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The document discusses logical concepts like tautology, contradiction, and logical equivalence. It also covers rules of inference like modus ponens and quantified statements involving universal instantiation and generalization.

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Cao Nhật Thiên
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12 views8 pages

Document 1

The document discusses logical concepts like tautology, contradiction, and logical equivalence. It also covers rules of inference like modus ponens and quantified statements involving universal instantiation and generalization.

Uploaded by

Cao Nhật Thiên
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tautology is the propposition that is always true

In contrast, contradiction
Thus p and q are logical equivalent if and only if q<-> q is a tautology
NOte. The propositions p and q are logically equivalent if they have the same truth tables. We also write p q
General rule:to negateaquantification,
•Move negation(-)to the right,
Change the quantifier from 3 toV,and from V to 3.

Rules of Inference
Modus Ponens(khẳng định)
I am Lai Văn Phút.
If I am Lai Văn Phút,then I am a master of Mathematics.
Quantified Statements
Universal Instantiation.If VxP(x)is true,thenP(c)is true
for any choice ofcin the universe of discourse.
Universal generalization.IfP(c)is true for any choice
ofcin the universe of discourse,then VxP(x)is true.

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