Ayres Recommended Sentencing Memorandum
Ayres Recommended Sentencing Memorandum
Ayres Recommended Sentencing Memorandum
The United States of America, by and through its attorney, the United States Attorney for
the District of Columbia, respectfully submits this sentencing memorandum in connection with
the above-captioned matter. For the reasons set forth herein, the government requests that this
Court sentence Defendant Stephen Ayres to 60 days incarceration, one year supervised release, 60
I. Introduction
Stephen Ayres, 39, participated in the January 6, 2021 attack on the United States Capitol—
a violent attack that forced an interruption of Congress’s certification of the 2020 Electoral College
vote count, threatened the peaceful transfer of power after the 2020 Presidential election, injured
more than one hundred police officers, and resulted in more than $2.7 million in losses.1
1
Although the Statement of Offense in this matter, filed on June 8, 2022, (ECF No. 64 at ¶ 6)
reflects a sum of more than $1.4 million for repairs, as of April 5, 2022, the approximate losses
suffered as a result of the siege at the United States Capitol was $2,734,783.15. That amount
reflects, among other things, damage to the United States Capitol building and grounds and certain
costs borne by the United States Capitol Police.
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of 60 days is appropriate in this case based on Ayres’s: (1) statements on Facebook, prior to
January 6, that members of Congress, Chief Justice John Roberts, and Vice President Michael
Pence had committed treason and were now put on notice by “We The People””; (2) entry into the
Capitol and posting to Facebook of images of the riot; and (3) agreement with another person, in
a YouTube video posted after the attack, that “The purpose of today was to expose Pence as a
traitor” and “the American people are not going to let this slide” – all words that incite violence.
The Court must also consider that Ayres’s conduct on January 6, like the conduct of
hundreds of other rioters, took place in the context of a large and violent riot that relied on numbers
to overwhelm police breach the Capitol, and disrupt the proceedings. See United States v. Thomas
Fee, 1:21-cr-00131 (JDB), Tr. 04/01/2022 at 17 (“The defendant was an active participant in a
mob assault on our core democratic values and our cherished institution. And that assault was
intended by many and by the mob at large in general to interfere with an important democratic
processes of this country. I cannot ignore that, cannot pull this misdemeanor out of that context.”)
(statement of Judge Bates). The defendant’s actions and those of his fellow rioters enabled the
breach the Capitol, threatened the lives of the police officers, legislators and their staffs, and
disrupted the certification vote for several hours. See United States v. Matthew Mazzocco, 1:21-
cr-00054 (TSC), Tr. 10/4/2021 at 25 (“A mob isn't a mob without the numbers. The people who
were committing those violent acts did so because they had the safety of numbers.”) (statement of
Judge Chutkan). Accordingly, as explained more fully below, the government believes that a
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To avoid unnecessary exposition, the government refers to the general summary of the
attack on the U.S. Capitol. See ECF 21 (Statement of Offense), at 1-7. As this Court knows, a riot
cannot occur without rioters, and each rioter’s actions—from the most mundane to the most
violent— contributed, directly and indirectly, to the violence and destruction of that day. With that
On or about January 5, 2021, Ayres traveled from Ohio to Washington, D.C., via
automobile. The purpose of his trip was to protest Congress’ certification of the Electoral College.
Importantly, prior to January 6, Ayres made several posts on his Facebook account
revealing the purpose of his trip. In particular, in a post made on January 2, 2021, Ayres stated:
“History is being made right in front of your eyes! When your grandchildren ask “Where were you
when...........happened?” What’s your answer going to be?” The post attaches an image of a poster
stating, “January 6th Washington, DC, the president is calling on us to come back to Washington
In addition, in a post on January 3, 2021, Ayers stated: “Mainstream media, social media,
Democrat party, FISA courts, Chief Justice John Roberts, Joe Biden, Nancy Pelosi, etc....all have
committed TREASON against a sitting U.S. president!!! All are now put on notice by ‘We The
People!’”
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Figure 1 Figure 2
On January 6, Ayres attended the “Stop the Steal” rally and then marched with other
protestors to the Capitol. At about 2:30 p.m., Ayres was part of the crowd that had gathered outside
the Senate Wing Doors of the Capitol. At approximately 2:50 p.m., Ayres sent the picture above
on the left (Figure 1) to another Facebook user. He later messaged the same user that: “Some
cops already stood down and took their gear off in our favor.” At approximately 2:51 p.m., a few
minutes after rioters had breached the make-shift barricades set up by Capitol police officers,
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He remained inside the Capitol for some time.2 Ayres joined with others in chanting and
parading inside the Capitol. At approximately 6:15 p.m., Ayres posted a video to Facebook of
rioters storming the Capitol (Still Photo Above--Figure 2). Still photos form the Senate Wing
On January 7, 2021, a video was posted to YouTube showing Ayres, another male
individual (Male 1) and a female inside a hotel room after the riot. Male 1 stated: “It’s not over,
trust me. The purpose of today was to expose Pence as a traitor,” and the female responded that
that “the American people are not going to let this slide, especially after today.” Ayres responded,
“yup.” Ayres stated that the “fake news” would not accurately report on what happened at the
Capitol but that they had “seen it all” and they “got footage all over the place on the Capitol” and
2
Ayres agreed in the Statement of Offense that he stayed in the Capitol for approximately ten
minutes. However, as discussed below, in July 2022, Ayres testified before the House Select
Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the Capitol. During his testimony, Ayres was
asked what made him decide to leave the Capitol. Ayres replied that “Basically when President
Trump put his tweet out, we literally left right after that [came] out.” Former President Trump
issued his tweet, telling his supporters to go home, at 4:17 p.m. Thus, according to his own
testimony before the Committee, Ayres was at the Capitol for approximately one and one-half
hours.
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On January 21, 2021, the United States charged Ayres by criminal complaint with violating
18 U.S.C. §1512(c)(2) and related charges. On January 25, 2021, law enforcement officers
arrested him at his home in Warren, Ohio. On February 25, 2021, a federal grand jury in the
District of Columbia returned a four-count Indictment charging Ayres and Matthew Perna with
1512(c)(2) and 2 (Count 1); Entering and Remaining in a Restricted Building or Grounds, in
violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) (Count 2); Disorderly and Disruptive Conduct in a Restricted
Building or Grounds, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(2) (Count 3); and Disorderly Conduct in
a Capitol Building, in violation of 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(D) (Count 4).3 On June 8, 2022, Ayres
pled guilty to Count Three of the Indictment, charging him with disorderly and disruptive conduct
Ayres now faces a sentencing on a single count of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a). As noted
in the plea agreement and by the U.S. Probation Office, Section 1752(a)(2) carries a maximum
sentence of one year of imprisonment, a fine of no more than $100,000, and a term of supervised
release of not more than one year. Ayres must also pay restitution under the terms of his plea
agreement. See 18 U.S.C. § 3663(a)(3); United States v. Anderson, 545 F.3d 1072, 1078-79 (D.C.
Cir. 2008).
3
On December 17, 2021, Perna pled guilty to all counts in the indictment. On March 9, 2022,
the government filed a request for abatement of the prosecution, stating that Perna had died on or
about February 25, 2022. ECF Doc. 49.
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As the Supreme Court has instructed, the Court “should begin all sentencing proceedings
by correctly calculating the applicable Guidelines range.” United States v. Gall, 552 U.S. 38, 49
(2007). “As a matter of administration and to secure nationwide consistency, the Guidelines should
be the starting point and the initial benchmark” for determining a defendant’s sentence. Id. at 49.
The United States Sentencing Guidelines (“U.S.S.G.” or “Guidelines”) are “the product of careful
study based on extensive empirical evidence derived from the review of thousands of individual
sentencing decisions” and are the “starting point and the initial benchmark” for sentencing. Id. at
49.
The government agrees with the Sentencing Guidelines calculation set forth in the PSR.
According to the PSR, the U.S. Probation Office calculated Ayres’ adjusted offense level under
The U.S. Probation Office calculated Ayres’s criminal history as a category I. PSR at ¶ 38.
Accordingly, the U.S. Probation Office calculated Ayres’s total adjusted offense level, after
acceptance, at 8, and his corresponding Guidelines imprisonment range at 0-6 months. PSR at ¶
64. Ayres’s plea agreement contains an agreed-upon Guidelines’ calculation that mirrors the U.S.
“The Guidelines as written reflect the fact that the Sentencing Commission examined tens
of thousands of sentences and worked with the help of many others in the law enforcement
community over a long period of time in an effort to fulfill [its] statutory mandate.” Rita v. United
States, 551 U.S. 338, 349 (2007). As required by Congress, the Commission has “‘modif[ied] and
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adjust[ed] past practice in the interests of greater rationality, avoiding inconsistency, complying
with congressional instructions, and the like.’” Kimbrough v. United States, 552 U.S. 85, 96
(2007); 28 U.S.C. § 994(m). In so doing, the Commission “has the capacity courts lack to ‘base its
determinations on empirical data and national experience, guided by professional staff with
appropriate expertise,’” and “to formulate and constantly refine national sentencing standards.”
Kimbrough, 552 U.S. at 108. Accordingly, courts must give “respectful consideration to the
United States v. Goff, 501 F.3d 250, 257 (3d Cir. 2005). “[W]here judge and Commission both
determine that the Guidelines sentences is an appropriate sentence for the case at hand, that
sentence likely reflects the § 3553(a) factors (including its ‘not greater than necessary’
requirement),” and that significantly increases the likelihood that the sentence is a reasonable one.”
Rita, 551 U.S. at 347 (emphasis in original). In other words, “the Commission’s recommendation
of a sentencing range will ‘reflect a rough approximation of sentences that might achieve §
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Here, while the Court must balance all of the § 3553 factors to fashion a just and appropriate
sentence, the Guidelines unquestionably provide the most helpful benchmark. As this Court
knows, the government has charged a considerable number of persons with crimes based on the
January 6 riot. This includes hundreds of felonies and misdemeanors that will be subjected to
Guidelines analysis. In order to reflect Congress’s will—the same Congress that served as a
backdrop to this criminal incursion—the Guidelines will be a powerful driver of consistency and
the factors a court must consider in formulating the sentence. Some of those factors include: the
nature and circumstances of the offense, § 3553(a)(1); the history and characteristics of the
defendant, id.; the need for the sentence to reflect the seriousness of the offense and promote
respect for the law, § 3553(a)(2)(A); the need for the sentence to afford adequate deterrence, §
3553(a)(2)(B); and the need to avoid unwarranted sentence disparities among defendants with
similar records who have been found guilty of similar conduct. § 3553(a)(6). In this case, as
described below, the Section 3553(a) factors weigh in favor of 60 days incarceration.
The attack on the U.S. Capitol, on January 6, 2021 was a crime unparalleled in American
history and defies comparison to other violent riots. It represented a grave threat to our democratic
norms and practices. Indeed, it was the one of the only times in our history when the building was
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While each defendant must be sentenced based on their own conduct, this Court should
take into account that each person who entered the Capitol on January 6 without authorization did
so under extreme circumstances. As they entered the Capitol, they very likely crossed through
numerous barriers and barricades and heard the violent outcries of a mob. Depending on the timing
and location of their approach, they also may have observed extensive fighting between the rioters
and police and smelled chemical irritants in the air. No rioter was a mere tourist that day.
Additionally, while assessing Ayres’s individual conduct and fashioning a just sentence,
this Court should look to a number of critical aggravating and mitigating factors, including: (1)
whether, when, and how the defendant entered the Capitol building; (2) whether the defendant
encouraged violence; (3) whether the defendant encouraged property destruction; (4) defendant’s
reaction to acts of violence or destruction; (5) whether, during or after the riot, the defendant
destroyed evidence; (6) the length of the defendant’s time inside of the building, and exactly where
the defendant traveled; (7) the defendant’s statements in person or on social media; (8) whether
the defendant cooperated with, or ignored commands from police officers; and (9) whether the
defendant demonstrated sincere remorse or contrition. While these factors are not exhaustive nor
dispositive, they help to place each defendant on a spectrum as to their fair and just punishment.
Had Ayres personally engaged in violence or destruction, he would be facing additional charges
and/or penalties associated with that conduct. The absence of violent or destructive acts on the part
Accordingly, the nature and the circumstances of this offense establish that incarceration
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As set forth in the PSR, defendant Ayres has no prior criminal history. He was employed
as a carpenter and cabinet maker and lost his job following his arrest in this case. In addition,
while on pre-trial release for nearly 18 months, he has not violated his conditions of release. This
As noted, in July 2022, Ayres testified before the House Select Committee to Investigate
the January 6th Attack on the Capitol. As reported in the press, as Ayres was leaving the hearing
room, he apologized to former Capitol Police Officer Aquilino Gonell and Washington
Metropolitan Police Officer Daniel Hodges, who were seated in the audience behind Ayres. Asked
later about Ayres’s apology, Officer Gonnell said, “I accepted his apology. I am not a vindictive
person. Somehow he still [has] to answer to the judge criminally and also to his Maker. But I
think that apology should have been directed first [to] Erin Smith, the widow of Jeffrey Smith from
MPD, who was sitting right next to me yesterday, and he did not bother to stop …. The first person
he should have apologized [to] was Erin Smith. Her husband lost his life ... not because of what
[Ayres] did, but because of what he was part of. … Whether [Ayres apologized] as a photo op or
just looking for leniency [from] the judge, that’s not for me to decide.”
https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/3557287-officer-says-he-accepted-apology-from-
jan-6-witness-who-stormed-capitol/
C. The Need for the Sentence Imposed to Reflect the Seriousness of the Offense
and Promote Respect for the Law
The attack on the U.S. Capitol building and grounds was an attack on the rule of law. “The
violence and destruction of property at the U.S. Capitol on January 6 showed a blatant and
appalling disregard for our institutions of government and the orderly administration of the
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democratic process.4 As with the nature and circumstances of the offense, this factor supports a
sentence of incarceration, as it will in most cases, including misdemeanor cases, arising out of the
January 6 riot. See United States v. Joshua Bustle and Jessica Bustle, 21-cr-238-TFH, Tr. 08/24/21
at 3 (“As to probation, I don't think anyone should start off in these cases with any presumption of
probation. I think the presumption should be that these offenses were an attack on our democracy
and that jail time is usually -- should be expected”) (statement of Judge Hogan).
Deterrence encompasses two goals: general deterrence, or the need to deter crime
generally, and specific deterrence, or the need to protect the public from further crimes by this
defendant. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(2)(B-C), United States v. Russell, 600 F.3d 631, 637 (D.C. Cir.
2010).
General Deterrence
The need for general deterrence weighs heavily in favor of incarceration in nearly every
case arising out of the violent riot at the Capitol. Indeed, general deterrence may be the most
deterred.” (statement of Judge Nichols at sentencing, United States v. Thomas Gallagher, 1:21-
General deterrence is an important consideration because many of the rioters intended that
their attack on the Capitol would disrupt, if not prevent, one of the most important democratic
4
Federal Bureau of Investigation Director Christopher Wray, Statement before the House
Oversight and Reform Committee (June 15, 2021), available at
https://oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/Wray%20
Testimony.pdf
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processes we have: the peaceful transfer of power to a newly elected President. As noted by Judge
Tr. at 69-70. Indeed, the attack on the Capitol means “that it will be harder today than it was seven
months ago for the United States and our diplomats to convince other nations to pursue democracy.
It means that it will be harder for all of us to convince our children and our grandchildren that
The gravity of these offenses demands deterrence. This was not a protest. See United States
v. Paul Hodgkins, 21-cr-188-RDM, Tr. at 46 (“I don’t think that any plausible argument can be
made defending what happened in the Capitol on January 6th as the exercise of First Amendment
rights.”) (statement of Judge Moss). And it is important to convey to future potential rioters—
especially those who intend to improperly influence the democratic process—that their actions
will have consequences. There is possibly no greater factor that this Court must consider.
Specific Deterrence
The government cannot predict whether Ayres is likely to recidivate. Ayres claimed he
fell for the contentions of others that the election had been “stolen” and acted based on those
false claims. But having allegedly been fooled once by such claims that were loudly broadcast in
the media and on-line, and with the potential for similar claims in the future by the same actors if
future election results do not go their way, the Court should be concerned that Ayers will stick to
his rather lukewarm response to a question put to him by Representative Liz Cheney whether he
still believed the election was stolen. Ayres replied, “Not so much now. I got away from all of
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the social media ….” Thus, the government’s request for a sentence of incarceration is based on
the need for general deterrence, and not a concern for specific deterrence.
As the Court is aware, the government has charged hundreds of individuals for their roles
in this one-of-a-kind assault on the Capitol, ranging from unlawful entry misdemeanors, such as
in this case, to assault on police officers, to conspiracy to corruptly interfere with Congress.5 This
Court must sentence Ayres based on his own conduct and relevant characteristics, but should give
substantial weight to the context of his unlawful conduct: his participation in the January 6 riot.
Although those like Ayers convicted of misdemeanors are generally less culpable than defendants
convicted of felonies, misdemeanor breaches of the Capitol on January 6, 2021, were not minor
crimes. A probationary sentence should not be the default.6 See United States v. Anna Morgan-
Lloyd, 1:21-cr-00164 (RCL), Tr. 6/23/2021 at 19 (“I don’t want to create the impression that
probation is the automatic outcome here because it’s not going to be.”) (statement of Judge
Lamberth at sentencing). Accord, United States v. Valerie Ehrke, 1:21-cr-00097 (PFF), Tr.
5
Attached to this sentencing memorandum is a table providing additional information about the
sentences imposed on other Capitol breach defendants. That table also shows that the requested
sentence here would not result in unwarranted sentencing disparities.
6
Early in this investigation, the Government made a very limited number of plea offers in
misdemeanor cases that included an agreement to recommend probation, including in United
States v. Anna Morgan-Lloyd, 1:21-cr-00164(RCL); United States v. Valerie Elaine Ehrke, 1:21-
cr-00097(PFF); and United States v. Donna Sue Bissey, 1:21-cr-00165(TSC). The government is
abiding by its agreements in those cases, but has made no such agreement in this case. Cf. United
States v. Rosales-Gonzales, 801 F.3d 1177, 1183 (9th Cir. 2015) (no unwarranted sentencing
disparities under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(6) between defendants who plead guilty under a “fast-track”
program and those who do not given the “benefits gained by the government when defendants
plead guilty early in criminal proceedings”) (citation omitted).
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Ayres has pleaded guilty to Count Three of the Indictment, charging him with Disorderly
18 U.S.C. § 3559. The sentencing factors set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), including “the need to
avoid unwarranted sentence disparities among defendants with similar records who have been
For one thing, although all the other defendants discussed below participated in the Capitol
breach on January 6, 2021, many salient differences explain the differing recommendations and
sentences. Avoiding unwarranted disparities requires the courts to consider not only a defendant’s
“records” and “conduct” but other relevant sentencing criteria, such as a defendant’s expression of
remorse or cooperation with law enforcement. See United States v. Hemphill, 514 F.3d 1350, 1365
(D.C. Cir. 2008) (no unwarranted disparity regarding lower sentence of codefendant who, unlike
In cases for which the Sentencing Guidelines apply, “[t]he best way to curtail
‘unwarranted’ disparities is to follow the Guidelines, which are designed to treat similar offenses
and offenders similarly.” United States v. Bartlett, 567 F.3d 901, 908 (7th Cir. 2009). See id. (“A
assessing disparity. E.g., United States v. Knight, 824 F.3d 1105, 1111 (D.C. Cir. 2016); United
States v. Mejia, 597 F.3d 1329, 1343-44 (D.C. Cir. 2010); United States v. Bras, 483 F.3d 103,
114 (D.C. Cir. 2007). The Capitol breach was sui generis: a mass crime with significant
distinguishing features, including the historic assault on the seat of legislative branch of federal
government, the vast size of the mob, the goal of impeding if not preventing the peaceful transfer
of Presidential power, the use of violence by a substantial number of rioters against police officers,
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and large number of victims. Thus, even though many of defendants were not charged as
conspirators or as codefendants, the sentences handed down for Capitol breach offenses is an
Of the hundreds of persons charged in the January 6 attack on the Capitol, very few have
pled guilty to, and been sentenced for, a single count of violating Section 1752(a)(2). Those few
cases have generally involved aggressive conduct by the defendant not present in this case (such
as throwing objects at the police, trying to grab an officer’s baton, and the like) – and the
government has asked for sentences of approximately 12 months’ incarceration in those cases,
For example, in United States v. Matthew Baggott, 1:21-cr-411-02, the government sought
incarceration, because the statutory maximum sentence for a violation of Section 1752 is 12
months’ incarceration). Baggott was part of a crowd under the scaffolding on the Northwest Stairs
that taunted police, sprayed substances at them, and attempted to physically breach the metal
barricades that had been set up for the protection of the officers, the building, and those inside.
Prior to his entry into the Capitol, Baggott threw an object at the Capitol Police at the top of the
Northwest Stairs. He then entered the Capitol as part of the first wave of rioters to breach the
Senate Wing Doors, pumping his fist in the air prior to entering; remained in the Capitol for more
than 40 minutes, during which time he went to the Crypt, the Rotunda, and Statuary Hall;
confronted police in the Ohio Cloak Corridor; and grabbed an officer’s baton but did not succeed
in taking it. The court imposed a sentence of three months’ incarceration, significantly below the
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Similarly, in United States v. Dennis Sidorski, 1:21-cr-48 (ABJ), the government sought a
sentence of 12 months’ incarceration, the bottom of the 12 to 18 month advisory guideline range
written on it – went to the Capitol. Outside the Capitol, he made unwarranted contact with a police
officer, putting his hand on the officer’s shoulder and arm for approximately three seconds. He
then scaled a wall near Northwest scaffolding; entered the Senate Wing Door at 2:14 p.m.,
approximately one minute after it was first breached; walked through or remained in the Rotunda,
Statuary Hall, the Upper House Doors, and a suite of offices of Speak of the House Nancy Pelosi
(where he remained for six minutes); and was present in the Crypt when a line of police officers
was forced to fall back due to the unruly mob. Later, after seeing his image on TV, Sidorski threw
away his distinctive sweatshirt and deleted his Facebook account. The court imposed a sentence
In this case, which lacks the aggravating factors present in the cases above, the government
asks for a sentence of 60 days, substantially less than it has sought in other Section 1752 cases.
“only one of several factors that must be weighted and balanced,” and the degree of weight is
“firmly committed to the discretion of the sentencing judge.” United States v. Coppola, 671 F.3d
220, 254 (2d Cir. 2012). The § 3553(a) factors that this Court assesses are “open-ended,” with the
result that “different district courts may have distinct sentencing philosophies and may emphasize
and weigh the individual § 3553(a) factors differently; and every sentencing decision involves its
own set of facts and circumstances regarding the offense and the offender.” United States v.
Gardellini, 545 F.3d 1089, 1093 (D.C. Cir. 2008). “[D]ifferent district courts can and will sentence
differently—differently from the Sentencing Guidelines range, differently from the sentence an
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appellate court might have imposed, and differently from how other district courts might have
V. Conclusion
Sentencing requires the Court to carefully balance the § 3553(a) factors. Balancing these
factors, the government recommends that this Court sentence Ayres to 60 days incarceration, one
year supervised release, 60 hours community service, and $500 in restitution. Such a sentence
protects the community, promotes respect for the law, and deters future crime by imposing
restrictions on his liberty as a consequence of his behavior, while recognizing his acceptance of
Respectfully submitted,
MATTHEW M. GRAVES
United States Attorney
D.C. Bar No. 481052
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
On this 15th day of September, 2022, a copy of the foregoing was served upon all parties
listed on the Electronic Case Filing (ECF) System.
Nihar Mohanty
Assistant United States Attorney
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Table 1: Cases in which the government recommended a probation sentence without home detention1
1
Early in this investigation, the Government made a very limited number of plea offers in misdemeanor cases that included an agreement to recommend probation
in United States v. Anna Morgan-Lloyd, 1:21-cr-00164(RCL); United States v. Valerie Elaine Ehrke, 1:21-cr-00097(PFF); United States v. Donna Sue Bissey, 1:21-
cr-00165(TSC), United States v. Douglas K. Wangler, 1:21-cr-00365(DLF), and United States v. Bruce J. Harrison, 1:21-cr-00365(DLF). The government is
abiding by its agreements in those cases, but has made no such agreement in this case. Cf. United States v. Rosales-Gonzales, 801 F.3d 1177, 1183 (9th Cir. 2015)
(no unwarranted sentencing disparities under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(6) between defendants who plead guilty under a “fast-track” program and those who do not given
the “benefits gained by the government when defendants plead guilty early in criminal proceedings”) (citation omitted).
1
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Table 2: Cases in which the government recommended a probation sentence with home detention
2
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3
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Wilkerson, John 1:21-CR-00302-CRC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 2 months’ home detention 36 months’ probation
IV 36 months’ probation $2500 fine
60 hours community service 60 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Jones, Caleb 1:21-CR-00321-JEB 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 3 months’ home detention 2 months’ home detention
36 months’ probation 24 months’ probation
60 hours community service 100 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Brown, Terry 1:21-CR-00041-CJN 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 45 days’ home detention 30 days’ home detention
36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
60 hours community service 60 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Wrigley, 1:21-CR-00042-ABJ 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 2 months’ home detention 18 months’ probation
Andrew 36 months’ probation $2000 fine
60 hours community service 60 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Parks, Jennifer 1:21-CR-00363-CJN 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ home detention 24 months’ probation
36 months’ probation 60 hours community service
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Reimler, 1:21-CR-00239- 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 2 months’ home detention 30 days’ home detention
Nicholas RDM 36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
60 hours community service 60 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Miller, Brandon 1:21-CR-00266-TSC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 3 months’ home detention 20 days’ incarceration
36 months’ probation 60 hours community service
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Miller, 1:21-CR-00266-TSC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 2 months’ home detention 14 days’ incarceration
Stephanie 36 months’ probation 60 hours community service
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Hatley, Andrew 1:21-CR-00098-TFH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 2 months’ home detention 36 months’ probation
36 months’ probation $500 restitution
60 hours community service
$500 restitution
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Pert, Rachael 1:21-CR-00139-TNM 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) 3 months’ home detention 24 months’ probation
24 months’ probation 100 hours community service
40 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Winn, Dana 1:21-CR-00139-TNM 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) 3 months’ home detention 10 days’ incarceration (weekends)
24 months’ probation 12 months’ probation
40 hours community service 100 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Wickersham, 1:21-CR-00606-RCL 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 4 months’ home detention 3 months’ home detention
Gary 36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
60 hours community service $2000 fine
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Schwemmer, 1:21-CR-00364-DLF 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ home detention 24 months’ probation
Esther 36 months’ probation 60 hours community service
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Kelly, Kenneth 1:21-CR-00331-CKK 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 2 months’ home detention 2 months’ home detention
36 months’ probation 12 months’ probation
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Straka, Brandon 1:21-cr-00579-DLF 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(D) 4 months’ home detention 3 months’ home detention
36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
60 hours community service $5000 fine
$500 restitution 60 hours community service
$500 restitution
Sizer, Julia 1:21-CR-00621-CRC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 2 months’ home detention 12 months’ probation
36 months’ probation $2,000 fine
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Blauser, 1:21-CR-00386-TNM 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 3 months’ home detention $500 fine
William 36 months’ probation $500 restitution
60 hours community service
$500 restitution
5
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Reda, Kenneth 1:21-CR-00452-TFH 40 U.S.C. § 2 months’ home detention 2 months’ home detention
5104(e)(2)(G) 36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
60 hours community service 60 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
McCreary, 1:21-CR-00125-BAH 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) 3 months’ home detention 42 days’ intermittent incarceration
Brian 36 months’ probation (condition of probation)
60 hours community service 2 months’ home detention
$500 restitution 36 months’ probation
$2,500 fine
$500 restitution
Colbath, Paul 1:21-CR-00650-RDM 40 U.S.C. § 3 months’ home detention 30 day’s home detention
5104(e)(2)(G) 36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
60 hours community service 60 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Lewis, Jacob 1:21-CR-00100-CRC 40 U.S.C. § 2 months’ home detention 24 months’ probation
5104(e)(2)(G) 36 months’ probation $3000 fine
60 hours community service 60 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Lentz, Nicholes 1:22-CR-00053-RDM 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) 2 months’ home detention 1 month home detention
36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
100 hours community service
$500 restitution
Daughtry, 1:21-CR00141-RDM 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) 4 month’s home detention 60 days’ home detention
Michael 36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Juran, John 1:21-CR-00419-TFH 40 U.S.C. § 2 months’ home detention 2 months’ home detention
5104(e)(2)(G) 36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
60 hours community service $500 fine
$500 restitution $500 restitution
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$500 restitution
Hodgkins, Paul 1:21-CR-00188-RDM 18 U.S.C. § 1512(c)(2) 18 months’ incarceration 8 months’ incarceration
24 months’ supervised release
$2000 restitution
Dresch, Karl 1:21-CR-00071-ABJ 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 6 months’ incarceration (time 6 months’ incarceration (time
served) served)
$1000 fine $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Jancart, Derek 1:21-CR-00148-JEB 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(D) 4 months’ incarceration 45 days’ incarceration
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Rau, Erik 1:21-CR-00467-JEB 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(D) 4 months’ incarceration 45 days’ incarceration
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Hemenway, 1:21-CR-00049-TSC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ incarceration 45 days’ incarceration
Edward $500 restitution 60 hours community service
$500 restitution
Reeder, Robert 1:21-CR-00166-TFH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 6 months’ incarceration 3 months’ incarceration
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Bauer, Robert 1:21-CR-00049-TSC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ incarceration 45 days’ incarceration
$500 restitution 60 hours community service
$500 restitution
Smocks, Troy 1:21-CR-00198-TSC 18 U.S.C. § 875(c) Low end of sentencing 14 months’ incarceration
guidelines 36 months’ supervised release
36 months’ supervised release
Vinson, Lori 1:21-CR-00355-RBW 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ incarceration 60 months’ probation
$500 restitution $5,000 fine
120 hours community service
$500 restitution
Griffith, Jack 1:21-CR-00204-BAH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 3 months’ incarceration 3 months’ home detention
$500 restitution 36 months’ probation
$500 restitution
Torrens, Eric 1:21-CR-00204-BAH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 3 months’ home detention
$500 restitution 36 months’ probation
$500 restitution
Gruppo, 1:21-CR-00391-BAH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ incarceration 3 months’ home detention
Leonard $500 restitution 24 months’ probation
$3,000 fine
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$500 restitution
Ryan, Jennifer 1:21-CR-00050-CRC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 2 months’ incarceration 2 months’ incarceration
$500 restitution $1000 fine
$500 restitution
Croy, Glenn 1:21-CR-00162-BAH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 2 months’ incarceration 14 days’ community correctional
$500 restitution facility
3 months’ home detention
36 months’ probation
$500 restitution
Stotts, Jordan 1:21-CR-00272-TJK 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 45 days’ incarceration 2 months’ home detention
$500 restitution 24 months’ probation
60 hours community service
$500 restitution
Fairlamb, Scott 1:21-CR-00120-RCL 18 U.S.C. § 1512(c)(2) 44 months’ incarceration 41 months’ incarceration
18 U.S.C. § 111(a)(1) 36 months’ supervised release 36 months’ supervised release
$2000 fine $2000 restitution
Camper, Boyd 1:21-CR-00325-CKK 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 2 months’ incarceration 2 months’ incarceration
$500 restitution 60 hours community service
$500 restitution
Rukstales, 1:21-CR-00041-CJN 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 45 days’ incarceration 30 days’ incarceration
Bradley $500 restitution $500 restitution
Cordon, Kevin 1:21-CR-00277-TNM 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) 30 days’ incarceration 12 months’ probation
12 months’ supervised release $4000 fine
$500 restitution 100 hours community service
$500 restitution
Chansley, Jacob 1:21-CR-00003-RCL 18 U.S.C. § 1512(c)(2) 51 months’ incarceration 41 months’ incarceration
36 months’ supervised release 36 months’ supervised release
$2000 restitution $2000 restitution
Mish, David 1:21-CR-00112-CJN 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ incarceration 30 days’ incarceration
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Lolos, John 1:21-CR-00243-APM 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ incarceration 14 days’ incarceration
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Scavo, Frank 1:21-CR-00254-RCL 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 2 months’ incarceration
$500 restitution $5000 fine
$500 restitution
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Rusyn, Michael 1:21-CR-00303-ABJ 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 45 days’ incarceration 2 months’ home detention
$500 restitution 24 months’ probation
$2000 fine
$500 restitution
Tryon, William 1:21-CR-00420-RBW 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) 30 days’ incarceration 50 days’ incarceration
12 months’ supervised release 12 months’ supervised release
$500 restitution $1000 fine
$500 restitution
Sells, Tanner 1:21-CR-00549-ABJ 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 3 months’ home detention
36 months’ probation 24 months’ probation
60 hours community service $1500 fine
$500 restitution 50 hours community service
$500 restitution
Walden, Jon 1:21-CR-00548-DLF 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 30 days’ home detention
60 hours community service 36 months’ probation
$500 restitution 60 hours community service
$500 restitution
Prado, Nicole 1:21-CR-00403-RC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 2 months’ 12-hour curfew
36 months’ probation 12 months’ probation
60 hours community service $742 fine
$500 restitution 60 hours community service
$500 restitution
Williams, Vic 1:21-CR-00388-RC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 2 months’ home detention
36 months’ probation 12 months’ probation
60 hours community service $1500 fine
$500 restitution 60 hours community service
$500 restitution
Wiedrich, Jacob 1:21-CR-00581-TFH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 3 months’ incarceration 3 months’ home detention
36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
$500 restitution 100 hours community service
$500 restitution
Stepakoff, 1:21-CR-00096-RC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 2 months’ home detention
Michael 36 months’ probation 12 months’ probation
60 hours community service $742 fine
$500 restitution 60 hours community service
$500 restitution
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Burress, Gabriel 1:21-CR-00744-TJK 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 45 days’ home confinement
36 months’ probation 18 months’ probation
$500 restitution $500 restitution
60 hours community service 60 hours community service
Pettit, Madison 1:21-CR-00744-TJK 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 45 days’ home confinement
36 months’ probation 18 months’ probation
$500 restitution $500 restitution
60 hours community service 60 hours community service
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Reed, Blake 1:21-CR-00204-BAH 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) 3 months’ incarceration 42 days’ intermittent confinement
12 months’ supervised release 3 months’ home detention
$500 restitution 36 months’ probation
$2500 fine
$500 restitution
Rebegila, Mark 1:21-CR-00283-APM 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 2 months’ incarceration 30 days’ home detention
36 months’ probation 24 months’ probation
$500 restitution $2000 fine
60 hours community service
$500 restitution
Watrous, 1:21-CR-00627-BAH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 14 days’ intermittent confinement
Richard 36 months’ probation 2 months’ home detention
60 hours community service 36 months’ probation
$500 restitution $2500 fine
$500 restitution
Meteer, Clifford 1:21-CR-00630-CJN 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 75 days’ incarceration 60 days’ incarceration
36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
60 hours community service 60 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Conover, 1:21-CR-00743-FYP 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ incarceration 30 days’ residential reentry center
Thomas 36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
60 hours community service $2500 fine
$500 restitution 60 hours community service
$500 restitution
Lavin, Jean 1:21-CR-00596-BAH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 10 days’ intermittent confinement (5
36 months’ probation weekends)
$500 restitution 2 months’ home detention
36 months’ probation
$2500 fine
$500 restitution
Krzywicki, 1:21-CR-00596-BAH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ incarceration 36 months’ probation
Carla 36 months’ probation 3 months’ home detention
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Kulas, Christian 1:21-CR-00397-TFH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 6 months’ probation
36 months’ probation 2 months’ home detention
60 hours community service $500 restitution
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$500 restitution
Kulas, Mark 1:21-CR-00693-TFH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 6 months’ probation
36 months’ probation 2 months’ home detention
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Von Bernewitz, 1:21-CR-00307-CRC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 60 days home detention
Eric 36 months’ probation 24 months’ probation
60 hours community service $1000 fine
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Von Bernewitz, 1:21-CR-00307-CRC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 45 days’ incarceration 30 days’ incarceration
Paul 36 months’ probation $500 restitution
60 hours community service
$500 restitution
Ballesteros, 1:21-CR-00580-DLF 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 36 months’ probation
Robert 24 months’ probation 40 hours community service
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Sarko, Oliver 1:21-CR-00591-CKK 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ incarceration 30 days’ incarceration
36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Vuksanaj, 1:21-CR-00620-BAH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 3 months’ incarceration 42 days’ intermittent confinement (3,
Anthony 36 months’ probation 14-day periods)
60 hours community service 3 months’ home detention
$500 restitution 36 months’ probation
$2000 fine
$500 restitution
Creek, Kevin 1:21-CR-00645-DLF 18 U.S.C. § 111(a)(1) 27 months’ incarceration 27 months’ incarceration
36 months’ supervised release 12 months’ supervised release
$2000 restitution $2000 restitution
Peart, Willard 1:21-CR-00662-PLF 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ incarceration 2 months’ home detention
36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
60 hours community service 240 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 fine
$500 restitution
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$500 restitution
Persick, Kerry 1:21-CR-00485-BAH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 36 months’ probation
36 months’ probation 90 days’ supervised release
$500 restitution $5,000 fine
$500 restitution
Ticas, David 1:21-CR-00601-JDB 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G 36 months’ incarceration 14 days’ incarceration
36 months’ probation 24 months’ probation
60 hours community serivce 60 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Lindsey, Terry 1:21-CR-00162-BAH 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) 12 months’ incarceration 5 months’ incarceration on the
40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(D) 12 months’ supervised release § 5104 counts to be served
40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 60 hours community service concurrently
$500 restitution 36 months’ probation on the § 1752
count
$500 restitution
Mattice, Cody 1:21-CR-00657-BAH 18 U.S.C. § 111(a)(1) 44 months’ incarceration 44 months’ incarceration
36 months’ supervised release 36 months’ supervised release
$2,000 restitution $2,000 restitution
Mault, James 1:21-CR-00657-BAH 18 U.S.C. § 111(a)(1) 44 months’ incarceration 44 months’ incarceration
36 months’ supervised release 36 months’ supervised release
$2,000 restitution $2,000 restitution
Bancroft, Dawn 1:21-CR-00271-ESG 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 60 day’s incarceration 60 day’s incarceration
36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitition
Santos-Smith, 1:21-CR-00271-ESG 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 day’s incarceration 20 day’s incarceration
Diana 36 months’ probation 36 months’ probation
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitition
Buckler, 1:22-CR-00162-TNM 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ incarceration 14 days’ home detention
Matthew 36 months’ probation 24 months’ probation
60 hours community service 60 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Romero, Moises 1:21-CR-00677-TSC 18 U.S.C. § 231(a)(3) 11 months’ incarceration One year and one day incarceration
36 months’ supervised release 12 months’ supervised release
$2000 restitution $2,000 restitution
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Ponder, Mark 1:21-CR-00259-TSC 18 U.S.C. § 111(a)(1) and 60 months’ incarceration 63 months’ incarceration
(b) 36 months’ supervised release 36 months’ supervised release
$2000 restitution $2000 restitution
Mental health treatment
Bishai, Elliot 1:21-CR-00282-TSC 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) 30 days incarceration 14 days incarceration
12 months’ supervised release 12 months’ supervised release
60 hours community service 60 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
Reffitt, Guy 1:21-CR-00032-DLF 18 U.S.C. § 231(a)(2) 180 months’ incarceration 87 months’ incarceration
18 U.S.C. § 1512(c)(2) 3 years supervised release 3 years supervised release
18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1) $2000 restitution $2000 restitution
18 U.S.C. § 231(a)(3)
18 U.S.C. § 1512(a)(2)(C)
Caplinger, 1:21-CR-00342-PLF 40 U.S.C. § 5104(d) 90 days incarceration 35 days incarceration
Jeremiah 36 months’ probation 24 months’ probation
$500 restitution 60 hours community service
$500 restitution
Cavanaugh, 1:21-CR-00362-APM 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ incarceration 24 months’ probation
Andrew 36 months’ probation 60 hours community service
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Baggott, 1:21-CR-00411-APM 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(2) middle of sentencing guidelines 3 months’ incarceration
Matthew range 12 months’ supervised release
12 months’ supervised release 60 hours community service
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Willden, Ricky 1:21-CR-00423-RC 18 U.S.C. § 111(a)(1) 30 months’ incarceration 24 months’ incarceration
36 months’ supervised release 36 months’ release
$2000 restitution $2000 restitution
Hyland, Jason 1:21-CR-00050-CRC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days incarceration 7 days incarceration
36 months’ probation $500 restitution
$500 restitution $4,000 fine
Ortiz, 1:22-CR-00082-JMC 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 5 months’ incarceration 12 months’ probation
Christopher 36 months’ probation 2 months’ Home Detention
$500 restitution 100 hours community service
$500 Restitution
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18 U.S.C. 1752(a)(2),
(b)(1)(A);
18 U.S.C. 1752(a)(4),
(b)(1)(A);
40 U.S.C. 5104(e)(2)(F)
Michetti, 1:21-cr-00232 – CRC 18 U.S.C. § 1512(c)(2) 18 months’ incarceration 9 months’ incarceration
Richard 36 months’ supervised release 24 months’ supervised release
$2,000 restitution $2,000 restitution
Watson, Sean 1:21-CR-00422 – 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 7 days’ incarceration
APM 36 months’ probations 24 months’ probation
60 hours community service 60 hours community service
$500 restitution $500 restitution
McNicoll, Lois 1:21-CR-00468 – DLF 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 14 days’ incarceration 24 months’ probation
Lynn 36 months’ probation 80 hours community service
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
Schwartzberg, 1:21-CR-00338 – TFH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 120 days’ incarceration 45 days’ incarceration
Dovid 36 months’ probations $500 restitution
60 hours community service
$500 restitution
Youngers, 1:21-CR-00640 – TFH 40 U.S.C. § 5104(e)(2)(G) 30 days’ incarceration 36 months’ probation
Darrell 36 months’ probation $1,000 fine
60 hours community service $500 restitution
$500 restitution
29