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BKP Math

BHAI KI PADHAI MATHS BKP CHEAT SHEET

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BKP Math

BHAI KI PADHAI MATHS BKP CHEAT SHEET

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Raghav
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) pleted Nala Ax nU (WR aaccilde(-\ ate bi -pf-peuie/ ats) moj (6) Sl FAKE NUMBERS SAU TAKA FAKEII! EVERTHING IS FAKEINFAKEI! EUCLID’S DIVISION LEMMA a=bq+r, O ‘#DADJOKE87 at+B=5 -(1) : " ost “O . What do you call dudes a 8 ji (2) who love maths? adding 1&2 A. Algebros. 2a=16 ce sb65 B=-3 ine “Bes aB=* 8(- 3) = 3(k-1) 8ekt PoREvE & Fe . The value of k = af Q, {med} If the zeroes of the polynomial x* — 3x’ + x + 1 are a~b, a,a+b. Finda &b. =b Ans. a+B+y=— = 23) (a—b) + (a) +(a+b)=—— MOTIVATION 3a=3 a=1 Nobody is telling you to study 24x7. Study 3x5 and make aByas sure it is quality study. (1—b)(1)(1 + b) = pee co 8 RET —b? = -2 - Cap FF Sere 2 _.Gss b=vz 5 — The value of a and b are 1 and V2 respectively. DIVISION ALGORITHM FOR POLYNOMIALS P(x) = B(x) x q(x) + F(x) Q, Divide the polynomial p(x) = x‘ + 2x? — 2x? + x + 1 by the polynomial g(x) = x* + 2x + 3 and find the quotient and remainder. 2 e1e +3 Jpeg red -2 ex 41 C2 -F SAO ox —Sx2r+2d + 5x Slow 415 Woe el Ans. So, the quotient is x*— 5 and reminder is 11x + 16. Q, {med} If the two zeroes of the polynomial x* ~ 6x? — 26x” + 138x— 35 are 2 +V3, Find other zeroes, Ans. (x-2 + V3)(x-2- v3) =0 (x2)? - (v3)? =0 x 4+4-4x-3=0 *-4x+1=0 L oo ee 85 a - hx xi Jt - 68 - 26" + 138x -35L% -2x- eet yet yy a De — VI +13 x z2e+ 3x = 2x ~ Boxe + 14Ow -3S <= Boor © NAOH = 3S 99 | 6 x? —2x-35=0 x2 —7x + 5x—35=0 x(x — 7) + 5(x— 7) =O | (x + 5)(x-7) =9 The rest two zeroes are —5 and 7. More Q. 6x’ + 8x? + 17x" + 21x+ 7 is divided by another polynomial 3x? +4x+h 1. The polynomial of the remainder com 2. lfa&bare the zeroes © (a+by=a* b? + 2ab] Finda quadratic polynomial whi coefficients and zeroes of polynomials. ax + b), finda & b. es out to be ( = 2x — 7x + 3. find the value f polynomial £(x) ofa’+ 2. [Hint: use _3. Verify the relation between the | ose zeroes are and AIR OF LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES DEAR ALGEBRA, PLEASE STOP ASKING US TO FIND YOUR X. SHE IS NEVER COMING BACK AND DON'T ASK Y. GENERAL FORM aixt bry + C1 = 0 ( apx + bay + C2 =0 They call us the dreamers but we are the ones who Types of solutions i) ee # 2 , then a unique solution exists. (consistent) Sot oe ii) SRS 2 2%, then no solution exists. (consistent) Ay SF iii) "3 = z = s then infinitely many solutions exist. (inconsistent) z eat > METHODS OF SOLVING 1) Graphically sol Plot the equations on the graph: x (i) If equations intersect, there is one solution. whole Vine is sol” (ii) If equations coincide, there are infinite solution. <_< >—> (iii) If equations are parallel, there is no solution. > no sol” Q. Is the following pair of linear equation consistent or inconsistent? If consistent, obtain the solution graphically. J x+y=2and 3x + 3y=6 ,by= 1&1 =2 There are infi are infinitely many solutions as both lines coincide. 2) Substitution Q. Solve x—7 = 7(y~7) and x +3 = 3{y + 3) using substitution method. Ans. x-7y+42=0 (1) X-3y-6=0 (2) es From eq. 2 STUDY Tap x=3y46 STUDY TP Fitx in eq. 1 Do not think about the future 3y+6-7y+42=0 or rather do not over think y=12 _ about the future, or the resut : of the exams or what are yoy Now put y in eq. 2 going to do after exams. X=3(12) +6 x=42 ee [This is substitution method J i) If we get both values, it is an intersecting graph ii) IfwegetS=Sor7=7 Or something like that then it is a coinciding graph. iii) If we get9=2o0r-4=10r something like that the it is a parallel graph. Q, Solve x + y = 5 and 2x + 2y = 3 using substitution method A Ans. x+y-5=0 (1) 2x+2y-3=0_...(2) From eq. 1 x=5-y Putting x in eq. 2 2(5-y) + 2y-3=0 10—2y +2y-3=0 7=0 Hence these pair of equations have no solution. 3) Elimination , Ive 9x 4y = 2000 and 7x - 3y = 2000 using elimination method. J. Solve 9x — 4y = ns. 9x —4y = 2000 7x — 3y = 2000 | We can rewrite them as 27x -12y = 6000 «..(1) 28x~42y = 8000 -..(2) | ) Subtracting 1 from 2 — 6000 (28x ~ yy) — (27x - 12y) = 8000 ~ 600 x = 2000 Now let's substitute value of x and get y 7(2000) — 3y = 2000 y = 4000 [This is elimination method] i) Ifweget both values, it is an intersecting graph. ii) Ifweget5=5Sor 7 = 7 or something like that then it is a coinciding graph iii) Ifweget9=2or—4= 1 or something like that the it is a parallel graph. al 2x — 2y = 8 using elimination method. Q. Solve x + y=-4and Ans. x+y= -4 ~ -2x + 2y=8 We can write them as 2x +2y=-8 ...(1) 2x+2y=-8 «..(2) Subtracting 1 from 2 (2x + 2y) — (2x + 2y) =-8- (-8) ‘#DADJOKEOS1. Q. Why was algebra so easy for the Romans? A, X was always 10! 0=0 Hence this pair of equation have infinite solutions. Ww 4) Cross Multiplication ayxtbiy+c=0 / We have, apxtb,y+c2=0 We can write it as: x 7 y __ ee bycz-—b2e1 9142 — 201 1 —_—— aybz - 424 How to remember: x b, Gy d Oy b, be Cr Or bo (i) Ifwe get both values, it is an intersecting graph. (ii) Ifwe get :, it is a coinciding graph. (iii) Ifwe get 2or = or something also like it, then it is a parallel graph. ti d lve x + 2y = 9 and 5x + y + 1 = O using cross multiplication metho: Qs Ans. x+#2y-9=0 (1) Sx+y+1=0 ——*_. = 1 24) ~ 1(-9) ~ =9(5) -1@) ~ 1G) - 5(@) ¥. REDUCIBLE a 1 Here - & are replaced by += p &2= @. ‘ _ VATION Then those pair of equations are solved. If you had a child to look after, you would make them study so_ they can accomplish something, Ans. let+bepaibe q Don’t you love yourself? Ans. = jbeq. P-3q-3=0 (1) | 2p-9q-2=0 (2) We can rewrite it as 3p-9q-9=0 (3) 2p-9q-2=0 (4) Subtracting 4 from 3 (3p — 9q - 9) ~ (2p -9q~2) =0-0 } p-7=0 4h | p=7 - \ Putting the value of pin eq. 1 IAN 7-3q-3=0 ] . | } —3q=-4 fh 23 3. 2 Q. Solve 2-2 3=Oand2 More Q. ; 1) Solve the following pair of equation using all the four methods. ) (i) x+5y+9=Oand 2x+2y+3=0 (ii) 3x =10-y and x= 30-3y / “ei 2) The sum of a two-digit no. & the number formed by reversing the order of digits ' | the two digits differ by 4. Find the number. oe UADRATIC EQUATIO THE ONE WHERE YOU FIND ROOTS BUT NO ONE ACTUALLY ROOTS FoR you IN REAL LIFE. [CRIES IN QUADRATIC FORMULA] :'( STANDARD FORM ax? + bx +c =0 (a #0) degree =2 Q. {easy} Check whether the following are 4 quadratic equation. a. x(x 3) = (x 2)(x +5) b. (2x-S)x-1)=x°-4 > ns. . x(x — 3) = (X— 2)(K + 5) ¥—3x=x? +3x—10 10-6x=0 It is not in ax? + bx + c = 0 form hence it is not quadratic equation. | » b. (2x-5)(k-1)=x°-4 2xt-7x+5=xX°-4 x-7x+9=0 It is in ax? + bx + c= 0 form hence it is a quadratic equation. HOW TO SOLVE QUADRATIC EQUATIONS (1) Factorization / Mid-term splitting Q, {med} Find the roots of 2x” - 3x-2=0 Ans. 2x?-3x-2=0 2x°-4x+x-2=0 2x(x -— 2) + 1(x—2) =O (2x + 1)(x-2)=0 Therefore, 2x+1=Oorx-2=0 x= = orx=2 The roots of 2x? 3x-2=0 are | and 2. (2) Completing the square Q. {med} Find the roots of 4x’ + 4x— 15 =0 Ans. 4x’—4x—-15=0 4x? — 2(2x)(1) + 17-17-15 =0 Call me nerd but I'm the one (2x-1)?-16=0 who decides your salary. (2x1)? =16 2x-1=44 ier 2 & (3) Quadratic formula Svadratic formula ax? + bx+o=0 Roots are: ra xb+vb2—4ac = abentac 2a b?—4acis called discriminant. Types of Foots/zeroes, (1) Ifb?~4gac>0 #DADJORE248 Q. Why do plants hate ayy A. Tt gives them square ra Then there are two different real roots, hence two solution. (2) If b’-aac=0 Then the two roots are equal and real, hence one solution. (3) Ifb-4ac0 Hence two real distinct roots exist. Roots are, =btvb?=4ac meee tae 2a #DADJOKE420 Wy GP is the square root of -10. She" 5 a perfect 10 but purely imaginary. 23805 are the roots of 2x? -7x+3=0 3 and 0.5 years later . {hard} Rohan's mother is 6 times older than him. The product of their ages 4 will be 400. Find Rohan's age- . — — - en squby. TIP Let Rohan age be x fatten | Rohan's mother age = 6x Try to avoid going on social media So, (x+4)(6x+ 4) = 400 as much as possible, even during 6x? + 28x + 16 = 400 study breaks: You won't even realize and an hour would be gone: 6x2 + 28x - 384 = 0 3x? + 14x- 192 = 0 — Roots are, yo eee Za 20) WODTI@EHD 2(3) _ 214 #2500 6 _ -14+50 2 -14-50 = ait g 66555 Since, age cannot be negative. Rohan's age is 6 years More Q. 1. The speed of ai nant is (2t + 10) and aft i i epeene er travelling for t minutes it covers a distance of . fone root of th i e quadratic equati 2 Pais quation 2x — 3x + p = Ois 3. Find the other root. 3. Solve fo rx, St 10 x2 xa 3! (x# 2,4) 4 Find the roots of 2x" + 7x + 5v2 = 0 "have a iN eye but I'm blir ind. A gea but no water, a bee but no honey, tea but no coffee and a whi a why but no answer. Wh jat am [?- re ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS MORE LIKE 4 PEE. eas ii) 100, 105, 110, DS cosesces ii) 38, 46, 54, 62, 70,. iv) -10, “115, -13,-14.5, 000. In above lists successive terms are obtained by adding a fixed number to the preceding terms. Such lists of numbers is said to form an arithmetic progression (AP). Each number in the list is called term. An arithmetic Progression is a list of numbers in which each term is obtained by adding a fixed number to the preceding te: Tm except the first term. This fixed number is called the common difference of the AP. It can be positive, negative or zero. It is denoted by ‘a’ HOW TO FIND ‘a’? IFay, a2, a3, a4)... Then @ - a, =a3- a) =a,-a +1 Ay is an AP, Fan - Ad GENERAL FORM OF Ap a,a+d,a+2d,a+3d,., here, a= first term of AP d=common difference (can be ‘+’ve, “ve or 0) 4 There are two types of AP: Finite AP = It has finite terms. E.g. 1, 2,3, 4,5. Infinite AP = It has infinite terms. Ee 234. 5,6, 7, Q. Is the following list of terms an AP? If yes find the i. 3,3+ V3,3 + 2V3,3 +3v3,..... Ans. a2-a,=3+V¥3-3= V3 a3 - a2 = 3 + 23 — (3 + V3) = V3 94 - a3 = 3 + 3V3 — (3 + 2V3) = V3 @2- a1 = a3- a) = a,-a3=V3=d Yes, it is an AP and common difference is V3. ‘ommon difference, MOTIVATION Study like there is someone else studying 24 hours a day to take it away from you. ii, -3.2, -4.4, -5.6, -6.8, Wh 2,2", 27,24)... lv. % 8x, Sx, 7x, . v. VIVEV6,V6... n‘ TERM OF AP a, =at(n-1)d Q, {easy type 1} Find the 8" term of AP 5, 11, 17, 23, ws. Ans. Here, a=5 d=11-5=6 n=8 a,zat(n-1)d ag=5+(8-1)6 ag=47 The 8" term of the AP is 47. Q. {easy type 2} Which term of AP -21, -19, -17, ww. iS 9? Ans. Here,a=-21 d=-19-(-21)=2 a,=9 a,=a+(n-1)d 9=-21+(n-1)2 9=-23+2n 32=2n n=16 9is the 16" term of AP. Q, {med. type 3} Determine the AP where 3 term is 50 and 6 term is 125. Ans. a3=a+(3-1)d=a+2d=50 r(1) ag=a+(6-1)d=a+Sd=125 (2) subtracting eq” 1 from 2. (a+ 5d) -(a + 2d) = 125-50 3d = 75 d=25 Putting din eq? 1. a+2(25) = 50 a=0 Hence, ap is 0, 25, 50, 75, Q. {med. type 4} How many multiples of 7 lie between 10 to 99? ANS. 14, 21, 28.98 are the multiples between 10 to 99. Here, a=14 an=at(n-1)d 98 =14+(n-1)7 n=13 So, there lie 13 multiples of 7 in between 10 to 99. =7 a,=98 Q, {med. type 5} Find the 5" term from the last term of the AP 2, 5, Bjeasemenns65, Ans. AP in reverse order is 65,. , 8,5, 2 Here,a=65 d=2-5=-3 n=5 a,=at(n-1)d as = 65 + (5 - 1) (-3) as=53 The 5" term from the last is 53. TRICK :) 7 = last term becomes the first term When Gp reverse the AP. More Q. 1) Check whether -111 is a term of the AP 61, 58, 55, . 2) The 20"term of an AP exceeds 15" term by 45. Find the 6 term ifa=0. 3) For what value of n, are the n' terms of two APs: 10, 13, 16,...... and 250, 245, 240 equal? 4) Katilbabu saves 2111 per month and increases his saving by 825 every month, in which month his monthly saving be 7936? THE SUM OF THE FIRST TERMS OF AN AP IS GIVEN BY s, = [2a+(n-1)d] or Sn=5 [a + an) } Find the sum of first 20 terms of AP 1, 3, 5, 7, «++ a {easy type 1 Here,a=1 n=20 d=3-1=2 Ans. © S25 [2a+(n-2) a) sTuby TEP 2 ut =F [2(1)+ (20-121 Keep a blank sheet to write al? 5-2 > ; = 400. doubts/questions or poi" ) so the sum of first 20 terms is 400. Q. {easy type 2} If the sum of first 15 terms of AP is 195 term. and the first term is 6, find the 8"" Ans. Here, a=6 n=15 S,=195 $= [2a+(n-1) d] #DADJORE228 Q. Why was the math book depressed? 195 =8 [2(6) + (15 - 1) d] A, It had a lot of problens, 26=12+ 14d 14 d=+= 14 an=a+(n-1)d ag=6+(8-1)1 ag= 13 The 8" term is 13. Q. {med. type 3} Find the sum of AP if the first term is 17, last term is 350 and common difference is 9. Ans, Here,a=17 a,=350 d=9 an=at(n-1)d 350=17+(n-1)9 n=38 Sn=F (at an) Sy= = (17 + 350) 5, = 6969. The sum of AP is 6969. (Oh, double nice!!!) More Q. 1. How many terms of AP 24, 21, 18, ......... Must be taken so that their sum is 78? 2. Find the sum of first 35 odd numbers? 3. Find the sum of first 12 terms of the last of numbers whose n" term is given by an=8+ : n 4. If the sum of first 8 terms is zero and the sum of first 11 terms is 33. Find the sum of first 5 terms. HARD Q. The sum of the third and the seventh terms of an AP is 6 and their product is 8. find the sum of first 10 terms of the AP. | 02.162 157153 145 156 40 143 162 141 (71157 [56 163 40 163 164 151 154.154 40 143 157 154 157 162 56 40 TRIANGLES THE ONE WHERE EVERYTHING IS SO'SIMIRAL. Two triangles are similar, if 1. their corresponding angles are equal. 2. their corresponding sides are proportional. Be a self-motivator, because Not else is going to push you, * Theorems: ss | (1) If DE || Bc A Then 42 = 4= DB EC > Ifa line drawn Parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct Points, the other two sides are divided in the d E same ratio. (2) f B= 8 | Then, DE || BC — Ifa line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is parallelte third side. Q. Find in the following figure if BE || CD? ae ANs. 3672 5 AE 125 5 ED 5 2 ; AB_AE_5 Since, Fo = Ep 72 ‘ So, BE|| CD. — (theorem) Z Yes, BE is parallel to CD. J C e BE || CD. Q, In the following figure. If BF || CH and FE | | HD. Then Pras Ans. Since BF || CD AB _ AF m — gam ‘theore! ) So BCharH (1) (the Since FE || HD so AE =A (2) (theorem) ser ED FH From 1&2 ap AE 4 D BC ED (theorem) Hence, BE || CD c iid CRITERIA FOR SIMILARITY OF TRIANGLES 1. (AAA) - If all angles are equal then two triangles are similar. ) aa in 2. (885) - If sides of triangle 1 are in proportion with triangle 2, then both triangles a re similar. 3, (SAS) - if one angle is equal and two sides are in ratio. Then triangles are similar. fo A e ye _ac_ 2 pq. PR OR zazcP 28=2Q 8 ie R Aeros AABC DPAR Q Q. If AB = AD, AC 1 FD and FE 1 AD. Prove AABC ~ AFED. ‘Ans. In ABC & AADC ZC=ZE (90) 2ZB=ZD (as AB = AD, isosceles triangle) AABC ~ AADC (AA similarity) In AFED & AACD ZE=2C (90) ZD=ZD (common) E AFED ~ AACD (AA similarity) So, AABC ~ AFED ~ AADC Hence proved. AC_ AB _ Qif anieee & 21= 22. Prove AAED ~ AABC. Ans, In AAEC & ZA=2C So, AE = EC AC _ AB AD EC AC _ AB Tore at) In QAED & AABC AC _ AB wi ag (from 1) oe 4A (common) 0 AAED ~ AABC (SAS similarity) /\ Hence proved. A) _ More Q. Show that (1) AAEP ~ AcDP (2) ABD ~ ACBE (3) AAEP ~ AADB AREA OF SIMILAR TRIANGLES Ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal to square of ratio of their sides. If AABC ~ AxyYZ wor” Gr) ~Ge) (x, y) or (x-coordinate , y-coordinate) or (abscissa , ordinate) at Hp —7m DISTANCE FORMULA Distance between two point (x;, y,) and (x2, Yo) Cy) D=V 2 — x4)? + (yy)? , Q. {easy type 1} Find distance between the two points (4,5) and (7, 6). Ans. D= ¥(%2—%4)? + (v2 —y,)? ¢ 9 v= (7-4? + 6-5 0=¥(3)? + 1)? Y D=V9 +1 b=Vi0 C%25Y2) Q. {med type 2} Find a point on the y-axis which is equidistant from the points A(6 , 10) and B(-4, 6). Ans. A point on y-axis is in form of (0, y). Let this point be P(O, y). as P is equidistant from A and B AP = BP MOTIVATION 6 — 0)? + (10 — y)? = ( ) ¢ yy ‘Study now and ‘sleep later in (-4 = 0)? + 6 — y)? your private jet. (6 - 0)- (10 - y)?= (-4 - 0)?- (6 - y)? 36 + 100 + y*- 20y = 16 + 36 +y?- 12y A 5 2 2 > ¥=105 1h The required point is (0, 10.5) More g. 1. (med type 3} Show that the points (0, 6), (3, 1), (-2, -2) and (-5 , 3) form a square. {Hint: Show that AB = BC = CD = DA as square has equal sides after that show AC = BD as. Sduare has equal diagonals.] . {Med type 4} Do the points (-3,, -2), (2, 3) and(-2, -3) form a triangle? INt: To form a triangle the sum of any two sides should be greater than third) Find the value of y for which the distance between the points A (2, 3) and B (-1, y) is 5. ~~ . | 4. {med type 5} Are the points (-8 , -10), (10 , 8) and (1, -1) ina straight line? , {med type 2} 4, -3) {Hint: To be in a straight line the sum of two short sides should be equal to the longest Side, and Bl ) OR area of triangle = 0] ans. Unknown Using the SECTION FORMULA 3 A point P(x, y) divides the line segment joining the point A(x:, y1) and B(x2, Yz) internally in the ratio m,: m; max2 + maxs | Maya + Mays y my+mz, ' my +m2 (x,y) m, me Some tips: - ° 1. When finding a midpoint the ratios 1:1 30, (x, 14) (uy Crary) Midpoint(x, y) = (22%, 2=#%) 21213 (7, 3) divides th Q, {hard type 3} 2. When you have to find an unknown ratio, use k:1 where k = m,: m; [Kuki ise use kar k joining the poin calculation easy ho jati hai, baki tumhari mrzi] Hence, (x, y) = (“224% bat ) Ans. Let the lir Ea ratio k:1 at poin Q. {easy type 1} Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining Coordinat (8 , 2) and (20, -4) in ratio (2:1). (eee | een Ans. Here,m:m2= 2:1 Clleson? (xa, ya) = (8, 2) 2k+ 1 3) (x2, Ya) = (20, -4) kta Using section formula Kei (x, yp= (Mette mae + may Ratio = 3: my + m2 m, +m 2(20) + 1(8) 2(-4) +1(2) aH! ae) 3x+y-9=0di (x, y)= wwe, 2) (x,y) = (16, -2) (16 , -2) is the required point. More Q. 1. If the point A [Hint: midpoint. 2. Find the ratic (-8, -1). also fir #DADSOREL41 M Q. Why you should never trust a math ~ teacher holding a graph paper? The am eople A. They aust be plotting something, last mo grade a {med type 2} In what ratio does point (7 , 3) di i ae (7, 3) divide the line segment joining points A(8, 5) Ans. Unknown ratio = kt Using the section formula k XetX1 kyo+y1 ) Watch a YouTube video on a topic/ lesson you don't understand, (x, y=( kt+1 ' k+1 4k+8 -3k +5 (7,3) Gan kt. ) 50, 7a k+L 7k+7=4k+8 ee 3 kd = 1:3 (7, 3) divides the line segment in a 1:3 ratio. Q, {hard type 3} Determine the ratio in which line 3x + y—9 = 0, divides the line segment joining the points (1,3) and (2,7). ‘Ans. Let the line 3x +y-9= O divide the line segment joining A(1, 3) and B(2, 7) in the ratio k:1 at point C. Coordinates of C are (23 7k +3) ke / k+d Clies on 3x+y-9=0 2k+ 1 7k + 3, ater tp) 9-0 3 a Ratio = 3:4 3x+y—9 =O divides the line segment in 3:4 ratio. More Q. 1. Ifthe point A(2, 1), B(6, y), C(x ,10) and D(9 , 9) form a parallelogram. Find x and y. (Hint: midpoint of AC = midpoint of BD] and 2. Find the ratio in which x-axis divides the line segment joining the points (-12, 5) (8, -1), also find the point of intersection. The people who say they study at last moment and get higher grades are smart liars. AREA OF TRIANGLE (3 . ™~ Area of Triangle = ; [ Xa(y2- ya) + Xaly3- v2) + Xa(Va- Va)] ‘ | For collinear Points: Area of triangle =O Care) Cay) Q. {easy type 1} Find the area of triangle formed by A(O, 1), B(3 , 5) and C(-1, 3). | Ans. | Area of triangle ABC = [ xa(y2- ys) + X2(ya- ya) + Xa(Va- Y2)] = 3 [0(5 -3) + 3(3 - 1) +(-1)(1-5)) =5[0+6+4) =} (10) =S So, the area of triangle ABC is 5 units. Q. {easy type 2} Find the value of y if points A(-1, 1), B(2, y) and C(S,, 9) are collinear. | | Ans. For the ABC to be collinear, area of triangle ABC should be 0. Area of triangle ABC =+ [ xa(ya- ya) + X2(y3- Ya) + Xa(y1- y2)] | [Uy - 9) +2(9-1) + 5(1- yy] O=-ly+9+16+5-Sy 6y = 30 y=5 he value of y is 5. a 1 2 More Q. 1. Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD. A(-8 , -4), B(-6, ~10), C(6,, -4) and D (4, 6). [Hint: area of ABCD = area of triangle ABC + area of triangle BCD) a DOKKGK DOKKGK GF ZIT VOSS, O'SS QSVQNL UTZ XH QYZTK.O YO8S. QER UITZITKLO KXF, UQsA OK IAT EKQUS O'S LTZ ON UCQSL QFR QEIOTCT ZITO O88, sa INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY I HOPE TRIGO PUNS AREN'T A SIN COS I LOVE THEM. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS P (Perpendicular) sTupyTP | ‘Make a song with the lesson. zq (Pak Bhuka Pyasa, | s Hindustan Hara Bhra.) BC i sinA BC _ ac ; scpeasanani SMA fag BO. Ac Also, tan A=" [as, 75 a 5 Q, {easy type1} Given 12 tan A=5, Find the other trigonometric ratios of the angle A. Ans, Let's draw a AABC Cc BC tanA= ae 5 tanA= ia A 8 Therefore BC = 5k and AB = 12k, where k is positive number. Using Pythagoras theorem, AC? = AB? + BC? AC? = (12k)? + (5k)? AC? = 169k? AC = 13k AB_12k_ 12 COS A= FO 3h 13 cosec A= —1_ = pee 218 eee imaeee secA="5"a cotA=mans Q, {easy type 2} In AABC right angled at B, AB = 3cm and BC + AC = 9cm. Find the value of sin A, cos Aand tan A. ‘Ans. Using Pythagoras Theorem AC? = AB? + BC? AC? = (3)? + (9- AC)? AC? =9+81+AC?—18AC 18AC=90 AC=5S BC+AC=9 BC=9-S=4cem 4 Be sina =25 a cosa=48= 4c tana =25 = iB VALUE OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS FOR SPECIFIC ANGLES i sina, 0 cos A 1 tanA 0 Q. {easy type 1} In DABC, right angled at B, AB = 15cm and ZACB = 60°. Find the length of sides BC and AC. AB Ans. sin C =< ac in 60° = 22 Sin 60° = == B35 2 ac AC =32 =10V3 em AB tan Bc v3 45 BC vo 1S tan 60° == 5 Be BC= 3cm ale slg mim |B Cc Bem Svievig 8 + Slr Sle G not defined c \Sem feasy type 2} If tan (a ‘ans. ton (A+B)=21 ~~ tan 90° = 1 So, A+ B= 90° va cos (A+B) ="F va cos 30° = 2 So, A-B = 30° subtracting 2 from 1 (A+ B)-(A-B)=9 2B = 60° B= 30° At A+ 30° = 90" A=60° TRIGONOMETRIC RATI sin (90° — A) = cos A cos (90°— A) =sinA tan (90° — A) = cot A cot (90° a) =tan A Sec (90° — A) = cosec A Cosec (90°— A) =secA Q. feasy} show that tan 69 Ans. tan 69° tan 21° = tan 69° cot (90-2 = tan 69° cot 69° = fan ese tan cor Hence tg ‘ence, tan 69° tan 21° =1 ser. ! Q. {easy type 2) If tan (A +B) = 1, cos (A— B) = Ans, tan (A+B)=1 tan 90°=1 So,A+B=90 (1) a cos (A+B) == . v3 cos 30° = What you want is on the other side of your fears. So,A-B=30° esses (2) subtracting 2 from 1 (A+B) —(A-B) = 90°- 30° A 28 = 60° A =30° £ B=30 e ARS A+B=90° ; A+ 30° =90° — oA = 7 A=60° TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES sin (90° — A) = cos A cos (90°- A) =sinA ‘#DADJOKE18 tan (90° - A) = cot A Dad: Hey wifey Why are you so cosec (90°- C)? cot (90°- A) = tanA Mum: Whattttttt??? Dad: I meant sec(C). sec (90° A) = cosec A cosec (90°- A) = secA Q. {easy} Show that tan 69° tan 21°= 1 Ans. tan 69° tan 21° = tan 69° cot (90 - 21)° = tan 69° cot 69° Hence, tan 69° tan 21° = 1 Q. {easy} If sin 5A = cos (A— 12"), where SA is an acute angle. Find the value of A. Ans. Given, sin 5A = cos (A— 12°) sin 5A = cos (90° — SA) From1&2 cos (90°— 5A) = cos (A- 12°) 90°—SA=A-12° 102° = 6A A=17° TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES 1) cos*A+sin?A=1 #DADJORE26 2 2 2)1+tan*A=sec*A My wifey is cosine squared and in sine squared and together we are one, 3) cot? A+1=cosec’A Q. {easy} solve sin 40° cos 50° + cos 40° sin 50° 2. 2 Ans. sin 40° cos 50° + cos 40° sin 50° sin 40° cos (90 — 50)* + cos 40° sin (90 — 50)° 3 + = 1 sin 40° sin 40° + cos 40° cos40° sin? 40° + cos? 40° p> Ways to solve prove wale difficult questions. > If question is something like tanAcosA lah blah = a number (usually 0, 1 or 2) Then just use the identities and solve the question. > If question is something like tan ACOSA..........blah blah = tan A cos A..... Here you can try solving it by 1. Simply by using the three identities. 2. Simplify the question into sin & cos then prove. 3. Don't forget to use identities like (i) a’—b’=(a+b) (a—b) (ii) (a+b)?=a° +b? + 2ab (ii) (a—b)? =a? +b? 2ab (iv) a°—b? = (a—b) (a” +b? + 2ab) (v) a?+b?=(a +b) (a’ +b’ — 2ab) and so on. Here a & b will usually be sin A, cos A, tan A etc. blah blah 4, Solve RHS & LHS separately, 5, Do all NCERT questions of prove & pay close attention to he question was solved. w each and every a. {med} Prove (sin A + cosec A)? + (cos A+ sec A)?=7+tan?A+cot2A Ans. (sin A + cosec A)” + (cos A + sec A)? = sin? A+ cosec’ A +2 sin A cosec A + cos*A +sec? A +2cosAsecA =(sin’ 2A) + 2 A+ sec? ins (= 1 = (sin? A + cos’ A) + cosec’ A + sec’ A +2 sin A([=) + 2 cos A (=>) =1+(1+cot?A)+(1+tan?A)+2+2 =7+cot?A+ tan? A tana cota —— =1+secAcosecA. Q. {med} Prove Fr cota * 1- tana Ans. Taking L.H.S. __tana cota “4-cotA 1-tanA MOTIVATION 2 tana a. - i” a-tanA Trying now is better than crying later. tana __tan?A 1 “tanA-1 tanA (1- tana) Taking L.C.M. ___tan3a-1 \ “tana (1— tanA) using, a? — b? = (a - b) (a? + b’ + ab) A _ (1- tana) (tan?A + tanA + 1) i tana (1- tana) ~ (tan2A + tana +1) - tana =tanA+1+cotA =1+tanA+cotA = 145i , cosa hingleme Cuposé w1 4 WA costa WHAT Wil You Ko sind cosA 4 2 ? i SiNA cosA =1+sec A cosec A Sia 71813 0 © 412915 237192670312 22 813127 22 3187. _— yy SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRy Co SAME OLD TRIGO BUT NEXT, CHAPTE! Let's doa quick revision. P i P oe ; tanA== sin A == ; cos A= = ; B o 30° 45° 60° 90° | sina 0 a z ae is | | cos A 1 v3 a 1 0 | | to! | tanA | 0 i 1 v3 not defined | v3 Time to learn about a few new terms * Line of sight * Angle of elevation * Angle of depression Object Observer le \eteiith Horizontal Level Observer | g, You are 1.7. of elevation to (You may take Ans. CE =BC- — = BC. DE = AB tan 30° = 1 _ BC wos BC = v3 CE = 1.75 CE=1.75 CE = 3.48 The height of sta Q. Your crush is s 30°. You move 20 tallis the building Our crushes) Ans. AB=aD +r AB=20+ tan 45° = BC =a z8 Said The builg ing is 20. iS - you are 1,75m are tall and 3m away from the stage on which BTS is performing. The angle j to the top of the stage from your eyes is 30°. What is the height of the stage? 2. : of elevation (you may take V3 = 1.73) n ce = BC+ BE c ns. ps gc + 1.75cm Shoge DE=AB=3 3 BC tan 30°= 35 A Z) 08 Bc = v3 (15m CE =1.75 + V3 £21.75 +1.73 CE= 3.48 o os” Sm you see her with an angle elevation of E The height of stage is 3.48m. ding on the top of the building; Joser to the building and see her with an angle of elevation of 45°. How kyuki thats how small we all feel in front of Q, Your crush is stan 30°. You move 20m cl tallis the building? (assuming your height is Om our crushes) Ans, AB=AD +DB AB=20+x CS tan 45° = 25 DB 1228 DB DB =CB=x tan 30° = 22 AB a. V3 204+x 20+x= V3x 20 v3-1 The building is 22 gis = m tall. Ge). MOTIVATION Exams can be a nightmare or a fairy tale based on how much you are prepared. —— x Q. Ok let’s reverse the situation. You are in the balcony of your house which is 30m aboye | the ground. You see your crush at angle of depression of 30°. She is coming towards yoy, | house LOL. Now you see her at angle of depression of 60°. Calculate how much distance travelled between these two moments. Ans. In AABD 2A=90° - 30° = 60° 30° In MABC 2A=90° - 60° = 30° AB = 30m. —30n——> © tan 60° = 22 L d — Q v3=2 30 BD = 30V3 2 = BE tan 30 a5 1 Be v3 30 30_ BC = = 103 CD = BD- BC oe = 30V3- 10V3 Study because even your crush wants = 20¥3 m wa to see you be successful. he travelled 20V3 m. MOTIVATION More Q. 1. From the top of a 10m high building, the angle of elevation of the top of a tower is 60° and the angle of depression of its foot is 45°. Determine the height of the tower. 2. The angle of elevation of the top of the tower at a distance of 4m and 9m from the ba* of the tower are complementary (i.e. The sum of two angles is 90°). Prove that the nei" of tower is 6m. Can you open the look? 68d one digit ig right and in its place. 1-4) one digit ie right, but in the wrong place bod two digits are right but both are in wrong place. (7.3 Ball digits are wrong, B 8 Clone digit ie right, but in the wrong place. What's the code? RIEND CIRCLE, FRIEND TRIANG, A « Aline which intersects at two points is called O CD asecant. Aline which intersects circle at just one point is called a tangent. There is only one tangent at a point of the 6 Y circle. AB is a secant. 1s a tinge Acircle can have only 2 parallel tangents to each other. Tangent is always perpendicular to the center of circle. No tangent passes through a point if it is inside the circle. Ifthe point is on the circle, then one tangent passes through it. Ifthe point is outside the circle, then two O " T — (\ tangents pass through it. Here, a Tangents drawn by the point outside the ATPo & ATQo yy circle are always equal to each other, Q Q.Find the length of xz, if XY & XZ are tangents to a circle with radius of Sem. ZY = 8cm. Ans. AXYZ is an isosceles triangle as XZ = XY. So, XO 1 ZY and it bisects ZY. In AZAO. (20) = (Ao)? + (za)? S=(a0}+ (2) AO? = 25-16 zt q AO =3cm In AZAX \ (2X)? = (Za)? + (ax)? (2)? = (4)? + (ax)? In dxz0 Y MO} = (2x)? 4 (2092 ox +3 2 (5)24 (4)2 + (axy? *8AX+9=414 ay? AX = 32 _ 16 63cm ~~ MOTI IN When your goals are morg important than a party, wet ICor tothe 1% club, Q. There are two concentric circles. The length of chord of the larger circle with radii Sem which touches the smaller is 8cm. Find the radii of the small circle. Ans. Let XY be the chord, O be the centre and P the point of contact. XY = 8cm X OX = Scm Since OX = OY and AOXY is isosceles. Since XY is a tangent. So, OP 1 XY and OP bisects xP. In AOXP (OX)? = (OP)? + (xP)? (5° = (oP)? + (¢)° OP = V25- 16 = 3cm The radii of smaller circle is 3cm. More Q. 1. Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus, 2. The length of a tangent from point A at a distance 13cm from the centre of the circleis 12cm. Find the radii of the circle. Cirle of Life: Some eacred text suggest that people die and then th until you manage to break the circle. So, does that mean that we ar ue tall ourselves because we are scared of falling into the void? wy are reborn again and this cycle goes on forever and oe" ® stuck in this world for al of eternity? or ie it eome kind 0 CONS RUCTION p XEN pIVISION OF A LINE SEGMENT IN A m:n RATIO (1) Take a line segment AB, (Let's assume the ratio m:n here is 3:5) (2) Draw AX making an acute angle with AB. (3) Locate (m + n) points on AX. Here it will be 8 points (3 +5) such that A; = A, Ay Az, As, Ay As, As, Ay, As Aa=Aa=As=Ag= Ay = Ag, _™ (4) Join Bag. (5) Through the Point A3 (as m = 3) draw a line parallel to AgB. It will intersect AB at the point Csuch that AC:CB = 3:5, ae CONSTRUCT A TRIANGLE SIMILAR TO A GIVEN TRIANGLE AS PER GIVEN 5 ca FACTOR. * (1) We have a AABC & let the scale factor be 4, 3 c A B (2) Draw ZABX = acute angle. Divide it into equal parts (Here, 4 parts) and join it in that raj, Cc Read ION AAB‘C’ is the triangle required. If you don’t build you! dream, someone else hire you to build thels- 6 le qucTioN OF TANGENTS TO A CIRCLE st con awa circle with centre O and an exterior point P. (Their values are given in Questions) or w (a)soin PO & bisects it. Let M be midpoint of PO. (PM = MO) {a) Taking M as centre and MO as radius, draw a circle. Let it intersect the given circle at point Q & R. ¥ #DADJOKE986 I’ 11 do algebra, and I’ ll do trig. I’ 11 even do statistics but construction is where I draw the line. More Q. 1. Draw a line segment of length 7cm and divide it in the ratio 4:3. 2. Draw a triangle ABC with side BC = 6cm, AB = 8cm and ZABC = 60°, then construct, triangle whose sides are fof the corresponding side of AABC. 3. Drawa circle of radius Scm. From a point 8cm away from its centre, construct a Pairg| | tangents to the circle and measure their lengths. prea 4 Fran>. a JoratreosoanorecunevLG a a PAS SVENEGCENIV >EECCOrF-vngE vFee NMGOVEFeLI>E mNOALHIIFL AOAIAL Ido. r>nreurns?’VvVVvVEs0>nrarves, cos > etc \ Se» / Then we can use them to find the area of segment. Q. {hard} Find the area of the shaded part in the following figure. AB = 14cm & ZB =6y ru? Ans. Area of sector = mr? x ae = 2 x14x14x = 8 = 8 om? “60\. 3 ANY ce Let's draw BM | AC Since AB = BC. Therefore, by RHS congruence AAMB = ACMB. Zam == Sin 307= 1AM 2 14 AM = 7em Cos 30° = a mM a M 2 14 BM = 7V3cm AC=AM x2 AC=7x2 AC = 14cm Area of AABC = 3x BM x AC = 3x 73x 14 = 49Vv3em Area of segment = Area of sector ~ Area of triangle —agy¥ = 208 aur m? 308-147V3 Se cm? s#DADJORE36 Q. My is it called it AL Area of segment is _— ret ind the area of shaded area. Radius of every circle cutout is 35cm, otal NO of semicircle=4 =2 complete circle ass: otal NO of quadrant = 4 =1complete circle A prea of cutouts = Total no. i circles x area of circle = (241) x mr’ =3x 2x 35 x 35 = 11550cm* AB=4r area of square = (AB) =(4x 35) = 19600cm” Q Shaded area = Area of square — Area of cutouts = 19600 - 11550 = 8050cm? More Q. find the area of shaded parts in the following figures: PP surrAce AREASI4 VOLUMES 2Aeded-f-)5) o AREA=51 TUNAK TUNAK TUN (VOLUME GOES yh Cube * Total Surface Area (TSA) = 6a" * Volume = a? * Diagonal = /3a MOTIVATION Formulas don't * easier YOU just get yg Cuboid r * TSA = 2(Ib + bh + hil) KN © Volume =|xbxh h * Diagonal of a cube = Vi? +b? + he | © Area of four walls = 2(1+ b)h Cylinder * Area of each end (base) = nr? © Curved Surface Area (CSA) = 2nrh h © TSA = 2nrh + 2nr? © Volume= nr’h Hollow Cylinder ——, * Area of each end (base) = n (R’- 7°) CSE © CSA = 2rh(R +r) © TSA = 2mth(R +r) + 2n(R2- P) © Volume = nh(R? 1?) Sphere = © TSA = 4nr? r tae © Volume => Tm Hemisphere © CSA=2nr © TSA =2nr +n = 3nr LY 2 . Volume = 5° » ( ) Volume =5n(R?- 7) fe TSA=4n(R? +r) \ 7 A a> stuff 10 litre "gem? = Llitre : "ig of water released = Area of CS. x Rate of flow x Time v0 nevolume and total surface area of the following frustum of cone, the | ged e=tnh(R?+r° + Rr) 3 atx 2x 10 « (11) + (4)? + (21)(4)] “307 2x 181 2 Hem 0 an ent 2 10 em kee (RH)? (:/i8+ (1-4)? (i bs. yum Vor "WenilR +r) +R? + ne? PevTBU +4) Zar? Beg? BOT +3014 Eo? Vndthe volume and TSA of the following punch me balloon!!! 0 om Sem S#DADJORE99% @. What’ s a maths teacher’ s favorite kind of tree? A. Geonetry Ans. Vol of cone ume of balloon = a of fue + Vol. of cylinder ae =inr P+ nh +5 tah 1, Bx? x) =Ex2x ya a7 x04 G7 265" ae +1540 +722 = 2546 3 = 2515.33. cm? TSA of balloon = CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cylin = 2nr? + 2nrh + nl Z camber eter 10 eT ert csA of cone = 308 + 440 + 22V74 = 748 + 22v74.cm" 0 fill up a cube with water from a pipe with a radius of 3. 5cm. The rateg Find the length of cube. Q. It takes 40 mins t minute. flow of water through pipe is 0. 5 litres per Ans. Volume of water released = Area of pipe mouth x Rate of flow x Time : = 22 x (3,5)?x 0.5 x40 - 70 litres = 770000 cm? volume of water released = ee of cube elena of cubes 770000 cm? a? = 770000 vo a=10V770cm More Q- Find the total surface area & volume of the following figures. Bem : lem — > i) — i) itt (Oem cylinder g 4 Frastums> loom ‘| a ae 52am (Spherical. Shel)

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