1Reading:

Your World
Vocabulary:
article, multiple-choice questions
people-related words, collocations & expressions, prepositions
Grammar: present simple, present continuous, articles
Listening: multiple-choice questions (pictures)
Speaking: talking about personalities, problem solving, recommending
Writing: informal letter, using colourful idioms & phrasal verbs

Planet earth with detailed topography

viewed from outer space

5
 1 Your World

Reading
A What do you associate the colours red, yellow and blue with?

A computer-
generated
image (right)
shows what
a colour-blind
person sees.

Wordwise
synthetic dye: a man-made substance
that changes the colour of something
dominance: being more important or
powerful than other people or things
stimulant: something that makes the
mind or body more active
stability: when something is not likely to
change
B Read the article below. What new things did you learn about the mourning: sadness that you show and
colours listed? feel when somebody dies

The Power of Early humans saw a variety of natural

colours around them, from the browns

COLOUR
and greens of the soil and plants to the
deep blues and red of the sky. They
painted their bodies with colours from
nature to signal aggression toward an
enemy, or to make themselves attractive
to a mate.

A girl and a rainbow of Over the centuries, the sources of

crushed ice flavours at colours such as blue, purple and red
Chowpatty Beach, India were highly valued and they were often
worth as much as gold. In the 19th
century, a young chemistry student
manufactured the first synthetic dye,
and suddenly the world became a much
more colourful place. In the 20th century,
scientists discovered the psychological
effects of colours, and people found
ways to use this discovery to influence
our feelings and behaviour.

Red
Red, the colour of blood, symbolises
fire, love and anger. In Eastern cultures,
people believe it brings luck, wealth
and success. In humans, the colour red
can send different messages. Some
people redden, for example, when they
are angry or embarrassed. Researchers
have discovered that in sports the team
that is wearing red is more likely to win.
Why? Because red seems to be the
colour that signals dominance, giving
those dressed in red an advantage
6
C Choose the answer (a, b, c or d) which fits best
according to the text. Close-Up
1 The first man-made colours were produced When answering multiple-choice
a in the 19th century. questions, ask yourself if each option is
b in the 20th century. true or false based on what is written in
c only recently. the text. This will help you to eliminate
d centuries ago. options that are clearly wrong.

2 According to the text, the colour red

a symbolises bad luck. Get the meaning!
b is believed to embarrass people.
c makes people less aggressive. D Complete the sentences with these adjectives
d gives an advantage to team members who wear it. from the text.
3 Yellow is used to highlight information in a text because aggressive attractive depressed
a it is an important colour. embarrassed trustworthy
b it is a highly visible colour.
1 People rely on you if you are .
c it can be used to caution people.
d people prefer this colour to other colours. 2 If you are , you are sad and
feel that you cannot enjoy anything.
4 What are English speakers referring to when they talk
3 You feel ashamed or shy if you are
about ‘feeling blue’ (para 5, line 12)?
.
a being sad
b being in control 4 When people are , they
c being upset when someone dies behave angrily or violently toward others.
d being calm 5 Somebody who is is pleasant
to look at.
5 The phrase this idea (para 6, line 5) refers to
a stopping hunger.
b food.
c relaxation. What do you think?
d painting rooms. • Do you agree with the author that colour has a powerful
6 What is this text mainly about? effect on people?
a how colour has a calming effect • What would you associate the colours green, white and
b the sources of colour black with?
c how views of colour have changed • What’s your favourite colour? Do a class survey to find
d how colour influences people the most popular colour!

A Rainbow Lorikeet sitting at his

in sporting events. In many animal
species (including humans), contact
Blue nesting hole in a tree trunk on
Blue, the colour of the sky and sea, is Bribie Island, Queensland, Australia
with this bold colour causes the heart associated in many cultures with water,
rate to increase. However, one of religious objects, and protection against
red’s lighter shades, pink, can have evil. Its darker shades represent calm,
the opposite effect on people. Men in stability and power. Dark blue, for
prisons are less aggressive when the example, is the colour of the business
walls are a specific shade of pink. suit or police uniform; it tells others,
‘I am in control,’ or ‘I am trustworthy.’
Yellow Blue is also associated with sadness. It’s
Yellow, the colour that comes to mind common in English, for example, when
when we think of sunshine, is found you are feeling sad or depressed, to talk
throughout nature and the man-made about ‘feeling blue,’ while in Iran, blue
world as a colour that commands is the colour of mourning, worn when a
attention; indeed, it is one of the easiest person dies.
colours to see. This highly visible shade
is found on everything from school Like pink, blue has a calming effect
buses to traffic signs and pens that we on people. Rooms painted blue help
use to highlight important information people to relax or sleep. Sleeping pills
in a text. The colour is also used to are often coloured blue to suggest
caution people; football players, for exactly this idea. This colour also
example, are shown a yellow card as seems to reduce feelings of hunger.
a reminder to behave. It can be used Blue food is rarely seen in nature,
as a stimulant as well: in a number of and when it is, such food is usually
studies, yellow has been found to help no longer healthy to consume. It’s
children focus on their work and do just one more example of the power
better at school. that colour can hold over us.
7
 1 Your World

Vocabulary
A Complete the word groups.
athletic belief depression generous gift peaceful pretty skinny
1 anger, sadness,
2 attractive, handsome,
3 thoughtful, considerate,
4 thought, feeling,
5 skill, talent,
6 calm, stable,
7 fit, healthy,
8 plump, thin,

B Complete the sentences with these words.

classmate colleague enemy flatmate foreigner idol peers stranger
1 My and I have been living together for six months. We get along really well.
2 Unfortunately, teenagers often give in to pressure from their .
3 A(n) in the office can sometimes also be a good friend.
4 I hate it when a thoughtless misbehaves in class – I’m here to learn!
5 Jane doesn’t like you after you lied to her. I think she’s become your worst .
6 My is the guitarist Tom Morello. He’s super-talented and very cool!
7 We can't invite that man to the party. He's a complete .
8 Mr Boyd is a(n) who has been living in our country for years.

C Choose the correct answers.

1 Whenever I’m feeling blue, my friends always me that things will get better.
a remind b recall c remember
2 is nice, but money can’t buy health or happiness.
a Luck b Stability c Wealth
3 The comedian was and went bright red when nobody laughed at his jokes.
a embarrassed b entertained c amused
4 I often ask my parents to me how to do things. They have lots to teach me.
a signal b show c highlight
5 For me, learning something new is a(n) in itself.
a punishment b reward c aggression
6 The I wear say a lot about my personality.
a uniforms b objects c clothes
7 Playing on a baseball has taught me how to work with others to achieve a goal.
a group b team c class
8 Coffee is the most popular for people working or studying. It helps them stay awake.
a dominance b stimulant c stability

D Read the quotes below and explain what they mean. Do you agree with them?
• ’The only way to make a man trustworthy is to trust him.’ (Henry L. Stimson)
• ’With money in your pocket you are wise, you are handsome and you sing well too.’ (Proverb)
• ’Always forgive your enemies; nothing annoys them so much.’ (Oscar Wilde)
• ’The person who knows how to laugh at himself will never cease to be amused.’ (Shirley MacLaine)

8
Graar C Complete the sentences using the Present
Simple or the Present Continuous of the verbs
in brackets.
Present Simple & Present Continuous 1 This quiz on personality you’re doing
A Discuss which present tense we use when we talk (sound)
about the following situations: interesting.
2 He (take) a
a general truths and scientific facts
short nap in the afternoons to reduce stress.
b annoying habits (with always, continually, forever, etc)
c actions happening now and temporary situations 3 He (often / not
d habits, repeated actions and permanent situations catch) the 12 o’clock bus to the city.
e future plans 4 The students
f future actions based on timetabled and scheduled (seem) tired at the moment.
events 5 My dad
g narratives (eg a story, a joke, a plot and sports (always / forget) my mum’s birthday! It really
commentaries) annoys her.
h changing and developing situations in the present
6 (colours /
i what is happening in a picture
influence) our emotions?
7 The number of people studying psychology
B Match these sentences with one use of the Present
(increase)
Simple or the Present Continuous in A.
these days.
1 The earth goes round the sun in about 365 days. 8 This year I
2 Are you visiting your parents at Christmas? (focus) on my university studies.
3 A man goes to visit his friend and finds him playing 9 We (not have)
chess with his cat. a meeting with the school director next week.
4 The customer is shouting because she’s angry. 10 I think James
5 My friend lives in the UK. (behave) quite calmly, even though he is under
pressure at the moment.
6 The meeting starts at 3 pm tomorrow.
7 The town I was born in is attracting more and more
tourists these days.
D Circle the correct words.
8 The boy and girl in the photo are playing in their
garden. According to many psychologists, your favourite
9 That man is forever trying to control everybody! colour (1) is showing / shows something about your
personality. Look at what these colours say about
Be careful! someone’s character. (2) Do you agree / Are you
Stative verbs are not used in continuous tenses. The most agreeing with the conclusions they came to?
common stative verbs refer to emotions, senses, states of
mind and possession. However, some verbs can be both Black: People who (3) like / are liking black want
stative and action verbs, but with a different meaning. How everything to be perfect all the time. (4) Have you /
does the meaning of think change in the sentences below? Are you having difficulties with something? Then these
a Scientists think that colours affect our emotions. are the people to help you. They are also good at
b The scientists are thinking of publishing an article about finding mistakes and they love puzzles!
their experiment.
Blue: People who like blue are emotional. These people
Read 1.1-1.3 of the Grammar Reference on pages 161-162 (5) do not usually / do usually not trust other people
before you do the tasks.
very much. They are calm and (6) aren’t expressing /
don’t express their feelings.
Yellow: (7) Are you needing / Do you need a good
friend to share your secrets? Then a person who likes
yellow is best. They are also imaginative and like
helping people.
Green: People who like green are easy-going,
understanding and friendly. They (8) often bring /
bring often peace during arguments. They also like
shopping and owning expensive things.
Red: (9) Do you want / Are you wanting to have fun?
These are the people to go out with. They (10) are /
are being very sociable and energetic people. They are
also good leaders and like taking risks.

9
 1 Your World

Listening
A Listen to this dialogue and answer the three questions
below. The answers are shown as pictures. Write a, b or c.
1 What was the original price of the kitchen?
2 What price did the woman suggest for the kitchen?
3 What price did they finally agree on?

a b c

0
0 ,00
00
00

, 0
€1
,5

€9
€9

B Read the conversation below and then come up with three Close-Up
possible questions that could follow this dialogue.
When you are listening
Man: So did you manage to find a nice jacket at the shops? to a dialogue, don’t just
focus on the last thing you
Woman: Well, I found lots of nice jackets, but it took me a long time
hear. The question might
to decide which colour to get. First, I wanted a blue one refer to the beginning or
because blue is my favourite colour. Then, I thought I’d even to the middle of the
get something brighter, so I chose a pink one, but finally I conversation. Take notes,
decided on this brown one, which will go with most things if necessary, to help you
in my wardrobe. remember what you hear.

C You will hear eight short conversations. After each conversation, you will be asked a question about
what you heard. The answer choices are shown as pictures (a, b and c). Circle the letter of the correct
answer. You will hear each conversation only once.
1 a b c 5 a b c

2 a b c 6 a b c

3 a b c 7 a b c

½ ¼ 0
4 a b c 8 a b c

10
Speaking
A Work with a partner and answer these questions.
• What kind of a personality have you got?
• What do you like best about your personality?
• Do you prefer to be in big or small groups?

B Look at the following words which describe people’s personalities and match them to the descriptions.
1 caring 4 ambitious
2 artistic 5 sporty
3 adventurous 6 amusing

a If you want to get fit, I recommend playing a lot of sport. I play tennis and basketball every day, and I love it. I’d
advise you to do something you think is fun though.
b She paints beautiful pictures and takes amazing photographs. Perhaps she should consider organising her own
exhibition at the local community centre.
c I’m not very fit really, but I do enjoy a challenge. I try to avoid sport. My friend suggested that I hike through
Pembrokeshire in Wales. I’m going next year and I’m really excited.
d He really wants to succeed in life! The first option for him is to go to university and study marketing and economics.
The second option is to get a job with a good company and work his way up.
e My recommendation is that you volunteer at an animal shelter. They always need help and they’ve never got
enough money to pay for staff. You’d enjoy it and you’d be helping animals in need.
f I think you should meet my friend Marian. She’s the funniest person I know. She does some stand-up comedy and
her stories are really entertaining. We should go and watch her one evening soon.

C Work in pairs. Student A should look at the pictures and

use the information below. Student B should look at the
pictures below and use the information on page 190.
Remember to use the Useful Expressions. Close-Up
W
When recommending something to
yyour partner, make sure you do it in
a polite way. What you have to say is
jjust your opinion. Your partner may
aagree or he/she may not. That is the
n
natural course of any conversation.

Student A: Ask these questions to find out

what your partner’s problem is and then give
your partner some good advice.
• What is the problem?

x
• What are the options?
• What are the disadvantages of each option?

Useful Expreions

ns
Recommending
n is
I think the first/second option
best because…
It’s better to … than…
I’d advise you to …
My recommendation/suggestion stion
Speak Up! is that …

Discuss this question with a partner.

• Is it ever a good idea to lie to a friend or should you always tell the truth? Why?/Why not?
11
 1 Your World

Vocabulary
Collocations & Expressions
A Circle the correct words.
1 You can really save / make time if you take the bus. The tram is so slow!
2 I think we should all try to do / make a difference by helping others.
3 Make sure you keep / lose in touch by sending postcards and emails while you’re travelling.
4 A good way to break / smash the ice is to tell a joke.
5 Try to save / use your strength. You’ve got a long day ahead of you tomorrow.
6 I didn’t want to make / get trouble for Phil, but I had to tell the teacher he was cheating.
7 You have to try hard to break / make a bad habit – it isn’t easy.
8 You must always keep / save a promise that you’ve made to someone and do what you’ve said you’ll do.

B Choose the correct answers.

1 If you see red, you are .
a very angry b very calm
2 When you are feeling blue, you are .
a cheerful b sad or depressed
3 If you are green with envy, you are .
a jealous b suspicious
4 When a person is tickled pink about something, they are .
a very pleased b very tired
5 The black sheep of the family is the person who is .
a unlike the others b the same as the others
6 If you say someone is as good as gold, you mean they are .
a naughty b well-behaved

Prepositions
C Complete the sentences with these prepositions. Some
prepositions can be used more than once.
at in of on to with
1 You really shouldn’t shout your mother.
2 My boss said he has great confidence me.
3 I hope my new diet and daily exercise will have a positive
effect me.
4 I don’t want to be associated John any more.
He’s a nasty person.
5 Gary is getting engaged Lucy even though
they have very little common.
6 James is old-fashioned. He doesn’t approve
women paying their share of the bill.

D Discuss these questions with a partner.

• What makes you see red? What makes you feel blue?
• When did you last feel green with envy? Why?
• What’s a good way to break the ice when you meet
someone new?
• How important is it to make a difference in the world? Why?
• How do you keep in touch with your friends?

12
Graar
Articles
A Read the sentences and underline the articles. Then
answer the questions.
a Red is a colour.
b Red is the colour of blood.
1 Which sentence talks about something in general?
2 Which sentence talks about something specific?

B Read the sentences and look at which articles (if any)

are used with the nouns in bold. Then, answer the
questions.
a What are your favourite colours?
b The education I got at school didn’t really prepare me
for real life.
c A child should grow up in a loving family.
d The teachers at this school are very supportive.
e Depression can lead to very serious health problems.
f A famous psychologist has come up with a new
personality test. The psychologist thinks it will help us
understand ourselves better.
Which example shows us
1 a noun that has been used for the first time and then mentioned again with a different article?
2 a specific plural noun?
3 a specific uncountable noun?
4 a plural noun without an article and used with a general meaning?
5 a singular countable noun with a general meaning?
6 an uncountable noun used with a general meaning?

Circle the correct words to complete the rules.

The definite / indefinite article is used before singular countable nouns to refer to them in a general sense or to mention
them for the first time.
The definite / indefinite article is used before singular and plural countable and uncountable nouns to refer to them in a
specific sense. It is also used when something has already been mentioned.
Read 1.4-1.5 of the Grammar Reference on page 162 before you do the tasks.

C Circle the correct words. D These sentences each contain a mistake.

Find the mistakes and then write the correct
1 A / The / An university education is a great start in life.
sentences in your notebook.
2 A / - / The British prefer green apples to red ones.
1 This is a very good advice.
3 I knew that man would end up in the / a / - prison
one day. 2 Today is very hot day.
4 My friend works as the / a / - scientist. 3 I’m tired, so I think I will go to the bed.
5 Relaxing for an / a / the hour in a green room can help 4 Some people don’t have the breakfast in the
you relax. mornings.
6 Wearing the / a / - red clothes makes you stand out in 5 The maths is my favourite subject at school.
a crowd. 6 Gobi Desert is in Asia.
7 She has a / the / - special place in her house where 7 Mount Olympus is highest mountain in Greece.
she relaxes. 8 I want to go to an university in London next year.
8 Nowadays, nearly all the / a / - people have got a 9 The Chinese is a very difficult language.
computer at home.
10 Nile is the longest river in Africa.
9 Paint your kitchen yellow to increase an / a / the
appetite of your family.
10 We went to that new restaurant and the / a / - dinner
we had was great.
13
 1 Your World

Writing
Using colourful idioms & phrasal verbs
When you write an informal letter to someone, use a
few colourful idioms and phrasal verbs to make your
writing sound more natural, more informal and more
interesting. When you learn new idioms and phrasal
verbs, make sure you make a note of the structure
that follows them, so that you use them properly.
For example, check to see if they are followed by a
noun, an infinitive, a gerund or a preposition.

A Match the idioms and phrasal verbs with their meanings.

1 get on well with a look forward to something happening
2 have loads in common with b have the same tastes and interests as
3 get on somebody’s nerves c really like, be a fan of
4 be into d have a good relationship with
5 be dying to/for e be someone’s favourite person or thing
6 be a natural at f annoy someone
7 hang out with g be extremely good at
8 be someone’s number one h spend leisure time with

B Read the writing task and answer the questions below.

Your English teacher at school has arranged penpals for all the students in your class, so that you can practise writing in
English. Write a letter to your new penpal introducing yourself and your family and talking about the things you like.
1 What kind of task do you have to write?
2 How many things are you asked to include in your letter?
3 What are they?
4 What details could you give about yourself and your family?
5 What things would a penpal be interested in knowing that you like?

C Complete the model letter with on, in, with, to or into.

Hi Nuria,
English teacher gave me your profile.
How are you? I’m Lyndsay – your new penpal. My
day – 17th
Guess what? We’ve got loads (1) common. For a start, we were born on the same
got two older sisters! They are great in general, but
October! Isn’t that amazing? Also, just like you I’ve each others’ clothes!
sometimes we get (2) each other’s nerves – especially when we ‘borrow’
Do you get on well (3) yours?
so she’s
which sells all the latest fashions. Mum’s a lawyer,
My mum and dad are cool. Dad’s got a clothes shop
always very busy. What do your parents do?
a week
and listening to music. I do gymnastics three times
The things that I like doing most are gymnastics hip this year. As for
win a medal at the district champions
and I train really hard, but I love it. I’m hoping to
music, I’m really (4) Justin Beiber. Are you a fan?
(5) find out more about you!
Well, that’s all for the moment. Write soon. I’m dying
Take care,
Lyndsay

14
Look again!
D Read the model letter again and tick the things the writer
has done.
1 explained who she is
2 written about similarities between her and Nuria
3 given information about her immediate family
4 mentioned only one thing she likes
5 written in a cheerful tone
6 included addresses

E Write the correct paragraph number from the model letter

next to these descriptions.
a Discuss the things you like.
b Talk about the things you have in common with the reader.
c Ask about the reader and introduce yourself briefly.
d Talk about other members of your family.
e Bring the letter to an end and sign off.

F Look at the Useful Expressions and complete these questions.

Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
1 rock or pop music?
2 the other kids in your class?
3 in computer games?
4 band of all time?
5 What does your mum do ?
6 at drawing?
7 are you taking this year?
8 What is your brother ?

Over to you! Close-Up

G Read the writing task and make a paragraph plan for your letter. When you write a letter
etter to a penpal,
Remember to include some colourful idioms and some phrasal you should show an n interest in him or
verbs to make your letter more friendly and interesting. her by asking a few questions. These
Your English teacher at school has arranged penpals for all the students questions sound more natural if you
put them at the end of a description
in your class so that you can practise writing in English. Write a letter
of your own. For example, if you write
to your new penpal introducing yourself, your friends and telling your about your parents, you can ask about
penpal about your favourite school subjects. (120-180 words) your penpal’s parents immediately
afterwards.

Useful Expre
p ions
Asking generally about the reader Asking about likes/dislikes
How are you? Are you a fan of …?
What have you been up to lately? Are you into …?
How are things in …? Are you interested in …?
Asking about family and friends What gets on your nerves?
What are your brothers/sisters/mum and dad/best friends like? What’s your number one …?
How many people are there in your family? Asking about school
What’s it like being an only child? Who’s your favourite teacher?
Where does your best friend live? What’s your best/favourite subject?
Do you get on well with …? Which subjects are you taking this year?
Have you got a lot in common with …? Are you good/a natural at …?
How old is/are …?
How long have you been best friends?
What does … do for a living?
What is … job?

15
 DVD
VD
1
Before you watch
A
Dreamtime Painters

Match the words to the meanings.

Australia

1 outback a picture
2 Aboriginal b becoming worse
3 civilisation c cold-blooded animal that lays eggs (snake, crocodile, turtle, etc)
4 image d area of Australia, far away from the coast and towns, especially the deserts in central Australia
5 reptile e the way of life and culture of a society from a particular part of the world
6 deterioration f relating to the first people of Australia

While you watch

B Watch the DVD and decide if these statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false.
1 A lot of Dreamtime paintings at Kakadu National Park are over 30,000 years old.
2 Ian Morris thinks that Aboriginal paintings are similar to ancient rock paintings from other continents.
3 The Aborigines have lived in the land we now call Australia for between 40,000 and 100,000 years.
4 Ancient Aboriginal art describes everyday life, tells stories about animals and sometimes even about wars.
5 If an Aboriginal group painted kangaroos, they also painted turtles and birds.
6 There haven’t been any Aboriginal rock artists since the 1960s.

After you watch

C Complete the summary of the DVD below using these words.
bark due human landscape loss memories original rapidly records specific

Australia is a very large country with a varied

(1) . It has rainforests, the outback desert and the
seaside. Australia has also got a very long history that goes back to an
ancient people. They lived there many thousands of years ago and still live
there now. In fact, they are the oldest continuous (2)
culture on Earth. They are the Aborigines of Australia. Long before there
were towns in Australia, Aboriginal artists painted the Dreamtime, the
Aboriginal story of the beginning of the world. The ancient Aboriginal
artists thought that their paintings had special powers. If they wanted to
catch a lot of fish, they painted a lot of fish. They also had special rules. For
example, they painted certain types of pictures at (3)
times of the year. Today, many of the (4) rock paintings
are losing their colour. This is (5) to bad weather as
well as insects and reptiles walking over them. Naturalists like Ian Morris are
trying to fight these agents of deterioration in order to prevent the
(6) of these wonderful paintings. They are the oldest art Aboriginal rock art,
(7) of human civilisation in the world and they must be Kakadu National Park,
Australia
protected. Hopefully, these paintings will help save the
(8) of the ancient world of the Aborigines in a modern
world that is (9) changing. Modern Aboriginal artists are
also trying to help keep their traditions by painting pictures on (10) , paper and wood.
Contemporary Aboriginal art is getting more and more famous, and very expensive.

D Discuss these questions with a partner.

• Aboriginal art is a tradition in Australia. What are some of the traditional types of art in your country?
• Are traditional arts in danger of disappearing? What are the problems they might face in the future?
• Which ancient civilisation would you like to find out more about? Explain why.
16