Square footing

#1.] A 400mm square tied interior column supports a dead load of 890KN and a
live load of 710KN. The column is reinforced with 8-25mm ⌀ bars. A square footing
is designed to support this load with its base at 1.5m below the ground surface.
Allowable soil pressure is 240KPA. Assume soil weighs 15.74KN/m3 and concrete to
be 23.5KN/m3, fc’= 20.7MPA , fy= 415MPA.
1.)Determine the dimension of the footing.
2.)Determine the reinforcement of the square footing.
3.)Determine the required Development length of the square footing.
Reinforcement location factor =1.3
Coating Factor B= 1.0
Reinforcing size factor= 1.0
Lightweight aggregate concrete factor= 1.0

Solution:
1. Dimension of the square footing. Assume total depth of 600mm with an
effective depth of

d = 600 – 75
d= 525mm
Effective Soil Pressure:
qeff = 240 - .60(23.5) – 15.74(0.9)
qeff = 211.73KPa

Area required: .90m

DL +¿ 1.5m
A= qeff .60m
 890+710
L2= 211.73 ; L= 2.74m

.645m d=.525m

Ultimate Upward Soil Pressure:

1.2 ( 890 ) +1.6 (710)
qu = 2.74(2.74)

qu= 293.57KPa 2.74m

Beam Shear:
Vu= 293.57(0.645)(2.74)
Vu= 518.83KN 2.74m

1
Vu= 6 ⌀ √fc’ bwd

0.75
518830= 6
√20.7 (2740) d

d= 322.95 < 525 (ok) 0.4m

0.4m 40 + d = 2.74m
.925

40 + d = .925

2.74m

2.) Reinforcement of the square footing:

Mu = 293.57 (2.74)(1.17)
Mu = 550.56 KN-M
 1.4
Pmin = 415 ; P min = .0033735

As Req’d
As = Pbd
= 0.033735(2740)(525) 1.17m

As = 4053mm2
Using 25mm ⌀
∏ 2
( 25 ) N = 4053 ; N= 8.26 say 9
4

Use 9-25mm ⌀ bars both ways

∏
As furnished = 4 (25)2 (9)

As furnished = 4418mm2 > 4053mm2

2.74m

3.) Req’d development length:

fy( αc)(αs)(αt)( α )
Ld 1.17m
db = 1.1 α √ fc ' (C+
KTR
)
db

C= 75mm
KTR= 0 ( no stirrups)

C +ktr 75+ 0 qu = 293.57 KPa

= =3>2.5
db 25

Ld Ld ( 4.15)(1.3)(1)(1)(1)
db = 1.1 α √ 20.7(2.5)
= 42.69

Ld As Req . 42.69(4053)
db
= As furnished =¿ =39.16
4418

Ld = 39.16(25)
Ld = 979mm (req’d Ld)

Development Length Furnished:

2740 600mm
Ld = 2 – 200 – 75

Ld = 1095mm > 979mm (ok)

400mm
75mm

Therefore the req’d development

2.74m
Is 979mm
#2.] A 350mm x 350mm square column carries a factored axial load Pu = 3560KN.
The footing supporting this column has a dimension of 3.96m x 3.96m. fc’ =
20.7MPa in the footing and 34.6MPa in the columns with fy = 415MPa for both.
The column is reinforced with 8-25mm ⌀ bars.
1.) Compute the required reinforcement for dowels.
2.) Compute the development length of dowels into the footing.
3.) Compute the development length of dowels into column.

Solution:
1.) Required reinforcement for dowels.
Bearing strength of concrete at base of column.

F1 = ⌀(.85)fc’ A1
F1 = .65(.85)(34.6)(350)(350)
F1 = 2341771N
F1 = 2341.77KN < 3560KN (not safe)

Bearing Strength of concrete footing:

As 3.96(3.96)
F2 = ⌀ (.85) fc’ A1 √A2/A1
√ A1
=
√ .35(.35)
= 11.31 < 2.0
 As
Use
√ A1
=2.0

F2 = .65(.85)(20.7)(350)2(2)
F2 = 2802004N
F2 = 2802.00KN < 3560KN
Excess load = 3560 – 2341.77
P = 1218.23KN
A s Fy = P
As (415) = 1218230
As = 2935mm2
Using 25mm⌀ dowels:
∏
(25)2 N = 2935
4

N= 5.98 say 6 bars

Use 6-25mm ⌀ dowels
2.) Development length of dowels into the footing.
.25 dbfy
Ld=
fc '
.25 (25)(415)
Ld=
√ 20.7

Ld = 570mm
Ld = .04 db fy
Ld = .04 (25)(415)
Ld = 415mm
Min. Ld = 200mm
Use Ld = 570mm
3.) Development Length of dowels into column.
 .25 d bfy
Ld= '
√ fc

.25 d (25)(415)
Ld= = 440mm
√ 34.6

Ld = .04 dbfy

Ld = .04(25)(415) = 415mm

Min. Ld =200mm

Use Ld = 440mm.
 #3.] Investigate the adequacy of the square footing using the strength design
method of the ACI code (318-83). The column has a dimension of 600mm x
600mm and carries an axial load of 1340KN (dead load) and 720KN(liveload).
Allowable soil pressure is 260KPa. There is a 0.60m earth overburden having a unit
weight of 15.7KN/m3 , fc’= 20.7MPa, fy = 276.5MPa.

517.5mm
62.5mm 37.5mm
70mm

3.0m

A. Check for Soil Pressure:

Column load = 1340 + 720 = 2060KN

Weight of footing = 3(3)(.625)(2.4)(9.81) = 132.435KN
Weight of Soil = [ 3(3)-.6(.6)] (.6)(15.7) = 81.389KN
Total Weight = 2060 + 132.435 + 81.389 = 2273.824KN
2273.824
Actual Soil Pressure= = 252.65KPa < 260 (safe)
3( 3)
 B. Check for punching shear:

Factored Load Pu = 1.4DL + 1.7LL

Pu = 1.4(1340) + 1.7(720)
Pu = 3100KN
3100
Net upward ultimate soil pressure= =344.44 KPa
3(3)

Vu = 344.44 [3(3) – (1.1175)(1.1175)]

Vu = 2669.82KN
d/2 C d/2
bo = 1117.5 (4) – 4470mm
d = 517.50mm
Vu CS for punching shear
Vn=
⌀ bod
2669820
Vn=
.85(4470)(517.50)

Vn = 1.36MPa.
2 1
(
V c= 1+ )
Bc 6
√ fc ’ > 1/3 √fc’
3.0m

Bc = 600/600 = 1

Use Vc = 1.3 √20.7 = 1.52 MPa > 1.36(safe)

C.) Check for beam shear:

Vu = 344.44(3)(.6825) = 705KN
Vu 70500
Vn= =
⌀ bod .85 ( 300 ) ( 517.5 )
Vn = .53MPa

.6825m D= .5175m

1
Vc=
6
√ fc' = 16 √20.7
Vc = .76MPa > .53MPa (safe)
3.0m

D.) Check by bending :

Mu = 344.44(3)(1.2)(.6)
Mu = 743.99 KN-m
1.2m 0.6m 1.2m
6
Mu = 743.99 x 10 N-mm
Mu = ⌀fc’ bd2 w(1-.59)
743.99 x 106 = .90 (20.7)(3000)(517.5)2
W(1-.59w)
W(1-.59w)=.05
.59w2-w +.05 = 0
1.69+ 1.59
w= ; w= .05
2
Pfy 0.05(20.7)
w= ; p= = .0037
fc 276
1.4 1.4
Pmin. = fy = 276.5 = .0051

4
Use P= .0037 ( 3 ¿=.0049 ACI code

E.) Check Steel Requirements:

 As= Pbd = .0049(3000)(571.5)
= 8458mm2
∏ ( 25 ) 2
As furnished = 4
(18) = 8813mm2

F. Check for development length:

∏
.02 abfy .02( ) ( 25 ) =(276.5)
Ld = √ fc = 4
√ 20.7

Ld = 596mm.
Min. Ld = .06 dbfy
Min. Ld = .06(25)(276.5)
Min. Ld = 415mm
Ld furnished = 1200-70 = 1300mm(ok)

G. Check for dowels.

Ag= Area of supported member, that is the column in this case

As = .0005(600)(600) = 1800mm2 (use 4 dowels Min.)

Required As per bar = 1800/4 = 450mm2

Using 25mm⌀ , As= ∏ ❑ ( 25 )=491 mm 2

(ok)
4

Development length of dowels:

.25 dbfy
Req’d Ld = 20.7
 .25 (25)(276)
Req’d Ld = 20.7

Req’d Ld = 380mm

Min. Ld = .04dbfy <200

Min. Ld = 276.5mm

Development length furnished.

517.50-25 = 492.50mm
#4.] Design a square footing to support a 350mm x 350mm column carrying a dead
load of 320KN, live load of 560KN, a dead load moment of 12KN-m and a live load
moment of 18KN-m. Allowalbe soil pressure = 200KPa, fc’ =20MPa, fy= 350MPa .
Use ACI 318-83 code.

Solution:

Assume wt. of footing = 7% of column load

DL= 320KN
Wt. of footing = .07(320+560)= 61.6KN LL= 560KN

Total load = 320 + 560 + 61.6 = 941.6KN

941,6
Required Area = 200 = 4.708m2

B2 = 4.708

B= 2.17 say 2.30m

Check soil pressure at service load:

p
q= B (1+6e/B)

m
e= p
 12+18 30
e= 320+ 560 = 880 =0.034

941.6
q= 2.30
(1+.0887)

Max. q = 193.78 KPa < 200KPa (ok)

Min. q = 162.2 KPa (ok)

Compute net ultimate soil pressure

Pu
qult = B (1+6e/B)

Pu = 1.4(320) + 1.7(500) = 1400KN

Mu = 1.4(320)+1.7(18) = 47.4KN-m 2.3m

47.4 6 (.339)
E= 2.3 (1+ 2.3
¿ = .0339

1400 6 (.0339)
qult. = 2.3 [1+ 2.3
]

Max. qult= 288KPa

0.35m 2.3m
Min. qult = 241KPa
Det. The depth of the beam:
For punching Shear:
2 √ Fc 350
Vc= (1+ Bc ¿ 6 ; Bc = 350 =1 .35m .975m

√ 20
Vc = (3) 6 = 2.234 MPa

1
Vc= 3 √20 = 1.49 MPa (allowable)(use)

288+ 241
Ave. q ult. = =264.5 MPa
2
Vu= 1400 – 264.5(.35+d)2KN
bod= (.35+d)(4)(d)
1400−264.5 ( .35+d )
Vn= =1.49(1000)
.85(.35+ d)(4)(d )

1400-264.5(.1225+.7d+d2)=1773.1d+5066d2

5330.5d2 + 1958.25d-1367.6=0

d2+.367d-.256=0

d= .355m

d=355mm

Check for beam Shear:

1 1
Vc= 6 √fc’ = 6 √ 20

Vc= .745MPA(allowable)
y 47
= ; y=12.67KPa
.62 2.3

1
Vu= 288(.62)(2.3)- 2 (12.67)(.62)(2.3)

Vu=401.65KN
401.65(1000)
Vn= .85 (2300)(355)

Vn= .579MPa(actual) < .7345MPa(allowable)

From bending:
V 47
= ;V =19.92 KPa
.975 2.3

.975 1 .975
Mu= 288(.975)(2.3)( 2
¿ -
2 ( )
( 19.92 )( .975 ) ( 2.3 )
3
Mu= 307.6 KN-m

307.6(1000)2= .90(20)(2300)(355)2w(1-.59w)

.59w2-w+.059=0

W=.0612
.0612(20)
P= 350
; p=.004

Compute steel Area Required:

As=Pbd=.004(2300)(355)

As=3266mm2

Use 11-20mm⌀ bars bothways

∏ 2
As=11( 4 ¿ ( 20 ) = 3455mm2 >3266mm2 (ok)

Check Development Length

.02 abfy .02(314)( 350)

Ld= √ fc '
=
√ 20
= 491mm

Min. Ld = .06dbfy = .06(20)(350)=420mm

Min. Ld= 300mm

Available Ld = 975-70mm(end cover)

= 905mm>491mm (ok)

Check for wt. of footing:

total depth=355+70+1.5(20) = 455mm

wt. of footing =(2.3)2(.455)(2.4)(9.81)

=56.67KN<61.8KN(ok)
#5.]Check the adequacy of the 3.5m square footing .5m thick with respect to
punching shear or two way shear. The footing is to support a 300x500mm column
loaded with 700KN DL and 450KN LL.

Dave= 400mm

Fc’=21MPa

Solution:

Pu= 1.2DL+1.6LL

=1.2(700)+1.6(450)
300+400 = 700mm
Pu=1560KN

Say allowable pressure be q. 300+400 = 700mm

Pu 1560
qnet= A = ( 3.5 ) =127.347 KPa

Punching Shear:
Vup = Pu –qnet(A)

=1560-127.347KN/m2 (.70x.90)

Vup=1479.77KN

#6.] A square footing supports a 350mm x 350mm column carrying a dead load of
300KN and live load of 500KN. The footing is subjected to an axial moment
produced by the effect of dead load, live and earthquake. The unfactored moments
are tabulated below.
MDx= 50KN-m MLx=60KN-m MEx=36KN-m
MDy=30KN-m MLy=50KN-m MEy=29KN-m
Thickness of footing is 460mm with and effective depth of 360mm. The bottom of
the footing is 1.20m. below the ground surface. Unit weight of soil = 15.7KN/m3 ,
Concrete= 23.5KN/m3 . use 2001 NSCP Specs.

1.) Which of the following gives the dimension of the square footing.
2.) Which of the following gives the punching stress at critical section.
3.) Which of the following gives the number of 20mm ⌀ reinforcing bars in
both ways for the footing.

P= 300KN

P= 500KN/800KN
 .74m

.36m .46m

Solution:
1.) Dimension of the square footing:
P= 300+500 =800
Mx= 50+60 +36
Mx= 146KN.m
My=30+50+29
My=109KN.m
L=b=d
P 6 Mx 6 My
Fa= A + bd
+
db
P 6 Mx 6 My
fA= L + L + L

try L= 2.3m

2.) Punching stress

Pu= 1.4PD+1.7PL
Pu= 1.4(300)+1.7(500)
Pu=1270KN

Mux = .75(1.4MDx +1.7MLx +1.87Mex)

Mux= .75[1.4(50)+1.7(60)+1.87(36)]
Mux = 179.49 KN.m
Mux= 1.4(50)+1.7(60)
Mux = 172 KN.m
Use Mux=179.49KN.M
Muy = .75(1.4MDy+1.7MLy+1.87MEy)
My = .75[1.4(30)+1.7(50)+1.87(29)]
Muy=135.9 KN.m
Muy= 1.4(30)+1.7(50)
Muy=127KN.m
Use Muy=135.9KN.m
1270 6 ( 179.49 ) 6 ( 135.9 )
fA= 2.3 + 2.3
−
2.3

fA=261.57KPa

1270 6 (179.49 ) 6 (135.9 )

fB= (2.3 )( 2.3 ) + 2.3 (2.3 )( 2.3 ) + 2.3 (2.3 ) 2.3

fB= 395.61KPa
1270 6 ( 179.49 ) 6 ( 135.9 )
fC= (2.3 )( 2.3 ) + 2.3
+
2.3 ( 2.3 ) 2.3

fc= 218.58KPa
1270 6 ( 179.49 ) 6 ( 135.9 )
fD= (2.3 )( 2.3 ) + 2.3(2.3)(2.3) + 2.3 ( 2.3 ) 2.3

fD=84.55KPa

Average Soil Pressure at the center:

261.57+ 396.61+ 218.58+84.55
qu= 4
qu= 240.08KPa
Vu=Pu-qu(.710)2
Vu=1270-240.08(.71)2
Vu=1148.98KN

1148980
Vp= .85 (710)( 360)(4)

√ fc'
Vp=1.32Mpa < 3 =1.52MPa(safe)

3.) Steel Requirements

Consider only 1 meter strip

.975
Mu=395.61(.975) (1) ( 1
¿

Mu= 188 x 106 N.mm

118 x 106=.90(21) (1000) (360)2w (1-0.59w)

W= (1-0.59w) = .077

W2 -1.69w + .131=0

W=0.081 1m
2.3m
.081( 21)
P= 414
; P=.0041

1.4
Pmin = 414 =.00338 .975m

Use P=.0041 .35m

As=Pbd
.35m
As=.0041(1000)(360)

As=1476mm2

Using 20mm ⌀ bars:

∏❑ 1000
(20)2 =1476
4 S

S=212.85mm O.C
S= 210mm o.c
No. of bars:
2300
N= 210 +1

N=11.95 say 12 bars

#7.] A square footing supports 450mm square column supporting a service dead load
of 1784KN and a service live load of 1204KN. The column is built of fc’=34.6MPa
and has 8-28mm RSB with fy=414.7MPa. Design a square footing to be constructed
using fc’=20.7MPa, fy= 414.7MPa. The top of the footing will be covered with
150mm of fill with a density of 18880 N/m3 and a 150mm of concrete basement
floor. The allowable bearing pressure of soil is 288KPa.

Solution:
Ass. Total depth = 1 to 2 times the width of column
Total depth = 1.7(450) =765 say 800mm
Effective Soil Pressure
qe = 288 - .15(2.4)(9.81)-.15(18.88)-0.8(2.4)(9.81)
 qe = 262.80KPa
DL +¿
Area required = qe
1784 +1204
L2 = 262.80

L2 = 11.37
L = 3.37m say 3.4m

DL = 1784KN

LL = 1204KN

150mm

800mm

Try 28mm⌀
d= 800-70-1.5⌀ (reinforcement is in both directions)
d= 800-70-1.5(28)
d= 688mm
Check for punching shear at a distance d/2 from face of column:
1.4 DL+1.7≪ ¿ 1.4 (1784 ) +1.7(1204 )
qu = Area = 3.4 (3.4)
¿

qu = 393.11KPa
Pu= 1.4(1784) + 1.7(1204)
Pu= 4544.4KN
Vu= Pu – qu (1.138)2
Vu= 4544 – 393.11(1.138)2
Vu= 4035.31KN
d/2
bod = 11388(4)(688)
3.4m 450mm
2
bod = 3131776mm d/2

4035310
Vp= .85 ( 3131776 )

Vp= 1.5158MPa

3.4m

Allowable punching stress:

fc ' 20.7
Va=√ 2 =¿ √ = 1.5166MPa (safe)
3

Beam Shear or One way Shear:

Vu= 393.11(3.4)(.787)
Vu = 1051.88KN
1051880
V= .85 (3400)( 688) = .529MPa

Allowable Shearing Stress:

1.475m
√2 0.7
Va= 6

Va= .758 > .529(safe) .45m

3.4m

3.4m
Bending:
1.475
Mu= 393.11(3.4)(1.475)( 2
¿

Mu = 1454 KN-m
1454x106=.90(20.7)(3400)(6880)2w(1-.59w)
W(1-.59w)=.048
W2-1.69+.081=0

1.69+.081
W= 2 ; w=.0495

.0495 (20.7)
P= 414.7
; P=.00247

1.4
Pmin= 414.7 =.00338

Use Pmin = .00338

Reinforcement :
As=Pbd = .00338(3400)(688)
As= 7906mm2
Using 28mm ⌀
∏ 2
( 28 ) N = 7906
4

N=12.8 say 13bars

Check for development Length:
∏ 2
Ab = 4 (28) = 615.44
 .02(615.44)(414.7)
Req Ld = √ 20.7

Req Ld = 1122mm
Ld. Furnished = 1475-70
Ld furnished = 1405 >1122(ok)

Min Ld. Req’d = .06 dbfy

= .06(28)(414.7)
= 697mm(ok)
Check for bearing strength of footing:
Bearing force in concrete at base of column:
A2
Fb = ⌀ .85 fc’ A1√ A ⌀ = .70 for bearing

Fb= .70(.85)(20.7)(450)(450)(2)
Fb= 4988182N
Fb= 4988 KN > 4544.4KN (safe)
A2 = [450 + 4(688)]2
A2 = 10252804
A2 10252804
√ A
=√
450( 450) = 7.1 > 2

Use 2
Bearing strength of column at the base of footing:
F = ⌀ 0.85 fc’ A1
F = .70 (.85)(34.6)(450)(450)
F = 4168867.5 N
F = 4169KN
Excess load = 4544.4 – 4169
Excess load = 375.4KN (to be transferred by dowels)
T= ⌀ Asfy
375400 = .70 As(414.7)
As= 1294mm3
ACI code:
Min. As = .005 area of contact
As= .005(450)(450)
As = 1012.5mm2
Use As=1293mm2
(using 25mm ⌀ dowels)
∏ ❑ ( 25 ) 2
(4) = As
4

As= 1962.5 > 1293mm2

Use 4-25mm ⌀ dowels
Development Length :
.25 (25)(414.7)
Req. Ld = √ 20.7
28 25
Req. Ld = 570mm Ld. Furnished=688- 2 − 2 =661.5> 570 ( ok )

Wall Footing
#1.] A wall footing is to support a 300mm wide reinforced concrete wall with a dead
load of 290 KN/m and a live load of 220 KN/m. The bottom of the footing is
1.20m. below the final grade. Assume the soil weighs 15.74 KN/m3 and the allowable
soil pressure is 193 Kpa. Fc’= 20.7MPa, fy = 415 MPa . Use 75mm as steel
covering. Conrete weighs 23.5 KN/m3.
 1.) Compute the width and depth of footing.
2.) Compute the spacing of 22mm main bars and 16mm longitudinal temp.
and shrinkage steel
3.) Compute the development length required if :
Bar Location Factor= 1.0
Coating Factor = 1.0
Size Factor = 1.0
Normal Weight Concrete = 1.0

.3m

700mm

500mm

3m

Solution:
1.) Width and depth of footing . Try 500mm thick of footing.
Effective Soil Pressure:
qeff = 193-.50(23.5)-15.74(.70)
qeff = 170.23KPa
Consider 1 meter strip of wall:
290+ 220
Width of footing = 170.23 = 3m

Ultimate soil pressure

1.2 DL +1.6≪ ¿ 1.2 ( 290 ) +1.6(220)
qu = Area = 3(1)
¿
qu = 233.33KN/m2

Vu = qu(.925)(1)
Vu= 233.33(.925)(1)
Vu = 215.83KN
Vu=⌀ .17 √fc’ bd
=.75 (.17)(1)√20.7(1000)(425)
Vu= 246538KN
Vu=246538 KN > 215.83(safe)
Total thickness of footing = 500mm
Width of footing =3m
2.) Spacing of 22mm ⌀ bars
1.35
Mu=233.33(1.35)(1)( 2
¿

Mu = 212.62KN-M
Mu=⌀ fc’ bd2w (1-0.59w)
212.62x106=.90(20.7)(1000)(425)2w (1-0.59w)
W(1-0.59w) = .06318
W2-1.6949w +.107093 = 0
P(415)
.0657= 20.7
; P=.00328

P 1.4
Pmin= 415 ; Pmin.00337

Use Pmin = .00337

As=Pbd
=.00337(1000)(425)
As=1434mm2
Use 22mm ⌀
1000
S ( ∏ )(
4
❑
22 )
2
= 1434

S= 265mm say 250mm o.c

Temp. bars (16mm ⌀)
As= .0018bt
As=.0018(1000)(500)
As = 900mm2
1000 ∏ ❑ 2
( )(16) = 900
S 4

S=223 say 200 O.C

3.) Required development Length
Available development Length
Ld = 1.5 -.075 - .15
Ld = 1.275 = 1275mm

C=75(side cover)
KTR= 0 (no stirrups)
C + KTR 75+ 0
db
= 22
= 3.4 >2.5

Use 2.5
Ld ( 415)( 1)(1)(1)( 1)
=
db 1.1 √ 20.7(2.5)

Ld
=32.8
db
Ld= 32.8(22)
Ld= 721.6mm <1275mm (ok)
Development Required = 721.6mm

#2.] A 400mm thick bearing wall of a rigid frame building carries a vertical load of
300KN dead load and 300KN live load per linear meter, together with a moment of
90KN-m dead load and 90KN-m live load per linear meter of length. Design the
footing to support the bearing wall for a uniform soil pressure. Allowable soil
pressure = 300KPa Use fy=280MPa, fc’=20MPa. Use ACI 318-83 code.
 Solution:
Consider 1m length of wall
Assume wt. of footing = 6% of service load
Wt. of footing = 0.06 (300+300) = 36KN
Total load = 300+300+36 = 636KN
636
Required Area = 300 = 2.12m2

L(1) =2.12
L= 2.12m say 2.2m

For uniform soil pressure, the centroid of the footing must coincide with the
equivalent eccentric load.
600KN

180
e= 600 = .30m

A B

L=2.2m

From the figure,

L
B = e+ 2

B = .30 + 1.1
B= 1.4m
A= L – B = 0.8m
Pu= 1.4(300) +1.7(300)
Pu= 930KN
Net ultimate soil pressure
930
qult = 2.2 = 422.7 KN/m

Determine the depth from beam shear:

1
Vc= 6 √20

Vc = .745MPa (allowable)
Vu= (1.4-0.20-d) (422.70)
Vu= (1.2-d) (422.70)
Vu= (1.2 –d)(422.70)

( 1.2−d )( 422.70 ) (1000)

.745= (0.85)(1000)(d )(1000)

1.498 d=1.2-d
d=0.48m
d=480mm
Assuming 25mm ⌀ reinforcing bars:
Total depth = 480 + 70 +12.5 = 562.5mm
Check weight of footing:
Wt. of footing = 2.2(1)(0.5625)(2.4)(9.81)
=29.14KN < 36KN (ok)

Compute steel requirements:

At the toe:
Mu= 422.7(1.20)(0.6) = 304.3KN-m

Mu = ⌀ fc’ bd2 w(1-0.59w)

304.3(1000)2 = .90(20)(1000)(480)2 w(1-0.59w)

0.59w2 – w + 0.073 = 0

W=.076
.076 (20)
P= 280
; P=0.0054

1.4
Pmin = 260 = .005

Use P= .0054

As=Pbd = .0054(1000)(480)

As= 2592mm2

Use 25mm bars

A25=490

490(1000)
Spacing = 2592
= 189mm say 185mm o.c

Check development length:

.02( 490)(380)
Ld= √ 20
= 614mm

Ld = .06dbfy =.06(25)(280)=420mm
Ld= 300mm

Available Ld = 1200-70mm cover at end

= 1130mm > 614mm (ok)

At heel:

Mu = 422.70(0.60)(0.30)=76.080KN-m (very much less than 304.3KN-m)

Use P = Pmin. = .005

As= .005(1000)(480)=2400mm2

Use 25mm bars

490(1000)
Spacing = 2400
=204mm say 200mm o.c

Available Ld = 600 – 70mm cover at end

=530mm <614

Use a standard 90 hook if the actual Ld is less than the required. Place temperature
bars perpendicular to main reinforcement

Ast= .002x A gross

Ast = .002(480)(1000)

Ast = 950mm2

Use 16mm⌀ bars

A16 = 200mm2
200 (1000)
Spacing = 960
= 208mm say 200mm O.C

The bottom two 16mm ⌀ bars will serve as support for the horizontal bars.
#3.] For the wall footing shown in the figure, which of the following ost nearly gives
the effective soil pressure if the allowable soil pressure is 200KPa. (The effective soil
pressure is the remaining soil pressure available to support the loads after the effects
of the soil and concrete weights are subtracted) fc’=28MPa , fy= 280MPa. Use 2001
NSCP Specs.
Unit Weight of concrete = 24KN/m3

Unit Weight of Soil = 16KN/m3

Allowable soil pressure = 200KPa

PDL = 200KN/m

PL = 180KN/m

.74mm
1.2mm
.39mm
.46mm

-Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum width of footing rounded to
the nearest .10m such that the effective soil pressure will not be exceeded.
-Which of the following most nearly gives the ultimate shear due to factored loads
acting on the critical section.

Solution
1.) Effective Soil Pressure:
qe=200-24(0.46)-16(0.74)
qe =177.12KPa

2.) Width of footing:

Consider 1m strip of wall:
 M=90(1.5)
M-135KN-m

P MC
Max = A
+
I
P 6M
Max = +
A bd
P 6M
Max= (L)( 1) + L

380 6(135)
177.12= L
+
LxL

177.12L2 – 380L + 810

L2 – 2.145L – 4.573=0
L= 3.47 say 3.5m

3.) Total Shear at critical section:

Pu= 1.4(200) + 1.7(180)

Pu= 586KN
H = 60(1.4) + 30(1.7)
H= 135KN
Mu= 135(1.5)
Mu = 202.50 KN-m

P u 6 Mu
Max = L
+
LxL

586 6(202.50)
Max = 3.5
+
3.5 ( 3.5 )
Max= 266.62MPa
Pu 6 Mu
Min= L - L( L)

585 6 (202.50)
Min = 3.5
−
3.5(3.5)

Min = 68.24KPa

x 198.38
= ; x=135.24
2.386 3.5

P(203.48+266.62)
V= 2
(1.114)(1)

V=261.87KN