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Unit 4

This document contains 19 questions related to thermodynamics concepts involving steam nozzles. Specifically, it asks about: 1) The effect of friction on steam flow through a nozzle and how to explain it using h-s diagrams 2) The concept of supersaturated flow and how to explain it using h-s diagrams 3) Deriving expressions for maximum nozzle discharge, pressure ratio, and exit velocity given steam inlet/outlet conditions 4) Defining concepts like nozzle efficiency, velocity coefficient, and degree of undercooling 5) Calculating required throat and exit areas, dryness fraction, and exit velocity/area given steam mass flow rates and nozzle specifications.

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Rohit Ghulanavar
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409 views2 pages

Unit 4

This document contains 19 questions related to thermodynamics concepts involving steam nozzles. Specifically, it asks about: 1) The effect of friction on steam flow through a nozzle and how to explain it using h-s diagrams 2) The concept of supersaturated flow and how to explain it using h-s diagrams 3) Deriving expressions for maximum nozzle discharge, pressure ratio, and exit velocity given steam inlet/outlet conditions 4) Defining concepts like nozzle efficiency, velocity coefficient, and degree of undercooling 5) Calculating required throat and exit areas, dryness fraction, and exit velocity/area given steam mass flow rates and nozzle specifications.

Uploaded by

Rohit Ghulanavar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MAHAGAON

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Subject: Applied Thermodynamics (ATD)


1. UNIT NO. – 04 (QUESTION BANK)
2. What is the effect of friction on flow through a steam nozzle? Explain with the help of h-s diagram.
3. What do you mean by supersaturated flow? Explain with the help of h-s diagram.
4. Derive the formula for maximum discharge through nozzle.
5. What is function of nozzle?
6. Derive an expression for maximum pressure ratio.
7. Dry saturated steam at pressure 11 bar enters a convergent divergent nozzle & leaves at a pressure of 2 bar. If
flow is adiabatic & frictionless determine the exit velocity of steam & ratio of cross section exit & that at throat
assume the index it adiabatic expansion to be 1.135.
8. Define nozzle efficiency, velocity, coefficient & coefficient of discharge. List the factors on which nozzle
efficiency depends.
9. In a convergent-divergent nozzle, the steam enters at 15 bar & 300 0C & leaves at a pressure of 2 bar. This inlet
velocity to the nozzle is 150m/s. find the required throat &exit areas for mass flow rate if 1kg/s. assume nozzle
efficiency to be 90% & Cp=2.4 kJ/kg.k
10. Derive the expression for critical pressure ratio for maximum discharge through the nozzle.
11. A steam at a pressure of 10 bar & 0.9 dry discharges through nozzle having throat area of 450 mm 2. If the back
pressure is 1 bar find
i. Final velocity of the steam.
ii. Cross-sectional area of the nozzle at exit for maximum discharge.
12. Define
a) Nozzle efficiency
b) Coefficient of discharge
c) Velocity coefficient
d) Degree of Undercooling
13. Steam at the rate of 7.5 kg/s flows through asset of nozzles. The inlet pressure is14 bar & superheat is 55 oc. the
exit pressure is 6 bar. Neglect the velocity of approach & assume the expansion of steam is isentropic. Find the
number of nozzles used if the outlet area of each nozzle is approximately 2.3 cm 2. What should be the correct
exit area?
14. Dry saturated steam enters a nozzle at a pressure of 10 bar & with an initial velocity of 90 m/s. the outlet
pressure of 10 bar & with an initial velocity is 435 m/s. The heat loss from the nozzle is 9 kJ/kg of steam flow.
Calculate the dryness fraction & the area at the exit, if the area at the inlet is 1256mm 2.
15. Explain the effect of supersaturation?
16. Obtain the critical pressure ratio to produce maximum discharge interms of the index of expansion?
17. It is proposed to design steam nozzles for the following data
Initial pressure =30 bar; Initial temperature = 4500C
Back pressure = 6 bar; Nozzle efficiency = 90%
Mass flow rate = 2kg/sec; Initial steam velocity = 60 m/sec
Assuming circular cross section, calculate the inlet throat and exit diameter of the nozzle?
18. Steam at a pressure of 10.5 bar and 0.95 dry is expanded through a convergent divergent nozzle. The pressure of
steam leaving the nozzle is 0.85 bar. Find the velocity of steam at throat for maximum discharge take n
=1.135.also find the area at the exit and the steam discharge if throat area is 1.2 cm 2. Assume flow is isentropic
and there are no friction losses.
19. A convergent-divergent nozzle is required to discharge 2 kg of steam per second. The nozzle is supplied with
steam at 7 bar and 1800C and discharge takes place against a back pressure of 1 bar. The expansion up to throat is
isentropic and frictional resistance between throat and exit equivalent to 63 kJ/kg of steam. Taking approach
velocity of 75 m/s and throat pressure of 4 bar calculate suitable area for the throat and exit.

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