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    Global Positioning System

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    Deekshitha Ra
    The document discusses how GPS works by describing its three main components: GPS ground control stations, GPS satellites, and GPS receivers. It explains that GPS uses timing signals from satellites to calculate a receiver's position. It then provides examples of how GPS is used for navigation, tracking, mapping, and timing applications in industries like mining, aviation, agriculture and more.

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    Global Positioning System

    Uploaded by

    Deekshitha Ra
    35 views5 pages
    The document discusses how GPS works by describing its three main components: GPS ground control stations, GPS satellites, and GPS receivers. It explains that GPS uses timing signals from satellites to calculate a receiver's position. It then provides examples of how GPS is used for navigation, tracking, mapping, and timing applications in industries like mining, aviation, agriculture and more.

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    The document discusses how GPS works by describing its three main components: GPS ground control stations, GPS satellites, and GPS receivers. It explains that GPS uses timing signals from satellites to calculate a receiver's position. It then provides examples of how GPS is used for navigation, tracking, mapping, and timing applications in industries like mining, aviation, agriculture and more.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    35 views5 pages

    Global Positioning System

    Uploaded by

    Deekshitha Ra
    The document discusses how GPS works by describing its three main components: GPS ground control stations, GPS satellites, and GPS receivers. It explains that GPS uses timing signals from satellites to calculate a receiver's position. It then provides examples of how GPS is used for navigation, tracking, mapping, and timing applications in industries like mining, aviation, agriculture and more.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    As most of you know GPS is an acronym for Global Positioning System, but

    how does global positioning really work?


    The Global Positioning System is a satellite-based navigation system,
    consisting of more than 20 satellites and several supporting ground
    facilities, which provides accurate, three-dimensional position, velocity,
    and time, 24 hours a day, everywhere in the world, and in all weather
    conditions.
    The Global Positioning system consists of three main components:

    1. GPS Ground control stations.


    The ground control component includes the master control station at
    Falcon Air Force Base, Colorado Springs , Colorado and monitor
    stations at Falcon AFB, Hawaii , Ascension Island in the Atlantic ,
    Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean , and Kwajalein Island in the South
    Pacific. The control segment uses measurements collected by the
    monitor stations to predict the behavior of each satellite's orbit and
    atomic clocks. The prediction data is linked up to the satellites for
    transmission to users. The control segment also ensures that GPS
    satellite orbits remain within limits and that the satellites do not drift
    too far from nominal orbits. 

    2. GPS satellites.
    The space segment includes the satellites and the Delta rockets that
    launch the satellites from Cape Canaveral in Florida , United States .
    GPS satellites orbit in circular orbits at 17,440 km altitude, each orbit
    lasting 12 hours. The orbits are tilted to the equator by 55° to ensure
    coverage in polar regions. The satellites are powered by solar cells to
    continually orientate themselves to point the solar panels towards the
    Sun and the antennas towards the Earth. Each satellite contains four
    atomic clocks. 

    3. GPS receivers
    When you buy a GPS, you are actually buying only the GPS receiver
    and get free use of the other two main components, worth billions of
    dollars - compliments of the Government of the United States . (If you
    don't have a GPS, BUY ONE NOW, before somebody finds a way to
    commercialize it and start charging for the service.)
    The ground stations send control signals to the GPS satellites, The GPS
    satellites transmit radio signals and the GPS receivers, receive these signals
    and use it to calculate its position.
    The calculations used to determine your GPS receiver's position is based on
    very small time differences, from when the satellite transmitted the signal,
    to, when the GPS receiver received the signal. These small differences are
    then used to calculate the distance from the receiver to the satellite.
    However, when receiving only one signal, we can only calculate how far
    away from the satellite we are. When receiving two signals, we can
    determine two likely positions where we are. We need three satellite signals
    to determine our exact position on the earth's surface. (2D/2 Dimensional
    positioning). When more than three satellites are 'visible' to the GPS
    receiver, it will also calculate the altitude of the receiver (3D/3 dimensional
    positioning).
    Your GPS receiver requires signals from at least three satellites to
    determine your unique position on the earth's surface. With a fourth signal
    your altitude can also be determined. Receiving signals from more than
    four different satellites, the position of the GPS receiver can more
    accurately be determined.
    The GPS satellite constellation is designed in such a manner as to guarantee
    that at least 4 satellites are visible from any place on earth at any moment
    in time. Most of the time (+95%) however, you should have at least 6
    satellites visible. Many commercial GPS receivers can receive and process
    signals from 12 satellites for increased reliability and accuracy.
    GPS satellites carry atomic clocks that measure time to a high degree of
    accuracy. The time information is placed in the codes broadcast by the
    satellite so that a receiver can continuously determine the time the signal
    was broadcast. The signal contains data that a receiver uses to compute the
    locations of the satellites and to make other adjustments needed for
    accurate positioning. The receiver uses the time difference between the
    time of signal reception and the broadcast time to compute the range to the
    satellite. The receiver must account for propagation delays caused by the
    ionosphere and the troposphere. With three ranges to three satellites and
    knowing the location of the satellite when the signal was sent, the receiver
    can compute its three-dimensional position.
    To compute ranges directly, however, the user must have an atomic clock
    synchronized to the global positioning system. By taking a measurement
    from an additional satellite, the receiver avoids the need for an atomic
    clock. The result is that the receiver uses four satellites to compute latitude,
    longitude, altitude, and time.
    Why should you use a GPS receiver? GPS receivers will become as
    commonplace as cell phones, very soon!

     No more getting lost - 


    Get to your destination on time. Have confidence when traveling - no
    more wondering which way, left or right.v
     Ease of use
    It is easier to use a GPS receiver than to navigate by using a map. On
    the GPS screen you can see where you want to go, just like in a map,
    but you can also see where you are!

    GPS receivers are going to replace traveling maps - GPS receivers are
    smaller to carry, easier to handle, much more versatile and updateable.
    Personal navigation with a GPS also means you can customize maps as you
    go along - plotting points of interest and marking all those wonderful places
    in an easy, neat and ordered manner.
    GPS receivers will also provide you with traveling support information,
    such as:
    the estimated time of arrival (ETA) at your selected destination, how much
    fuel you have left (much more accurate than your fuel gauge in the car or
    truck) 
    Your true speed (with an accuracy of +/- 0.1 km/h).
    Log your route as you travel to keep an accurate record of your traveling in
    case you need to trace back your steps. This is true for short hiking trips to
    routes of many hundreds of miles.
    Time information on all GPS receivers are continuously adjusted from the
    atomic clocks used in the GPS system - the most accurate time and timing
    sources available today.
    So you better get on board and start using, for free, all this billions of
    dollars worth of technology - with the compliments of the USA !

    What Are GPS Systems Used For?

    Your imagination is the only limitation to the possibilities of global


    positioning system (GPS) technologies. GPS systems are
    extremely versatile and can be found in almost any industry
    sector. They can be used to map forests, help farmers harvest
    their fields, and navigate airplanes on the ground or in the air.
    GPS systems are used in military applications and by emergency
    crews to locate people in need of assistance. GPS
    technologies are often working in many areas that we do not
    normally consider.
    Global positioning system applications generally fall into 5 major
    categories:
    1. Location - determining a position 
    2. Navigation - getting from one location to another 
    3. Tracking - monitoring object or personal movement 
    4. Mapping - creating maps of the world 
    5. Timing - bringing precise timing to the world
    Some of the applications that GPS systems are currently being
    used for around the world include mining, aviation, surveying,
    agriculture, marine, recreation, and military. These days doctors,
    scientists, farmers, soldiers, pilots, hikers, delivery drivers, sailors,
    fishermen, dispatchers, athletes, and people from many other
    walks of life are using GPS systems in ways that make their work
    more productive, safer, and easier.
    NovAtel Inc. is a leading provider of precise global positioning
    system and augmentation technologies designed to afford its
    customers rapid integration and exceptional return on investment.
    Targeted at original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), the
    company's core technology is being applied in diversified
    positioning markets around the globe. NovAtel is also the prime
    supplier of global positioning system ground reference
    receivers to national satellite-based augmentation systems
    (SBAS) worldwide.
    NovAtel's family of engines and compact enclosures includes the
    company's latest innovations in precise positioning. Features
    such as Pulse Aperture Correlator® (PAC) technology, carrier
    phase tracking, and USB support are available in most of our
    global positioning system products. NovAtel's antennas are
    designed to enhance positioning performance with the company's
    patented Pinwheel™ technology. All NovAtel receivers offer the
    ability to unlock additional functionality as system requirements
    evolve with field upgradeable software. Certain receivers also
    feature the optional Application Programming Interface (API) for
    development of specialized on board applications.
    About NovAtel
    NovAtel Inc. is a leading provider of precise global positioning and
    augmentation technologies designed to afford its customers rapid
    integration and exceptional return on investment. For information
    on our products or services, please contact us for more
    information.

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