History of the Light Microscope Light microscopes date at least to 1595, when Zacharias Jansen (15801638) of Holland invented

a compound light microscope, one that used two lenses, with the second lens further magnifying the image produced by the first. His microscopes were collapsing tubes used like a telescope in reverse, and produced magnifications up to nine times (9x). Antony van Leeuwenhoek (16321723) invented a simple (one-lens) microscope around 1670 that magnified up to 200x and achieved twice the resolution of the best compound microscopes of his day, mainly because he crafted better lenses. While others were making lenses by such methods as squashing molten glass between pieces of wood, Leeuwenhoek made them by carefully grinding and polishing solid glass. He thus became the first to see individual cells, including bacteria, protozoans, muscle cells, and sperm. Englishman Robert Hooke (16351703) further refined the compound microscope, adding such features as a stage to hold the specimen, an illuminator, and coarse and fine focus controls. Until 1800, compound microscopes designed by Hooke and others were limited to magnifications of 30x to 50x, and their images exhibited blurry edges (spherical aberration) and rainbowlike distortions (chromatic aberration). The most significant improvement in microscope optics was achieved in the nineteenth century, when business partners Carl Zeiss (18161888) and Ernst Abbe (18401905) added the substage condenser and developed superior lenses that greatly reduced chromatic and spherical aberration, while permitting vastly improved resolution and higher magnification. Tissue Preparation The advancement of light microscopy also required methods for preserving plant and animal tissues and making their cellular details more visible, methods collectively called histotechnique (from histo, meaning "tissue"). In brief, classical histotechnique involves preserving a specimen in a fixative, such as formalin, to prevent decay; embedding it in a block of paraffin and slicing it very thinly with an instrument called a microtome; removing the paraffin with a solvent; and then staining the tissue, usually with two or more dyes. The slices of tissue, called histological sections, are typically thinner than a single cell. The colors of a prepared tissue are not natural colors, but they make the tissue's structural details more visible. A widely used stain combination called hematoxylin and eosin, for example, typically colors cell nuclei violet and the cytoplasm pink. Other methods of histotechnique have been developed for special purposes. One variation is to embed the tissue in special plastics (resins),

A new day has...come I was waiting for so long For a miracle to come Everyone told me to be strong Hold on and don't shed a tear Through the darkness and good times I knew I'd make it through And the world thought I had it all But I was waiting for you Hush, love I see a light in the sky Oh, it's almost blinding me I can't believe I've been touched by an angel with love Let the rain come down and wash away my tears Let it fill my soul and drown my fears Let it shatter the walls for a new, new sun A new day has...come Where it was dark now there's light Where there was pain now there's joy Where there was weakness, I found my strength All in the eyes of a boy Hush, love I see a light in the sky Oh, it's almost blinding me I can't believe I've been touched by an angel with love Let the rain come down and wash away my tears Let it fill my soul and drown my fears Let it shatter the walls for a new, new sun A new day has...come

A new day has...come Ohhh, a light... OOh

I surrender Theres so much life Ive left to live And this fires burning still When I watch you look at me I think I could find the will To stand for every dream And forsake the solid ground And give up this fear within Of what would happen if they ever knew Im in love with you cause Id surrender everything To feel the chance to live again I reach to you I know you can feel it to Wed make it through A thousand dreams I still believe Id make you give them all to me Id hold you in my arms and never let go I surrender I know I cant survive Another night away from you Youre the reason I go on And now I need to live the truth Right now, theres no better time From this fear I will break free And Ill live again with love And no the they cant take that away from me And they will see... cause Id surrender everything To feel the chance to live again I reach to you I know you can feel it too Wed make it through A thousand dreams I still believe Id make you give them all to me Id hold you in my arms and never let go

I surrender Every nights getting longer And this fire is getting stronger, babe Ill swallow my pride and Ill be alive Did you hear my call I surrender all cause Id surrender everything To feel the chance to live again I reach to you I know you can feel it too Wed make it through A thousand dreams I still believe Id make you give them all to me Id hold you in my arms and never let go I surrender Right here, right now I give my life to live again Ill break free, take me My everything I surrender all to you Right here, right now I give my life to live again I break free, take me My everything I surrender all to you

"I'm Alive" Mmmmm ... Mmmmm ... I get wings to fly Oh, oh ... I'm alive ... Yeah When you call on me When I hear you breathe I get wings to fly I feel that I'm alive When you look at me I can touch the sky I know that I'm alive When you bless the day I just drift away All my worries die I'm glad that I'm alive You've set my heart on fire Filled me with love Made me a woman on clouds above I couldn't get much higher My spirit takes flight 'Cause I am alive When you call on me (When you call on me) When I hear you breathe (When I hear you breathe) I get wings to fly I feel that I'm alive (I am alive) When you reach for me (When you reach for me) Raising spirits high God knows that... That I'll be the one Standing by through good and through

trying times And it's only begun I can't wait for the rest of my life When you call on me (When you call on me) When you reach for me (When you reach for me) I get wings to fly I feel that... When you bless the day (When you bless, you bless the day) I just drift away (I just drift away) All my worries die I know that I'm alive I get wings to fly God knows that I'm alive

Ammore annascunnuto Cuant anne pe Stu munne e cuant anne ancora Si se putess E si teness a pacienza Simme accus Nuje c'annammuramme Fine a chiagnere Niente e nisciune Chistu desiderie e te Scuseme si nu scrive chi Ma o saje ca jev a nun murie Sto semp a f coccos ... E nu ma bbaste maje Pe cchelle ca rimane ca Pe cchelle che succiese Dinte a st'ammore annascunnuto Si fanne Ver e'stelle tutte E vote ca rire E se ne vann E'stelle n'ciele Si chiagne Nu teng mo chi lamient O saje Sta tutt appost Dint a sta ammore Vu sta annascunnuto

Pour que Tu Maimes Encore J'ai compris tous les mots, j'ai bien compris, merci Raisonnable et nouveau, c'est ainsi par ici Que les choses ont chang, que les fleurs ont fan Que le temps d'avant, c'tait le temps davant Que si tout zappe et lasse, les amours aussi passent Il faut que tu saches J'irai chercher ton c ur si tu l'emportes ailleurs Mme si dans tes danses, d'autres dansent tes heures J'irai chercher ton me dans les froids dans les flammes Je te jetterai des sorts pour que tu m'aimes encore Fallait pas commencer, m'attirer, me toucher Fallait pas tant donner, moi je sais pas jouer On me dit qu'aujourd'hui, on me dit que les autres font ainsi Je ne suis pas les autres avant maintenant, Avant que l'on s'attache, avant que l'on se gche Je veux que tu saches J'irai chercher ton c ur si tu l'emportes ailleurs Mme si dans tes danses, d'autres dansent tes heures J'irai chercher ton me dans les froids dans les flammes Je te jetterai des sorts pour que tu

m'aimes encore Je trouverai des langages pour chanter tes louanges Je ferai nos bagages pour d'infinies vendanges Les formules les magiques des marabouts d'Afrique Je les dirai sans remords pour que tu m'aimes encore Je m'inventerai reine pour que tu me retiennes Je me ferai nouvelle pour que le feu reprenne Je deviendrai ces autres qui te donnent du plaisir Vos jeux seront les ntres, si tel est ton dsir Plus brillante, plus belle, pour une autre tincelle Je me changerai en or pour que tu m'aimes encore Pour que tu m'aimes encore...