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GSM-R - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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GSM-R
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

GSM-R, Global System for Mobile Communications - Railway or GSM-Railway is an international wireless communications standard for railway communication and applications. A subsystem of European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), it is used for communication between train and railway regulation control centers. The system is based on GSM and EIRENE MORANE specifications which guarantee performance at speeds up to 500 km/h (310 mph), without any communication loss.

Contents
1 History 1.1 Upper system 1.2 Frequency band 2 GSM-R uses 2.1 Main use 2.2 Other uses 3 GSM-R features 3.1 ASCI (Advanced Speech Call Items) features 3.1.1 VGCS (Voice Group Call Service) 3.1.2 VBS (Voice Broadcast Service) 3.1.3 REC (Railway Emergency Call) 3.2 Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption Service (eMLPP) 3.3 Eirene features 3.3.1 Functional number management 3.3.2 End Call Confirmation 3.3.3 Shunting mode 3.3.4 Direct mode 4 GSM-R market 4.1 GSM-R market groups 4.2 Railways using GSM-R 5 References 6 External links

History
GSM-R is built on GSM technology, and benefits from the economies of scale of its GSM technology heritage, aiming at being a cost efficient digital replacement for existing incompatible in-track cable and analogue railway radio networks. Over 35 different such systems are reported to exist in Europe alone. The standard is the result of over ten years of collaboration between the various European railway companies, with the goal of achieving interoperability using a single communication platform. GSM-R is part of the new European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) standard and carries the signalling information directly to the

GSM-R transmitter mast on the NurembergIngolstadt high-speed railway line

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train driver, enabling higher train speeds and traffic density with a high level of safety. The specifications were finalized in 2000, based on the European Union-funded MORANE (Mobile Radio for Railways Networks in Europe) project. The specification is being maintained by the International Union of Railways project ERTMS. GSM-R has been selected by 38 countries across the world, including all member states of the European Union, and countries in Asia, Eurasia and northern Africa. GSM-R is a secure platform for voice and data communication between railway operational staff, including drivers, dispatchers, shunting team members, train engineers, and station controllers. It delivers features such as group calls (VGCS), voice broadcast (VBS), location-based connections, and call pre-emption in case of an emergency. This will support applications such as cargo tracking, video surveillance in trains and at stations, and passenger information services. GSM-R is typically implemented using dedicated base station towers close to the railway. The distance between the base stations are 715 km. This creates a high degree of redundancy and higher availability and reliability. The train maintains a circuit switched digital modem connection to the train control centre at all times. This modem operates with higher priority than normal users (eMLPP). If the modem connection is lost, the train will automatically stop. In Germany, Italy and France the GSM-R network has between 3000 and 4000 base stations. In the UK, over 14,000 km of GSM-R enabled railway is planned, with 280 km currently in operation.[1] GSM-R cab radio for use in UK trains is currently being developed by Network Rail and is undergoing trials in the Strathclyde and Glasgow areas of Scotland. It is currently in use on London Overground's East London Line, between Dalston Junction and New Cross Gate.

Upper system
GSM-R is one part of ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System) which is composed of: ETCS (European Train Control System). GSM-R.

Frequency band
In Europe, GSM-R uses a specific frequency band:[2] 876 MHz 880 MHz: used for data transmission (uplink) 921 MHz 925 MHz: used for data reception (downlink) However GSM-R can operate on a number of frequencies that are being used around the world In China GSM-R occupies a 4 MHz wide range of the E-GSM band (900 MHz-GSM). In Australia GSM-R is being implemented using frequencies in the 1800MHz band. The used modulation is GMSK modulation (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying). GSM-R is a TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) system. Data transmission is made of periodical TDMA frames (with a period of 4.615 ms), for each carrier frequency (physical channel). Each TDMA frame is divided in 8 time-slots, named logical channels (577 s long, each time-slot), carrying 148 bits of information. There are worries that LTE mobile communication will disturb GSM-R, since it has been given a frequency band rather close to GSM-R. This could cause ETCS disturbances, random emergency

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braking because of lost communications etc.[3]

GSM-R uses
GSM-R permit new services and applications for mobile communications in several domains : transmission of Long Line Public Address (LLPA) announcements to remote stations down the line control and protection (Automatic Train Control/ETCS) and ERTMS) communication between train driver and regulation center, communication of on-board working people information sending for ETCS communication between train stations, classification yard and rail tracks

Main use
It is used to transmit data between trains and railway regulation centres with level 2 and 3 of ETCS. When the train passes over a Eurobalise, it transmits its new position and its speed, then it receives back agreement (or disagreement) to enter the next track and its new maximum speed. In addition, trackside signals become redundant.

Other uses
Like other GSM devices, GSM-R equipment can transmit data and voice. New GSM-R features for mobile communication are based on GSM, and are specified by EIRENE project. Call features are: PtP Call: Point-to-Point Call, the same type of call as a normal GSM call VGCS: Voice Group Call System, quite similar to walkietalkie communication VBS: Voice Broadcast System, like a VGCS but only the call initiator can speak (the other are only listeners) REC: Railways Emergency Call, it is a special VGCS with high priority dedicated to emergencies. Priority control of all the different calls (PtP, VGCS, VBS and REC calls) There are other additional features: Functional Addressing, alias system to call someone registered on the GSM-R network, only by knowing the temporary function user (engine driver of train such-and-such, ) Location Dependent Addressing, routing system to call the most appropriate train controller regarding the current train position by dialling a pre-defined short code Shunting mode, when users work on the tracks.

A GSM-R mobile phone used by the National Railway Company of Belgium

File:Cabradio.jpg
A modern GSM-R cab radio

GSM-R features
ASCI (Advanced Speech Call Items) features

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VGCS (Voice Group Call Service) VGCS allows a great number of users to participate in the same call. This feature imitates the analogue PMR (Private Mobile Radio) group call with the PTT key (Push-to-Talk). Three kinds of users are defined: the Talker, the Listener and the Dispatcher. The talker can become a listener by releasing the PTT key and a listener becomes a talker by pressing the PTT key. One advantage of VGCS compared to multi-party calls (the GSM conference call feature) is the spectrum efficiency. Indeed, when many users are in the same cell they will use only one frequency for all listeners and two frequencies for the talker (as in point-to-point call). In a multi-party call, one timeslot is dedicated to each user. The second advantage compared to multiparty calls is that it is not necessary to know which mobiles are to take part in the call. A VGCS call is established on a purely geographic basis, subject to a mobile having previously enabled reception of the group concerned. VBS (Voice Broadcast Service) VBS is a broadcast group call: this means that compared to VGCS, only the initiator of the call can speak. The others who join the call can only be listeners. This kind of call is mainly used to broadcast recorded messages or to make announcements. REC (Railway Emergency Call) REC is a group call, or VGCS, dedicated to urgency. It is a higher priority call (REC priority is level 0 see below : eMLPP)
Compact GSM-R Cab Radio Portable GSM-R Cab Radio system

Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption Service (eMLPP)


This defines the users priority. The different priority levels are: A and B: Highest priority levels (not used by GSM-R networks) 0: Highest priority levels for ASCI and normal calls (mainly used for REC calls) 1: Lower priority than level 0 2: Lower priority than level 1 3: Lower priority than level 2 4: Lowest priority level (default priority, assigned to Point-to-Point calls) An Auto-Answering feature with a timer is also available for calls with priority 0, 1 and 2.

Eirene features
Functional number management

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Functional numbering Allows to call an MS by its function: driver of the train xxx , It uses: USSD and Follow Me UUS1 (for number display) Location dependent addressing Establishes a call from an MS to (usually) a fixed subscriber/dispatcher performing a function in the area where the MS is located. End Call Confirmation End Call Confirmation feature is only available for highest priority (Priority level 0) group calls (VGCS) and broadcast calls (VBS) (see eMLPP). It consists of an end call report which sent by all MSs (mobile stations) which joined the high priority call (initiator included). This report informs about: Call type Call duration MS Identity End call cause Normal, ended by user, MS power off by user, power off due to low battery, ) If the report can't be sent (MS power off by user or power off due to low battery), the MS will try again (several times if needed) to send the report at the next power on. Shunting mode Shunting mode is the term used to describe the application that will regulate and control user access to shunting communications. A Link Assurance Signal (LAS) is provided in order to give reassurance to the driver that the radio link is working. Direct mode Direct mode is the walkie-talkie mode (mobiles station talking to each other without the network) and has been proposed in Eirene, however it has never been in application since being based on analogue radio. Sagem claims to have developed a GSM direct mode, not currently recognised in the GSM-R specification, and has no frequency allocation.

GSM-R market
GSM-R market groups
Different groups make up the GSM-R market: The network operators and the railway operators Contract awarded / Currently implementing: Country: Network operator: Railway operator (s):

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Austria Australia Australia Germany Belgium China Czech Republic Spain Finland France Great Britain Greece India Italy Lithuania Norway Netherlands Saudi Arabia Sweden Switzerland

BB-IKT-GmbH Department of Transport Victoria RailCorp DB Netz Infrabel China Ministry of Railway Sprva eleznin dopravn cesty ADIF RHK RFF Network Rail Limited OSE S.A. RFI LG JBV NS Railinfratrust Thales Group together with Nokia Siemens Networks BV Siemens together with SBB Telecom Planning phase / Contracting:

BB Metro Trains Melbourne RailCorp DBAG NMBS/SNCB China Ministry of Railway D RENFE VR SNCF List of passenger operators TrainOSE IR TI LG NSB NS Saudi Arabian Railways SJ SBB/CFF/FFS

Country:

Network operator:

Croatia (Pilot site) Slovakia (Pilot site) SR Feasibility phase: Country: China Denmark Hungary Republic of Ireland Northern Ireland Luxembourg Poland Russia Slovenia Network operator: CR Banedanmark VPE CI AZP

Railway operator (s): H ZSSK

Railway operator (s): KNR DSB MV I NIR CFL PKP S.A. RD S

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USA

US-DOT

Amtrak

Source : UIC (23 May 2006)[4]

The network operators The companies Nokia Siemens Networks, Huawei, and Kapsch (formerly Nortel) are the main suppliers of the GSM-R infrastructure. Dispatch and control centre solutions Siemens Mobility,NEC Portugal, Frequentis, Wenzel Elektronik, Hrmann Funkwerk Klleda GmbH and Ascom (Switzerland) Ltd. The terminal manufacturers Handset manufacturer SAGEM (Safran group) is the main GSM-R handset supplier, followed byAJA Solutions Selex Communications, Triorail, and Huawei. Cab radio manufacturer Selex Communications, Siemens Mobility, NEC Portugal, Alstom, Center Systems and Hrmann Funkwerk Klleda GmbH are the main suppliers. Hoermann Funkwerk Kolleda (formerly Kapsch) and Sagem mainly provide the GSM-R core of these cab radios.

Railways using GSM-R


A fully-functional GSM-R system is being trialed on the North Clyde Line in Scotland from 2007. For some years before these trials commenced however, GSM-R has been in use for voice-only purposes (known as the 'Interim Voice Radio System' (IVRS) ) in some locations where axle counters are used for train detection, for example parts of the West Coast Main Line (WCML) between Crewe and Wembley. Britains GSM-R network should be fully operational by 2013 at a cost of 1.2 billion. This cost though does not include the WCML. The first train (390 034 on the 09.15 Manchester Piccadilly service to London Euston) to use GSM-R on the south end of the West Coast Main Line ran on 27 May 2009. This is the first vehicle to run in passenger service with GSM-R outside of the Strathclyde trial.
[citation needed]

TGV POS, linking Paris to Germany and Switzerland

On 2nd Sept 09 the Rugby to Stoke section went live. Network Rail has fitted out a test train at Derby it purchased for RSV testing of the GSM-R network. The train is formed from ex Gatwick Express stock. At a cost of 5.9 million, this custom-built machine known as the RSV (Radio Signal Verification) train, has already started monitoring the Newport Synergy ICE 3M at Gare de l'Est in Paris scheme and the Cambrian Line. The Cambrian Line ERTMS Pwllheli to Harlech Rehearsal commenced on 13 February 2010 and successfully finished on 18 February 2010. The driver familiarisation and practical handling stage of the Rehearsal has provided an excellent opportunity to monitor the use of GSM-R voice in operation on this route. The first train departed Pwllheli at 0853hrs in ERTMS Level 2 Operation with GSM-R voice being used as the only means of communication between the driver and the signaller.

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In France, the first commercial railway route opened with full GSM-R coverage is the LGV Est europenne linking Paris Gare de l'Est to Strasbourg. It was opened on the 10th of June 2007. On Sunday, June 10, 2007 at 0643, the first high speed train run on it was the ICE, the high speed train from the German passenger operator : DB. It linked the Gare de l'Est in Paris to Saarbrcken (Germany). On the same day, 0715, it was the opportunity of the TGV POS, the last generation high speed train from the French operator, SNCF. It linked Strasbourg to Paris (Gare de l'Est). (Rf. SNCF - Paris AFP, 10 June 2007)[5] In Norway, the GSM-R network was opened on all lines on 1 January 2007. In The Netherlands, there is coverage on all the lines and the old system called Telerail was abandoned in favour of GSM-R in 2006. As of 2008, in Italy more than 9000 km of railway lines are served by the GSM-R infrastructure: this number includes both ordinary and high speed lines, as well as more than 1000 km of tunnels. Roaming agreements with other Italian mobile operators allow coverage of lines not directly served by GSM-R. Roaming agreements have also been set up with French and Swiss railway companies and it is planned to extend them to other countries.[6]

References
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ^ ERIG (European Railways Implementation Group) report from meeting #35 2007 ^ http://www.willtek.com/english/technologies/gsmr Willtek, radio measure devices provider ^ The GSM-R Frequency Workshop ^ http://gsm-r.uic.asso.fr/implement_map.html UIC, GSM-R Implementation planning and progress map ^ Rf. SNCF - Paris Agence France Presse (AFP), Sunday the 10th of June 2007, 07h13 (am). ^ [url=http://www.rfi.it/cms/v/index.jsp? vgnextoid=07b08c3e13e0a110VgnVCM10000080a3e90aRCRD "RFI - GSM-R: telecomunicazione"] (in it). url=http://www.rfi.it/cms/v/index.jsp? vgnextoid=07b08c3e13e0a110VgnVCM10000080a3e90aRCRD. Retrieved 21 December 2008.

External links
GSM-R Industry Group Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. GSM-R Siemens Transportation Systems UIC ERTMS/GSM-R Project Nokia Siemens Networks GSM-R AJA Solutions GSM-R Handheld and MRM Modules Nortel GSM-R Ascom (Switzerland) Ltd. NEC Portugal Frequentis Public Site Wenzel Elektronik GSM-R Sagem GSM-R Triorail GSM-R MEN Micro GSM-R Hrmann Funkwerk Klleda GmbH ERA ERTMS Comtest Wireless

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Center Systems GSM-R EIRENE (Hungarian) Orga Systems. GSM-R Clear CinCom GSM-R Radio Network Planning Consultants General GSM-R info on Radio Network Planning Bitgate GSM-R protocol analyzer Mensacom Consultancy Company Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM-R" Categories: GSM standard | European Rail Traffic Management System | Rail transport mobile telecommunications standards This page was last modified on 21 June 2011 at 13:17. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

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