Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut

Syllabus of the Subject:

Physics

For First Three Years of Under-Graduate (UG) Programme

(As per guidelines of Common Minimum Syllabus prepared by U.P. Government

according to the National Education Policy-2020 w.e.f. the session 2021-2022)

(For both University Campus and Colleges)

1
Members of the Board of Studies:
S. No. Name Signature
1. Prof. M.K. Gupta, Dean, Science faculty

2. Prof. Beer Pal Singh, Convener-I

3. Prof. Anil Kumar Malik, Member

4. Dr. Rekha Sharma, Convener-II

5. Dr. S K Sharma, Member

6. Dr. Garima Jain, Member

7. Prof. L P Purohit, External Expert

8. Prof. Hitendra K Malik, External Expert

9. Prof. Lokendra Kumar, External Expert

10. Dr. Mahesh Kumar Sharma, Principal

Scientist, NPL Delhi

11. Dr. B K Tyagi, Rtd. Principal

2
 SUBJECT: PHYSICS

Semester-wise Titles of the Papers in B.Sc. (Physics)

Year Sem. Course code Paper Title Theory/ Credits
Practical
B010101T Mathematical Physics & Newtonian Theory 04
Mechanics
I
B010102P Mechanical Properties of Matter Practical 02
First B010201T Thermal Physics & Semiconductor Theory 04
Devices
Year II
B010202P Thermal Properties of Matter & Practical 02
Electronic Circuits
Electromagnetic Theory & Modern Theory 04
B010301T
Optics
III
Demonstrative Aspects of Electricity Practical 02
B010302P
Second & Magnetism
Perspectives of Modern Physics & Theory 04
Year B010401T
Basic Electronics
IV
B010402P Basic Electronics Instrumentation Practical 02
B010501T Classical & Statistical Mechanics Theory 04
B010502T Quantum Mechanics & Spectroscopy Theory 04
V
Demonstrative Aspects of Optics & Practical 02
B010503P
Lasers
Third B010601T Solid State & Nuclear Physics Theory 04
Analog & Digital Principles & Theory 04
Year VI B010602T
Applications
B010603P Analog & Digital Circuits Practical 02

3
 SEMESTER-WISE PAPER TITLES WITH DETAILS

SEME- PREREQUISITE ELECTIVE

YEAR PAPER PAPER TITLE
STER For Paper For Major Subjects
CERTIFICATE
IN BASIC PHYSICS & SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

Theory Mathematical Physics & Physics in 12th / YES

SEMESTER

Paper-1 Newtonian Mechanics Mathematics in 12th Open to all

I

YES
Practical Mechanical Properties of Opted / Passed
FIRST YEAR

Bota./Chem./Comp. Sc./
Paper Matter Sem I, Th Paper-1
Math./Stat./Zool.

Theory Thermal Physics & Physics in 12th / YES

SEMESTER

Paper-1 Semiconductor Devices Chemistry in 12th Open to all

II

YES
Practical Thermal Properties of Matter Opted / Passed
Bota./Chem./Comp. Sc./
Paper & Electronic Circuits Sem II, Th Paper-1
Math./Stat./Zool.
DIPLOMA
IN APPLIED PHYSICS WITH ELECTRONICS

Theory Electromagnetic Theory & Passed YES

SEMESTER

Paper-1 Modern Optics Sem I, Th Paper-1 Open to all

III

YES
SECOND YEAR

Practical Demonstrative Aspects of Opted / Passed

Bota./Chem./Comp. Sc./
Paper Electricity & Magnetism Sem III, Th Paper-1
Math./Stat./Zool.

Theory Perspectives of Modern Passed YES

SEMESTER

Paper-1 Physics & Basic Electronics Sem I, Th Paper-1 Open to all

IV

YES
Practical Basic Electronics Opted / Passed
Bota./Chem./Comp. Sc./
Paper Instrumentation Sem IV, Th Paper-1
Math./Stat./Zool.
DEGREE
IN BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
Theory Classical & Statistical Passed YES
Paper-1 Mechanics Sem I, Th Paper-1 Chem./Comp. Sc./Math./Stat.
SEMESTER

Theory Quantum Mechanics & Passed YES

V

Paper-2 Spectroscopy Sem IV, Th Paper-1 Chem./Comp. Sc./Math./Stat.

THIRD YEAR

Practical Demonstrative Aspects of Passed YES

Paper Optics & Lasers Sem III, Th Paper-1 Chem./Comp. Sc./Math./Stat.
Theory Passed YES
Solid State & Nuclear Physics
Paper-1 Sem V, Th Paper-2 Chem./Comp. Sc./Math./Stat.
SEMESTER

Theory Analog & Digital Principles & Passed YES

VI

Paper-2 Applications Sem IV, Th Paper-1 Open to all

Practical Opted / Passed YES
Analog & Digital Circuits
Paper Sem VI, Th Paper-2 Chem./Comp. Sc./Math./Stat.

4
 ::SUBJECT PREREQUISITES::

To study this subject, a student must have had the subjects Physics & Mathematics in class 12th

::PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)::

Students having Degree in B.Sc. (with Physics) should have knowledge of different concepts and
fundamentals of Physics and ability to apply this knowledge in various fields of academics and industry.
They may pursue their future career in the field of academics, research and industry.

::PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)::

After completing B.Sc. (with physics) the student should have
CERTIFICATE
IN BASIC PHYSICS & SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

After completing this certificate course, the student should have

• Competence in the methods and techniques of calculations using Newtonian Mechanics and
Thermodynamics.
• Students are expected to have hands on experience in modeling, implementation and
calculation of physical quantities of relevance.
• Students are expected to have an insight in handling electrical and electronic instruments.
• Student should be able to handle basic electronic instruments, which are being used in
electronics, telecommunication and instrumentation industry.

DIPLOMA
IN APPLIED PHYSICS WITH ELECTRONICS

After completing this diploma course, the student should have

• Knowledge of different concepts in electromagnetic theory, Modern Optics and Relativistic
Mechanics.
• Knowledge of electromagnetic wave propagation, which serves as a basis for all
communication systems and deals with the physics and technology of semiconductor
optoelectronic devices.
• A deeper insight in electronics to address the important components in consumer
Optoelectronics, IT and communication devices, and in industrial instrumentation.
• Knowledge of basic concepts of optical instruments and lasers with their applications in
technology.

5
 DEGREE
IN BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

After completing this degree course, the student should have

• Knowledge of different aspects of classical, quantum and statistical computational tools
required in the calculation of physical quantities of relevance in interacting many body
problems in physics.
• Develop the basic knowledge and proficiency of solid-state physics and nuclear physics,
which have utmost importance at both undergraduate and graduate level.
• Proficiency in this area will attract demand in research and industrial establishments
engaged in activities involving applications of these fields.
• Comprehensive knowledge of Analog & Digital Principles and Applications.
• Learn the integrated approach to analog electronic circuitry and digital electronics for R&D.

6
 ::List of All Papers in All Six Semesters::
Programme Year Sem. Course title Credits Teaching
Hours
Theory Part A: Basic Mathematical 04 60
in basic Physics & Semiconductor

(B010101T) Physics
Mathematical Part B: Newtonian
Physics & Mechanics & Wave Motion

First
I Newtonian
Mechanics
Certificate

Devices

Practical (B010102P) Mechanical Properties of 02 60

Matter
Theory(B010201T) Part A: Thermodynamics & 04 60
Thermal Physics & Kinetic Theory of Gases
Second

Semiconductor Part B: Circuit Fundamentals

Devices & Semiconductor Devices
Practical(B010202P) Thermal Properties of Matter 02 60
& Electronic Circuits
Theory(B010301T) Part A: Electromagnetic 04 60
Electromagnetic Theory
in Applied Physics with

Third

Theory & Modern Part B: Physical Optics &

Optics Lasers
Electronics

Practical (B010302P) Demonstrative Aspects of 02 60

Diploma

II
Electricity & Magnetism
Theory(B010401T) Part A: Perspectives of 04 60
Perspectives of Modern Physics
Fourth

Modern Physics & Part B: Basic Electronics &

Basic Electronics Introduction to Fiber Optics
Practical (B010402P) Basic Electronics 02 60
Instrumentation
Theory(B010501T) Part A: Introduction to 04 60
Classical & Classical Mechanics
Statistical Part B: Introduction to
Mechanics Statistical Mechanics
Theory(B010502T) Part A: Introduction to 04 60
Fifth

Quantum Quantum Mechanics

in Bachelor of Science

III Mechanics & Part B: Introduction to

Spectroscopy Spectroscopy
Practical (B010503P) Demonstrative Aspects of 02 60
Degree

Optics & Lasers

Part A: Introduction to Solid 04 60
Theory(B010601T)
State Physics
Solid State &
Part B: Introduction to
Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Physics
Sixth

Theory(B010602T) Part A: Analog Electronic 04 60

Analog & Digital Circuits
Principles & Part B: Digital Electronics
Applications
Practical (B010603P) Analog & Digital Circuits 02 60

7
Programme Class: Year: First Semester:
Certificate First
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course title: Mathematical Physics & Newtonian Mechanics
(B010101T)
Course Outcomes:
• Recognize the difference between scalars, vectors, pseudo-scalars and pseudo-vectors.
• Understand the physical interpretation of gradient, divergence and curl.
• Comprehend the difference and connection between Cartesian, spherical and cylindrical coordinate
systems.
• Know the meaning of 4-vectors, Kronecker delta and Epsilon (Levi Civita) tensors.
• Study the origin of pseudo forces in rotating frame.
• Study the response of the classical systems to external forces and their elastic deformation.
• Understand the dynamics of planetary motion and the working of Global Positioning System (GPS).
• Comprehend the different features of Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) and wave propagation.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part A: Basic Mathematical Physics
Contribution of Indian Scientists:
Contributions of Aryabhata, Vikram Sarabhai, C V Raman, S N Bose, M N Shaha, Subrahmanyam,
Chandrasekhar.
Vector Algebra
Coordinate rotation, reflection and inversion for defining scalars,
I 7
vectors, pseudo-scalars and pseudo-vectors (include physical examples).
Component form in 2D and 3D. Geometrical and physical interpretation
of addition, subtraction, dot product, wedge product, cross product and
triple product of vectors. Position, separation and displacement vectors.
II Vector Calculus:
Geometrical and physical interpretation of vector differentiation,
Gradient, Divergence and Curl and their significance. Vector integration,
Line, Surface (flux) and Volume integrals of vector fields. Gradient 8
theorem, Gauss-divergence theorem, Stoke-curl theorem, Green’s
theorem (statement only). Introduction to Dirac delta function.
III Coordinate Systems:
2D & 3D Cartesian, Spherical and Cylindrical coordinate systems, basis
vectors, transformation equations. Expressions for displacement vector,
arc length, area element, volume element, gradient, divergence and curl 8
in different coordinate systems. Components of velocity and acceleration
in different coordinate systems.
IV Introduction to Tensors
Principle of invariance of physical laws w.r.t. different coordinate
systems as the basis for defining tensors. contravariant, covariant &
mixed tensors and their ranks, 4-vectors. Index notation and summation 7
convention. Symmetric and skew-symmetric tensors. Examples of
tensors in physics.
8
 PART B: Newtonian Mechanics & Wave Motion
V Dynamics of a System of Particles:
Review of historical development of mechanics up to Newton.
Background, statement and critical analysis of Newton’s axioms of
motion. Dynamics of a system of particles, centre of mass motion, and 8
conservation laws & their deductions. Rotating frames of reference.
VI Dynamics of a Rigid Body:
Angular momentum, Torque, Rotational energy and the inertia tensor.
Rotational inertia for simple bodies (ring, disk, rod, solid and hollow
sphere, solid and hollow cylinder, rectangular lamina). The combined 8
translational and rotational motion of a rigid body on horizontal and
inclined planes. Elasticity, relations between elastic constants, bending
of beam and torsion of cylinder.
VII Motion of Planets & Satellites:
Two particle central force problem, reduced mass, relative and centre of
7
mass motion. Newton’s law of gravitation, gravitational field and
gravitational potential. Kepler’s laws of planetary motion and their
deductions. Motions of geo-synchronous & geo-stationary satellites and
basic idea of Global Positioning System (GPS).
VIII Wave Motion:
Differential equation of simple harmonic motion and its solution, use of
complex notation, damped and forced oscillations, Quality factor.
Composition of simple harmonic motion, Lissajous figures. Differential 7
equation of wave motion. Plane progressive waves in fluid media,
reflection of waves and phase change, pressure and energy distribution.
Principle of superposition of waves, stationary waves, phase and group
velocity.
Suggested Readings:
PART A
1. Murray Spiegel, Seymour Lipschutz, Dennis Spellman, “Schaum’s Outline Series: Vector Analysis”,
McGraw Hill, 2017, 2e
2. A.W. Joshi, “Matrices and Tensors in Physics”, New Age International Private Limited, 1995, 3e

PART B
3. Charles Kittel, Walter D. Knight, Malvin A. Ruderman, Carl A. Helmholz, Burton J. Moyer, “Mechanics
(In SI Units): Berkeley Physics Course Vol 1”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 2e
4. H. K. Malik and A.K. Singh “Engineering Physics”, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited,
2018, 2e.
5. Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew Sands, “The Feynman Lectures on Physics - Vol. 1”,
Pearson Education Limited, 2012
6. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman, “Sears & Zemansky's University Physics with Modern Physics”,
Pearson Education Limited, 2017, 14e
7. D.S. Mathur, P.S. Hemne, “Mechanics”, S. Chand Publishing, 1981, 3e
Books of local authors:
1. Mathematical Physics, B. D. Gupta, S. Chand Publiction
2. Mathematical Physics, H. D. Das, S. Chand Publiction
3. Mechanics & Wave Motion, Agrawal, Jain & Sharma, Krishna Prakashan, Meerut
4. या#$की एवं तरं ग गित, अ/वाल, जैन व शमा6 , कृ8ा 9काशन, मेरठ
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:
8. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
9. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
10. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
11. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
9
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:
Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:

Quiz/ Assignment (05 marks)

Class Test-I (10 marks)
Class Test-II (10 marks)

§ The course can be opted as an elective, which is open to all students.

§ PREREQUISITE: Physics and Mathematics in 12th

Programme Class: Year: First Semester:

Certificate First
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course Title: Mechanical Properties of Matter
(B010102P)
Course Outcome:
• Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used
to study and determine the mechanical properties.
• Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab Experiments.
• Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for
modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Moment of inertia of a flywheel
2. Moment of inertia of an irregular body by inertia table
3. Modulus of rigidity by statistical method (Barton’s apparatus)
4. Modulus of rigidity by dynamical method (sphere / disc / Maxwell’s
needle)
5. Young’s modulus by bending of beam 60
6. Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio by Searle’s method
7. Poisson’s ratio of rubber-by-rubber tubing
8. Surface tension of water by capillary rise method
9. Surface tension of water by Jaeger’s method
10. Coefficient of viscosity of water by Poiseuille’s method
11. Acceleration due to gravity by bar pendulum
12. Frequency of AC mains by Sonometer
13. Height of a building by Sextant
14. Study the wave form of an electrically maintained tuning fork /
alternating current source with the help of cathode ray oscilloscope.
10
 Online Virtual Lab Experiment List/Link
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=74
1. Torque and angular acceleration of a fly wheel
2. Torsional oscillations in different liquids
3. Moment of inertia of flywheel
4. Newton's second law of motion
5. Ballistic pendulum
6. Collision balls
7. Projectile motion
8. Elastic and inelastic collision
9. Spiral Spring Experiment
Suggested Readings:
1. B.L. Worsnop, H.T. Flint, “Advanced Practical Physics for Students”, Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, 1962,
9e
2. S. Panigrahi, B. Mallick, “Engineering Practical Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 1e
3. R.K. Agrawal, G. Jain, R. Sharma, “Practical Physics”, Krishna Prakashan Media (Pvt.) Ltd., Meerut, 2019
4. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Practical Physics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2014, 2e

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:

1. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=74
2. Digital Platforms /Web Links of other virtual labs may be suggested / added to this lists by individual
Universities
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:
Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:

Record File (15 marks)

Viva Voce (05 marks)
Class Interaction (10 marks)
§ The course can be opted by Botany / Chemistry / Computer Science / Mathematics / Statistics
/ Zoology
§ PREREQUISITE: Opted / Passed Semester I, Theory Paper-1 (B010101T)

Further Suggestions:
• The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each
student per semester from the Lab Experiment List.
• The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each
student per semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

11
Programme Class: Year: First Semester:
Certificate Second
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course title: Thermal Physics & Semiconductor Devices
(B010201T)
Course Outcomes:
• Recognize the difference between reversible and irreversible processes.
• Understand the physical significance of thermodynamical potentials.
• Comprehend the kinetic model of gases w.r.t. various gas laws.
• Study the implementations and limitations of fundamental radiation laws.
• Utility of AC bridges.
• Recognize the basic components of electronic devices.
• Design simple electronic circuits.
• Understand the applications of various electronic instruments.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part A: Thermodynamics & Kinetic Theory of Gases
I 0 & 1st Law of Thermodynamics:
th

State functions and terminology of thermodynamics. Zeroth law and

8
temperature. First law, internal energy, heat and work done. Work done
in various thermodynamical processes. Enthalpy, relation between CP
and CV. Carnot’s engine, efficiency and Carnot’s theorem. Efficiency of
internal combustion engines (Otto and diesel).

II 2nd & 3rd Law of Thermodynamics:

Different statements of second law, Clausius inequality, entropy and its
8
physical significance. Entropy changes in various thermodynamical
processes. Third law of thermodynamics and unattainability of absolute
zero. Thermodynamical potentials, Maxwell’s relations, conditions for
feasibility of a process and equilibrium of a system. Clausius- Clapeyron
equation, Joule-Thompson effect.
III Kinetic Theory of Gases:
Kinetic model and deduction of gas laws. Derivation of Maxwell’s
law of distribution of velocities and its experimental verification. 7
Degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy (no derivation)
and its application to specific heat of gases (mono, di and poly
atomic).
IV Theory of Radiation:
Blackbody radiation, spectral distribution, concept of energy density and
7
pressure of radiation. Derivation of Planck's law, deduction of Wien’s
distribution law, Rayleigh-Jeans law, Stefan-Boltzmann law and Wien’s
displacement law from Planck’s law.
PART B: Circuit Fundamentals & Semiconductor Devices
V DC & AC Circuits:
Growth and decay of currents in RL circuit. Charging and discharging of
7
capacitor in RC, LC and RCL circuits. Network Analysis -
Superposition, Reciprocity, Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems. AC
12
 Bridges - measurement of inductance (Maxwell’s, Owen’s and
Anderson’s bridges) and measurement of capacitance (Schering’s,
Wein’s and de Sauty’s bridges).
VI Semiconductors & Diodes:
P and N type semiconductors, qualitative idea of Fermi level. Formation of
8
depletion layer in PN junction diode, field & potential at the depletion layer.
Qualitative idea of current flow mechanism in forward & reverse biased diode.
Diode fabrication. PN junction diode and its characteristics, static and
dynamic resistance. Principle, structure, characteristics and applications of
Zener, Light Emitting, and Photo diodes. Half and Full wave rectifiers,
calculation of ripple factor, rectification efficiency and voltage regulation.
Basic idea about filter circuits and voltage regulated power supply.
VII Transistors:
Bipolar Junction PNP and NPN transistors. Study of CB, CE & CC
8
configurations w.r.t. active, cutoff & saturation regions; characteristics;
current, voltage & power gains; transistor currents & relations between
them. Idea of base width modulation, base spreading resistance &
transition time. DC Load Line analysis and Q-point stabilization. Voltage
divider bias circuit for CE amplifier.
VIII Electronic Instrumentation:
Multimeter: Principles of measurement of dc voltage, dc current, ac
voltage, ac current and resistance. Specifications of a multimeter and
their significance. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: Block diagram of basic 7
CRO. Construction of CRT, electron gun, electrostatic focusing and
acceleration (no mathematical treatment). Front panel controls, special
features of dual trace CRO, specifications of a CRO and their
significance. Applications of CRO to study the waveform and
measurement of voltage, current, frequency & phase difference.
Suggested Readings:
1. M.W. Zemansky, R. Dittman, “Heat and Thermodynamics”, McGraw Hill, 1997, 7e
2. F.W. Sears, G.L. Salinger, “Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory & Statistical thermodynamics”, Narosa
Publishing House, 1998
3. Enrico Fermi, “Thermodynamics”, Dover Publications, 1956
4. S. Garg, R. Bansal, C. Ghosh, “Thermal Physics”, McGraw Hill, 2012, 2e
5. Meghnad Saha, B.N. Srivastava, “A Treatise on Heat”, Indian Press, 1973, 5e

PART B
6. R.L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
2015, 11e
7. J. Millman, C.C. Halkias, Satyabrata Jit, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 4e
8. B.G. Streetman, S.K. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, Pearson Education India, 2015, 7e
9. J.D. Ryder, “Electronic Fundamentals and Applications”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 1975,
5e
10. A. Sudhakar, S.S. Palli, “Circuits and Networks: Analysis and Synthesis”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 5e
11. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Hand Book of Electronics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2016, 43e

Books of local authors:

1. Heat and Thermodynamics, Brij Lal Subrahmanyam
2. Refresher Course in Physics, C.L.Arora (for U.P. State Universities), S.Chand Publication
3. Kinetic Theory and Thermodynamics, Agrawal, Jain & Sharma, Krishna Prakashan, Meerut
4. Circuit fundamentals & Basic Electronics, Agrawal, Jain & Sharma, Krishna Prakashan, Meerut
5. अणुगित िस?ा@त एवं ऊCमागितकी, अ/वाल, जैन व शमा6 , कृ8ा 9काशन, मेरठ
6. पEरपथ के मूल िस?ा@त व बेिसक इलेJटL ॉिनकी, अ/वाल, जैन व शमा6 , कृ8ा 9काशन, मेरठ

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:

• MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/

13
 • National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
• Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
• Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:

Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:

Quiz/ Assignment (05 marks)

Class Test-I (10 marks)
Class Test-II (10 marks)

§ The course is elective and can be opted as an elective, which is open to all
students.
§ PREREQUISITE: Physics in 12th / Chemistry in 12th

Programme Class: Year: First Semester:

Certificate Second
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course Title: Thermal Properties of Matter & Electronic Circuits
(B010202P)
Course Outcomes:
Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used to study and
determine the thermal and electronic properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab
Experiments. Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for
modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Mechanical Equivalent of Heat by Callender and Barne’s method
2. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper by Searle’s apparatus
3. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of rubber
4. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee and 60
Charlton’s disc method
5. Value of Stefan’s constant
6. Verification of Stefan’s law
7. Variation of thermo-emf across two junctions of a thermocouple with
temperature
8. Temperature coefficient of resistance by Platinum resistance
thermometer
9. Charging and discharging in RC and RCL circuits
10. A.C. Bridges: Various experiments based on measurement of L and
14
 C
11. Resonance in series and parallel RCL circuit
12. Characteristics of PN Junction, Zener, Tunnel, Light Emitting and
Photo diode
13. Characteristics of a transistor (PNP and NPN) in CE, CB and CC
configurations
14. Half wave & full wave rectifiers and Filter circuits
15. Unregulated and Regulated power supply
16. Various measurements with Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List/Link
Thermal Properties of Matter:
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=194
1. Heat transfer by radiation
2. Heat transfer by conduction
3. Heat transfer by natural convection
4. The study of phase change
5. Black body radiation: Determination of Stefan's constant
6. Newton's law of cooling
7. Lee's disc apparatus
8. Thermo-couple: Seebeck effects

Semiconductor Devices:
Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India
http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/be/#
9. Familiarisation with resistor
10. Familiarisation with capacitor
11. Familiarisation with inductor
12. Ohm's Law
13. RC Differentiator and integrator
14. VI characteristics of a diode
15. Half & Full wave rectification
16. Capacitative rectification
17. Zener Diode voltage regulator
18. BJT common emitter characteristics
19. BJT common base characteristics
20. Studies on BJT CE amplifier
Suggested Readings:
1. B.L. Worsnop, H.T. Flint, “Advanced Practical Physics for Students”, Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, 1962,
9e
2. S. Panigrahi, B. Mallick, “Engineering Practical Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 1e
3. R.L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
2015, 11e
4. A. Sudhakar, S.S. Palli, “Circuits and Networks: Analysis and Synthesis”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 5e

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:

Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=194
Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India, http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/be/#
Digital Platforms /Web Links of other virtual labs may be suggested / added to this lists by individual Universities

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:

Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:

15
 Record File (15 marks)
Viva Voce (05 marks)
Class Interaction (10 marks)
§ The course is elective and can be opted by Botany / Chemistry / Computer Science /
Mathematics / Statistics / Zoology
§ PREREQUISITE: Opted / Passed Semester II, Theory Paper-1 (B010201T)

Further Suggestions:
• The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each
student per semester from the Lab Experiment List.
• The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each
student per semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

Programme Class: Year: Second Semester:

Diploma Third
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course title: Electromagnetic Theory & Modern Optics
(B010301T)
Course Outcome:
• Better understanding of electrical and magnetic phenomenon in daily life.
• To troubleshoot simple problems related to electrical devices.
• Comprehend the powerful applications of ballistic galvanometer.
• Study the fundamental physics behind reflection and refraction of light (electromagnetic waves).
• Study the working and applications of Michelson and Fabry-Perot interferometers.
• Recognize the difference between Fresnel’s and Fraunhofer’s class of diffraction.
• Comprehend the use of polarimeters.
• Study the characteristics and uses of lasers.

Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part A: Electromagnetic Theory
I Electrostatics:
Electric charge & charge densities, electric force between two charges.
General expression for Electric field in terms of volume charge density
(divergence & curl of Electric field), general expression for Electric 8
potential in terms of volume charge density and Gauss law (applications
included). Study of electric dipole. Electric fields in matter, polarization,
auxiliary field D (Electric displacement), electric susceptibility and
permittivity.
II Magnetostatics:

16
 Electric current & current densities, magnetic force between two current 8
elements. General expression for Magnetic field in terms of volume
current density (divergence and curl of Magnetic field), General
expression for Magnetic potential in terms of volume current density and
Ampere’s circuital law (applications included). Study of magnetic dipole
(Gilbert & Ampere model). Magnetic fields in matter, magnetization,
auxiliary field H, magnetic susceptibility and permeability.

III Time Varying Electromagnetic Fields:

Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction and Lenz's law.
Displacement current, equation of continuity and Maxwell-Ampere’s
circuital law. Self and mutual induction (applications included). 7
Derivation and physical significance of Maxwell’s equations. Theory
and working of moving coil ballistic galvanometer (applications
included).
IV Electromagnetic Waves:
Electromagnetic energy density and Poynting vector. Plane 7
electromagnetic waves in linear infinite dielectrics, homogeneous &
inhomogeneous plane waves and dispersive & non-dispersive media.
Reflection and refraction of homogeneous plane electromagnetic waves,
law of reflection, Snell’s law, Fresnel’s formulae (only for normal
incidence & optical frequencies) and Stoke’s law.
PART B: Physical Optics & Lasers
V Interference:
Conditions for interference and spatial & temporal coherence. Division
of Wavefront - Fresnel’s Biprism and Lloyd’s Mirror. Division of
8
Amplitude - Parallel thin film, wedge shaped film and Newton’s Ring
experiment. Interferometer - Michelson and Fabry-Perot.

VI Diffraction:
Distinction between interference and diffraction. Fresnel’s and 8
Fraunhofer’s class of diffraction. Fresnel’s Half Period Zones and Zone
plate. Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit, n slits and Diffracting
Grating. Resolving Power of Optical Instruments - Rayleigh’s criterion
and resolving power of telescope, microscope & grating.
VII Polarization:
Polarization by dichroic crystals, birefringence, Nicol prism, retardation 7
plates and Babinet’s compensator. Analysis of polarized light. Optical
Rotation - Fresnel’s explanation of optical rotation and Half Shade &
Biquartz polarimeters.
VIII Lasers:
Characteristics and uses of Lasers. Quantitative analysis of Spatial and 7
Temporal coherence. Conditions for Laser action and Einstein’s
coefficients. Three and four level laser systems (qualitative discussion).
Types of lasers and laser.

17
Suggested Readings:
PART A
1. H. K. Malik and A.K. Singh “Engineering Physics”, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited,
2018, 2e.
2. Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew Sands, “The Feynman Lectures on Physics - Vol. 2”,
Pearson Education Limited, 2012
3. D. J. Griffiths, “Introduction to Electrodynamics”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 2002, 3e
4. E. M. Purcell, “Electricity and Magnetism (In SI Units): Berkeley Physics Course Vol 2”, McGraw Hill,
2017, 2e
5. D.C. Tayal, “Electricity and Magnetism”, Himalaya Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2019, 4e

PART B
6. H. K. Malik, “Engineering Physics”, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited, 2018, 2e.
7. Francis A. Jenkins, Harvey E. White, “Fundamentals of Optics”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 4e
8. Samuel Tolansky, “An Introduction to Interferometry”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1973, 2e
9. A. Ghatak, “Optics”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 6e

Local Author’s Books

1. Optics, Brij Lal and Subrahmanyam, S. Chand Publication.
2. Physical Optics and Lasers, Agarwal, Jain & Sharma, Krishna Prakashan.
3. !"#$%&'%(#)%*&+&,-./0&12+(,0&.34&+&)5(60&%7 8&9(&'%()4&:

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Suggested Continuous Internal Evaluation Methods:
Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:

Quiz/ Assignment (05 marks)

Class Test-I (10 marks)
Class Test-II (10 marks)

§ The course is elective and open to all.

§ PREREQUISITE: passed semester I, theory paper-1 (B010101T)

Programme Class: Year: Second Semester:

Diploma Third
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course Title: Demonstrative Aspects of Electricity & Magnetism
(B010302P)
Course Outcome:
Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used to study and
determine the electric and magnetic properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab

18
Experiments. Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for
modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Variation of magnetic field along the axis of single coil
2. Variation of magnetic field along the axis of Helmholtz coil
3. Ballistic Galvanometer: Ballistic constant, current sensitivity
60
and voltage sensitivity
4. Ballistic Galvanometer: High resistance by Leakage method
5. Ballistic Galvanometer: Low resistance by Kelvin’s double
bridge method
6. Ballistic Galvanometer: Self-inductance of a coil by Rayleigh’s
method
7. Ballistic Galvanometer: Comparison of capacitances
8. Carey Foster Bridge: Resistance per unit length and low
resistance
9. Deflection and Vibration Magnetometer: Magnetic moment of a
magnet and horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field
10. Earth Inductor: Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field
11. Newton’s Rings: Wavelength of sodium light
12. Plane Diffraction Grating: Spectrum of mercury light
13. Spectrometer: Refractive index of the material of a prism using
sodium light
14. Spectrometer: Dispersive power of the material of a prism using
mercury light
15. Polarimeter: Specific rotation of sugar solution

Online Virtual Lab Experiment List/Link

Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=192
1. Tangent galvanometer
2. Magnetic field along the axis of a circular coil carrying current
3. Deflection magnetometer
4. Van de Graaff generator
5. Barkhausen effect
6. Temperature coefficient of resistance
7. Anderson's bridge
8. Quincke's method

19
Suggested Readings:
1. B.L. Worsnop, H.T. Flint, “Advanced Practical Physics for Students”, Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, 1962,
9e
2. S. Panigrahi, B. Mallick, “Engineering Practical Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 1e
3. R.K. Agrawal, G. Jain, R. Sharma, “Practical Physics”, Krishna Prakashan Media (Pvt.) Ltd., Meerut, 2019
4. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Practical Physics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2014, 2e

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:

• Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=192
• Digital Platforms /Web Links of other virtual labs may be suggested / added to this lists by individual
Universities

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:

Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:

Record File (15 marks)

Viva Voce (05 marks)
Class Interaction (10 marks)
§ The course is elective and can be opted by Botany / Chemistry / Computer Science /
Mathematics / Statistics / Zoology
§ PREREQUISITE: Opted / Passed Semester III, Theory Paper-1 (B010301T)

Further Suggestions:
• The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each
student per semester from the Lab Experiment List.
• The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each
student per semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

Programme Class: Year: Second Semester:

Diploma Fourth
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course title: Perspectives of Modern Physics & Basic Electronics
(B010401T)
Course Outcomes:
• Recognize the difference between the structure of space & time in Newtonian & Relativistic
mechanics.
• Understand the physical significance of consequences of Lorentz transformation equations.
• Comprehend the wave-particle duality.
• Develop an understanding of the foundational aspects of Quantum Mechanics.
• Study the comparison between various biasing techniques.
• Study the classification of amplifiers.
• Comprehend the use of feedback and oscillators.
• Comprehend the theory and working of optical fibers along with its applications.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

20
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part A: Perspectives of Modern Physics
I Relativity-Experimental Background:
Structure of space & time in Newtonian mechanics and inertial & non- 7
inertial frames. Galilean transformations. Newtonian relativity. Galilean
transformation and Electromagnetism. Attempts to locate the Absolute
Frame: Michelson-Morley experiment and significance of the null result.
Einstein’s postulates of special theory of relativity.
II Relativity-Relativistic Kinematics:
Structure of space & time in Relativistic mechanics and derivation of 8
Lorentz transformation equations (4-vector formulation included).
Consequences of Lorentz Transformation Equations (derivations &
examples included): Transformation of Simultaneity (Relativity of
simultaneity); Transformation of Length (Length contraction);
Transformation of Time (Time dilation); Transformation of Velocity
(Relativistic velocity addition); Transformation of Acceleration;
Transformation of Mass (Variation of mass with velocity). Relation
between Energy & Mass (Einstein’s mass & energy relation) and Energy
& Momentum.
III Inadequacies of Classical Mechanics:
Particle Properties of Waves: Spectrum of Black Body radiation, 8
Photoelectric effect, Compton effect and their explanations based on
Max Planck’s Quantum hypothesis.
Wave Properties of Particles: Louis de Broglie’s hypothesis of matter
waves and their experimental verification by Davisson-Germer’s
experiment and Thomson’s experiment.
IV Introduction to Quantum Mechanics:
Matter Waves: Mathematical representation, Wavelength, Concept of 7
Wave group, Group (particle) velocity, Phase (wave) velocity and
relation between Group & Phase velocities.
Wave Function: Functional form, Normalization of wave function,
Orthogonal & Orthonormal wave functions and Probabilistic
interpretation of wave function based on Born Rule.
PART B: Basic Electronics & Introduction to Fiber Optics
V Transistor Biasing:
Faithful amplification & need for biasing. Stability Factors and its 7
calculation for transistor biasing circuits for CE configuration: Fixed
Bias (Base Resistor Method), Emitter Bias (Fixed Bias with Emitter
Resistor), Collector to Base Bias (Base Bias with Collector Feedback) &,
Voltage Divider Bias. Discussion of Emitter-Follower configuration.
VI Amplifiers:
Classification of amplifiers based on Mode of operation (Class A, B, AB, 7
C & D), Stages (single & multi stage, cascade & cascode connections),
Coupling methods (RC, Transformer, Direct & LC couplings), Nature of
amplification (Voltage & Power amplification) and Frequency
capabilities (AF, IF, RF & VF). Theory & working of RC coupled
voltage amplifier (Uses of various resistors & capacitors, and Frequency

21
 response) and Transformer coupled power amplifier (calculation of
Power, Effect of temperature, Use of heat sink & Power dissipation).
Calculation of Amplifier Efficiency (power efficiency) for Class A
Series-Fed, Class A Transformer Coupled, Class B Series-Fed and Class
B Transformer Coupled amplifiers.
VII Feedback & Oscillator Circuits:
Feedback Circuits: Effects of positive and negative feedback. Voltage 8
Series, Voltage Shunt, Current Series and Current Shunt feedback
connection types and their uses for specific amplifiers. Estimation of
Input Impedance, Output Impedance, Gain, Stability, Distortion, Noise
and Band Width for Voltage Series negative feedback.
Oscillator Circuits: Use of positive feedback for oscillator operation.
Barkhausen criterion for self-sustained oscillations. Feedback factor and
frequency of oscillation for RC Phase Shift oscillator and Wein Bridge
oscillator. Qualitative discussion of Reactive Network feedback
oscillators (Tuned oscillator circuits): Hartley & Colpitts oscillators.

VIII Introduction to Fiber Optics: 8

Basics of Fiber Optics, step index fiber, graded index fiber, light
propagation through an optical fiber, acceptance angle & numerical
aperture, qualitative discussion of fiber losses and applications of optical
fibers.
Suggested Readings:
PART A
1. A. Beiser, Shobhit Mahajan, “Concepts of Modern Physics: Special Indian Edition”, McGraw Hill, 2009,
6e
2. H. K. Malik and A.K. Singh “Engineering Physics”, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited, 2018,
2e.
3. John R. Taylor, Chris D. Zafiratos, Michael A.Dubson, “Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers”,
Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 2003, 2e
4. R.A. Serway, C.J. Moses, and C.A. Moyer, “Modern Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd, 2004, 3e
5. R. Resnick, “Introduction to Special Relativity”, Wiley India Private Limited, 2007
6. R. Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, “Modern Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2019, 18e

PART B
7. H. K. Malik and A.K. Singh “Engineering Physics”, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited,
2018, 2e.
8. R.L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
2015, 11e
9. J. Millman, C.C. Halkias, Satyabrata Jit, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 4e
10. B.G. Streetman, S.K. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, Pearson Education India, 2015, 7e
11. J.D. Ryder, “Electronic Fundamentals and Applications”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 1975, 5e
12. John M. Senior, “Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice”, Pearson Education Limited,
2010, 3e
13. John Wilson, John Hawkes, “Optoelectronics: Principles and Practice”, Pearson Education Limited, 2018,
3e
14. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Hand Book of Electronics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2016, 43e

Local Author’s Books

15. Modern Physics, R. Murugeshan & K. Sivaprasath, S. Chand Publication.
16. Refresher Course in Physics; Vol-II, C.L. Arora, S. Chand Publication.

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:

17. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
18. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
22
19. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library,
http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
20. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel,
https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:

Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:

Quiz/ Assignment (05 marks)

Class Test-I (10 marks)
Class Test-II (10 marks)

§ The course is elective and open to all.

§ PREREQUISITE: Passed Semester I, Theory Paper-1 (B010101T)

Programme Class: Year: Second Semester:

Diploma Fourth
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course Title: Basic Electronics Instrumentation
(B010402P)

Course Outcomes:
Basic Electronics instrumentation has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the components /
instruments are used to study and determine the electronic properties. Measurement precision and perfection
is achieved through Lab Experiments. Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques
and provide a basis for modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Transistor Bias Stability
2. Comparative Study of CE, CB and CC amplifier
3. Clippers and Clampers
4. Study of Emitter Follower 60
5. Frequency response of single stage RC coupled amplifier
6. Frequency response of single stage Transformer coupled
amplifier
7. Effect of negative feedback on frequency response of RC
coupled amplifier
8. Study of Schmitt Trigger
9. Study of Hartley oscillator
10. Study of Wein Bridge oscillator
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List/Link
Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India
http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/psac/#
23
 1. Diode as Clippers
2. Diode as Clampers
3. BJT as switch and Load Lines

Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India

http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/be/#
4. RC frequency response

Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=1&brch=201
5. Hartley oscillator
6. Colpitt oscillator
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
http://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=59&brch=269
7. Fiber Optic Analog and Digital Link
8. Fiber Optic Bi-directional Communication
9. Wavelength Division Multiplexing
10. Measurement of Bending Losses in Optical Fiber
11. Measurement of Numerical Aperture
12. Study of LED and Detector Characteristics

Suggested Readings:
1. R.L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
2015, 11e
2. J. Millman, C.C. Halkias, Satyabrata Jit, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 4e
3. B.G. Streetman, S.K. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, Pearson Education India, 2015, 7e
4. J.D. Ryder, “Electronic Fundamentals and Applications”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 1975, 5e
5. John M. Senior, “Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice”, Pearson Education Limited,
2010, 3e
6. John Wilson, John Hawkes, “Optoelectronics: Principles and Practice”, Pearson Education Limited, 2018,
3e
7. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Hand Book of Electronics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2016, 43e

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:

1. Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India, http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/psac/#
2. Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India, http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/be/#
3. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=1&brch=201
4. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, http://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=59&brch=269
5. Digital Platforms /Web Links of other virtual labs may be suggested / added to this lists by individual
Universities
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:
Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:

Record File (15 marks)

Viva Voce (05 marks)
Class Interaction (10 marks)
§ The course can be opted by Botany / Chemistry / Computer Science / Mathematics / Statistics
/ Zoology
§ PREREQUISITE: Opted / Passed Semester IV, Theory Paper-1 (B010401T)

Further Suggestions:

24
 • The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each
student per semester from the Lab Experiment List.
• The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each
student per semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

Programme Class: Year: Third Semester:

Degree Fifth
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course title: Classical & Statistical Mechanics
(B010501T)
Course Outcomes:
1. Understand the concepts of generalized coordinates and D’Alembert’s principle.
2. Understand the Lagrangian dynamics and the importance of cyclic coordinates.
3. Comprehend the difference between Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics.
4. Study the important features of central force and its application in Kepler’s problem.
5. Recognize the difference between macrostate and microstate.
6. Comprehend the concept of ensembles.
7. Understand the classical and quantum statistical distribution laws.
8. Study the applications of statistical distribution laws.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part A: Introduction to Classical Mechanics
I
Constrained Motion: 6
Constraints - Definition, Classification and Examples. Degrees of
Freedom and Configuration space. Constrained system, Forces of
constraint and Constrained motion. Generalised coordinates,
Transformation equations and Generalised notations & relations.
Principle of Virtual work and D’Alembert’s principle.
II Lagrangian Formalism:
Lagrangian for conservative & non-conservative systems, Lagrange’s 9
equation of motion (no derivation), Comparison of Newtonian &
Lagrangian formulations, Cyclic coordinates, and Conservation laws
(with proofs and properties of kinetic energy function included). Simple
examples based on Lagrangian formulation.
III Hamiltonian Formalism:
Phase space, Hamiltonian for conservative & non-conservative systems, 8
Physical significance of Hamiltonian, Hamilton’s equation of motion (no
derivation), Comparison of Lagrangian & Hamiltonian formulations,
Cyclic coordinates, and Construction of Hamiltonian from Lagrangian.
Simple examples based on Hamiltonian formulation.
IV
7
25
 Central Force:
Definition and properties of central force. Equation of motion and
differential equation of orbit. Bound orbits, stable & non-stable orbits,
closed & open orbits. Motion under inverse square law of force and
Kepler’s laws.
PART B: Introduction to Statistical Mechanics
V Macrostate & Microstate:
Macrostate, Microstate, Number of accessible microstates and Postulate
of equal a priori. Phase space, Phase trajectory, Volume element in phase
space, Quantisation of phase space and number of accessible microstates 6
for free particle in 1D, free particle in 3D & harmonic oscillator in 1D.
VI Concept of Ensemble: 6
Problem with time average, concept of ensemble, postulate of ensemble
average and Liouville’s theorem (proof included). Micro Canonical,
Canonical & Grand Canonical ensembles. Thermodynamic Probability,
Postulate of Equilibrium and Boltzmann Entropy relation.
VII Distribution Laws:
Statistical Distribution Laws: Expressions for number of accessible 10
microstates, probability & number of particles in ith state at equilibrium
for Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein & Fermi-Dirac statistics.
Comparison of statistical distribution laws and their physical
significance.
Canonical Distribution Law: Boltzmann’s Canonical Distribution Law,
Boltzmann’s Partition Function, Proof of Equipartition Theorem (Law of
Equipartition of energy) and relation between Partition function and
Thermodynamic potentials.
VIII Applications of Statistical Distribution Laws: 8
Application of Bose-Einstein Distribution Law: Photons in a black body
cavity and derivation of Planck’s Distribution Law.
Application of Fermi-Dirac Distribution Law: Free electrons in a metal,
Definition of Fermi energy, Determination of Fermi energy at absolute
zero, Kinetic energy of Fermi gas at absolute zero and concept of Density
of States (Density of Orbitals).
Suggested Readings:
PART B
1. Herbert Goldstein, Charles P. Poole, John L. Safko, “Classical Mechanics”, Pearson Education, India,
2011, 3e
2. N.C. Rana, P.S. Joag, “Classical Mechanics”, McGraw Hill, 2017
3. R.G. Takwale, P.S. Puranik, “Introduction to Classical Mechanics”, McGraw Hill, 2017

PART B
1. F. Reif, “Statistical Physics (In SI Units): Berkeley Physics Course Vol 5”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 1e
2. B.B. Laud, “Fundamentals of Statistical Mechanics”, New Age International Private Limited, 2020, 2e
3. B.K. Agarwal, M. Eisner, “Statistical Mechanics”, New Age International Private Limited, 2007, 2e

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:
Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:
26
 Quiz/ Assignment (05 marks)
Class Test-I (10 marks)
Class Test-II (10 marks)

§ This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of Chemistry / Computer

Science / Mathematics / Statistics
§ PREREQUISITE: Passed Semester I, Theory Paper-1 (B010101T)

Programme Class: Year: Third Semester:

Degree Fifth
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course title: Quantum Mechanics & Spectroscopy
(B010502T)

Course Outcome:
1. Understand the significance of operator formalism in Quantum mechanics.
2. Study the eigen and expectation value methods.
3. Understand the basis and interpretation of Uncertainty principle.
4. Develop the technique of solving Schrodinger equation for 1D and 3D problems.
5. Comprehend the success of Vector atomic model in the theory of Atomic spectra.
6. Study the different aspects of spectra of Group I & II elements.
7. Study the production and applications of X-rays.
8. Develop an understanding of the fundamental aspects of Molecular spectra.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part A: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
I Formulation of quantum mechanics & Operators
Basic idea about particle aspect of radiation, wave aspect of particles and
wave particle duality; Double slit experiment, Probabilistic
6
interpretation, wave packet, observables and operators, Hermitian
operator (Definition, Proof, properties), commutative and simultaneous
operators, Wave function, Orthonormalization condition of wave
function, Swartz inequality. Review of matrix algebra, definition of an
operator, special operators, operator algebra and operators.
II Eigen & Expectation Values and Uncertainty Principle:
Eigen & Expectation Values: Eigen equation for an operator, eigen state 6
(value) and eigen functions. Linear superposition of eigen functions and
Non-degenerate & Degenerate eigen states. Expectation value pertaining
to an operator and its physical interpretation.

27
 Heisenberg uncertainty principle: Commutativity & simultaneity
(theorems with proofs). Noncommutativity of operators as the basis for
uncertainty principle and derivation of general form of uncertainty
principle through Schwarz inequality. Uncertainty principle for various
conjugate pairs of physical-dynamical parameters and its applications.

III Quantum Postulates and Schrodinger Equation:

Postulates of quantum mechanics: statements and their physical 7
interpretation. Hamiltonian operator.
Schrodinger Equation: formulation (time independent & time dependent
forms), Schrodinger equation as an eigen equation, Deviation &
interpretation of equation of continuity in Schrodinger representation,
and Equation of motion of an operator in Schrodinger representation.
Free particle solution of Schrödinger equation.

IV Applications of Schrodinger Equation:

Application to 1D Problems: Infinite Square well potential (Particle in 11
1D box), Finite Square well potential, Potential step, Rectangular
potential barrier and 1D Harmonic oscillator.
Application to 3D Problems: Infinite Square well potential (Particle in a 3D
box) and the Hydrogen atom (radial distribution function and radial
probability included). (Direct solutions of Hermite, Associated Legendre
and Associated Laguerre differential equations to be substituted).
PART B: Introduction to Spectroscopy
V Vector Atomic Model: 10
Inadequacies of Bohr and Bohr-Sommerfeld atomic models w.r.t.
spectrum of Hydrogen atom (fine structure of H-alpha line).
Modification due to finite mass of nucleus and Deuteron spectrum.
Vector atomic model (Stern-Gerlach experiment included) and physical
& geometrical interpretations of various quantum numbers for single &
many valence electron systems. LS & JJ couplings, spectroscopic
notation for energy states, selection rules for transition of electrons and
intensity rules for spectral lines. Fine structure of H-alpha line on the
basis of vector atomic model.
VI Spectra of Alkali & Alkaline Elements:
Spectra of alkali elements: Screening constants for s, p, d & f orbitals; 6
sharp, principle, diffuse & fundamental series; doublet structure of
spectra and fine structure of Sodium D line.
Spectra of alkaline elements: Singlet and triplet structure of spectra.
VII X-Rays & X-Ray Spectra:
Nature & production, Continuous X-ray spectrum & Duane-Hunt’s law, 7
Characteristic X-ray spectrum & Mosley’s law, Fine structure of
Characteristic X-ray spectrum, and X-ray absorption spectrum.
VIII Molecular Spectra:
Discrete set of energies of a molecule, electronic, vibrational and 7
rotational energies. Quantisation of vibrational energies, transition rules
and pure vibrational spectra. Quantisation of rotational energies,
transition rules, pure rotational spectra and determination of inter nuclear
distance. Basics of UV Visible & photoluminescence spectroscopy

28
Suggested Readings:
PART A
1. D.J. Griffiths, “Introduction to Quantum Mechanics”, Pearson Education, India, 2004, 2e
2. H. K. Malik and A.K. Singh “Engineering Physics”, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited,
2018, 2e.
3. N. Zettili, “Quantum Mechanics, Concepts and Applications”, ohn Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication 2009.
4. E. Wichmann, “Quantum Physics (In SI Units): Berkeley Physics Course Vol 4”, McGraw Hill, 2017
5. Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew Sands, “The Feynman Lectures on Physics - Vol. 3”,
Pearson Education Limited, 2012
6. R Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, “Modern Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2019, 18e

PART B
7. H.E. White, “Introduction to Atomic Spectra”, McGraw Hill, 1934
8. C.N. Banwell, E.M. McCash, “Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 4e
9. R Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, “Modern Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2019, 18e
10. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, R.C. Sharma, “Elements of Spectroscopy”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2015, 27e

Local Author’s Books

1. Refresher Course in Physics; Vol-II, C.L. Arora, S. Chand Publication.
2. Optics & Spectroscopy, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, S. Chand Publication.
3. Quantum Mechanics, Kamal Singh & S.P. Singh, S. Chand Publication.
4. Elements of Quantum Mechanics, Agarwal, Jain & Sharma, Krishna Prakashan.
;< =&+(>&?5&@(A#B%*&%- &1+@+0&12+(,0&.34&+&)5(60&%7 8&9(&'%()4&:&

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:

11. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
12. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
13. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
14. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:
Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:

Quiz/ Assignment (05 marks)

Class Test-I (10 marks)
Class Test-II (10 marks)

§ This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of Chemistry / Computer

Science / Mathematics / Statistics
§ PREREQUISITE: Passed Semester IV, Theory Paper-1 (B010401T)

29
Programme Class: Year: Third Semester:
Degree Fifth
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course Title: Demonstrative Aspects of Optics & Lasers
(B010503P)
Course Outcomes:
Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used to study
and determine the optical properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab
Experiments. Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for
modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Fresnel Biprism: Wavelength of sodium light
2. Fresnel Biprism: Thickness of mica sheet)
3. Wavelength of Laser light using diffraction by single slit
4. Study of Spectra of Hydrogen & Deuterium (Rydberg Constant) 60
5. Laser – Wavelength of Laser light using diffraction by single slit.
6. Study of polarization of light by simple reflection & variation of
degree of polarization.
7. Study of Absorption spectrum of Iodine Vapour.
8. Laser beam divergence & spot size.
9. Newton’s Rings: Refractive index of liquid
10. Plane Diffraction Grating: Resolving power
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List/Link
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=189

1. Michelson's Interferometer
2. Michelson's Interferometer: Wavelength of laser beam
3. Newton's Rings: Wavelength of light
4. Newton's Rings: Refractive index of liquid
5. Brewster’s angle determination
6. Laser beam divergence and spot size

Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=1&brch=281

7. Spectrometer: Refractive index of the material of a prism

8. Spectrometer: Dispersive power of a prism
9. Spectrometer: Determination of Cauchy’s constants
10. Diffraction Grating

30
Suggested Readings:
1. B.L. Worsnop, H.T. Flint, “Advanced Practical Physics for Students”, Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, 1962,
9e
2. S. Panigrahi, B. Mallick, “Engineering Practical Physics”, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2015, 1e
3. R.K. Agrawal, G. Jain, R. Sharma, “Practical Physics”, Krishna Prakashan Media (Pvt.) Ltd., Meerut, 2019
4. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Practical Physics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2014, 2e

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:

1. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=189
2. Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=1&brch=281
3. Digital Platforms /Web Links of other virtual labs may be suggested / added to this lists by individual
Universities
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:
Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:

Record File (15 marks)

Viva Voce (05 marks)
Class Interaction (10 marks)

§ This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of Chemistry / Computer

Science / Mathematics / Statistics
§ PREREQUISITE: Passed Semester III, Theory Paper-1 (B010301T)

Further Suggestions:
• The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each
student per semester from the Lab Experiment List.
• The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each
student per semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

Programme Class: Year: Third Semester:

Degree Sixth
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course title: Solid State & Nuclear Physics
(B010601T)
Course Outcomes:
1. Understand the crystal geometry w.r.t. symmetry operations.
2. Comprehend the power of X-ray diffraction and the concept of reciprocal lattice.
3. Study various properties based on crystal bindings.
4. Recognize the importance of Free Electron & Band theories in understanding the crystal properties.
5. Study the salient features of nuclear forces & radioactive decays.
6. Understand the importance of nuclear models & nuclear reactions.
7. Comprehend the working and applications of nuclear accelerators and detectors.
8. Understand the classification and properties of basic building blocks of nature.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective

31
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part A: Introduction to Solid State Physics
I Crystal Structure:
Lattice, Basis & Crystal structure. Lattice translation vectors, Primitive
& non-primitive cells. Symmetry operations, Point group & Space group.
2D & 3D Bravais lattice. Parameters of cubic lattices. Lattice planes and 7
Miller indices. Simple crystal structures - HCP & FCC, Diamond, Cubic
Zinc Sulphide, Sodium Chloride, Cesium Chloride and Glasses.
II Crystal Diffraction:
X-ray diffraction and Bragg’s law. Experimental diffraction methods -
Laue, Rotating crystal and Powder methods. Derivation of scattered
wave amplitude. Reciprocal lattice, Reciprocal lattice vectors and 7
relation between Direct & Reciprocal lattice. Diffraction conditions,
Ewald’s method and Brillouin zones. Reciprocal lattice to SC, BCC &
FCC lattices. Atomic Form factor and Crystal Structure factor.
III Crystal Bindings:
Classification of Crystals on the Basis of Bonding - Ionic, Covalent,
Metallic, van der Waals (Molecular) and Hydrogen bonded. Crystals of
inert gases, Attractive interaction (van der Waals-London) & Repulsive 7
interaction, Equilibrium lattice constant, Cohesive energy and
Compressibility & Bulk modulus. Ionic crystals, Cohesive energy,
Madelung energy and evaluation of Madelung constant.
IV Lattice Vibrations and Free Electron Theory:
Lattice Vibrations: Lattice vibrations for linear mono & di atomic chains,
Dispersion relations and Acoustical & Optical branches (qualitative
9
treatment). Qualitative description of Phonons in solids. Lattice heat
capacity,
Free Electron Theory: Fermi energy, Density of states, Heat capacity of
conduction electrons, Paramagnetic susceptibility of conduction
electrons and Hall effect in metals.
Band Theory: Origin of band theory, Qualitative idea of Bloch theorem,
Kronig-Penney model, Effective mass of an electron & Concept of Holes &
Classification of solids on the basis of band theory.
PART B: Introduction to Nuclear Physics
V Nuclear Forces & Radioactive Decays:
General Properties of Nucleus: Mass, binding energy, radii, density,
angular momentum, magnetic dipole moment vector and basic idea of
9
electric quadrupole moment tensor.
Nuclear Forces: General characteristic of nuclear force and Deuteron
ground state properties.
Radioactive Decays: Nuclear stability, basic ideas about beta minus
decay, beta plus decay, alpha decay, gamma decay & electron capture,
fundamental laws of radioactive disintegration and radioactive series.
VI Nuclear Models & Nuclear Reactions: 9
Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model and Bethe-Weizsacker mass
formula. Introduction of Single particle shell model and magic numbers.

32
 Nuclear Reactions: Bethe’s notation, types of nuclear reaction,
Conservation laws, Cross-section of nuclear reaction, Theory of nuclear
fission (qualitative), Nuclear reactor and nuclear fusion.
VII Accelerators & Detectors:
Accelerators: Theory, working and applications of Van de Graaff 6
accelerator, Cyclotron and Synchrotron.
Detectors: Theory, working and applications of GM counter,
Semiconductor detector, Scintillation counter and Wilson cloud
chamber.
VIII Elementary Particles:
Fundamental interactions & their mediating quanta. Concept of 6
antiparticles. Classification of elementary particles based on intrinsic-
spin, mass, interaction & lifetime. Families of Leptons, Mesons, Baryons
& Baryon Resonances. Conservation laws for mass-energy, linear
momentum, angular momentum, electric charge, baryonic charge,
leptonic charge, isospin & strangeness. Concept of Quark model.
Suggested Readings:
PART A
1. Charles Kittel, “Introduction to Solid State Physics”, Wiley India Private Limited, 2012, 8e
2. H. K. Malik and A.K. Singh “Engineering Physics”, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited,
2018, 2e.
3. A.J. Dekker, “Solid State Physics”, Macmillan India Limited, 1993
4. R.K. Puri, V.K. Babbar, “Solid State Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2015

PART B
5. H. K. Malik and A.K. Singh “Engineering Physics”, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited,
2018, 2e.
6. Kenneth S. Krane, “Introductory Nuclear Physics”, Wiley India Private Limited, 2008
7. Bernard L. Cohen, “Concepts of Nuclear Physics”, McGraw Hill, 2017
8. S.N. Ghoshal, “Nuclear Physics”, S. Chand Publishing, 2019

Local Author’s Books

9. Atomic and Nuclear Physics, Brij Lal, S. Chand Publication.
10. Nuclear Physics, S.N. Ghoshal, S. Chand Publication.
11. Atomic and Molecular Physics, Agarwal, Jain & Sharma, Krishna Prakashan.

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:

12. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
13. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
14. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
15. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:
Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:

Quiz/ Assignment (05 marks)

Class Test-I (10 marks)
Class Test-II (10 marks)

§ This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of Chemistry / Computer

Science / Mathematics / Statistics
§ PREREQUISITE: Passed Semester V, Theory Paper-2 (B010502T)

33
Programme Class: Year: Third Semester:
Degree Sixth
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course title: Analog & Digital Principles & Applications
(B010602T)
Course Outcomes:
1. Study the drift and diffusion of charge carriers in a semiconductor.
2. Understand the Two-Port model of a transistor.
3. Study the working, properties and uses of FETs.
4. Comprehend the design and operations of SCRs and UJTs.
5. Understand various number systems and binary codes.
6. Familiarize with binary arithmetic.
7. Study the working and properties of various logic gates.
8. Comprehend the design of combinational and sequential circuits.
Credits: 4 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Part A: Analog Electronic Circuits
I Semiconductor Junction:
Expressions for Fermi energy, Electron density in conduction band, Hole
density in valence band, Drift of charge carriers (mobility &
9
conductivity), Diffusion of charge carries and Life time of charge carries
in a semiconductor. Work function in metals and semiconductors.
Expressions for Barrier potential, Barrier width and Junction capacitance
(diffusion & transition) for depletion layer in a PN junction. Expressions
for Current (diode equation) and Dynamic resistance for PN junction.
II Transistor Modeling:
Transistor as Two-Port Network. Notation for dc & ac components of 8
voltage & current. Quantitative discussion of Z, Y & h parameters and
their equivalent two-generator model circuits. h-parameters for CB, CE
& CC configurations. Analysis of transistor amplifier using the hybrid
equivalent model and estimation of Input Impedance, Output Impedance
and Gain (current, voltage & power).
III Field Effect Transistors:
JFET: Construction (N channel & P channel); Configuration (CS, CD &
CG); Operation in different regions (Ohmic or Linear, Saturated or
8
Active or Pinch off & Break down); Important Terms (Shorted Gate
Drain Current, Pinch Off Voltage & Gate Source Cut-Off Voltage);
Expression for Drain Current (Shockley equation); Characteristics
(Drain & Transfer); Parameters (Drain Resistance, Mutual Conductance
or Transconductance & Amplification Factor); Biasing w.r.t. CS

34
 configuration (Self Bias & Voltage Divider Bias); Amplifiers (CS & CD
or Source Follower); Comparison (N & P channels and BJTs & JFETs).
MOSFET: Construction and Working of D-MOSFET (N channel & P
channel) and E-MOSFET (N channel & P channel); Characteristics
(Drain & Transfer) of D-MOSFET and E-MOSFET; Comparison of
JFET and MOSFET.
IV Other Devices:
SCR: Construction; Equivalent Circuits (Two Diodes, Two Transistors
& One Diode-One Transistor); Working (Off state & On state);
Characteristics; Applications (Static switch, Phase control system &
Battery charger). 5
UJT: Construction; Equivalent Circuit; Working (Cutoff, Negative
Resistance & Saturation regions); Characteristics (Peak & Valley
points); Applications (Trigger circuits, Relaxation oscillators &
Sawtooth generators).
PART B: Digital Electronics
V Number System:
Number Systems: Binary, Octal, Decimal & Hexadecimal number
systems and their inter conversion.
6
Binary Codes: BCD, Excess-3 (XS3), Parity, Gray, ASCII & EBCDIC
Codes and their advantages & disadvantages. Data representation.

VI Binary Arithmetic:
Binary Addition, Decimal Subtraction using 9’s & 10’s complement, 5
Binary Subtraction using 1’s & 2’s compliment, Multiplication
and Division.
VII Logic Gates:
Truth Table, Symbolic Representation and Properties of OR, AND,
NOT, NOR, NAND, EX-OR &
9
EX-NOR Gates. Implementation of OR, AND & NOT gates (realization
using diodes & transistor). De Morgan’s theorems. NOR & NAND gates
as Universal Gates. Application of EX-OR & EX-NOR gates as pairty
checker. Boolean Algebra. Karnaugh Map.
VIII Combinational & Sequential Circuits:
Combinational Circuits: Half Adder, Full Adder, Parallel Adder, 10
Half Substractor, Full Substractor. Data Processing Circuits:
Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, Decoders & Encoders.
Sequential Circuits: SR, JK & D Flip-Flops, Shift Register (transfer
operation of Flip-Flops), and Asynchronous & Synchronous counters.

35
Suggested Readings:
PART A
1. R.L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
2015, 11e
2. J. Millman, C.C. Halkias, Satyabrata Jit, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 4e
3. B.G. Streetman, S.K. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, Pearson Education India, 2015, 7e
4. J.D. Ryder, “Electronic Fundamentals and Applications”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 1975, 5e
5. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Hand Book of Electronics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2016, 43e

PART B
1. D. Leach, A. Malvino, Goutam Saha, “Digital Principles and Applications”, McGraw Hill, 2010, 7e
2. William H. Gothmann, “Digital Electronics: An Introduction to Theory and Practice”, Prentice-Hall of
India Private Limited, 1982, 2e
3. R.P. Jain, “Modern Digital Electronics”, McGraw Hill, 2009, 4e

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:

1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL),
https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:
Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:

Quiz/ Assignment (05 marks)

Class Test-I (10 marks)
Class Test-II (10 marks)

§ The course is elective and open to all.

§ PREREQUISITE: Passed Semester IV, Theory Paper-1 (B010401T)

Programme Class: Year: Third Semester:

Degree Sixth
Subject: PHYSICS
Course Code: Course Title: Analog & Digital Circuits
(B010603P)
Course Outcomes:
Analog & digital circuits have the most striking impact on the industry wherever the electronics instruments
are used to study and determine the electronic properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved
through Lab Experiments. Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and
provide a basis for modeling.
Credits: 2 Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks:
25+75
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4

36
Unit Topics No. of
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
1. Energy band gap of semiconductor by reverse saturation current
method
2. Energy band gap of semiconductor by four probe method
60
3. Hybrid parameters of transistor
4. Characteristics of FET, MOSFET, SCR, UJT
5. FET Conventional Amplifier
6. FET as VVR and VCA
7. Study and Verification of AND gate using TTL IC 7408
8. Study and Verification of OR gate using TTL IC 7432
9. Study and Verification of NAND gate and use as Universal
gate using TTL IC 7400
10. Study and Verification of NOR gate and use as Universal gate
using TTL IC 7402
11. Study and Verification of NOT gate using TTL IC 7404
12. Study and Verification of Ex-OR gate using TTL IC 7486
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List/Link
Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India
http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/ssd/#

1. ID-VD characteristics of Junction Field Effect Transistor

(JFET)
2. Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) characteristics
3. Unijunction Transistor (UJT) and relaxation oscillator
Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India
https://de-iitr.vlabs.ac.in/List%20of%20experiments.html

4. Verification and interpretation of truth table for AND, OR, NOT,

NAND, NOR, Ex-OR, Ex-NOR gates
5. Construction of half and full adder using XOR and NAND gates and
verification of its operation
6. To study and verify half and full subtractor
7. Realization of logic functions with the help of Universal Gates
(NAND, NOR)
8. Construction of a NOR gate latch and verification of its operation
9. Verify the truth table of RS, JK, T and D Flip Flops using NAND
and NOR gates
10. Design and Verify the 4-Bit Serial In - Parallel Out Shift Registers
11. Implementation and verification of decoder or demultiplexer and
encoder using logic gates
12. Implementation of 4x1 multiplexer and 1x4 demultiplexer using
logic gates
13. Design and verify the 4-Bit Synchronous or Asynchronous Counter
using JK Flip Flop
14. Verify Binary to Gray and Gray to Binary conversion using NAND
gates only

37
 15. Verify the truth table of 1-Bit and 2-Bit comparator using logic
gates

Suggested Readings:
1. R.L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, “Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
2015, 11e
2. J. Millman, C.C. Halkias, Satyabrata Jit, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, McGraw Hill, 2015, 4e
3. B.G. Streetman, S.K. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, Pearson Education India, 2015, 7e
4. J.D. Ryder, “Electronic Fundamentals and Applications”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 1975, 5e
5. S.L. Gupta, V. Kumar, “Hand Book of Electronics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, 2016, 43e
6. D. Leach, A. Malvino, Goutam Saha, “Digital Principles and Applications”, McGraw Hill, 2010, 7e
7. William H. Gothmann, “Digital Electronics: An Introduction to Theory and Practice”, Prentice-Hall of
India Private Limited, 1982, 2e
8. R.P. Jain, “Modern Digital Electronics”, McGraw Hill, 2009, 4e

Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links:

1. Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India, http://vlabs.iitkgp.ac.in/ssd/#
2. Virtual Labs an initiative of MHRD Govt. of India, https://de-
iitr.vlabs.ac.in/List%20of%20experiments.html
3. Digital Platforms /Web Links of other virtual labs may be suggested / added to this lists by individual
Universities
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:
Continuous internal evaluation shall be based on allotted assignment and class tests. The marks shall be as
follows:

Record File (15 marks)

Viva Voce (05 marks)
Class Interaction (10 marks)
§ The course can be opted by Botany / Chemistry / Computer Science / Mathematics / Statistics
§ PREREQUISITE: Opted / Passed Semester VI, Theory Paper-2 (B010602T)

Further Suggestions:
• The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 6) to be performed by each
student per semester from the Lab Experiment List.
• The institution may suggest a minimum number of experiments (say 3) to be performed by each
student per semester from the Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link.

Important Note: The members of the Board of Studies suggested that there should be some more
additional core elective courses/papers in fifth and sixth semesters, whose detailed syllabi may be
developed before the start of third year of B.Sc. (Physics).

38
 Open Elective Courses for UG Program as an Optional
(To be taught in First/ Third /Odd Semester)
Course prerequisites:
This course can be opted as a minor elective by the students. Open to all.

Syllabus of the course

Programme Year Semester
Class:

Subject: PHYSICS
Course Course Title: Earth’s Atmosphere and Climate Change
Code:
(B010103T)

Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, a student will have:
• Knowledge of basic structure and composition of the Earth
• Knowledge of various atmospheric characterization parameters and their variation in the
atmosphere.
• Inculcate the understanding of structure, atmosphere and energy release phenomenon of the
sun.
• Knowledge of anthropogenic intervention in ‘anthropocene’, which has led to global climate
change.
• Knowledge about effects of global changes on human communities
• Idea about initiatives taken at global and regional levels to combat them.
Credits: 04 Core: Minor Elective
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks: ………
25+75

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials (in hours per week): 0 4

Unit Topic No. of
Lectures
PART A: Sun and Earth Atmosphere
I Overview of Earth’s Atmosphere:
Origin of the Atmosphere, Composition of the Atmosphere; major
components (nitrogen, oxygen and argon), minor components,
water vapor, aerosols and ozone, Homosphere and Heterosphere,
13
Vertical structure of the atmosphere; air density, air pressure, air
temperature, temperature scales, Temperature profile of earth’s
atmosphere, Vertical distribution of air pressure, Horizontal
distribution of air pressure, Equation of state, Ideal gas law,
Hydrostatic balance, Layers of the atmosphere; troposphere,
atmospheric boundary layer, stratosphere, mesosphere,
thermosphere.
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 II The Sun and our Solar System:
The internal structure of the sun, Characteristics of the sun, different
layers of the sun; the core, the radiative zone, the convection zone,
Solar atmosphere, the photosphere, the chromosphere, the corona,
17
Differential rotation of the sun, Formation of sunspots, solar cycle
or sunspot cycle, Magnetic fields on the sun, Energetic events on
the sun; solar flares, coronal mass ejections, Formation of the solar
system, Inner solar system; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, asteroids,
Outer solar system; Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, neptune, comets,
Kuiper belts, Dwarf planets.
PART B: Climate Change and Environment Policies
III Global warming and climate change:
Natural greenhouse effect, Greenhouse effect due to anthropogenic
sources, Concentration of various greenhouse gases in earth’s
environment; concentration of carbon-dioxide, concentration of
methane, concentration of nitrous oxide, concentration of 18
fluorocarbons, Climate forcing, Trends of global warming and
climate change; change in rain patterns, melting of glaciers and
rising sea levels, damage to coral reefs, stronger storms, shifting of
wild life species, change in plant’s life cycle, droughts, Impact on
economy and spread of acute human disease.
IV Ozone layer depletion, environmental policy & agreements:
Ozone layer or ozone shield; importance of ozone layer; ozone layer
depletion and causes; Chapman cycle; process of spring time ozone
depletion over Antarctica; ozone depleting substances (ODS);
effects of ozone depletion; mitigation measures and international 12
protocols. Environmental policy debate; International agreements;
Montreal protocol 1987; Kyoto protocol 1997; Convention on
Climate Change; carbon credit and carbon trading; clean
development mechanism.
Suggestive readings:
1. A Chandrasekar, 2010, Basics of Atmospheric Science, PHI Publication.
2. National Research Council, 2014, Solar and Space Physics: A science for a technological
society: An overview, Washington DC: The National Academics Press.
https://doi.org/10.17226/18974.
3. Hardy, J.T. 2003. Climate Change: Causes, Effects and Solutions. John Wiley & Sons.
4. Harvey, D. 2000. Climate and Global Climate Change. Prentice Hall.
5. Gillespie, A. 2006. Climate Change, Ozone Depletion and Air Pollution: Legal Commentaries
with Policy and Science Considerations. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
6. Maslin, M. 2014. Climate Change: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford Publications.
7. Mathez, E.A. 2009. Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and our Energy
Future. Columbia University Press.
Online Resources:
1. IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and
III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full.pdf
2. Gautam Yogendra K., Sharma Kavita, Tyagi Shrestha, Ambedkar Anit K., Chaudhary
Manika and Beer Pal Singh, Nanostructured metal oxide semiconductor-based sensors for
greenhouse gas detection: progress and challenges, Royal Society open science,
201324201324, http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201324.
3. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases.
4. Introduction to atmospheric science, https://nptel.ac.in/courses/119/106/119106008/
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 Suggestive continuous internal evaluation Method:
Continuous Internal Evaluation shall be based on allotted Assignment and Class Tests.
The marks shall be as follows:
Quiz/ Assignment (05 marks)
Class Test-I (10 marks)
Class Test-II (10 marks)

Open Elective Courses for UG Program as an Optional

(To be taught in First/ Third /Odd Semester)
Course prerequisites:
This course can be opted as a minor elective by the students. Open to all.

Syllabus of the course

Programme Year Second Semester
Class:
Third

Subject: PHYSICS
Course Course Title: Renewable Energy Sources
Code:
(B010303T)

Course Outcomes:
After completing this course, a student will have:
Credits: 04 Core: Minor Elective
Max. Marks: Min. Passing Marks: ………
25+75

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials (in hours per week): 0 4

Unit Topic No. of
Lectures
PART A: Fossil Fuel and Solar Energy
I FOSSIL FUELS AND ALTERNATE SOURCES OF
ENERGY:
Energy (Definition), Sun as the source of energy (fission
reactions),
Classification of energy Sources: Primary energy, commercial
(sources that are found in market for a definite price) and
noncommercial (not available in market for any price) energy,
15

41
 renewable and nonrenewable energy, conventional and non-
conventional energy.
Fossil fuels and nuclear energy: (Introduction and usage, their
advantages and limitations), requirement of alternate sources of
energy,
Basic understanding of Alternate sources of energy: (Wind
Energy, Tidal Energy, Wave energy systems, Ocean Thermal
Energy Conversion (OTEC), solar energy, biomass, biochemical
conversion, biogas energy, geothermal energy Hydroelectricity).
II SOLAR ENERGY
Introduction (solar energy is one of the most resourceful sources of
energy), units of solar energy and solar power, Essentials of solar
energy plant solar collector, Energy transport system like water or
steam, electrical system, Energy storage (thermal energy storage 15
and battery storage), Energy conversion plant (thermal energy
collected by solar collectors), Power conditioning, control and
protection system. Principle of photovoltaic conversion of solar
energy.
Applications of solar system: Battery storage & solar water
pumping,
PART B: Wind and Bioenergy
III WIND ENERGY
Introduction, Wind Resources (windmill, its working and
conversion system), Meteorology of wind (wind speed predictions,
schematic diagram of wind power system), India’s wind energy 15
potential and challenges (benefits of desert lands and sea area),
distribution across the world, Eolian features (definition only),
Factors affecting wind energy.

IV BIOENERGY
Bioenergy (energy produced by biofuels): bioenergy and
sustainability, Energy density (definition only),
Biomass as resources: Classification and estimation of biomass
(sugarcane agro industry, advantages and dangers of energy 15
farming), Source and characteristics of biofuels (production and
uses), Biodiesel & Bioethanol (production from ethanol), Biogas,
conversion of waste produce into energy.

Suggestive readings:
1. Kothari P, Singal K C and Rakesh Ranjan, “Renewable Energy Sources and
Emerging Technologies”, PHI Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,2008.
2. Sukhatme S P and Nayak J K, “Solar Energy – Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage”,
Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.
3. Rai G D, “Non-Conventional Sources of Energy”, Khanna Publishers, 2006.
4. Abbasi SA A and Naseema Abbasi, “Renewable Energy Sources and their Environmental
Impact”, PHI Pvt. Ltd., 2001.
5. Frank Kreith and Yogi Goswami D, “Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy”, CRC Press, 2007
6. Bent Sorensen, “Renewable Energy”, Academic Press, 2004
8. Boyle G, “Renewable energy: Power for a sustainable future”, Oxford University Press,
2004.
7. www.fao.org>docs>fileadmin.

42
 8. Webstor.srmist.edu.in
9. Alternate_energy_ebook.pdf
10. www.vssut.ac.in>lecture>pdf
Suggestive continuous internal evaluation Method:
Continuous Internal Evaluation shall be based on allotted Assignment and Class Tests. The marks
shall be as follows:
Quiz/ Assignment (05 marks)
Class Test-I (10 marks)
Class Test-II (10 marks)

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