Isomerism
Isomerism
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CHAIN ISOMERISM
GEOMETRICAL ISOMERISM
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Chain Isomerism
¢ The chain isomerism occurs in compounds that have the same
molecular formula and functional group but different parent chains
Compounds C5H11OH
Compounds C3H7OH
CH3 – CH – CH3
2-propanol
|
OH
Functional Isomerism
Compounds that have the same molecular formula
but different functional groups.
Alkanol R-OH
CnH2n +2O
Alkoksi alkana R-OR
Alkanal R-C-H
O Functional
CnH2n O
Isomerism
Alkanon R-C-R
O
Asam.Alkanoat R-COOH
CnH2n O2
Alkil alkanoat R-COOR
CH3 – CH2 – OH etanol
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Geometrical isomers
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Geometric Isomers in
alkenes
¢ A cis isomer is one in which the substituents
are on the same side of the C=C
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Properties of Geometrical
Isomers
The chemical properties of geometrical isomers tend
to be similar but their physical properties are different
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Properties of Geometrical
Isomers
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Catatan :
Cis dan trans terjadi pada alkena jika pada atom karbon yang
berikatan rangkap mengandung 2 gugus yang berbeda.
¢ Compounds : 2-butanol
Sedangkan isomer-isomer
yang tidak saling
mencerminkan disebut
diastereoisomers.
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Properties of Optical Isomers
¢ Apart from their optical activity enantiomers generally
have similar physical and chemical properties.
¢ The chemical properties may be significantly different
when the enantiomers interact with other optically
active compounds.
C C CH3
CH3 OH HO
H
H
(d) Asam laktat (l) Asam laktat
OH O
R-CH – CH3 Oks R-C-CH3 Oks
Alkohol tersier Oks
CH3
Oks Mengapa tidak
CH3 C OH teroksidasi ?
CH3
4. Reaksi Alkohol + asam alkanoat Alkil alkanoat + air
O O
R-C –OH + HO- R’ R-C –OR’ + H2O
H2O
180oC
5. Reaksi Alkohol + asam Sulfat (pekat) Alkena
130oC
Eter
H2SO4
CH3 CH2 OH 180oC CH2=CH2 + H2O
O O Merah bata
Cermin perak
2. Reduksi Aldehid.
O OH
R-C-H + H2 R-CH2
Alkanal Alkanol