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Permanent Tissues

There are three types of meristematic tissue in plants: primary, secondary, and intercalary. Primary meristem arises from promeristem and gives rise to permanent tissues. Secondary meristem originates from primary meristem. Meristematic tissues act as parent tissues and allow plants to continuously produce new leaves, stems, flowers and fruits through cell division. Permanent tissues, which do not divide further, develop from differentiated meristematic cells and provide structure and support.

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Riyashika R
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204 views16 pages

Permanent Tissues

There are three types of meristematic tissue in plants: primary, secondary, and intercalary. Primary meristem arises from promeristem and gives rise to permanent tissues. Secondary meristem originates from primary meristem. Meristematic tissues act as parent tissues and allow plants to continuously produce new leaves, stems, flowers and fruits through cell division. Permanent tissues, which do not divide further, develop from differentiated meristematic cells and provide structure and support.

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Riyashika R
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Types of Meristematic Tissue

On the basis of origin


Pro meristem
It originates from the embryo.

Primary Meristem
It arises from the promeristem.

Secondary Meristem
It originates from the primary meristem.
Plant tissues

Meristematic Tissues Permanent Tissues

Apical meristems

Lateral meristems

Intercalary meristems.
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Functions
Meristematic tissue acts as a parent tissue
from which other tissues develop.

The place of injury in plants is healed up by the formation of


new cells by meristems

With the help of meristems, plants continue to produce new


leaves, branches of stem and root, flowers, fruits and root
hairs.

The plant shoots lodged or bent by wind are made to grow


upright by activity of intercalary meristem
Permanent Tissue

The tissues that are


completely grown and
has lost the ability of
division are known as
permanent tissues.

The meristematic tissues


divide and differentiate
to form the permanent
tissues.
Permanent Tissue

Simple Complex
Permanent permanent
Tissue Tissue
Parenchyma
Xylem
Collenchyma

Sclerenchyma Phloem
Parenchyma
The cells have an oval or round shape.

The cell is thin-walled.

The cell wall is made up of hemicellulose or cellulose


The cells have vacuoles and very small nucleus.

The protoplasm is living and dense.

It is found in all parts of the plant.


Chlorenchyma: Cells which have chloroplast and perform photosynthesis
The mesophyll cells in leaves which differentiate into palisade and spongy
cells
In the other green parts of the plants like stems, sepal etc.

Aerenchyma: They contain very large intercellular spaces. These are present
in aquatic plants.
Aerenchyma helps in the buoyancy of the floating plants
Function of Parenchyma cells
Storage: Parenchyma cells have large intercellular
space which are ideal for storage
High amount of starch is present in the tubers of potato
and cassava

Photosynthesis: Chlorenchyma present in the mesophyll


and the other green parts of the plant, have chloroplasts
and perform photosynthesis

Aerenchyma cells help in the gas exchange


Aerenchyma present in aquatic plants have air sacs that
helps in floating
Word origin: from Greek kola (“glue”)+énkhuma( “infusion”)

The cell wall is made up of cellulose and pectin.


Cells are long and thick walled.

The amount of chloroplast is less in the cells.

The cells have no intercellular spaces.


Collenchyma

It is the only tissue with the highest refractive


index due to the presence of pectin.

It provides support, structure, mechanical strength, and flexibility


to the petiole, leaf veins, and stem of young plants, allowing for
easy bending without breakage.
Term sclerenchyma was derived from the Greek word “Scleros”
that means harder and “Enchyma” which means infusion.

These are dead tissues, very hard and rigid in texture.

Cells are thick


walled with various
size and shapes.

These provide mechanical


support and rigidity to the
plant.
Fibres can define as another kind of Sclereids
mechanical tissue that involves the Sclereids can define as a mechanical
following features: tissue that involves the following
features:
The fibre cells are elongated, thick-
walled with a narrow lumen and tapered It occurs singly or in groups.
ends.
Sclereids are found associated with the
It occurs in the ground and vascular
tissues of a plant. plant’s vascular tissue, namely xylem
and phloem.
It appears as independent strands

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