternatively → 2→ 2
=
y y 0.8 y 16 y 2 and P = 12,000
25 x 2 5  x x 2 and N = 10,000
Now since =   ⇒ =
16 y 2 8  y y 5 P + R + N 40, 000
7 = = 1333.33
3 Income = Expenditure + Savings 3 3
8x = 5x + 3x 8 Can’t be determined
−x
10 x = 8 x + 2x 8
9 × 100 = 80%
Now the deficit = (3x − 2x ) = x = 3500 10
20 × 10, 00, 000
and ∴ the new salary = 10 x = 35, 000 10 (Bonus) Commission = = 2 lakh
100
Alternatively Go through options.
10
4 Go through options but total profit = net profit + × net profit
100
2457 − 2143 = 314 (True)
Again (2457 + 2143) + 41 = 4641
⇒ 1.32 lakh = 1.1 × net profit
4641
Now → 5460 ⇒ net profit = 1.2 lakh = 1, 20, 000
0.85
5460 × 45 ∴ commission = total profit − net profit
Again = 2457 (True)
100 = 1, 32, 000 − 1, 20, 000 = 12, 000
Hence the presumed option (d) is correct. Hence total earning = 2, 00, 000 + 12, 000 = 2,12, 000
Alternatively Let there be total x eligible voters, and 11 Let Mr. Scindia has x shares of 5.5%
the no. of votes goes to loser is k then x × 92 = 32, 200 ⇒ x = 350 shares
0.85x − 41 = 2 k + 314 …(1) Income = 350 × 5.5 = 1925
Percentages 305

Now, after investment his income is Similarly 4 (A + B + D) = C

 1 32200   2 32200   4 32, 200  ⇒ A + B + D = 2.5C
 × × 4.5 +  × × 5 +  × × 6
3 92  5 115   15 56  ⇒ A + B + C + D = 3.5C
= 525 + 560 + 920 = 2005 ⇒ C = 16 lakh
Profit = 2005 − 1925 = ` 80 Therefore D = ( A + B + C + D ) − ( A + B + C ) = 18 lakh
12 The surface area of a cube = 6a2 = 6 × (side)2 17 Losing candidate = 0.3 x
New surface area = 6 × 1.44 a 2
∴ Other two candidates = 0.7 x
0.44 a2 The share of winning candidate = 0.36 x
∴ × 100 = 44%
a2 and the second ranker = 0.34 x
∴ Margin (min. possible) = 0.02 x ⇒ 2% of x
Solutions (for Q. Nos. 13 and 14)
Let the minimum possible voters be 50 then
Pati → Pt , Patni → Pn, Woh → W
2 × 50
( Pt + Pn ) = 2W …(i) =1
100
( Pn + W ) = 4 Pt …(ii) Hence the minimum possible margin of votes = 1
Solving eqs. (i) and (ii) we get
Pn 7 Pt 3 Day Initial Sales Remaining Rotten Stock for
= and = 18 amount over night next day
W 5 W 5
⇒ Pt : Pn : W = 3 : 7 : 5 I x 0.5x 0.5x 0.05x 0.45x

Again ( Pt + Pn ) = 2W …(iii) II 0.45x 0.225x 0.225x 0.0225x 0.2025x

and ( Pn + W ) × 7 = 8 × Pt …(iv) III 0.2025x 0.10125x 0.10125x 0.010125x

Pn 3 Pt 7
Therefore = , = ∴ Total rotten amount = 0.082625x = 1983
W 5 W 5
⇒ x = 24, 000
⇒ Pt : Pn : W = 7 : 3 : 5
19 Check through option
Gain of Pati = 7x − 3x = 4 x = 800 Alternatively Let the initial amount be x (with
⇒ x = 200 gambler), then
Pati Patni Woh  1  1  1 x 700
Amount at the begining of Game = 600 1400 1000  ( x + 100) + 100 + 100 = ⇒ x =
 2 2  2 2 3
Amount at the end of the game = 1400 600 1000
20 Non-defective products
13 Only Patni has suffered the loss 25 × 0.98 + 35 × 0.96 + 40 × 0.95
× 100 = 96.1
1400 − 600 100
14 × 100 = 57.1428%
1400
No. of Output Manf. Est. cost Total Profit
15 RM + MC = Total cost 21 Machines cost cost

Total cost + Profit = Sale price 12 48,000 24,000 10,000 34,000 14,000
70 + 30 = 100 100 + 10 = 110 11 44,000 22,000 10,000 32,000 12,000
+80%
84 + 42 = 126 126 + 72 = 198 Profit = Output – Total cost
72 = 44, 000 − 32, 000 = 12, 000
Therefore profit % = × 100 = 57.14%
126 10
Initial value of share holders = 14, 000 × = 1400
16 A + B + C + D = 56 100
10
B + C + D = 4.6 A Changed value of share holders = 12, 000 × = 1200
100
⇒ A + B + C + D = 5.6 A (adding A in both sides) 200
56 lakh = 5.6 A % decrease = × 100 = 14.28%
1400
⇒ A = 10 lakh 22 Rice Wheat
11 25 9
Similarly A+C +D= B
3 ×x × 5x
14 25x 45x
⇒ A+B+C +D= B
3 70 x = 350 ⇒ x = 5
⇒ B = 12 lakh Hence the price of Rice = ` 5 per kg
306 QUANTUM CAT
Price of wheat = ` 25 per kg ↓
Now, the price of wheat = ` 30 per kg 637
↓
Let the new amount of Rice be M kg, then
80%
M × 5 + 9 × 30 = 350 ⇒ M = 16 ↓
Hence decrease (in%) of amount of rice 509.6 ≈ 510 persons
25 − 16 ↓
= × 100 = 36%
25 70% (completely cured out)
↓
Year Rate of Commission 357
23 Commission in values ↓
1 20% 0.2 × 20, 000 = 4000 (Partially cured) 153 = (510 − 357 )
25% (bonus) 0.25 × 4000 = 1000 Hence, the presumed option (d) is correct.
2 16% 0.16 × 20, 000 = 3200 33 Total expenditure per kg = 3.2 + 1.8 + 2 + 3 = 10 = cost price
3 12% 0.12 × 20, 000 = 2400 Selling price = ` 18 per kg
4 10% 0.1 × 20, 000 = 2000 Gross profit = ` 8 per kg = (18 − 10)
80
5–10 4% 6 × 0.04 × 20, 000 = 4800 Net profit = 8 × (since 20% is tax) = ` 6.4
100
Total commission Hence the net profit of the factory = 6.4 × 50,00,000
= ` 3, 20, 00, 000 = ` 3.2 crore
= (4000 + 3200 + 2400 + 2000 + 4800) + 1000 = 17, 400
34 Let the percentage marks in QA = (10 a + b)%
Solutions (for Q. Nos. 24 and 25)
Let the percentage marks in DI = (10 b + a)%
OHIO TEXAS Let the percentage marks in VA = x %
(M : F) (M : F) (10 a + b) + x + (10 b + a)
Last year : 600 ← (2 : 1) (5 : 6) → 1100 then =x
3
This year : 750 ← (2 : 1) (unknown) → 1200 11
⇒ 11a + 11b + x = 3x ⇒ x = (a + b)
24 Since we don’t know the number of female employees in 2
the Texas office this year so we can’t determine. Thus the percentage of the VA section is a multiple of 11.
25 1100 + 600 = 1700 35 P1 = k
T
V
26 There is no need to use the no. of goats i.e., (34, 398) let
7 T T 3T
initially there be 1000 goats then −
1. 4T 7T P2 − P1 4 V V 4 V 3
1000 → 1400 → 980 → 1274 → 1146.6 P2 = k =K ; = = =
0.8 4V P1 T T 4
1146. 6 − 1000 V V
Thus the % increase = × 100 = 14.66%
1000 Hence, the new pressure will be increased by 75%.
27 In 2002 (980 goats) as per the flow chart 23 × 40 × 0.90
36 20 × 0.92 ⇒ 10 minutes = 45
Solutions (for Q. Nos. 28 to 30) 20 × 0.92

Optional Science Commerce Engi- Total Thus the required time is 45 times than the previous time
neering 1
Hence, 450 minutes = 7 hrs.
5000 3000 8000 16,000 2
Finance 1000 1200 680 2880 37 Original volume = 16 × 12 × 5 = 960 (inch) 3
HR 1600 720 1040 3360
Required capacity = 1120 (inch)3
Marketing 2400 1080 6280 9760
1120
Increase in area = − 16 × 12 = 224 − 192 = 32 (inch) 2
28 6280 students of Engineering opted marketing. 5
720 32
29 × 100 = 4.5% % increase = × 100 = 16.66%
16, 000 192
30 Marketing, since maximum students have opted marketing. 7
38 The total passengers in each compartment = 25 × = 35
31 Consider some values and then verify the option. 5
32 Go through option : Total no. of seats = (35)2 = 1225
700 80
↓ Maximum available capacity = 1225 × = 980 seats
100
91% = (100 − 9)%
Percentages 307

39 Tata Reliance 42 3.8 − 2.6 = 1.2 lakh

Prepaid 100 81 43 Value of chariots of Laxman = 2 lakh
Postpaid 90 72
90 − 72 Now since only Ram has the horses of worth ` 2 lakh. So
Thus the % decrease in talk time = × 100 = 20% only Ram can exchange with Laxman.
90
7.2 − 6.0
40 Half yearly exam 45 × 100 = 20%
6.0
100
46 Total cubes 160 + 56 = 216
Pass Fail Therefore the side of cube = 6 unit
(70 ) ( 30 ) No. of cubes without any exposure = (6 − 2)3 = 64
Annual exam Thus 64 cubes will be inside of the big cube
70 × 0.6 + 30 × 0.8 Now rest of the cubes = 160 − 64 = 96
1424 3 1424 3
42 24 Again the no. of cubes with one face outside
∴ Total pass in annual exam = 42 + 24 = 66% = 6 × (4 × 4) = 96
41 Percentage of passed students = 68% [100 − 32]% 96
Hence the required percentage = × 100 = 44.44%
216
Number of girls passed the exam = 408
Number of boys passed the exam = 476 47 (Qualified CAT)
↓
Total passed students = 884 x boys and x girls
Therefore total no. of students =
884
× 100 = 1300 ↓
68 (Qualified G.D)
↓
Solution (for Q. Nos. 42 to 45) 0.4x boys
↓
Name Horse Chariot Land Total
(Interview)
(in `)
IIM-A IIM-B
Ram 2 lakh (10) 80,000 (10) 20 acre = 1 lakh 3.8 lakh [ 0.2x 0.2x ] appeared
Sita 1.6 lakh (8) 80,000 (10) 8 acre = 40,000 2.8 lakh ↓ ↓
Laxman 1 lakh (5) 2 lakh (25) 20 acre = 1 lakh 4 lakh Qualified Qualified
Urmila 1.4 lakh (7) 40,000 (5) 16 acre = 80,000 2.6 lakh ↓ ↓
0.8 × 0.2x 0.4 × 0.2x
1. R + S = L + U and R > S and L > U = 0.16 x = 0. 08 x
2. Horses → (R + S ): (L + U ) = 3x : 2x = 18 x : 12 x Total boys qualified the final stage = 0.24%
1 1 Thus 0.24 x = 24 ⇒ x = 100
Again Ram have rd horses. Therefore 30 x × = 10 x
3 3 48 Go through option and consider some appropriate values
Therefore the horse of Sita = 18 x − 10 x = 8 x ⇒ x = 1 Alternatively p
=
q
Therefore the horse of Ram = 10 and Laxman = 5 100 + p 100
K pq
No. of chariots of Sita = No. of chariots of Ram = ⇒ 100 ( p − q) = pq ⇒ ( p − q) =
5 100
K
and no. of chariots of Laxman = 49 Let the original price be P, then the decrease in value of P
2 2
 x 
Hence the no. of chariots of Urmila after one cycle = p   = 21025 …(i)
 100
 K K K K
= K − + +  = Again the final value after second cycle
5 5 2  10
 x   x   x   x 
k k ⇒ P 1 +  1 −  1 +  1 −  = 484416
Again − = 20 ⇒ k = 50 chariots  100  100  100  100
2 10 2
Now the 50%property of Laxman = 25chariots = 2, 00, 000   x  
2
⇒ P 1 −    = 484416 …(ii)
Hence the total property of Laxman = 4, 00, 000  100
 
2, 00, 000 − 5 × 20, 000
Thus the area of Land of Laxman = Dividing eq. (ii) by eq. (i)
5000 2
  x  
2
= 20 acre = (1 lakh)
1 −   
Total property of Urmila  100  484416 2304
= =
= 1, 40, 000 + 40, 000 + 80, 000 = 2, 60, 000  x 
2
21025 100
 
Thus the total property of Laxman and Urmila = 6.6 lakh  100
308 QUANTUM CAT
2 2
 x   x 
1−  Hence, P   = 21025
 100 2304 48  100
⇒ = =
 x  100 10 ⇒ P = 525625
 
 100
50 Men × Time = Work
x 100 × = 100 unit
Let = k, 1
100 150 × 1 = 150 unit
1 − k 2 48
then = Extra man power required = 50 but since new workers are
k 10 5
times as efficient as existing workers.
⇒ 10 k 2 + 48 k − 10 = 0 4
⇒ 5 k 2 − 24 x − 5 = 0 ∴ Actual no. of workers =
50
= 40 men
1 5/ 4
⇒ k = 5 or k = − (inadmissible value)
5 Hence, required percentage
So x = 20% 40
= × 100 = 40%.
100

Level 03 Final Round

1 Growth rate of Finance 9 Growth rate of Hero = 37.23%
125 − 75 2 Growth rate of Atlas = 28.1%
= × 100 = × 100 = 66.66%
75 3 Avon is least which is clear from the data.
Growth rate of Marketing Total bicycle production is highest in 95 hence false
250 − 100 2.97 + 4.22+ … 8.5
= × 100 = 150% Hero cycle’s share = = 43%
100 79.84
2 Total no. of students in 2003-04 is Hence, (d) since none of (a), (b) and (c) is correct.
= (250 + 125 + 100 + 75) = 550 1.75+ 2.48 + … 4.21
10 = 23.4%
No. of student in 2004-05 79.84
 1 1.64
= 550 1 +  = 600 students 11 × 100 = 2.53
 11 64.8
50
3 × 100 12 Amul has max. unutilised capacity
(150 + 100 + 75 + 50)
 1.54 
50 Hint  × 100 − 1.54 = 1.05
= × 100 = 13.33%  59.35 
375
Similarly for others can also be find out
4800 − 4000
4 × 100 = 20% 13
11.6
× 100 ≈ 18.9
4000 61.3
450 42.20
5 × 100 = 10.34%, which is lowest in comparison to 14 × 100 = 31.81%
4350 132.8
others 105 7
Thus the growth rate of logical reasoning book is lowest. 15 × 100 = × 100 = 29.166%
360 24
5000 − 3750 30
6 DI → × 100 = 33.33 16 × 100 = 25%
3750 120
5500 − 4140 15
and VA → × 100 = 32.85% 17 × 100 = 12.5%
4140 120
7 Only LR has consistent growth, others have been fluctuated 18 105 − 45 = 60° = 4 hours
(QA − 2003, DI − 2003, VA − 2002)
19 15° = 1 hour (Maths), 30° = 2 hour (other subjects)
 8.5 – 2.97 
× 100 20 Sony TV → 19%. Sony Refrigerator → 15%
 2.97 
8 = 37.23%
5 difference = 4% = 14.4° (Since 1% = 3.6°)
Percentages 309

2995 − 2650
21  12% → Samsung TV = 31 crore = × 100
 18% → Electrolux TV = 46.5 crore 2650

 100% → Total market = 258 crore 345
 = × 100
2650
11% → Samsung Refrg. = 9 crore
 = 13.01%
 13% → Electrolux Refrg. = 10.6 crore
 30 Sector Tariff % change Tariff 2000–01
 100% → Total market = 81.8 crore 2003–04 over 2000-01

46.5 + 10.6
Market share = ≈ 16.7% Sector 1 400 + 14.28% 350
258 + 81.8
Sector 2 375 + 7.14% 350
22 18% = ` 42 crores, so 27% (= 16 + 11) = ` 63 crore Sector 3 525 −12.5% 600
13% = ` 6 crore, so 28% (= 12 + 16) = ` 13 crore Sector 4 800 −20% 1000
Total ` 76 crores 2100 2300
∴ Annual approx. turnover = 4 × 76 = ` 304 crores
2300
23 (a) (13 − 12) = 1% = 3.6 Average tarrif = = 575
4
(b) We don’t know the turnover of TV and refrigerator
31 In 2003-04 the water consumed by various sectors out of
market for each brand.
20,000 kilo-litres can be given as follow:
(c) 6% total refrigerator market = 100 crore
⇒ Total refrigerator market ≅ 1667 crore Category Percentage Consumption in 2003–04

∴ Difference = 2% of 1667 = 33.34 crore Domestic 40 8,000

Thus, (b) can’t be inffered. Urban 25 5,000
52, 000 − 5, 000 Rural 15 3,000
24 × 100 = 9.4 × 100 = 940% Industrial 20 4,000
5000
11 20,000
25 Medical college in 1980 = × 32, 000 = 3520
100 Since there was a 20% decrease in the domestic
9 consumption in 2003-04 the domestic consumption in
1990 = × 52, 000 = 4680
100 8, 000
2000-01 = = 10, 000 .
4680 − 3520 0.8
∴ × 100 = 32.95%
3520 But this constitutes 40% of total water consumed in
26 We don’t have the information about the proportion 2000-01 and the industrial consumption constitutes 20% of
(share) of Engineering colleges in the given years. total water in 2000-01. Hence in 2000-01 the industrial
20
32, 000 − 12, 000 consumption = 10, 000 × = 5, 000 kilo-liters
27 × 100 = 166.66% 40
12, 000
32 We do not know the category-wise break up of tariffs i.e the
52, 000 × 9
28 Number of medical colleges in 1990 = = 4680 rates of Urban sector is unknown.
100
33 The average of Region
Increase in the total no. of colleges
400 + 375 + 525 + 800
= 60, 000 − 52000 = 8000 2= = 525
4
Increase in the no. of medical colleges = 8000 / 4 = 2000
Therefore, percentage of medical colleges in 2000
Average tariff in Region 4
4680 + 2000 62.5 + 750 + 240 + 360
= × 100 = 11% = = 487.5
60, 000 4
220 + 360 + 320 + 400
29 If the amount of water consumed of sector 1 is the same Average tariff in Region 5 = = 450
then we can directly compare the tariffs to the two years. 4
Statements (c) cannot be determined.
Region Tariff % change Tariff
2000–01 34 Total number of people = 10, 000
2003–04
Business men 10% 1000 LML 1200
Region 1 1000 + 25% 800
Govt. Servant 13% 1300 SUZUKI 1200
Region 2 400 + 14.28% 350
Professionals 30% 3000 BAJAJ 3000
Region 3 250 −16.66% 300
Students 45% 4500 HERO HONDA 6600
Region 4 625 + 4.166% 600
Housewives 2% 200
Region 5 720 + 20% 600
2995 2650 The total number of Hero Honda bikes = 6600.
310 QUANTUM CAT
Total numbers of Government servants housewives and 42 Offshore production in 2004 = 16,000 × 0.875
students = 6000
= 14, 000 thousand tonnes
Total no. of Businessmen and professional = 4000
∴Percentage of remaining (i.e., Businessmen and prof.) Onshore production = 11,000 thousand tonnes
600 Demand in 2004 = 57, 000 × 1.02 = 5814 thousand tonnes
driving Hero Honda = × 100 = 15%
4000 Imports = 33.14 million tonnes (Q1 million = 106)
35 Let the no. of people who drive one two and three bikes be 5
15k, 3k and k respectively. 43 201924 × = 33654 × 5 = 168270
6
Number of bikes which are being driven 11
= 15k + 2 (3k ) + 3 (k ) = 24 k 44 127890 × = 140679
10
Since LML and Suzuki cannot be driven by same person
45 126400 + 975264 + 237852 = 1339516
and a person can drive maximum 3 bikes.
Total bikes which are being used to drive = 12, 000 100956
46 × 100 = 4.128%
∴ 24k = 12, 000 ⇒ k = 500 2445480
Total number of people driving the bikes Alternatively 1 × 100 ≈ 4.16%
= 15 k + 3k + k = 19k = 9500 24

∴ Number of people who do not drive any bike 47 1969 − 70 → 134790

149830
= 10, 000 − 9500 = 500 1979 − 80 → 284620
36 From the previous solution, number of people who drive 48 1929 − 30 → 9,75, 264, 1949 − 50 → 1, 40, 679
more than 1 bike i.e., 2 bikes and 3 bikes are 1500 and 500 975264 − 140679
respectively. These people have total 4500 bikes % decrease = × 100 = 85.57%
975264
(= 1500 × 2 + 500 × 3)
Hence, the remaining Hero Honda bikes 49 1959 − 60 → 1960 − 61
= 6600 − 4500 = 2100 + 20%
168020 → 201924
Thus, the number of persons who drive single Hero Honda
168020
= 2100 Therefore × 100 = 83.33%
201924
37 Since 20% drive other bikes 80% drive only bajaj bike
Alternatively From percentage charge graphic
number of people who drive only Bajaj bike
Increase Decrease
=0.8 × 3000 = 2400
20% 16.66%
11000 + 12000
38 × 100 = 109.52% 1/5 1/6
21, 000
∴ The required value = 83.33% (100 – 16.66%)
27, 000 − 23, 000
39 × 100 = 17. 4% Alternatively x × 6 = k ⇒ x = 5k
23, 000
5 6
40 Demand = Domestic Production + Imports 5k
( x )% = × 100 = 83.33% of k
44 + 54. 5 + 57 6
Average demand = ≈ 52 million tonnes
3 50 Only 7,900 tonnes increase over the 1920 – 21.
30, 000 − 21, 000
41 × 100 ≈ 43%
21, 000