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2014). Rattan is primarily used as a building material because of its flexibility and its long stems of great
strength. It is used to provide structural pieces in furniture and construction in its un-split state
(Raycheva & Angelova, 2017). To use the rattan pole's outer skin as weaving material, it is usually peeled
off. The skin is cut into strips and used to weave chair seats and backs as well as to bind furniture joints
Additionally, rattan is considered as one of the most essential and significant raw materials that have
been continuously utilized in the Philippines. As a material, rattan is lightweight and supple, can
withstand extreme conditions of humidity and temperature, and incorporates a natural resistance to
insects (Grass, 2019). It has wide and diverse applications, including the production of furniture,
Aside from that, Gu & Zhang (2020) stated that natural rattan strips are widely woven into seat and back
supporting surfaces of seating furniture through traditional handicraft techniques and simple weaving
machinery. Natural rattan strips offer sitters flexible, lightweight, breathable, comfortable, and long-
lasting support.
Woven furniture follows the basic rules of basket weaving; thus, some of the shapes produced bear a
strong resemblance to a basket or receptacle. Basketry, as defined by Balfet and cited by Raycheva and
Angelova (2017), is the creation of receptacles made of interwoven rather than rigid material. Still, it
may also include pliant sacks made of a mesh indistinguishable from netting – or garments or pieces of
furniture made of the same materials and using the same processes as classical basket-making.
Furthermore, rattan furniture has low embodied energy and therefore is considered more
environmentally friendly than furniture produced from other materials such as wood, metals, and
plastics (Amoah et al., 2017). Rattan products have some advantages compared to other industrial forest
raw materials since the products are relatively cheaper in cost, stiffer, durable, beautiful, comfortable to
use, light, portable, and have an aesthetic sense (Aminah et al., 2017; Edi Glenn, 2014).
In 2019, the Asia-Pacific region remained the largest exporting area of rattan products, exporting USD
299 million worth of rattan products, or 82% of the world total (INBAR, 2021). Due to the increasing
demand for environmentally friendly products in Europe and the United States, the position of rattan on
the world market is expanding (Nfornkah et al., 2022). The world’s rattan sector is estimated to generate
global revenue of USD 10 billion annually (Myers, 2015; Gonmadje et al., 2018).
According to Ngo-Samnick (2012), rattan can be grown and harvested in a sustainable manner due to its
rapid growth and ability to adapt to a wide range of ecological conditions. Additionally, it offers an
alternative to timber logging, protecting forest resources in the process. According to Gonmadje et al.,
as cited by Nfornkah et al. (2022) the rattan harvesting cycle can take 3–4 years, and collectors harvest
10–15 stems per month, for which the cost of a bundle varies between $3.54 in rural areas and $21.21
in urban areas.
Rattan products are becoming more and more commoditized as a result of increased globalization, and
artisans nowadays find their products competing with goods from all around the world. To be
competitive in the current market environment, rattan furniture manufacturers and makers must adopt
an innovative strategy that will give them a competitive edge not only in the aspects of technology but