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Promises

Promises in JavaScript are used to handle asynchronous operations. A promise has four states: pending, fulfilled, rejected, and settled. It is created with the Promise constructor which takes a callback with resolve and reject functions. Resolve is called when the async operation succeeds, reject when it fails. Promises improve on callbacks for handling multiple asynchronous tasks. They can be consumed using then() for fulfillment and catch() for rejection.

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Imran Khan
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52 views

Promises

Promises in JavaScript are used to handle asynchronous operations. A promise has four states: pending, fulfilled, rejected, and settled. It is created with the Promise constructor which takes a callback with resolve and reject functions. Resolve is called when the async operation succeeds, reject when it fails. Promises improve on callbacks for handling multiple asynchronous tasks. They can be consumed using then() for fulfillment and catch() for rejection.

Uploaded by

Imran Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Saif Mujawar

@webbysaif

What is the use of


promises in Javascript?
Saif Mujawar
@webbysaif

Before promises, callbacks were used to handle asynchronous


operations. But due to the limited functionality of callbacks, using
multiple callbacks to handle asynchronous code can lead to
unmanageable code.

Promise object has four states :-


Pending - Initial state of promise. This state represents that the
promise has neither been fulfilled nor been rejected, it is in the
pending state.

Fulfilled - This state represents that the promise has been


fulfilled, meaning the async operation is completed.

Rejected - This state represents that the promise has been


rejected for some reason, meaning the async operation has
failed.

Settled - This state represents that the promise has been either
rejected or fulfilled.
Saif Mujawar
@webbysaif

A promise is created using the Promise constructor which takes in a


callback function with two parameters, resolve and reject
respectively.

new Promise()
resolve() reject()
Go to next action Handle Error

resolve is a function that will be called when the async operation


has been successfully completed.

reject is a function that will be called, when the async operation


fails or if some error occurs.
Saif Mujawar
@webbysaif

Example of a promise:
Promises are used to handle asynchronous operations like server requests, for
ease of understanding, we are using an operation to calculate the sum of three
elements.
Saif Mujawar
@webbysaif

In the code above, we are calculating the sum of three elements, if the length of
the elements array is more than 3, a promise is rejected, or else the promise is
resolved and the sum is returned.

We can consume any promise by attaching then() and catch() methods to the
consumer.

.then() .then()

Initial Success Success Failure


Task Task Task Task

.catch()
Saif Mujawar
@webbysaif

then() method is used to access the result when the promise is fulfilled.

catch() method is used to access the result/error when the promise is


rejected. In the code below, we are consuming the promise:
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And That's it!!!


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useful?

Saif Mujawar
@webbysaif

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