Smart Lecture Sheet

Topic:Connectors

Prepared by:Adman Shakib Alif.

Dept.Of English,University Of Chittagong.

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🔰কথা বলার সময় বা কোন কিছু লেখার সময় বাক্যগুলোর ভেতর সঙ্গতি বা যৌক্তিক চলমানতা বজায় রাখার
জন্য মাঝে মধ্যে বিভিন্ন ধরনের word বা phrase ব্যবহৃত হয়।এ জাতীয় word বা phrase কে sentence
connector বলে।যেমনঃtherefore,but,next,in fact,of course,in brief,on the other hand.

ঘটনার ক্রম বা ধারাবাহিকতা বু ঝাতে Linking Word সমূ হঃ

✅ First,firstly,at first,in the first place,at the beginning,in the beginning.

✅ Second,secondly,third,thirdly,fourth,fourthly,fifth,fifthly.
✅ In between,In the middle of.
✅ In the end,at the end,lastly,at last,finally,to sum up,in conclusion,to conclude.
✅ Next,afterwards,after that,then.
🔰I will be very busy today.First I will go to work and meet with my boss.Then I have to
do my assigned task.After that I have to return home and go to the grocery store.

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অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করতে ব্যবহৃত Linking Word সমূ হঃ

🔰and,both….and,or,either…..or,neither……..nor,as well as,too,like wise,also,so on,apart

from,similarly,again.

And(এবং,ও)-He met with me and talked about his family situation.

Either…or(হয় এটি….নয় অপরটি,হয় এই জন…...নয় অপর জন)-Either you or your sister has
talked about the issue.

Neither…….nor(এটিও নয়…...ওটিও নয়;এই জনও নয়…..ওইজনও)-Neither you nor he helped

me when I needed.

Both…..and(উভয়ই)-Both John and James are good at public speaking.

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Or(অথবা):I will take green tea or coffee.

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As well as(এবং)-Rebeka as well as his sister Monika will sit for SSC exam this year.

Not only…..but also(কেবল এটি নয়…..ওটিও)-He is not only a good student,but also a
good boy.

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In addition(অধিকন্তু)-Masud has bought an Iphone.In addition he has bought some

jewellery for her wife.
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Besides/Moreover/Furthermore(অধিকন্তু)-The man has a big restaurant.Besides he

has a jewellery shop.

Apart From(ব্যতীত)-Apart from a grocery store his father has a big restaurant.

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Too(ও)-He takes care his parents.He takes care his brothers too.

Similarly(একইভাবে)-You should respect your parents.Similarly you should respect your

teachers.

উদাহারণ প্রদান করতে Linking Word হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত words বা phrase সমূ হঃ

🔰For example,for instance,such as,namely,in other words,that is.

For example/for instance/such as/namely(উদাহারণ স্বরূ প)Many animals are called
herbivore animals,for example/for instance/such as/namely,the cow,the goat,the lamb
etc.

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In other words(অন্য কথায়)-He always works like crazy at his office.In other words,we
can say him a workaholic.
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বৈসাদৃ শ্যমূ লক তুলনা বু ঝাতে ব্যবহৃত Linking Word সমূ হঃ

🔰Instead,on the contrary/on the other

hand/but,yet,still,while/whereas/though/although/even though,despite/in spite
of,however/all the same/nevertheless/nonetheless.

Instead(পরিবর্তে ):He is not doing his assigned task.Instead he is browsing net on the
computer.

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On the contrary/On the other hand(অন্যদিকে,পক্ষান্তরে):I always help him.On the

contrary/on the other hand he misbehaves with me.

But(কিন্তু)-He worked hard all night but couldn't complete his task.

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Yet/Still(তা সত্ত্বেও)-I helped him all the time he needed.Yet/Still he complained about
me.

While/Whereas(অথচ)-You are always a hardworking person.While your brothers are

lazy at their attitude.

Although/though(যদিও)-Though he worked hard,he couldn't succeed.

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Even though(যদিও)-He gave up on his plan even though it had huge potential.

Despite/in spite of(সত্ত্বেও)-In spite of his poverty,he is a generous man.

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However/any how(যা হোক)-You couldn't do well in your exam.However you will pass on
every subject.

All the same(একই কথা)-It is all the same whether you speak about it or not.

Nevertheless/Nonetheless(সত্ত্বেও)-He was sick before his ISSB test.Nevertheless he

was selected in the test.

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সাদৃ শ্যমূ লক তুলনা বু ঝাতে ব্যবহৃত Linking Word সমূ হঃ

🔰than,as…..as,so…….as,in the same way,by far,similarly,more,most,less,least.

Than(চেয়ে,অপেক্ষা)-Volleyball is larger than cricket ball.

As…..as(মত,যেমন…...তেমন):Sumon is as efficient as his brother.

So…..as:Rana is not so clever as Rabbi.

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#as...as positive অর্থ প্রকাশে এবং so….as negative অর্থ প্রকাশে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

In the same way(একইভাবে):Jabir was a victim of circumstances.Swapnil was victimised

in the same way.

By far(যতটুকু):This phone is by far the best on the market.

কারণ প্রকাশ করতে ব্যবহৃত Linking Word সমূ হঃ

🔰Since,for,because,as,why.
Since/because/as/for(যেহেতু):He couldn't go on the trip since he was in a workshop.

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Why(কেন/কি জন্য):I don't know why he called me.

পূ র্বে যা বলা হয়েছে বা করা হয়েছে তার ফলশ্রুতিতে যা দাঁড়িয়েছে তা প্রকাশ করতে ব্যবহৃত Linking Word

সমূ হঃ

🔰so,therefore,hence,as a result,as a consequence,consequently,eventually.

So/therefore(সু তরাং,অতএব):He has travelled a long way.So he is feeling tired.

As a result/as a consequence/consequently/eventually(ফলবশতঃ,ফলে)-He didn't

study enough.As a result,he couldn't make a good result.
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Thus(এরুপে)-Abeer plays video games all the time.Thus he wastes his time.

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Naturally(স্বভাবতঃই)-He always wakes up late.Naturally he goes to school late.

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কোন কাজের উদ্দেশ্য ও ফলাফল ব্যক্ত করতে ব্যবহৃত Linking Word সমূ হঃ

Note:Linkers গুলো এক্ষেত্রে দুটো clause কে সংযুক্ত করে।

🔰Lest,so as to,so that/in order that/that,so…...that,as much as,as many as.

Lest(পাছে):He is doing his task carefully,lest he makes mistake.

So as to(যাতে):I keep the door open;so as to let fresh air enter into the room.

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So that/in order that/that(যাতে):He is working overtime so that he can earn sufficient

money for his family.

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So…..that(এত যে):The student is so dumb that he can't solve this easy math.

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As much as(এত বেশি পরিমাণ যে):He take foods in his bag as much as he can.

As many as(এত বেশি সংখ্যক যে):She took clothes in her travel bag as much as she
could.

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শর্ত আরোপ করতে ব্যবহৃত Linking Word সমূ হঃ

Note:এক্ষেত্রে Linking word গুলো দুইটি clause কে সংযুক্ত করে।

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🔰If,or/otherwise unless,until/till,provided/provided that/providing that,in case,as long

as,supposing that once,had,were,should,when.

If(যদি):If you wanted you could help me.

Or/otherwise(নচেৎ,নতুবা)-Sit here or otherwise go away.

Unless(যদি না)-You will not succeed unless you work hard.

Until/till(পর্য ন্ত,না পর্য ন্ত)-Wait here until I give you order to go there.

Provided/Provided that/Providing that(যদি)-You will be selected provided that you

do well in the audition.

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In Case(যদি-শর্ত বোঝাতে)-In case you face any problem phone me.

As long as(যতক্ষণ পর্য ন্ত)-You will not fail as long as you are dedicated to your work.

Supposing that(মনে করে)-Supposing that there is no one alive,the rescuer boat leaves
the place.

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Once(যদি একবার):Once you helped me in a very critical situation.

Had(যদি-শর্ত বু ঝাতে):Had you gone there,you would have known about the incident.

Were(যদি-শর্ত বু ঝাতে):Were I a king,I would have helped the poor.

Should(যদি-শর্ত বু ঝাতে):Should you not supported him in the election,the consequence

would be different.

When(যখন)-When you came,I was working in my garden.

সময় ও স্থান নির্দে শ করতে ব্যবহৃত Linking word সমূ হঃ

🔰at that time,there,where,as,when,while,before,after,since,as soon as,sometimes,at

present/present/recently/of late,now,then,afterward,at first,firstly,once,first time,second
time,no sooner had…..than,scarcely had…..when,hardly had….when.

At That Time(সে সময়):He sat for SSC exam in 1996.At that time he was 16 years old.

Where(যেখানে):Rajbari is the place,where I was born.

There(সেখানে):I went to Chittagong three times.There live my cousin.

As(যখন…...তখন):As he grew older,he became serious about his career.

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When(যখন):I don't know when he came.

While(যখন):I was gossiping with Ibrahim while mother called me to help her.
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Before(পূ র্বে ):The patient had died before the doctor came.

After(পরে):The doctor came after the patient had died.

Since(পরে):It's quite a long time since I went to Cox's Bazar.

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As soon as(সাথে সাথে,যেইমাত্র….সেইমাত্র):As soon as Ma'am called my name,I stood up.

Sometimes(মাঝে মাঝে):Sometimes I feel so depressed.

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At present/presently(বর্ত মানে):At present/presently he lives in Dhaka.

Now(এখন):I am watching a cricket match now.

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Then(তার পর,তখন):I came home at 2.00 P.M. Then I took my lunch.

Recently(সম্প্রতি):Recently she was appointed as a clerk in a office.

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No sooner had…..than(হতে না হতেই):No sooner had the teacher entered the room than
the students stood up.
Hardly had…..when(হতে না হতেই):Hardly had he reached the station when the train left.

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Scarcely had…..when(হতে না হতেই):Scarcely had the bell rang,I opened the door.

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Afterwards(তৎপরবর্তীতে):He was admitted to Cadet College.Afterwards he became an

Army Officer.

কোন উপসংহার বা সারসংক্ষেপ প্রকাশ করতে ব্যবহৃত Linking Word সমূ হঃ

🔰In brief,in short,to sum up,to summarise,on the whole,above all,in all/in total.
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In brief(সংক্ষেপে):He established a school in his village.He also set up a hospital.In brief

he is a kind hearted man.

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In short(সংক্ষেপে):He is sincere,intelligent,hard working.In short he is a nice person.

To sum up/to summarise(সংক্ষেপে):He went to Chittagong during last winter

vacation.He visited Sitakunda,Mirsorai,Hathazari.To sum up it was a wonderful trip.
On the whole(মোটের উপর):On the whole my exam was good.

Above all(সর্ব োপরি): He is cooperative,helpful and sincere.Above all he is a nice man to

work with.
In all/in total(মোট):There are 30 boys and 20 girls in our class.In total there are 50
students in our class.

কোন কাজের ধরন বা কাজটি কিভাবে করা হয় তা নির্দে শ করতে ব্যবহৃত Linking Word সমূ হঃ
🔰as if,as though,how,however,like,as so,by and by,as it were,such…..as,such….that.
As if/as though(যেন):He talks as if he knew everything.

How(যে ধরনে,যেভাবে):This is the way how he does that work every time.
However(যেভাবে খুশি):You can do it however you like.
As(যেমন):Research about it as I taught you.

So(যেমন….তেমন):As you sow,so you reap.

Like(মত):I can talk like him.

Such……. as/that(এমন….যে):Our country needs such army officers that are patriots.
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As it were(যেন):The camel is as it were the ship of the desert/The lion is as it were the
king of jungle.

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একই সময়ে সংঘটিত দুটি ঘটনা প্রকাশ করার জন্য ব্যবহৃত Linking Word সমূ হঃ

🔰at the same time,at that time,meanwhile,as.

At the same time(একই সময়ে):He was eating and talking with his friend on phone at the
same time.
At that time(সে সময়ে):When you phoned me,at that time I was in my class.

As(যখন):As I was gossiping with my friends in the central field I saw Akib there.

Meanwhile(ইতিমধ্যে):I entered into the meeting.Meanwhile almost all officers were

present there.

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জোড়ায় জোড়ায় ব্যবহৃত আরো কিছু Linking Words:

Whether…..or(হোক বা না হোক):It is all the same whether he knows about the matter or
not.
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Rather….than(বরং):I would rather die than beg.

Though….(যদিও…...সত্ত্বেও):Though he is so rich,he is humble.

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Linking Word হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত relative pronoun সমূ হঃ

🔰who,which,whom,whose,what,whatever,whichever,that.
Who(যে,যিনি):I know the man who teaches here.

Which(যেটি):These are the books which you wanted.

Whom(যাকে):The man whom you have talked yesterday is my father.

Whose(যার):She is the girl whose father died yesterday.

That(যেটি):This is the land that he bought last year.

What(যা):What he did is not permissible in this college.

Whoever(যেই):Whoever studies hard,shine in life.

Whatever(যা-ই):Ask me whatever you want.

Whichever(যে-ই):Whichever of you can give the solution of this problem will be

rewarded.
Relative Conjunction that ও Linking Word হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়ঃ
That(যে):He said that he would go to Paris tomorrow.
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