Antero q i Jd P P0990 Th [What in machine Fearing 7 |_—_——____——— Hochines me reid eA Atatintion| a) of arktoinl! indengence hed Beanniauen to give aomputen aystey NutY to Learn, fram deers Wihout being Expert prognammed. PML th the study of ammputen algortims that Joos mar -hiaatey improve penfpamanae dhnongh exteniene rT ML Mw | method of * data amo ly mr” nol ouctomate analy tant wedel building, ' mu L y It ww bowtaalty * meee eonaerts of MMOAANA LS , Hh reeng hn. wwieh oe aan aehteve Ax. coined: tn 1959 ‘by Arethun Samuel: Fig: Retotonshy betMAL, ML, PL eds Scanned with CamScannerAnad Mtona| Programing Va MLi er nese ta Al TredtHHena| Preogramwning | fe Dota — : Computed output Prog Ram eet 4 Hachkine Leanning: Data Teeter} Preaream Output’ . Gh wry Machine Learning 7 Phe amoknt of Knowledge; about’ Gerttain tank fright be too large Foy expleltt, encoding BY Mumanh + wy Envi ronments ahange even tne in real voonld, thus ditheutt +o adapt - — DreRauts +o Continuously re-design rydtem Imanually . I-'ML allows +o onto Motta otlty ‘Yeon aomelex mules EFMatently from javwelled Araining date, I Gan genenatine and prediet donnectly new objects that Wor not aeen during straining. Scanned with CamScanner——J = ML explones “wos Computena oan preg roam Acnem AEWWEA 40 perform Aonk and. indreduacs automated Inte tug eet Agate. ML oppvoation downarnn Anieon ; 1) Auromortia Laing wage froang lation 2). Brnov'l Apom and? vnoll wane Pihering B) Lynoge —Reocegnrtion 4) onde "Proud dedkeadion 5) S40dK monket tmading 6) Speech Reacg nition #) Seif a Avivg oan . 8) Median| diagn enn 9). Prodket Re bem men dectism b one f te) Trafhe Pridiet'sy N) sortecin| Personal. AST STRRT n Scanned with CamScannerReal Life applications of ML! V) Face ook! th used to preomyt amyane to to4 fuceaaiashercun nen -frvendA + The doatal mnetwonks alga rds nrn ' Neeog wire from famivven wae fren’ people” Contact Wat and . usemh martivity . 2) broogle, Mapa: TA omatyaer che ppeed ‘of AraFhie ene aa nrough anonymous Lrcatten. data fiver “Arner phoven. Hin enabler geegle +e meduaec nave! Hime by auggerting ane fantert nouker: 8) Groagle Aearah! Wentd'a orggert AeaneW engin a eae oPRena neaommedationa and Auggertiom twoned lon previour uder Aearenss using ML, alge ntti, 4) Poypal: TMHe onk'ne pay wrevet) glat-femyn’ uses ' ML algormtnm te combo at Pri oud - ent Ib) Srrr amd Gentana! Voter mecegnition AY stem i oS ’ Auch oA gene and Gotana Use ML mand ether feehnologier to tmrtate Weman intenaaten, 6) Netti: Mone Anan 36% ef Tw Ahewa on Net Fire ane found through tA reaewimendetion engines, Dataset ervent]e oe opp he taste grouper, Scanned with CamScanneran ——"TtaWeh det the necommendadion engine walth pregnamrad Hho Aenwe vee qUber! User ML algsntinveng fo determing annival [amen , prake YP Leaahena, uben cuts mental deblrvers * B) Seor'fy: wm 4, figune out users Utes & ee mon > ‘ ’ tad closed diauker ond provides tne users worth (rst ,0f ™ ack * 8) Gamad! intmoducen award reply funetton ' aT allows useny tn box to nespond 4 ewsils on wien’ penelt. Ty | Mrot art fleet indiltigenee 7 a " I= Adi aia ithe oop bile) of vnaehine - tmnttate MNtEeUrgent Wk ianoin” behaviour Zorn etnen wond lereating indeltigenae ontifeially I-TA tu Pomertmes called NACE IS intetugenge: demonstrated by maehtn er conned & the natural pinteiige Woe ile ey Wear a ms ‘ LAL fousesron the “fel (ens Cowyponents of , cone Reasoning + , , i) Learning: the nimplest learning by trail and Enron, Example: A_Comprten Pmegnarns on Scanned with CamScannerAL - planning 4 Hg Solving mare tn ONE CWESS Errablem WGHA “bry moves at random unl model a clouds Knowledge representation Ba 2), Reanoming To neason tA ste dro aonatyaten ee” AP Preoprate Rs ANLAodton, Ad meprearents tn fornyne Ten of ame world dn -o awsontd Ahoel omoehine ean ubee Mh to golwe Complex task. Bxawfle » Birognoning wmedtanl aonditron. 7 2) Problem selina Qefers to’ ay ite morta eanch +4urough oa nange of possible aaHonn to neach— predefined 9.0.00) | 4) fenoeption: A process: tp. interpret, Acanine, aelect and onganize Agnsony, tnefo remerction, ther YW eoptuned Terac real worlds Ex! signt, Weanima, ane nensery reeeptons of ‘numa | A aubonen of AL that's: aomeerned with the task of finding ahe acitten ae ounce Fon on execution by Mmtellgent agents Wwile tania at 4 optimiring ovenall PE n-fsrmanee Scanned with CamScannerVN) Knowledge Rearening a Planning B) Hachktne Jearning A) Noatuol Language proacssing 5) Compuckert vinion 6) Rewoter 4) Archfaval general jmeetigence 3) Cognitive AYyAtemsy >! Peer ‘Leanming! . . PL in a nubsfictd’ of soanRene learning eoncenned with algorutnms > taspinied by Are pinnedint amd funettem of tne brain’ eatted orci Fie tal neural pttwonk Be! ANN. wine ene wonking Proaed une of he Kaman, brown 'etnrongh & layered approach. Dota Sere nee! TC cinstervdinarptrwieny’ Rela’ Dota gatence in (the Study of data) TA involves developing metheds, precesses, algonmthms and ayakems 40 extnact useful inforimortion omd Kmowkedge using date of various fonms, ie both Atruated and wnsdruaduned « Scanned with CamScannerData serence ia reloded -lo aowpuden datemee but it tao Aefanote field beanuge it Imone related Ao madthemorhas field of setts, When Matudes aolleottion, OM Ga nK Dadian analy, bnd preaentetion of data. Gyfdara_Soren-tnts Slane a mrs of Mathematiaians | friend’ 5 pottens and compuren Setenttsts vThe data serendisd ts role i” 4to decipher lange wolumes of data and Panny out Pantwen analy sis to find trends in data and gain) deepen totam: olla data sotenHst MM gomeome! who makes out’ Nowe af of atari, Openates between’ budimicas 'awid aT Wontd fond drive tmndus-troee by an nlyatng eemper datasets +o gatn on srawts hort aon pores Can devenoge Mio notions, Scanned with CamScanner=F Yl ow to de became a date sevenhsttl AO Atepas I PEevelop” nkens im ML, algebna and Stetistien, %) Learn opeut Big deta 5) bras t AIM OO thorugh Knowledge of database: 4) Learn +t. ade 5) Monten 40 pode merging, ia ualipochion land reporting, ) 6) Wonk om rteal Prana 2) Look -fon Knewiedge everywhere + 9) Develop Commun aadian aves 9) Leann 40 Caymnpote : 29) Stay up te date. wth data corentie aemmuncty yy Hew +o buld a Ganeen tn’ data barencee 7 There tO huge demand fon prople who aan mine and indepret data: Some of tne most Gammon gobs tHtles fen dota serents4r inelude — 1) Busmess intelirgenee analy ot 2) Dota mining engineen B) Pata Setentist A) Pata Aneheat . Scanned with CamScanner———— ARNIS Meeded: § Ohshreettand A) Exactent undensianding of Mt techntames and algorntinms: 2) Breer : me -ee ENCE WW aommen data setemae teols Aven om, R, Numpy ) Matin, Kenzo Pla, Python, ||9) Street aammuniaation AKMIAs 4) Expenrenae with data wmanlieahen tous vew ag. P4.43 ¢ tq 5) Profrare way tun! won’ meee iano AYN AS — SOL. : 6) Expenvence in NOSOL: database. ” PD) Pata- ontented pensendlriy | 8) Good shorts tras, SKINS, Scanned with CamScanner[| How iA Machine learning melated 40° bata Selene 7 P) Data, Satenae nm a field of Study thot aime to USE ©) SODENAL YD mperomen to Sr triaork meaning ond insights from data: ML, om the: otter hand , reefens too greuy of Pee mines used by data Serentists thot allow PRE ites “te Leann from dota, rp? ML uses many Pata Sarence tools te analyse Wage butt of informection s * ’ bb Pata serence involves ML, bind MH Mh a lorggen Pelds ML wa w Anbwdtnetple of data sevence- ly Machines leann, fram data, Expertence fon wehine iA data, Data fakes wontons formats in deffenent situation, these detalrurd s to be preaessed Tand ateantd +o be used” 9 macvanes whrah neawnes date science, H So, the Knowledge and Insranis extnareted by data setence ane used bY) Mbt mloonttnme. wus they ane neleited. ® +, Scanned with CamScanner») Pola Sarence Preoeess; Real world K Porta ts Process Build data 7 Prreduet Expeated Result Scanned with CamScanner~ ‘TA How ML aan pl Oy m role as am dada galendise 9 One of Ane Mojon and mast lyngontont 6 KIS and Rene ments fon a dota satendist tn eveactient Mudensdonding of ML Aigeritwms, Such as- KAN, INowwe Bayes, SUM, Peanion “Trees o Random Fenest ete ML. gani. help -diata’ secenaisike wm & A) Building outs mated Sooning, using me Aechonvong| a Building Necomm endothe n systems B) Impnove and extend featunes of a atassitien 4) Develop imnkennal AB testing freaedunes. 5) Butta systems fore boned ound deteeton, ete. Pata. cerendit's duties’ 4yplaally imelude — creating Vorious (Min boged= tools “om priaesses Within a ompanyy.. Avah as MEcommendahin =haine on punto wwatye dl: Lend, Storeng. AYStEMss People wituin| Mita rele Should be able to penfonm ‘these sageavrie ts ant “Therk’s weve ML flo a role, Scanned with CamScannerDoda, : ' 1 WANE Unprocessed fact, value, text )Aound ore pladune thot ta mot being intenpneted amd lamalyrcd- 1h Dota Mining, 7 Krowledgic. Pindevery — ’ 10 an atntendeinorplinany sub field of domguten ACTERCE With ON VER A goal to. ex tnaat info arate ® lange volume of data and; transform inte ow aompnehensive Atrwetund. for, funduen use, r? Preaess of unasvermbhg trend «nd! dbmmen patenns dm “ot data’ ’ : rs bid My at, Sis ; aes | TOM 8 bran af sdorte Benno wot enrencs AWrengh lange datasets’ its tdendrfy TAHenna ond: estab “Helnition giip 4 Solve Peblem —trrisngth “dota omoly sire. b> Dovta Wining tools allow emtenpniges Lo tredtet futune trends, Scanned with CamScannerMit Llortion between pata Mining. 2. Dota Catenec: ML ond Dota Mining often employ WS WRAL paotiedls and overlan jut thene ane Ame diffenenacs I) ML foouse’s on prediction, bared on Known frepentier leanntd from trating data! Dota mining foauses onthe divaoveny of unknown Propen-tes fn the dataset: 2) Dota’ mining “uses many ML methods but vortth different geals- ML also evnplogs data mening wetheds as ®Unsupenwissed —Licarning i” 8) In ML, performance mM evaluated With mespecd 4o tne ability te f nepneduee Known Knowledge prbile wn data mining”, tne Key task dats the divosvery of previousty Unknow Knowledge + Data Mining Ve Dotta’ Sa%evide: 1) Data mining WW Rinowledge discovery precess from data. Data satence fa a multi daeiplmany Feld that Govens whe nange ef technrones and applcortons, Scanned with CamScannerMove muita — ae 2 ond wrodeting 2) Para Rtg deals WHh analyst do understand aewmolex datar Dada sorenoe WA dne aaience of cr troeting useful info 4h from Jonge data gets: IB) Deals with wroetty’ Atnueked deta. Pees w on aype of data» A) tends to Find whet 18 previously Unknown , Does Aoderal omalysrs to wucld pre drative medd, 5) Makes Pata mene waluovler Puilds data centric. product tye ai bag: 6) Franses om tousiness Pm 0623945 “ ® Sttentthe . stadyy F) Ex! onstomen lrehowotin ownoty'gr'e” diss ont Retochion step obieth diseased), business Mteltegence BE! Speen reasgurttion: iwagie PLO og nition traud amd mak detection, ma) Scanned with CamScanner— — Compueter Stott s4ia gf or Stats tient Oompuding wa the indenfore bein gsndioaies Prd computen Serence: T4 ithe oneo of Cormputer Aetenee Apesite to the mMathemotinal geience of Stoch'sti'aa. p> SAots-heal methads ane enabled using Aspapuda- chiomal wethod + [2 & Example! Numerteal and Qraphant dodo omnalysts AtynuloHons, predendation of pesults . TA De eae Opti (4 dhe seleeton of best clement from pome cet of avortlable altennatives. wmode; a A_Modne moch' ‘ a , aon i to a deseription of o sy stun, USIRG Morte motel Concepts and languages TAME va optimization: | Y) optimisetion algormiamn wrimi'mige the loss ona training set: ML 4 aonaenntd with WIN iting the less on ungeen arnvneles + 2) Optimizechon Pats tn the domarn of marthemorhies, Scanned with CamScannersory ML falls on the domain of engive 3 . ' do fintd- 3B) Opinii o-tien problems ane well 7 nemorhealt, ML problems ane not of ten ma cima well deffned. ML v6 S¥ois ML models arte designed +. make {he Mest arn, Predretions . Statrstiaml medels ane designed fy, Intenence albout nelahonstip beth variables. [-? Stoch's Ha ¢ oes Wy potires ite wet eee eaee JIBS eta Brg Pata: L data that contamrg> Freaker wore ety, mone Comelen , arresting hn Ire reolstng hale from mew date Souneess PP These dota sete ane $9... VP LAM Anens drt: kraditonal data preéessing Doft wane can't mMamage thew,’ Scanned with CamScannerV3: Miva AL 1) or'g mated anound A564, 2) Repre nents Stmulated imbetiiger| Hee tn machines. B) Suvset of Pata Savence: 4) Aims to build Moaewntes whieh larie capable of think} Ute humans PL ML OL @) 19606 4) 19406 D)IA the proche of] 2) td the process Qettng machines to] Of Arteta! neural make deaisions with rnetvonk te solve lout beng pregnam tewmplex pneblems 3) Subset of ALM (A) Subset of ML, (AL amd Data iSetenee. 1 Data setence. 4) Aims +49 make 4) Rims 49 build machines LLarnn Neunal netwonks jootectean ‘ -— Scanned with CamScannerWf Unaupenvined Learning! Pomel et i Machine Learning Approaches ! creas ESSERE AY ‘ 1) Supenvined learning iW) Unpupenvined learning - s NY) Remfree ment teanning ) Supenvine Leanning! IA on appronen, Where A Computen algorithm a’ travned om iP ae Pe hak been Labeled fon a pamtioulart o/P- e machines Leann exp hertty! with he “mele of labels.’ S.L ta geod ot alasethanten and Regnes ston problem: yy Ext ' / into spam] own, CAAA AIR aoch'on ‘of “Vrall idemtr fy: POHtENNS im dovrtasete Shock 9 et an Pretthen alassrfied non labeled. yy . are : 119) oruttinn learn +5 tdentrfy potterns A@eond ne bo AimNaw+ es ond diffenencen even Hhene A mo eatenentes Mone thongn Provided, complex than Sb, Scanned with CamScannerI| Retnvona ement Learning! bata(in -forven, of reward and rMniah ment) ane DIMEN on Feed badk te! the Program’: aatiom tne dy Wounte envinen ment. [7 AN AGENt Jeanne we, Behome tn an exwinen mens Y performing tne actions and Neeing tine sresut of aetHons, ' r Per EACH Qood Koton gets positive Feedback, fon Fach bad wen” gets Regetive heed lack. P Ex: Playing 0 IAWML AQHINSt opponent ridiniving a Fag . oi BENG Veweal, Adoptive Cyhen defence taan)» no Treaiy ing a (P —Atechine | > OfP: +O) Superried wp Aeeanine | op: ee nn upon ined Rewand “— . a/P ‘ ¢) Retn-foncewe nt Moowne | o/P Scanned with CamScannerSupenvined Ve Uma upe rn Supenvined YP dota te \abetted 2) Pata im alassitred boned o\ tne Anoitneng data eq. iB) Used fon predatory Oca rH) Resuia aw re 5) More Covnpuda tonal, COMPLE KY AN: Led 4 lavel at) 7e- 6) ofe tine Comp atogyr’ jane given. 18) Num of’ dlosses 3 Known, 9) Algentums used— t) sve YW) Romdem Fonesa ;——_ Probe} ) 7p G2 opp Narynoler. , Hi) dectston tree ih) Uvntonte Logiste Regression vined Leanning! Unaupervis ed ip dara i'n unlabelled Jo) Av Uses prepenties of given Alora “te clas sty i g) Used efor anoty sts» A) Less aceunate+ 5) Less comgutahonal feowapenty! | ecytnndd 8) RAV RL aomg tection, +) Oy we tdota Leet be given, ary Fa NE 8) Num, of etosses UNEKnown , 5) Algonittnmg used— V) alugte ning Algom, NW) Ass eatochion rules v) ENN. Scanned with CamScannerEy bttewent Ayres 44 alae taeda aAnwing | a) Eegensined e Wrinean and t Legren ne Regnenaren ‘© Pectin #ttnee and Random Ferest 3) ENN ‘ay Naive Baves 5) svn be) Unnupenwaed Lanetng t AD clustering algertim 2) Anomaly “Detection 5) Sdroetuned Pred ttetion A) Dimenatonatety Reduction Algerthom 5) Rssoetotem Rules: 6) Retnforcement tearing! Se 18) Swot dynawa system, i Scanned with CamScannerHMoaahine Leanning TT aa a 2 ny, V Re trforet mn, Supenvined unsugerised ’ Classifveation Regression toon Dimenstenalay Ase! Clusterin 4 Reduetion AnalyAin« Tulsems Supervised Leanning; : eee eee eee, oe ECE © ots } Seme data ane labeled but west Of trem ane Unlabeled te, the Computen an ivem, hat imoomplede training net, he traning set word ome of the tanget outputs, Wiusing. TH A & wtttune of gupenvineds omd umaujend: Uane'ng- a Ae Aettve. Jeanming: — Seeeral anse ef pAupenvined ML. T? Whene tne algonminm Proactively ncleots Aubrek of trong dota +o labeled nent From ne pool of untabeled data. by Tt has +o optimize i$ avoree of objects tte oaoune Labels fon, Scanned with CamScannerme machine Learning algonhwn', 1) Qlanhitieoden § In alassthreotion, inputs one divided Into evo on Mone alasses, Me (edtwten end prtéiden a model that assigns unseen dineuss do ene or mene jaf Amere cloaea. qwin in aw gupenwined (eanning techniones Example! Spam Ritening, 2) Regnennvon! a4 TA 0 aupervised leanning , tuo RikSShe— vontawle Allows te predcok KR aontnuous ACtE LY) eased en Hehe wvotue of one on waulhple predtetn Vorviables . > 1 . iw), 8) cluskening! pene a set of Mmputs ane drvided SITET Ee ET ‘ e ‘ ite greups depending on thein atintbutes , this TA om unautenvined learning feahriqie ' 1 othong fe } A) Density Eptimetion! 18 inde Aetrgusion of inputs mm nome Apace: - 5) Dimenatonatty: Reduetion: TA MA an unsupervised — nwi'se leanning Fech niome 1 WAN AlnpUrties Meute by aemoxpphng them tn a lowen dimenatomal Wpace. > Reduces Numben of 7p) worrattes in dotaset p> Reduces nent, dre BR Sienage, — |? Methods + Featune eetnactien peleohion ' Baek wand Femtune eximaehen, Forward Peadane erdnaenon Scanned with CamScannerAtwrilour Adopter. Claserfication Ns Glassifi' cation W'S SING Walne, Matto, Lew variance Wat of Maman Jong wage Jean ask vate Find oud wre, seewmne nt Pte! ete, we 6) Tepe Modebng: pene a eragnam {@ Ivers far ee ENGL ents ond, Me's 6, Coven N lawnerele Q: Prediction Nuvire rae Prediatton alass labels: a) Pirenede on “weal: 3) Exemele : ! Aer cing typeof danden' ne Molrgnont on Geren, AdClamatfres’ data vaaed ON the traning pet may RL Clos labels of tre Cassi fyitng attrubate, an? SA t) Prediets Categoria. pnedrets Unknown on missing values. 2) Modete Coven UE ates botuca SOREN i i) Example? frsdiets Watney not elon, an lows PRED Metin g Cli vhote dinky eve tmetatt ‘dlofo. A) Predtots Lay loom ieeth PEM Ssing waling fem tint given dete Scanned with CamScanneral Classifieation Predietion a —_ Typical Applicovtions : 4) Credit/ Loom wperoval! Approved on mot 1) Fraud Dekeahion, Ff tnangacton fg Fraudularet 8) Web page tategereahon! wrroh eategony it fs. 4) Wedton| diagensi's’ If a tumen is doer nos on benign. A) Weather prediadion 2) Prediactie ny of frgh+ delags 2) Housing voluen iw gubunbs Hew Pees Class ifieoction Wonk/ dlassifidation Prroeess’ eee Oo 2 rtep Process nws 1 1) Medel comsdruction, Wr omMedel Lange, 4). Model icon stn aren — TW , tre TA Kor .demnming proue, — dsrertben a ret of tabeledy atarnen — Foch Aample welengys to a labeled alass. [tHe sek of tuples ape fon Anedet Qo Stnccectind do tnain tng pet: —We moder ra repnesvented ag Cass raotion THles, deorsimn tnees On matnemathoal formulae: Scanned with CamScanner—- aeaevemeenmnsies eS Alasstheatiol op) aiassif ot i jalgorudamn model @) model consdnucten 2), Model, Usage: Model tsege th he process fon alass ify tng futune or Unknown 1k Sb 49 me objcats: 1) Estimate aacunney lof the wedel! '! 4) The Known lawet sf the A&mple ia Qewyanil tothe classifred (abel fnem the Medel , - oon sash fh Salers ga ore gyre ’ . b)iAcedhady Hate’ ia the pencentage of test set pnamples that ane “donnectty ckanatfred ley tine! waroutennf in rerec er Toe t e) test get ia independent of rtrlathany Alt W If the NOMURA 1A Kaceplabie, Use-tne wed) to clas sifyn wen dorta, a OF vagt [5 vr pane, a \ 7 Known label vB) sing tne wide in tridietin, Scanned with CamScannera esd af ane, aed ia, weed ho Aelead: wodelas th ‘tr called valid ortion (teat act) : pr used Ao valdate the model perfenmonae duniy draining. Train model Evaluate wade} “Von Anaiming set On validation set “Tweak wmedel aceonding Yo nesuts on woltdotion sed, Prek wmodel [trot dees toes oNtdertian se Fainting Sekt . . eA Mem rernasten ey h fam portion ofs cK idodased uged to -hE Ci a) om) a mode for predration PCAs $i Mam-Hon oft voli olues , Tilltest sets, Ties | atl he set of inte, : fo dophe Used aftten waodel Constnue Hon to waeess” tne ~ pea fe nmanee, of om futt AreerWed alassifien,, 9° :. Scanned with CamScanneri Class Meaton 2 KENNY 8) ANN 4) Natve Bees 7) Sv, 4 Actual vy PT 2) Fraud 2) Detectng Apam may ls je 9) Speech Predtated w Algorithms? Appraation of alanaifieot'sn ! A) aredit or Loan approval Deteation 4) Adenbiying “arimtial auspects. 5) Median PLagneain 6) Web page” ANS Si Ho ohion, - HH) Seamah nésutt “atas3r Neocon’ | 2) Pattern Reasgnition 10) Optrenl Chanaeten reesguihion . Con-frgion Matron Lanta bd’ arbre FR = Typed ennon Ne | ‘es EN = type a ennon WEP] £0 fo aetuat no: en] |ereq | 406 fe, tel Pr’ actual yes , 55 |410 No a an a Pridivied Predveted Yer Scanned with CamScanner‘ rive. preedieded NO -» Negative rebnd aide vpredve ted, Yeas Ppestive prhedition night) > true UL4 aide Predihen wreng 4 Palre 1) Aceunney = TP + TN (ames Truely predicted) ‘Total : = bot+Aco L6G " oon 2) Enron nates A- Aceunacy KHOA Hate 2) /PPY EN : Pte BRAK Welte = re Comer falnety predieted) = lots” . oo ae, send =065)) _ G4 { aa Ted |e te tttive mate, on Atta Neg rye ay Q : AerBiviry on Reaait) — 106 7 ; < 105 O95 4) Preataton = Te 5) Reantt fredreted yes =: 190 10 =0'9 Scanned with CamScannerBinary Classen Sa eee \ ' A binary classified ipa alassifien’thad 'Prrsduce, cuttut with two clase volues, on lolets, Aueh on Yes/No ond d/o. [The atana of intenest in denoted on" postive” ond AWE” OL KEH os lu negokive ”, Eh Confuaten Motes t A aon-fasion mnatrurx ta o Deby 2 matrex that pertains 4 ousesmes of the binary. atassifren land desonibes ane aomplete pen-formoanee lof; the moder! actual atags Tretia ! ' ‘fetes , Label ge Negotve atagg label aA. ; = Pestdive alas, Clann of interest) Scanned with CamScannerTHl|reure outoomes of alaggifraotton: 2) “True Negative (TN)! 4 Negative S) falne Poaittve CFP) : Treonnect Positive 4) Falne Negettyve (FEN)! 4 Negative Gh Accunnay: esi Rate of wumven of eonneat ron dieae ts the total Rumben! OF” dota ino dataseyg. besk meeunaey. Arg, Work ACCMMACY EH OLOy | + : Protea Aan ertinon! HAS CEee) on, Actunooy. TP+ty - / osteo tek evitens sunt ltt ~ tet = TRETNAA PPP a) oA ThEnron Rate Cera)! I} Rortio of mumben of tmaenneadk Predtetiong 4, th : e etal mumben dato in a datasged. TERR = a ~ ACeKnaey | = AEh key ! Total TPT MFP EN ee La dye Scanned with CamScannerRecall (Sensitivity on true: Ponttve hole) se! Recall = _.-rp ' vie! i Aetual Yes Fic SWE) Hs pan Actual positive y +P TP LEN predteted PT get Jange recall mumpbers i) tneneone mumben of Te U) deeneme mamben of FN. High walue of peaait remind’ 4s) ovoid five oe (Urey cdualty, pert aamaen bat” Pould mot priediet) oi 94 True Negative Rote USpeatieiy True Negative Rate CSP) a “TN Attun) Negative | L “TN chal Prt tN Precinion UC peaitive prediation value) Preamion = pate? ae a! Preditted Pediive . = : REP, ve Scanned with CamScannera mone ne ereernion! Anereeane “TP a) peone ane Fe. Example! Castomen feoe predietion meomines port presidion’ po that iL doesn’t give avanoratiy ts actualy Wrong PERSON), Tay Fane Penttive Rote UFER)! CAetunl wegative ae aisy: 1 “PONY UAT posttve). re =__fe __ Aetual negoctive Fee = \~-3P Fane Poprtive Rate = A Trne Negetive Rote Chh|| F-reene : F-pcone 4, ‘dain 2 (Vf OT ain of recall and precinion. M4 tA ® Nanmonie mean OF reomtl ond preoine Anion. ce (+8) +P : : (WHO) Te BUR HER 1 Hr iA aommenty o'5 A on! 2 F- beta Aaone ta-the werghted NWanmon CO WACOM of Preersion and meant. PR determines ane weight of neaall th tne Combined Adone » Scanned with CamScanneros —— = ———— Sy Yoplmat value (A A ond wonst value 0. a Ave, Bey Reoatt ontended usens (falae wegen wart performance maar tran false goa ttiven) HHO 4 Preanaron vordended Users, CPAWE: 10 Tie Want penfonmaned wmorce tno False “igetiu, F bes") op gt a Net th og ele ae ee eae u (8408) TEACH) Ener = 2a5 +P ANG +OHEN + FS Ww fy, = (ai) te (aD teeuyen see ial Poze) -e yen 9 (OP) FH ensee oon ' byt Po nese sive HPA CEN YEP ov PEA IY Ing hie oi z ae ee naee PREAATON + REO onl] Scanned with CamScanner) Aeounooytaca), — tr actny total n Ey SHE covaey 20 - Aacuraey ron 2) @rron Rate Ceea) = 4 8) Recall (True ¢ pon itive Rate’ Sensitiwtty) 5 Sooaiteles = Te é Ae-tual Positive TP+EN 7 bY oe 4) Preeinion (pen idive Pre'dietive Value) : =o an =o ke Se _ Predioted Positive Te +PP 7 ems 6) crue negatve mate ¢ aApectfarty) : = TN © (te Actwnl Negotive NaF ae Fk = = Ph. TNAEP r3) Falne postive mate Aetual Negative Scanned with CamScannerUhl 2e18 atv) __ ; Acrual alaseifiootion, Df classes in - atass AC?) ‘atanng (Nn) — Hodel elas 4.(P) eq4 tre) | 94lee) ghessifea Toe tay] a LEN) m4 (TN) ston sum aba | "147 + | — “) Tnue positive nade (Recall): +P _ Tr Aa-tnal eosttive — $44 "674489 bay = ia aia ae "6S HN) Tree negective note (speenrpiertyy' 29% TTN Rotuol wegativ 1 “tN TN TEP — Sad 1 NA 649 u > ee lee 237 v Bole Scanned with CamScannerSS) Accurooy 2 TMTN or) BR AING 2 ee S08 roqal ooo s e 5 short iy) Preatuten = oe ee = cat I ree as pradioted Penttrve AFP a ive thee glo KER Ras g 765 ee WY) Reoatl ete =—t_ . 64 Actual Positive a veg OF yoepe Obed TF (agh) Tere ew 46? i beer. DK bI4+BIAT + gute ta | ’ oo, fa = ain Preernion x Recall Aree LPreetslion + Roan - 2K OR aK OER” = Rf re oe Scanned with CamScanner2048 O/acod Ament note one win \) _aoinardence HOEK = Ob table fig 4 ed ° n obeeny! WWE Heleshop re lott on susp” th ete © LS ob and predated wrealued jyy ce atassifiecctten “Ft Jem = aninardence mortiix War merthods fon Satan, Awe alas Poatens: ‘ — Both alassiffantion must ‘compan exqaky the Aame mes in the Aame orden I aotnardence mortrux fa Ay am metruaal along Khe matn drag onal. jeLep ni 7 Fig: Simple aotnardence meatier mortricn Scanned with CamScanneri’) RoC aunves atands fon Recerven Operating bnonacte rattan, ROC ounve Wn a graphraanl plot that 1A aneated by plotting ane ape (True Posttive Rate) Againsd the FRR (Falne Positive Rote), og Wantonug aAbvneswold nesting’ [The Roe cunve mM plotted with TPR agarnss FPR, mere TPR IA on Yoasin and FRR tn on ane xeacis. TRRe_TP tT! poe Te+EN rR = FP t TT NLEP, Tf FPR TH| AvVa~ R00 oucwes i S Av@—> Area Unden aAhe Gunve, ROO —> RecetveMm Operating ahanactenistiar AVO- ROG dumve fa used ct aheck om wisuallze the genfonimance of a mult alongs fie ation grroblem, +t ka one of the most important evatuortion metreas ko aneek any aladsitiaction medel's performance. Mt in also written as AUROG C Anta wnden the Reeetven Openathne Anam acrkeriaherd Roa ra a Pros babibtty anve and Ave represents the degrees of pepanabi lity, tTents How mun A model (a aapatle of di'stnguisirg Scanned with CamScanner» fi between alasses: ' ; Hight the AUC, been the anode ko priediat Os ag Os and 49 as ass TPR —? Fro: Ava~ Roa aunve fF] Importance of preainion and preoatt: Preaaion! a4 yay in good wreasune to debenmiy when she cost of FP hy gn 8 QUA Prealiavon . TTP eS ATTA &—= DUA tee To imanease the wvatue of preersion We \ eed wee Me deanense FP Sh) one nes y SOME Machined need’ Uigren Prteieion value. Exom ple! £mnnil SPAM deteoten nN Rema Ppam detedhon > a PP--wedkng Hhat Awe emer'| ay ad-huolly. mot SPAM Caa4uorl nol Negative) but Vas Ween sdentiAed aS Apom Scanned with CamScannerReaalts Reaat\ raster ly Cpreedtated prestive) owe email Uden wight Pe Lode trnporkank emale yf ing preatnton toned Wigh for Apam deteotion ywrodel. ealaulates how many af the Ketual positives ane, oun model captured 4n rough Jovewng tt as tp. Reaatt Ahatl ve’ model metre , When dhene th Wigh ond as boasted’ ’ sii’ Fry che, Whiten In aatralty ponttive wud Sdentrfred AS megative Cpredieted megatyve), Exawple$ In pak Om damcen patient solee ta,” aatuates plak deteoton , TH ® concen patient WO A actually prok in mod tdent'fred pre penty and Predtoted “to we Wok Asek” dren iL aan aause ture ‘ even death, patient unbearable Lorr Fe measure J Fa Atone: a Fa gaone in uged to Measure oa Aes tacennacy Fa Doone i. INE harmonta mean ek PIELCI sion, and nant, Nae range fon fy Aeone in Ce, oy. Tt tEWS Wow preathe oun clagartien ia he, hows meng IMstomees I+ atager tes oonreotly .| High prearston amd lowen meant dives Usan Scanned with CamScanneretre mely aaaunate pegult but wisses my ” large Mumuen of MMstanees And ance diffroult Ho classify. \ “Me vetien the Ba ercene, te besten the pendommanae of oun models” 4 Fa - ox Preqinten Reaoll Preotsion, +-Reoall th Aa caiotion Rules Ty|[Whod in wapceration ruse 4° = ASS ociaton rule to oO ture of wn supenymed Venn mening thot neers Fe AWE Aas ik. of idinqoveriins prbenesting refotrong berhy cen Narciototes f na Jange data vases, \ . ; AN assottaton mile fA an (pla of two relements | Ko Ap ptteochion o Nea bantednn [ex : 7_Revegretn Rulesi7 How ageecrtuts ¢ on \ rs 4 0 a am furpontoamnt mole im FeAl! Ue app Weotion 4 Scanned with CamScannerAn monket Wasted analysre: ' 1 er ee, Data i aedated using banesdd Aoannena in Monk! oupenwmankeds. twin dodeaae WA Known os market worked" dotoase. . Riven a database of customen tnansmotions, Each tnangacHon aenkatns a pet of thems. the geal hn -to find Group of tems wleh one frementty puranased togetnen. 2) Medtan| Pilognonin: Eee Using ees ASSoatation rule mining ean tdentify she ‘proba bility wwe ‘of ane oeounanaes Hof an iiness aomacreninia Idi ais fodton's awd AYRetoms « a B) Rmotetn Seamences (Bish dwrktion | Prokeing ANE. DEAMENGEA mnadie inp of twenty ayeen of amine acidn. Using Knowledge and aaa of these A9 8 00Ka On rates wit mele in ADE AINESTS of antificial prodernis. Cseonena aivgnment of protein), . e's . k 4) Cangus datas pe CSS cae ; fe conic ete (i Every’ government Wag ono of CENSUS dota, Reece : The arplicntion of asseatodten mule wawdne and dota wr'ning Was framense potential tan to Scanned with CamScannera> ‘ is) Ae ity amontte rang © 4 BREN fos ning demoenadte Mates, a , an plan efferent pablie “enylecs loam eprevently fant Wal wore detects, 6) adentify Pootdent prone ee 4) content A Wane Indeiige nt system 9) Mobtle cappreetens , b) Smant Crites , ; oF 10) Cyben security U) web nsoge ese) errme prreme arta. Phemercal Ayn. hroblem Statement ° t Monet bas Ket) t) Tram saction Patatone Tt A Nek oF +rransoetion THAD). tn} } Each tran saation aontan's on Wet of! items 1. wt) An. stem ser Colleatren of Memes hy, Ted eres tel {) Find a ; Rin Pre omint J ingenescting > % 9 HAA Cah oN 6 ie mats dafabone. HW) Use dhe treanert 2 Connetaton among fem, sets in Ye ftemsets 4, épeid ave ASS oats n mules. KY Scanned with CamScanner— Gh suppont $ THe oaturing Hreomeneyiof the rule. she mumben af ATANAACHINS Aho contain bed K ond te B= Te txvy) No of trons. Gh aon? eonfidence! evens ‘to the ginengtn of ASSOUATION Wea SURES how often items tk YY appean tg in tnansorohions Aho aongain x. 4 . Gr at LM YD. (x) + pote eS Se . aupcx) «sue CY) oh! SeOX Ede “ee Re?) 4- cong ixoy) i; . cl heute eo» 1= Comv( x oY) How Aprvors Algonithw Wonks /pheopentes of Apnton on, WHY Apnriond 7 a Oe FMI Popes he name), Apion? ta based on tne faar thet the olgorthm uses prion Knowledge of tread jitemset properttes , + ‘ : Key idea Any pubseta of freavrent ttemset jane oso freantnt itemnets, Scanned with CamScanner— 80, oxprifor’ ttoraetiwe ly doe vt) eneate freowent pre macts W only Continue explerrertion of dhore whore augpent “py Mane Auwepernt Hmene ane @ aters of peprvare’ Alganctiw) » A) fenenate oll frcoment the msets pnore dupporte P Mmm. nuppont a) Use freament emsets to geninate association mules. th Aprveru Pseudo code : = - Join steps dy ia. genenated by. cyelningn Lea worth peselF prime skep. Any (KA) temset thot in ned Fre amend canned Me om ap le set of ia freomert K-stemget: | a) Ck candidate itemset of proce, Let Sneament Mems-e4 of AMwEKS 19 Ly: f frre omeret Mews 4 3 i a a Scanned with CamScannerFer CRE BG Leta fy est) de begin Cysn = Condidotes qevrirated from ty; Kis a 3 2 : fon coh tronsoeten. 4 in dotebose 40 insnemint tht areytied ott eendidetes iM Cyay Ahnt one aemntormtd ne Lesa = aandidekes in Oyen uit win guppent: end , me-turnn Ugly 5 ce Advontogen ef ferton RAS RCE ot Revd EM Eh ses Jonge themset Property ! Doern't neowune Mtbeled data e's A/S) Long uUNsupenwined. ’ dimple ond eosy to undenstand AMONG XS Seeroty, . . mule fearning algenttuma- ° Easy. to implement Easily. puratetzed.n” ~ : ‘ Ty Dinadvanteges of “Ap nm om Reamnenhuge anewwony Reornumer muah m NumMben ‘of Scans jon every pter ik genenades ; AW Gembenostien 98 aondrdate themaeds — moss ° o¢ Ahem ote net luged in fugune + : Scanned with CamScanner~ Execution me’ Migheakens! Moule generation it abKpictes all Coe 1) Combination! efi freaiont item sets» ( Exhaustive) THoeral (-E sete ; Asaeetacton rule waning A>s” ba Tf snen Antecedent Stongeounent biven Mems, we noe! 2m pordtbhte itemsets. We don/t generate AEM alle Use: dssocrrdtien male mening, “ % matrvaes: CSuppones oon iaener, uv Fey 4 MWVLASUNE O& SS 00i'n-Hon. rye Buppeit’. Prev (ajay 9 07 8 ee RB) Using AUppORnt we Con. PP Fret) pn he ota determine “aay” mer, Lifts Seppeak oo — saplayraeria) * PASCO), sinengin of aryml Scanned with CamScanner A FRR 0 afte, TO THA A Fa tafe HATeee eee Ufa AB demdmtnacton ay Oe oeounand randommes¢ ta mone AWOAN O06 Cunomor of a 0%S200 totton Ufa. Filtens buy tine ruled. || preamend themsedl a on embed whose suppent IWOLMe dA greahen than Ahneshald value. @ On Scanned with CamScannerHemset support fon Te aie ) phcyiesks are At, a}, hus}. Ee cs}, . ty, 133, {op » 742,93 09,5) 4% 5), VG}, 15) Uae every) Pot pop tne mute, 8 o(1-s) ¢ G ntaa ere vidis %-s). If Sup cr) /$ur(s) 2 wineenfirde neg Scanned with CamScanner For. @ = 4 dome}= Aa a gy ot , ; ; a I Rule 4 ye = sue ia,5)/ sur (114)'= 278 2 boeem palcaped rente (1,4) i456) (9) 7L0% Rule 2! a. sur{tr 9-5) / sue (5) = 2/9 =10677 Cop! Aeteated mule [i 5}'—> Chr’. 5y ~ 4155) Rule Bt ap sup (48,5) 7 sre 4 S)e 23> co-cer, ‘ peleoted rule 4%, 5) 4 W135) 45.59)" £ Me 5 7 2 ’ Rule 4! ea sep (h4,s)/ Senlt) = 278 Deecenreo pelected mule AVP CAUSEJ= 417) Rule 5 a, L AR 85) sels) = B14 = Go7eceey ; rigended pate A S}x9 (i$ 8-489) Qule be: Meats, 5)7 sup ts) =! a4 507. cee reyected mule Ary 4 (ars, ay - 45)) ; cts A) OH TH pren’ng mgG) THI Combination A2- puba|k AT auppont & maine ave pond ony ater fe, sup Ud} 42+ So fence grin 2, st, ‘440,5} Scanned with CamScannerOT Hcandidade RL FL = Preoment & Scanned with CamScannerB/S = 60% Sa AIG = 00% Be as = 40% By 4/5 = 607% x Be {1/5 = 207% x & 175 =2°% x 3 15 =20%, _ DIF =b6% 5 = 20% Scanned with CamScanner| 3 1? A FF we psrt 4 sue | “B97 yl) Bre Bab '@ ee feu V4, yl] 1, Ba, by Me wi] Or + Bo, S82 115 1 Bi Ogee F a, Of OF iP ®., 4,03 %° oe 8, , 04782 K Bo, 65,%4 X - E ; es; Br, Be, Gs % Mi 4 On, ids late) Tle Ba, by, Bg 4 Sa, OuBe ae s| ae hy, 4) A, 8} AT, ba , 133 ANS taP Rules =| Support, | “con Fraence fo.) 48} ns A= teeT 3,8} 9 44} Ore 4 = 1007 Ai 85949): Is A = 4060 44494 4,2) ats hoe kent L £47 > 44,8) 215 | 1B = bbe OF AGL ALS HF 21 ‘| Lime ce mere Scanned with CamScannerPrin aveper= 27g = 29% min confrdence = 707» Tid List of thems TA Tin, Ia 2, - t4. Ty TT Ta, 14 4 Tita Ty 1 Ly Ja, Th In,14 Tt tH, Ts 1h Bete ta15 ' TH, In, Ia, Scanned with CamScannera ei 2g Att He (Ba, to}, 5 PA {Ea} yO Rules — Suppent confidence ee) 7 Jy =A57 Kr, » 55) $2} 4, | B/S 3a bate} {ag 3 a/b =6°F. AN3> 1Ny,45}. 2 whe 567; fa} > Ate} o/h _ aude | Po es */ ee arog, | Scanned with CamScannerfahons of Aprient) TT 1) Apion’ Algerituan aan be veny stig ond bottle neck Min eandtdotk]e gernenoction, Ext tt the tmansocten Db has 16 fre nment B -itemsd dnen, dey vsill genenate 107 aandidate 2 - itemsed: 2) To compute rhose with sugpent mone tran fa o winimum support, tne Pa neds to Gannved ot eveny level Te nuda (n+) Acans, where ner ane length of Lwe longest fattenn: Me-theds ko improve apriont’a eFrictency: DO Hash boxed Hem set aoumtings A K-~ itemset whore leon rrespe nding honing wucket-asunt iM belew Are prnsshold aan'# be freewent * 0) Thansacton peduadion! A transaction Ahhat doen't aentarn “ny treonent k otkemset IA wseles A puter coment saans. ) Pant , AW themsek shot an potentially Preawint in DB must be fremunt on otlenss one of Ne pancttoning of Da. A) Sampling: wining On & ee gubser of givey, data, lowen AvPpent, taneshald a method ° Scanned with CamScannerAhe ao mplete yess: , dete nn €& add ner” mset couvertng! of hein 5 by nawe ite handtd ate premseta only when alle Inubaets Arne estimated to be Sreamert Scanned with CamScannerGlustening Atusternng: ia type of unpupenvined We atrning nefens to Ahe tas of grouping a net of pWyects in Auch WY — hat objeats in the came gyreoup (aalled luster) lane mone, aithilan to each othen than -to these tn joiner grouper: Arclention of atusdeninas 1, (4) Pattern neaognition te he 2) wontd wtde web & @) 3 carat nehvonkanatyata — rea gwike COMMmUnTHES Widhin dange groups {Prespte. (6) SeareW Rehule grouping, , (e) Map optimization _: Far Rovigah'en oxpptiontis 8) Business and Marketing — ’ if (a) Mankex behawion analy sis [ed Girwuging of | Avropping itewn 4) Medreal image free sat ai 6 Wf fenentinte pet” afferent type! of thiues. / bs yoy : ) Bio in-fonmotes — (0) Seomtnce Analyala Ww) Humon geneta Clustening Scanned with CamScanner(6) Compuren Soveneae,~ 1 Nt beat (er) Natertal “LOMgnage Proaeining \v) Tmage Segimeniadin oVonden’ deteaton = obyeat mea og nttion Tyres of ogden : VN) Btenanehrant atuspeniig 1 7! Had 2) Pan eteneng merieddy 9) Furey QWUAKEMN sirovilen ry Jornet {si 4). Dewity, Boned. Gimstening . 5) Model based. Alasieni nay anne: ry by Marnly Dtypesi- 0° ikgs qe™M _ Ouastemny . Hierranewen| Ctustening ‘ tig , CO Por ontng atusten v ~S 5 Aaggiemenctive » pimine Cot We OWiea te btustenty clustering, chisterung, { Botomur) (Tep down) Scanned with CamScannerY afeqanerieal Gtustering; yah finds aueressive atuistens ielng PRew ously eotabusng eluarer~ wren 29 USE Weranehieal atinsdering 9 & : ' ~ ewnen the Mumben of atustens ta net predefind _the undertytiag dota hes o Wrenanetsenl struetunt quke Apecies Telustereng baned on genetic ade gon reloton tin Hnoneral manket) : vrai I- When mone preaine alusten'ng ta neow'ned. ’ Agglomeroctive: ( Bottomuy) ‘ “IDIWOE (Top down) mh ) Begins with cach etemut| ') Begins wrth whole set as a sing! AS a seperate clusten amd jalisten and priseeed 40 divide it Imenge whew nto suecessivey into” Auceessive ty Amalien etusten. langen asters. a 2) Beliom Up’ Approaehr| 2) Top down approach S) Clustering. proedss contined 3) Until eoch ebyeet Inone UNH al ofthe groves are | atusten Merged mts ome, 4) Conaeptuolly less compled 4) Concertually mere Complex p\cht } 4 ee 5) less 6) : 1d ae pn ) Time Complexity On) [a) Time complexes oc 2") Stmme : Ad eunate 5) More aacuriate ODArato mss aa ne Scanned with CamScanner08 eH Both agglomenative and divine mitnsd Preaduce a dendognam (A diagnam nepnenenting otner ) Ie that shows the annange med of allistens tn wirenanervfoeat clustering + vous gree’ ede te FF Woo T . a ’ Menaneweal elustentng (Rach Hey) NRA boeuf atustering Wmese algea find avcceanive|t) These algos deten winks clusters using previously ot ataargens AX dnee. lestabunned cw atena, f is pwin3d DTA M the. dawintenof sex of data objects. into wondvenlorr 2) atin on rek of nested CIMSAERS that Ane, onegirated JAS atree, Awbaeks yo anal B)awey inewde: Te 2) Trey tneder , — Agg ewe Motive {wotte nine) Ja. K meann. clustering * Divine (-top down). or elusderng aty’s A) Hand te, tenplemntint Kt) Easy do lwrprement R)Eestents deerde no of alustensle) and to deorde/ prediet . undo previous i(? S)Swpessible te Model Petey sted b Joan wndo a)eom't hhomd le wo, dota T2) Cm Dewdte lary dates previous ster g) Time comple mity moh suttabte|@) “tyne Cemplerety ia suirank For hanger dadased + — Scanned with CamScannerTe ][ean agglemenattve and divine méithid Preotus, im dendegnam (A diagnam nepnenenting: wtne, HAnAL shows the annange met ef alistens in Wrenanevteet atusde ning)» ; : . gqaehed ke af hw fh || Hrenanewea| Clustering Parch te wey mld —_ : atwstening WM Mese algen find aueceanive|t) these alges deten wats etustens Ysing jpreviousty aU aukatens AL dnee , Siabuinned ele Akena, r ; 2) oh 10, Det of meshed PTE M the. divtaten-of sed of ClUsHERS that ane omegeprateg Ob COtS. Into: Wondvenlors Awbrets,,..). Ja nes i S$ A tree, B)awey inetder ue, 2) yin tnelwdet a ~ Aagleme native (bottomiup) [te mean, clasbercng Pealhetik (top eae wn). |e Qr ‘la sherng atg's 4) Hand te tanplement K) Easy 4 Iwaplewtet 5 )Eostents decrde! wo of elustens 5) ee te deerde/ predied unde previous )Iwpessi )awpesss lets Aadedetes asad Step oon Redo Previous seer Com! " Com " Yond le bi9, dota ’ FR) CmW' Lande big data: )Tne compl eM te T lange datnecnt? Mot suabie 9!) tine crwmpleridy in suite Scanned with CamScannerLinkage mm. Hienanenioal Chuiskering: *) Sinate Unkoage: Referned toon nearness Riighbeun on wintnum wmetned + f To™'A weasune defines tne dintance ver! 4wo elustes MAME Winimum diatanes found bedh'evied cane Prew BWe inst etusten and owe cone from Ane necend blusten, : #) Complete Unkege: ae ee ee 1 om ema ferred te on Somthen meighboun on moxiny wn meted - 5 mm “ see i a ta i i Twn WLACUNE , AOME AS amnals Lig Kage but mstead | it Reanening for minimum diidance ver™ pains of leones, i eonsidens’ tne fundies dintance wetN pai pains (of eonen.: i. | q Pantitirening Clustering: Sree see pd f a vol id | Oke , 3 detenmines att Osten at once. i? Each obseck wut etong le CKMALLY One group. I exawttes, K wong Clusdeieng "9, Ty PORES eo ntom? Clusdeaing, Scanned with CamScannerune fort atusseniyg \ h| Common oy —_ - Euatdean dingance! dy) FG wai dinaery) aleve) Tecan 4 BY” when dorta ia intanee “yen Tt ia vesk promimity measure pd€wernscotert . 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