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Hydrograph - Part 7

The document provides information and steps to derive a 3-hour unit hydrograph using Snyder's method for a watershed area of 54 sq km, with a main stream length of 10 km and distance from the outlet to the centroid of 3.75 km. Key parameters like time to peak, recession constant and peak discharge are calculated. The peak discharge is found to be 15.23 cubic meters per second. Instantaneous unit hydrograph is also briefly explained as being independent of the duration of excess rainfall and useful for theoretical analysis of rainfall-runoff relationship.

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Minal Moon
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255 views10 pages

Hydrograph - Part 7

The document provides information and steps to derive a 3-hour unit hydrograph using Snyder's method for a watershed area of 54 sq km, with a main stream length of 10 km and distance from the outlet to the centroid of 3.75 km. Key parameters like time to peak, recession constant and peak discharge are calculated. The peak discharge is found to be 15.23 cubic meters per second. Instantaneous unit hydrograph is also briefly explained as being independent of the duration of excess rainfall and useful for theoretical analysis of rainfall-runoff relationship.

Uploaded by

Minal Moon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Example

 Derive a 3-hour unit hydrograph by the


Snyder method for a watershed of 54 km2
area. It has a main stream that is 10 km
long. The distance measured from the
watershed outlet to a point on the stream
nearest to the centroid of the watershed is
3.75 km. Take Ct as 2.0 and Cp as 0.65.
Solution
 Watershed area, A = 54 km2

 Length of main stream, L = 10 km


 Length to Centroid Lca = 3.75 km

 Therefore
 tp = 2*(10  3.75)0.3 = 5.93 h
 tr = 5.93/5.5 = 1.08 h
Solution
 Because the desired duration tR is 3 hours, we
need to modify the value of tp:

3  1.08
tp  5.93   6.41 h
'

4
Therefore,
2.78 * 0.65
qp   0.282 cumec km2
6.41
Solution
 The peak ordinate in terms of discharge:
 Qp = qpA = 0.282 x 54 = 15.23 cumec

 Further, tb  3 
6.41
 3.8 days  91 .2 h
8

5.87 5.87
W50  1.08
  23 .03 h
qp (0.282 )1.08

W50 23 .03
W75    13 .16 h
1.75 1.75
Example

A basin has 400 sq km of area , L=35 km and


Lca=10 km. Assume Ct=1.5 and Cp=0.65,
develop a 3-h synthetic unit hydrograph for this
basin using Snyder’s method.
Solution
TR = 3 h
L= 35 km
Lca= 10 km
A= 400 sq km
Cp= 0.65
Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH)
 The difficulty arising from the dependence of the UH
on the duration D of the ER is circumvented by letting
D be diminished indefinitely

 The UH so obtained is called the


Instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH)

 Thus, the IUH, u(0,t) = u(t), is a hypothetical UH due


to the ER whose duration tends to zero as a limit, but
whose volume remains unity (say, 1 cm)
 It is then evident that the IUH is independent of the
duration of ER. Mathematically
u(t)  u( 0,t)  lim u(D,t )
D 0

 It is a single peaked hydrograph with following


properties
1. 0 < u(t) ≤ a positive values for t>0
2. u(t) = 0 for t ≤ 0
3. u(t) 0 as t 
4. Time to peak < time to the centroid of the curve
5. 

 u (t ) dt
0
 1 Unit depth over the catchment
Advantages of IUH
 It is independent of duration of ERH and thus
has one parameter less than D-h UH
 Useful in theoretical analysis of rainfall-runoff
relationship
 Can be use for derivation of D h UH

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