INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 13577-2

First edition
2014-09-15

Industrial furnaces and associated

processing equipment — Safety —
Part 2:
Combustion and fuel handling systems
Fours industriels et équipements associés — Sécurité —
Partie 2: Équipement de combustion et de manutention des
combustibles

Reference number
ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4 Safety requirements, measures and verification means ............................................................................................ 3
4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.2 Gaseous fuels ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
4.3 Liquid fuels .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
4.4 Multiple fuels ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
4.5 Oxygen or oxygen-enriched combustion air (OOECA) ...................................................................................... 30
5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures ....................................................................................32
6 Information for Use ........................................................................................................................................................................................37
6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 37
6.2 Marking ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
6.3 Instruction handbook .................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards................................................................................................................................40
Annex B (informative) Typical examples of fuels .................................................................................................................................42
Annex C (informative) Typical example of piping and components .................................................................................43
Annex D (informative) Methods for burner start-up ........................................................................................................................55
Annex E (normative) Maximum allowed pressure .............................................................................................................................63
Annex F (informative) Examples for the determination of safety integrity level (SIL) using the risk
graph method........................................................................................................................................................................................................68
Annex G (normative) Requirements specific to Japan ....................................................................................................................79
Annex H (normative) Requirements specific to the USA ..............................................................................................................85
Annex I (normative) Requirements for Europe and associated countries ................................................................91
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 96
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 244, Industrial furnaces and associated processing
equipment.
ISO 13577 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial furnaces and associated
processing equipment — Safety:
— Part 1: General requirements
— Part 2: Combustion and fuel handling systems
— Part 3: Generation and use of protective and reactive atmosphere gases
— Part 4: Protective systems

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as defined in ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered, is indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or -B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
This part of ISO 13577 assumes that the equipment is not creating any potentially explosive atmosphere
and is located in a normally ventilated area.
Compliance with product standards e.g. ISO 22967 or ISO 22968 is not sufficient to ensure the minimum
safety requirements for industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment (TPE). This part of
ISO 13577 shall always have priority for TPE.
Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment (TPE) generally consists of the following
components:
— processing chamber (e.g. steel construction with lining and/or refractory);
— heating systems;
— protective system;
— control and instrumentation system / operator-control level.
ISO 13577-1 provides the general safety requirements common to TPE. This part of ISO 13577 details in
addition specific safety requirements for combustion and fuel handling systems that are part of TPE as
listed in the Scope.
NOTE As stated in its scope, ISO 13577-1 does not cover blast furnaces, converters (in steel plants), boilers
and equipment not covered by ISO 12100.

The requirements for protective systems are specified in ISO 13577-4.

If a general requirement of ISO 13577-1 counters requirements in this part of ISO 13577, the requirements
of this part of ISO 13577 take precedence.
The requirements for reducing hazards from noise are given in ISO 13577-1.
It is assumed that TPE will only be operated and maintained by trained personnel.
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 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Industrial furnaces and associated processing

equipment — Safety —
Part 2:
Combustion and fuel handling systems

1 Scope
This part of ISO 13577 specifies the safety requirements for combustion and fuel handling systems that
are part of industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment (TPE).
NOTE The general safety requirements common to TPE are provided in ISO 13577-1 (See introduction).

This part of ISO 13577 deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to
combustion and fuel handling systems as listed in Annex A, when used as intended and under the
conditions foreseen by the manufacturer.
This part of ISO 13577 covers:
— fuel pipework downstream of and including the manual isolating valve;
— combustion air supply (including oxygen and oxygen enriched combustion air) and flue gas system;
— burner(s), burner system and ignition device;
— functional requirements for safety related control system.
This part of ISO 13577 applies to any oxidation with air or other gases containing free oxygen of gaseous
and liquid fuels or any combustion of them to release thermal energy in TPE.
For thermal or catalytic post combustion and waste incineration, this part of ISO 13577 applies only to
auxiliary burners designed to start-up and/or support the process.
The pressure hazard of the piping and components covered by this part of ISO 13577 is within the
maximum pressure/size relationship of category I as described in normative Annex E.
This part of ISO 13577 also gives the necessary requirements regarding information for use.
This part of ISO 13577 does not cover hazards from heating generated by electricity.
This part of ISO 13577 does not deal with the hazards created by the release of flammable substances
from the products processed in the TPE.
This part of ISO 13577 is not applicable to combustion and fuel handling systems:
— of welding machines;
— up-stream of the TPE manual isolating valve.
This part of ISO 13577 is not applicable to electrical cabling and power cabling upstream of the TPE
control panel/protective system.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7-1:1994, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads — Part 1: Dimensions,
tolerances and designation
ISO 49:1994, Malleable cast iron fittings threaded to ISO 7-1
ISO 228-1:2000, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads — Part 1: Dimensions,
tolerances and designation
ISO 5817:2003, Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding
excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections
ISO 7005-1:2011, Pipe flanges — Part 1: Steel flanges for industrial and general service piping systems
ISO 7005-2:1988, Metallic flanges — Part 2: Cast iron flanges
ISO 7005-3:1988, Metallic flanges — Part 3: Copper alloy and composite flanges
ISO 8434-1:2007, Metallic tube connections for fluid power and general use — Part 1: 24° cone connectors
ISO 8434-2:2007, Metallic tube connections for fluid power and general use — Part 2: 37° flared connectors
ISO 8434-3:2005, Metallic tube connections for fluid power and general use — Part 3: O-ring face seal
connectors
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13574, Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment — Vocabulary
ISO 13577-1, Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment — Safety — Part 1: General
requirements
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ISO 13577-4, Industrial furnace and associated processing equipment — Safety — Part 4: Protective systems
ISO 19879:2010, Metallic tube connections for fluid power and general use — Test methods for hydraulic
fluid power connections
ISO 23551-1:2012, Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances — Particular
requirements — Part 1: Automatic and semi-automatic valves
ISO 23551-2:2006, Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances — Particular
requirements — Part 2: Pressure regulators
ISO 23551-3:2005, Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances — Particular
requirements — Part 3: Gas/air ratio controls, pneumatic type
ISO 23552-1:2007, Safety and control devices for gas and/or oil burners and gas and/or oil appliances —
Particular requirements — Part 1: Fuel/air ratio controls, electronic type
ISO 23553-1:2007, Safety and control devices for oil burners and oil-burning appliances — Particular
requirements — Part 1: Shut-off devices for oil burners
IEC 60204-1:2005, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60730-2-5:2009, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use — Part 2-5: Particular
requirements for automatic electrical burner control systems
IEC 60730-2-6:2007, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use — Part 2-6: Particular
requirements for automatic electrical pressure sensing controls including mechanical requirements

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13574 apply.

4 Safety requirements, measures and verification means

4.1 General
The safety goals of this part of ISO 13577 shall include:
— choice of materials such that the construction and operation of the system are not detrimentally
affected. In particular, all the components of the fuel pipework shall be capable of withstanding the
mechanical, chemical and thermal loads to which they can be subjected during normal operation
and foreseeable abnormal operation (e.g. identified during a safety assessment);
— reliable and correct time for ignition of the air/fuel-mixture at the burner(s);
— prevention of unintentional release of unburned fuels;
— shut-off fuel-supply in case of relevant fault;
— protection of pipeline to preclude the propagation of flame in reverse direction;
— prevent firing when the evacuation of flue gas/combustion products is not ensured;
— prevent firing when the process conditions are not in the safe state.
Electrical circuits shall be designed in accordance with IEC 60204-1.
A risk assessment according to ISO 12100 shall be carried out. Safety function shall be designed in
accordance with ISO 13577-4, where the use of standards for functional safety IEC 62061, ISO 13849
(all parts), IEC 61511 (all parts) and IEC 61508 (all parts) is included. Informative Annex F provides
information for the determination of the SIL or PL of safety-related functions covered in this part of
ISO 13577.
Specific regional requirements are given in Annex G, Annex H and Annex I. The safety requirements of
these annexes shall ensure at least the equivalent level of safety to the requirements given in this part
of ISO 13577.

4.2 Gaseous fuels

4.2.1 Gas pipework

4.2.1.1 General

The pipework design shall take into account the composition and properties (e.g. pressure, temperature,
corrosiveness, specific gravity) of the fuel gas and the need for venting, purging and cleaning.
The pipework material shall comply with the relevant standards.
Due to durability, steel is the preferred material for pipes and components but where appropriate and the
same safety levels can be achieved then other materials may be utilized. Such materials and conditions
of service shall be specified in the instruction handbook. Oscillations which may cause damage to
pipework, components or safety systems shall be prevented (by firm anchoring and/or use of flexible
couplings).

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

4.2.1.2 Connections

Gas pipework connections shall be metallic and shall be of threaded, compression, flanged, welded or
brazed types. The number of connections shall be kept to a minimum.
Threaded connections shall be used only for the following pressure/diameter combinations:
— pressures up to 15 kPa, and diameters up to DN 100
— pressures up to 200 kPa, and diameters up to DN 50
— pressures up to 500 kPa, and diameters up to DN 25
— pressures up to 1 MPa, and diameters up to DN 15
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For fittings according to ISO 49, the following limitations shall be observed:
— fittings must be class “A”;
— maximum allowed pressure is 50 kPa;
— for dimensions DN 25 or less, the maximum pressure is 500 kPa.
Where the equipment has a threaded connection, this thread shall comply with ISO 228-1 or ISO 7-1 as
appropriate. The use of threads complying with ISO 228-1 is limited to diameter up to DN 50. In case
of threads according to ISO 228-1, the tightness shall be ensured by a ring gasket. In case of threads
according to ISO 7-1 suitable sealants shall be used to ensure tightness. Hemp shall not be used in
threaded connections unless reinforced with a suitable sealant.
Other threaded connections may only be used providing they ensure tight connections and are suitably
identified.
The design of pipework shall be such as to avoid tensile loading of the joints.
Compression fittings shall comply with ISO 8434-1, ISO 8434−2 and ISO 8434−3 or ISO 19879. They shall
only be used for pressures up to 500 kPa and diameters up to 42 mm.
Any pipe passing through an unventilated space shall not have a connection except welded joints.
Flanges shall comply with ISO 7005-1 and ISO 7005-2 as appropriate.
Arc welding shall comply with ISO 5817, quality level C.

4.2.1.3 Unconnected pipework

Any unconnected pipework shall be plugged, capped or blank flanged by means of metallic parts.

4.2.1.4 Galvanic cells

The formation of galvanic cells shall be avoided by suitable choice of materials.

4.2.1.5 Flexible tubing and couplings

Flexible tubing shall comply with the general requirements of 4.2.1.1, together with the following:
— shall be as short as practicable;
— shall be suitable for the maximum and minimum working (fuel and ambient) temperatures;
— shall be suitable for a pressure 1,5 times the working operating pressure (with a minimum of
15 kPa), at the maximum and minimum working temperatures;
— shall have a directly accessible, upstream manual shut-off valve;

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

— shall be mounted in such a way as to avoid distortion, whiplash and damage;

— shall have end fittings as integral parts of the tubing;
— shall be constructed from suitable material both metallic and/or non-metallic selected for the
application duty and not be easily damaged.
Couplings for removable equipment shall ensure a gastight connection with the equipment connected
and disconnected.

4.2.1.6 Marking

The pipework shall be identified as gas pipework.

NOTE Identification of gas pipework is dealt with by national regulations.

4.2.1.7 Soundness/tightness

The gas pipework shall be tight and shall be designed to withstand the internal pressure. After assembly,
the gas pipework shall be submitted to its test pressure and tested for tightness. The test pressure shall
be not less than 1,1 times the maximum working pressure at any point with a minimum of 5 kPa.
The external leakage rate shall not give rise to a dangerous condition, flammable and/or toxic, in the
foreseen circumstances of the equipment installation. The frequency of testing to determine the external
leakage shall be specified in the instruction handbook.
NOTE It is generally agreed that an external leak rate of ≈ 1 dm3(n)/h will not give rise to a dangerous
condition in typical ventilated industrial installations. The actual leak rate will depend upon the volume, number
of connections, test gas, number of valves and component parts contained.

The external leak rate test method shall take into account the volume, number of connections, test gas,
number of valves and component parts contained and temperature. Methods of testing shall include
spray bubble leak identification and/or pressure decay test.

4.2.1.8 Condensate drains

In cases where condensates can create a hazard, means shall be provided at the lowest points of the
equipment for draining any condensate. When moist gases are being used, condensate drains of a
suitable type shall be installed. Any condensate drains, siphons, etc. shall be in a position such that they
can be easily checked. Flammable condensates shall be collected by an appropriate means (e.g. piped
into a container).
Valves in condensate drains shall be suitably plugged, capped or blank flanged by metallic parts.

4.2.1.9 Purge points

Means shall be provided to facilitate purging of the gas system during commissioning and maintenance
to prevent the build-up of flammable substances.

4.2.1.10 Blow-off and breather pipes or conduits

Where blow-off or breather pipes or conduits are fitted on regulators or relief valves or vent valves,
adequate means shall be provided to facilitate the venting of gas from the system to a safe discharge
area.
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In case breathers or blow-off pipes are gathered, the cross section of the collector shall be suitable to
evacuate simultaneously total flow rates of the exhaust sources.
In case breathers are gathered with blow-off pipes, non-interaction of the collected lines, valves and
instruments shall be verified.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

4.2.1.11 Pressure relief devices and flame arrestors on pipework

For equipment designed for situations in which flashback can occur, flame arrestors and/or pressure
relief devices shall be fitted.
Pressure relief devices shall be designed to yield at a pressure below the design pressure of the pipework
and shall be positioned such that the discharge flow and the pressure relief device does not constitute a
risk to the equipment, personnel or third parties.
A flashback at least shall trigger an alarm. The required measures after a flashback shall be described
in the instruction handbook.

4.2.1.12 Pressure oscillations

The gas pipework shall be designed so as to avoid the possibility of gas velocities and pressure
fluctuations causing oscillations which could cause damage to pipework, components or safety systems
(e.g. by designing the correct sizing of pipe, using pressure regulator,).

4.2.1.13 Equipment supplied with different fuel gases

Where a burner is intended for alternating use with more than one gaseous fuel, means shall be provided
to ensure that the supply pipework of the gas not being fired is positively isolated.

4.2.1.14 By-pass

By-passes shall not be fitted in parallel with any item of safety equipment.
This requirement shall not apply to valve proving systems (see ISO 23551-4) on automatic shut-off valves.

4.2.1.15 Isolation of required safety devices

Required safety devices (e.g. pressure switches, relief valves) shall not be isolated from the equipment
they protect during start-up or operation of the burner. In case isolating valves cannot be avoided and
are mounted between these required devices and the main lines, these isolating valves shall be locked
in the open position during operation of the equipment by adequate means (e.g. manual lock).

4.2.2 Required safety devices

4.2.2.1 Manual isolating valve

A manually operated isolation valve shall be fitted upstream of the first control device in the gas circuit.
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Manual isolation valves shall be so designed or positioned as to prevent inadvertent operation but shall
be easily accessible and capable of rapid operation when required.
They shall be so designed that the “OPEN” and “CLOSED” positions are readily distinguishable (e.g. a 90°
turn valve if applicable and available).

4.2.2.2 Filter/strainer

Special care shall be taken to prevent the ingress of particles, either from the pipework or from the
gas, which would be detrimental to the operation of the equipment by the incorporation of a suitable
filter or strainer immediately downstream of the first manual isolating valve of the TPE. Additional
filters/strainers may be required (e.g. immediately upstream of the automatic shut-off valve). The filter
and/or the strainer shall be positioned in such a way that periodic servicing remains easy. The filtering
capacity of the filter/strainer has to be chosen according to the requirements of downstream equipment.
NOTE Normally safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances require upstream
filters with filtering capacity ≤ 50 µm. Strainers with larger mesh size are only suitable for primary cleaning.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

In case of the installation of a by-pass to the filter/strainer, an identical filtering device shall be installed
on the by-pass line.
The intervals for checking the filter and/or the strainer shall be specified in the instruction handbook.

4.2.2.3 Gas pressure regulator

A gas pressure regulator shall be incorporated where this is necessary for control of the pressure and
the flow rate.
Gas pressure regulators when fitted shall comply with ISO 23551-2 as appropriate.
If the outlet side of the gas pressure regulator and/or the following line section with equipment up to
the burner is/are not designed for the maximum supply pressure (inlet pressure upstream to the gas
pressure regulator under fault conditions) an over pressure cut-off device shall be installed upstream of
the gas pressure regulator shutting off the gas supply before an excessively high pressure occurs.
The over pressure cut-off device shall be:
— a mechanical valve which measures the gas pressure downstream of the gas pressure regulator by
means of an impulse line and closes by spring force in case the pressure exceeds the set response
pressure, or
— an automatic shut-off valve according to ISO 23551-1 actuated by an overpressure detector installed
downstream of the gas pressure regulator. The overpressure detector shall comply with IEC 60730-
2-6 or be evaluated to ensure appropriate reaction time and accuracy. In this case, signal processing
has to fulfil the requirements of a protective system according to ISO 13577-4.
A small capacity relief valve (token relief valve) shall always be applied downstream of the gas pressure
regulator, if an over pressure cut-off device is installed to vent small leakages of the high pressure cut-
off.
Pressure adjustment on the gas pressure regulator shall only be possible with a special tool provided
for the task.
Where the gas for the pilot burner is taken from upstream of the gas pressure regulator to the main
burner(s), the pilot burner shall be equipped with a separate gas pressure regulator.

4.2.2.4 Low gas protection

Low gas pressure protection shall be fitted. The low gas pressure protection device has to provide
satisfactory and reliable proof of the pressure for all operation conditions.
The system shall prevent start-up or cause safety shut-down and lock-out in the event of pressure
falling below a pre-determined value. This function shall meet a requirement of the protective system
according to ISO 13577-4.
Gas pressure detectors shall comply with IEC 60730-2-6 or shall be evaluated to ensure appropriate
reaction time and accuracy.

4.2.2.5 High gas protection

High gas pressure protection shall be fitted in all circumstances except when:
— the equipment supply pressure does not exceed 10 kPa, and
— regulator failure does not result in an unsafe start-gas rate being obtained.
Where high gas pressure protection is required, the system shall prevent start-up or cause safety shut-
down and lock-out in the event of a pre-determined pressure being exceeded. This function shall meet
the requirements of a protective system according to ISO 13577-4.
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Gas pressure detectors shall comply with IEC 60730-2-6 or shall be evaluated to ensure appropriate
reaction time and accuracy.

4.2.2.6 Automatic shut-off valves

The gas supply to each burner or group of burners shall be under the control of two automatic shut-off
valves in series in the gas pipework in accordance with the following subclauses of ISO 23551-1:2012:
— for general requirements: subclause 7.1;
— for leak tightness: subclause 7.2;
— for durability: subclause 7.5;
— for the closing function: subclause 7.6.101;
— for the closing force: subclause 7.6.104;
— for the closing time: subclause 7.6.106.
The sealing force for automatic shut-off valves shall be equal to or greater than 15 kPa.
For natural draught burner with a controlled capacity below 70 kW the sealing force for automatic shut-
off valves shall be at least 5 kPa.
The automatic shut-off valve shall endure the intended number of cycles in the TPE.
Valves construction and materials shall be suitable for the used gas composition.
Automatic shut-off valve shall be capable of withstanding all upstream pressures, backpressure and
differential pressure under all process circumstances.
High cycling applications over 100 000 cycles/year, (e.g. pulse firing, regenerative burners) shall use
only valves that are declared capable of the intended number of cycles and on/off cycling rate.
The instruction handbook shall specify the need to check automatic shut-off valves for correct operation,
the procedure to be adopted and the intervals at which this should be carried out and the requirements
for replacement. Means to permit the operator to determine when automatic shut-off valves require
replacement shall be supplied.
NOTE It is commonly agreed that valves are to be tested annually unless longer testing intervals can be
justified by the risk analysis.

All systems shall have the ability for manual leak testing of the automatic shut-off valve.
Control valves may be used as safety shut-off valves provided they are designed as both safety shut-off
and modulation valves and tested for concurrent use.
The automatic shut-off valves shall not open or shall shut off the fuel to the burner when the limit of any
safety condition is reached. In this case, the relevant automatic shut-off valves shall be de-energised by
a protective system according to ISO 13577-4.
NOTE Examples for safety related conditions to be considered are (but not limited to): minimum and/or
maximum gas flow, minimum and/or maximum gas pressure, minimum and/or maximum air flow, minimum
and/or maximum air pressure, failure of power supply and/or other utilities (e.g. compressed air, steam), failure
of heat transfer fluid, fume extraction malfunction, minimum and/or maximum operation temperature, minimum
and/or maximum combustion chamber pressure, flame failure, failure of valve proving as referred in 4.2.2.7,
incorrect air gas ratio as referred in 4.3.3.3.

It shall only be possible to manually reset (locally or remotely) the lock out of a closed automatic shut-off
valve.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Flame failure or process control shut down shall cause the closing of two automatic shut-off valves piped
in series except in the following cases where closing a single individual burner shut off valve is sufficient:
— in case of high-temperature equipment;
— in case of low-temperature equipment where the individual burner automatic shut-off valve is
fitted with proof of closure according to ISO 23551-1, and the protective system closes an upstream
automatic shut-off valve (header valve) if one of the individual burner valve is not proven closed by
the prove of closure switch.
Flame failure or process control shut down of radiant tube burner system shall cause the closing of
two automatic shut-off valves piped in series except in the following cases where the closing of a single
individual burner shut off valve is sufficient:
— each radiant tube burner system is explosion resistance and the exhaust system dilutes the ignitable
fuel-air-mixture from leaking gas valves inside the exhaust system below 25 % of the LFL.
For typical examples of piping and components see informative Annex C.

4.2.2.7 Valve proving

Automatic shut-off valves controlling capacities higher than 1 200 kW shall be proved closed at each
start-up of the TPE. In case where the valve is not proved closed, the current start-up shall be stopped
and the system shall go to lock-out. The valve proving procedure and the action after such failure shall
be specified in the instruction handbook (e.g. replacement of valve).
NOTE It is generally agreed that a leak rate of the valve(s) below 0,1 % of the maximum gas flow into the
combustion chamber during operation is considered as proved close valve. In case of preheated gas and/or oxygen
or oxygen enriched combustion this value has to be readjusted accordingly.

For a TPE intended to be started up more than two times a year, the automatic shut-off valve(s) shall be
proved closed by an automatic system.
Automatic valve proving shall fulfil the requirements of a protective system according to ISO 13577-4.
In multiple burner systems with two automatic shut-off valves for each burner, automatic testing does
not have to prove each burner valve individually (see Figure C2b). The testing of the individual burner
valves shall be specified in the instruction handbook.

4.2.2.8 Individual manual shut-off valves for burners

For burners which are independently ignited, each individual burner shall be fitted with a manual shut-
off valve suitable for the type of gas.
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However, if the installation of such a manual valve affects the mixing characteristics of mixing devices
(e.g. venturi mixers), then the shut-off valve shall be installed upstream of any such device.
For multiple burners in which cross-ignition from burner to burner occurs by design, the complete group
of burners shall be fitted with at least one manual shut-off valve.

4.2.3 Combustion air and air/fuel ratio

4.2.3.1 Combustion air system

The pipework design shall take into account the properties of combustion air (e.g. pressure, temperature).
The location of the combustion air intake shall be such as to prevent entry of impurities (e.g. dust) and
flue products, unless provided for by the design (e.g. for reduction of emission of nitrogen oxides NOx).
The ventilation of TPE shall be such as to allow an adequate supply of process air and combustion air to
reach the burner(s) under all conditions.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Attention should be paid to sufficient air supply to the TPE. For many applications, it is recommended to
install an air inlet filter with filter monitoring to achieve reliable operation of the installation.
The combustion air system shall be designed in a manner that prevents the back-flow of furnace
atmosphere through combustion equipment.
The air circuit shall be designed so as to avoid oscillations that may lead to material defects.

4.2.3.2 Air flow and pressure detectors

TPE fitted with forced or induced draught burner(s) shall be fitted with devices for proving adequate air
flow during ignition and operation of the burner.
Air flow failure at any time during the pre-purge, ignition or operation of the burner shall cause safety
shut-down and shall cause a lockout. This function shall meet the requirements of a protective system
according to ISO 13577-4.
The air-proving device shall be checked in the “no flow” state prior to start-up [e.g. by stopping the
combustion air supply or by interrupting the air signal to the device(s) in such a way as to simulate
stopping the combustion air supply]. Failure to prove the device in the “no flow” condition shall prevent
start-up.
Air flow shall be monitored:
— by pressure detectors or
— by flow detectors.
It shall be shown that any of these devices provide satisfactory and reliable proof of the flow for all
operating conditions.
This requirement shall not apply to portable gas burners, work station burners and equipment-integrated
burners with open flame, supervised continuously by trained operators, and having a maximum burner
input rating below 70 kW.
Air pressure detectors shall comply with IEC 60730-2-6 or shall be evaluated to ensure appropriate
reaction time and accuracy. They shall be suitable for the number of operations foreseeable for the
application.

4.2.3.3 Air/fuel ratio

The air mass flow shall always be in a ratio with the gas mass flow in order to ensure safe ignition
and that throughout the operating range, a stable and safe combustion is maintained at each individual
burner. The ratio does not need to be the same value at all operational conditions.
If the variation of pressure and/or temperature of air and fuel gas affect the safety and combustion
stability, then correction for pressure and/or temperature is required.
The design of the air/gas ratio control has to consider process conditions as well as fuel and combustion
air properties. Defect or malfunction should effect that the system will tend towards higher excess air
or proceed to lockout if the air/gas ratio results in an unsafe condition.
Pneumatic gas/air ratio controls shall comply with ISO 23551-3, if applicable.
Electronic gas/air ratio controls shall comply with ISO 23552-1, if applicable.
To ensure their reliability, air/gas ratio controllers according to ISO 23551-3 or ISO 23552-1 shall be used
in conditions (temperature, pressure, flow rate) for which they have been designed. These conditions
and instructions for maintenance shall be specified in the instruction handbook.
In case other methods/technologies are used for the ratio control and depending on the combustion
air and fuel gas properties, additional protective measures shall be applied according to the results

10
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

of the risk assessment (e.g. air/fuel ratio monitoring by protective system according to ISO 13577-4).
The method/technology and the procedure for the functional test shall be described in the instruction
handbook.

4.2.4 Supply of pre-mixed fuel gas/air

4.2.4.1 Mixture pipework

The mixture pipework volume shall be minimized to reduce risk in the event of flashback, but shall not
compromise pressure and flow distribution needed for stable burner operation. The system shall be
designed so as to provide a sufficiently high mixture flow velocity such that flame propagation upstream
cannot occur, or shall be fitted with flame trap(s)/arrestor(s), pressure relief devices or blowout devices
to prevent damage in the mixture pipework and mixing equipment.
Flame trap(s)/arrestor(s) if used shall be located as close to the burner(s) as practicable.
Alternatively, the system shall be fitted with a sensor which causes lock-out in the event of the flow
velocity falling below a pre-determined limit or a temperature sensor which causes lock-out in the event
of flashback. This function shall meet the requirements of a protective system according to ISO 13577-4.
These devices are not required for burners where the manufacturer can demonstrate that flashback
cannot occur in any circumstances (e.g. pilot burners with their own mixing devices).

4.2.4.2 Air and gas supply to the mixture circuit

The presence of fuel gas/air mixture in the pipework supplying either fuel gas or air to the mixing device
(e.g. due to reverse flow of the mixture) shall be prevented.
If a non-return valve is used for this purpose and if it is not resistant to flashback, then an additional
high gas pressure switch located downstream of this non-return valve shall be incorporated to shut
off the flow of fuel gas to the equipment by means of the relevant automatic shut-off valves specified in
4.2.2.6 in the event of a flame flashback.
A flashback shall trigger an alarm. The required measures after a flashback shall be described in the
instruction handbook.

4.2.5 Burners

4.2.5.1 Main burners

All burners shall be suitable for the working conditions and shall provide operating safety for:
— the fuels used (type, pressure, etc.);
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— the operating conditions (pressure, temperature, atmosphere, etc.);

— the nominal input rate and range of regulation (maximum and minimum capacity);
— ease of visual monitoring (sight glasses, sight holes, etc.).

4.2.5.2 Radiant tube burner systems

Radiant tube burner systems shall be suitable and allow safe operation. They shall:
— be constructed of suitable materials for the thermal input rate, temperature and furnace atmosphere;
— minimize the probability of combustion products having contact with the furnace atmosphere.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

4.2.5.3 Ignition device/pilot burner

The ignition device shall be reliable and of sufficient capacity, so that immediate, low noise and smooth
ignition is obtained. Detail verification procedure for use in commissioning, operation and maintenance
shall be included in the instruction handbook.
Any direct ignition device or combination of the ignition device and the pilot burner in automatic
installations shall form an integral part of the main burner system.
The construction and location of a pilot burner shall be such that, under all operating conditions, the
pilot flame remains stable and of such a shape that the main flame is ignited.
For safety requirements, pilot burner(s) shall be treated as main burners and 4.2.2.3, 4.2.2.4, 4.2.2.5,
4.2.2.6, 4.2.2.7, 4.2.2.8, 4.2.3.2, 4.2.3.3, 4.2.6 and 4.2.7 shall apply.
Where pilot burners are used in the case of main burners supplied with gas or combustible vapours
with uncertain combustion characteristics, e.g. varying calorific value, permanent pilots shall be
independently supplied with a clean fuel gas of constant quality (e.g. natural gas, liquefied petroleum
gas) and be fitted with automatic burner control systems according to 4.2.6.

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Where use is made of a portable pilot burner or ignition device:
— the pilot burner or ignition device shall be capable of being fitted in one way only and in such a way
that it occupies a fixed position with respect to the burner to be ignited — if necessary the correct
position shall be monitored;
— the connections for fuel, air and ignition energy shall be so designed that a reliable link-up is
obtained, and errors of fitting of connections are avoided.

4.2.5.4 Burner capacity control

In any combustion system, the turndown ratio shall be such that the burner(s) is/are fully stable at all
firing conditions. Means shall be provided to allow the determination of the burner capacity.

4.2.5.5 Flue gas venting

Flue gases shall be vented in a safe way.

TPE with a closed combustion chamber or combustion chamber with at least three surrounding walls
shall be equipped with a flue system. The cross sectional area of the flue system shall be calculated
according to volume, pressure and temperature of the flue gases (products of combustion, excess air
and process emissions).
For TPE’s equipped with natural draught burners the flue system shall be fitted with an appropriate
draught break above the height of the operator, or control damper (for typical example of a draft break
see Figure C.7).
If the flue gases are extracted by a fan or the draught is controlled by a damper and the risk is not
adequately reduced by the inherently safe design or mechanical design, the system shall be fitted with
a safety device to cause a safety shut down of the burner(s) or a switching over to a backup duct system
in the event of a failure in the flue venting. This function shall meet the requirements of a protective
system according to ISO 13577-4.
For all TPE equipment burners supplied without a flue system, the combustion products shall be directed
away from the workplace. The instruction handbook shall refer to the need for sufficient venting to
ensure the correct air quality for the operator.
NOTE EN 525 gives useful information on maintaining the air quality in workshops.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

4.2.6 Automatic burner control systems

4.2.6.1 General

The main flame and, if applicable, the pilot burner flame, shall be supervised by means of an automatic
burner control system or a flame detector complying with IEC 60730-2-5. Exceptions are only permitted
when specified in this part of ISO 13577 (e.g. see 4.2.6.3 and 4.2.6.4). Flame supervision and burner
control function shall meet the requirements of a protective system according to ISO 13577-4.
For systems where the pilot burner remains in use during main burner operation, separate flame
detector device to supervise the pilot and main flames shall be fitted. The main flame detector device
shall be so positioned that it cannot in any circumstances detect the pilot flame.
Where the pilot burner and the main burner are each provided with their own flame detector device, the
pilot flame shall not influence the response of the main flame sensor.
A single flame detector device shall be sufficient:
— for systems where the pilot flame is extinguished during main burner operation;
— for any metallic fuel fired radiant tubes, explosion resistant and equipped with a burner fitted with
permanent pilot burner.
Where fitted, flame sensors shall be unresponsive to unintended radiation.
Where a burner is required to fire continuously for periods in excess of 24 h, the automatic burner
control system shall be designed for permanent operation as described in IEC 60730-2-5.
The detection of a flame when there should not be a flame or a defect of the automatic burner control
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system or the protective system shall result into lock-out.

4.2.6.2 Low-temperature equipment

Low-temperature equipment fitted with a single burner shall be equipped with an automatic burner
control system in accordance with 4.2.6.1.
For low-temperature multiple burner equipment, each burner shall be equipped with an automatic
burner control system.
Only one of the burners in multiple burner equipment may be equipped with an automatic burner control
system operating continuously provided that the burners guarantee stable combustion throughout the
range of regulation, are on the same air/gas ratio control system and are arranged adjacent and in such a
way that, if one of them is extinguished, it is re-ignited quickly and smoothly by the flame from the next
burner. This shall not apply to burners controlled by “on/off” systems.

4.2.6.3 High-temperature equipment

During high-temperature operation, the temperature shall be monitored. In the event the temperature
falls below the limit, the control system shall automatically shut off the gas supply or shall switch over
to flame supervision by means of an automatic burner control system according to 4.2.6.1. This function
shall meet the requirements of a protective system according to ISO 13577-4.
The temperature limit for high-temperature operation shall not be less than 750 °C and the temperature
shall be detected at the coldest point.
NOTE At radiant tube burner systems the ignition point is inside the radiant tube. The temperature inside
the tube and prior to ignition may well be much lower than in the chamber in which the radiant tube is placed.
This temperature difference has to be taken into consideration when designing.

During start-up period, flame supervision, either by means of an automatic burner control system
or by the operator, shall be provided when the combustion chamber wall temperature is below the

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

temperature limit for high-temperature operation. For TPE intended to be started more than 4 times
a year, flame supervision below 750 °C shall be by means of an automatic burner control system.
Additional burners that operate during high-temperature operation without flame supervision shall
be isolated from the fuel gas supply by two automatic shut-off valves until the temperature is above the
limit for high-temperature operation. This function shall meet the requirements of a protective system
according to ISO 13577-4.
The high-temperature operation, the method/procedure for flame supervision during start-up period
and switch over to high-temperature shall be described in the instruction handbook.

4.2.6.4 Automatic burner control systems for burners operating in the open air

Each burner firing in the open air (i.e. no combustion chamber) with a rated heat input greater than
70 kW shall be fitted with an automatic burner control system.
Where the burner heat input rating is 70 kW or less, the flame may be supervised by the operator,
provided that the flame is always visible to the operator at his/her workstation.
If the flame cannot be observed continuously from the workplace, an automatic burner control system
shall be provided.
Where an installation is equipped with several burners other than ON/OFF burners, no automatic
burner control system is required if the burners are arranged in a configuration in which the flame of
an operating burner will reliably crosslight another burner in the event of flame extinction. However, in
this case at least one burner shall be equipped with spark restoration or a supervised permanent pilot
designed so that a failure of the permanent pilot or the spark restoration system leads to safety shut-
down of all the burners.
If necessary for process reasons (e.g. load damaged due to lock-out), and where the single burner
capacity is below 100 kW, the lock-out function integrated into a multiple burner installation may be
replaced by an acoustic and a visual alarm providing the operator can react in a time to be specified in
the instruction handbook.

4.2.7 Start-up of the heating system and burner ignition

4.2.7.1 Pre-purging of the combustion chamber

Except when specified below, start-up of the TPE or re-start of the TPE after a lock-out shall not be
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initiated until adequate steps have been taken to ensure that no combustible mixture is present in the
combustion/processing chamber, connected spaces and flue system (heat exchangers, dust extractors).
This condition shall be achieved by means of a period of pre-purging immediately prior to ignition or
within a time to be specified in the instruction handbook.
The pre-purge time shall be such as to ensure that the concentration of any combustible products in
any part of the combustion chamber/connected spaces and flue system is below 25 % of the lower
flammability limit (LFL) of the fuel gas; this being calculated with the combustion chamber/connected
spaces and the flue duct assumed as being initially filled up with flammable gases.
In general, five complete air changes of the combustion chamber/connected spaces and flue system will
suffice. The air flow rate used for a pre-purge shall be at least 50 % of the maximum combustion air flow
rate. In the case of natural draught, the condition to achieve the above requirements shall be defined in
the instruction handbook.
The pre-purge time and purge procedure and/or methodology shall be specified in the instruction
handbook.
The system for ensuring correct pre-purge time and the airflow shall meet the requirements of a
protective system according to ISO 13577-4.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

When the combustion chamber is proved to be at a temperature above 750 °C (as defined for high-
temperature equipment) pre-purge may be omitted.
Inert or non-flammable gases shall be used instead of air if required by the equipment or process. Other
methods of ensuring that the combustion chamber and connected spaces do not contain flammable
gases may be utilized providing that the equivalent level of safety is achieved.
In multiple burner equipment a single burner may be re-started without pre-purge in the following
cases:
— when restarting a burner after shut-down for control purpose where the burner is fitted with an
independently supervised permanent or alternating pilot;

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— when one or more burners remain alight in the same combustion chamber of the burner to be re-
ignited and the burner(s) remaining in operation shall provide ignition of any unintended release of
fuel through other burners that are not in operation without causing a hazard (e.g. deflagration);
— where the burner is fitted with two automatic shut-off valves that close simultaneously and a valve
proving according to 4.2.2.7 is conducted before each burner start;
— with pulse fired burners, equipped with two automatic shut-off valves that close simultaneously and
provided the automatic shut -off valves are declared to be suitable for the intended number of cycles
and on/off cycling rate by the manufacturer of the automatic shut-off valve — it shall be ensured,
that at least once per hour at least one burner per zone is burning for at least 10 s to provide ignition
of any unintended release of fuel without causing a hazard (e.g. deflagration);
— with regenerative burners equipped with two automatic shut-off valves that close simultaneously
and provided the automatic shut-off valves are declared to be suitable for the intended number of
cycles and on/off cycling rate by the manufacturer of the automatic shut-off valve;
— when restarting a radiant tube burner after shut-down for control purpose provided the radiant
tube is resistant to explosion and the burner is equipped with two automatic shut-off valves that
close simultaneously and that the radiant tube burner is equipped with an ignition device according
to 4.2.5.3.
In the case of a flame failure of one burner out of a group of radiant tube burners, maximum of one re-
start without pre-purge is permitted before lock-out after a flame failure, if:
— each burner has an automatic burner control system according to 4.2.6, and
— the exhaust system dilutes the ignitable fuel-air-mixture inside the exhaust system below 25 %
of the LFL or the radiant tube, the burner and the connection to the exhaust are designed for the
maximum pressure increase that is possible during ignition, and
— the gas supply to each radiant tube burner is equipped with automatic shut-off valve according to
4.2.2.6.

4.2.7.2 Start-up of the fuel supply

Start-up of the fuel supply shall be possible only when:

— the installed air and fuel gas proving devices (e.g. air flow, gas pressure) have been checked to
ensure that they are in the correct operating condition for start-up, and
— all relevant interlocks (e.g. burner(s) position, valve(s) position, flue damper(s)) have been proved to
be in the correct position.

4.2.7.3 Start fuel flow rate

The energy released during the start-up of the burner(s) shall be limited so that the maximum pressure
rise from ignition shall not cause any damage to the TPE (see Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3).

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

The start fuel flow rate shall be controlled by control and/or a protective system according to ISO 13577-4
based on the outcome of the risk assessment.
Where the burner is ignited manually (e.g. by means of a lighting torch) and has a burner input rate in
excess of 70 kW, it shall be equipped with a means of limiting the start-up gas flow.

4.2.7.4 Ignition

The ignition process shall be initiated immediately after the conclusion of the pre-purging stage or
within a time to be specified in the instruction handbook.
Where the main burner is ignited by means of a pilot burner, the gas supply to the main burner shall be
shut off during the pre-purge and ignition of the pilot burner. The automatic shut-off valve(s) of the main
burner shall open only when the pilot burner flame has been proved.
NOTE Where air enriched with oxygen or oxygen alone is the oxidising agent for the combustion of a gas,
(commonly called oxy/fuel firing), then the ignition procedures and times for such systems may require specific
additional design attention to ensure the equivalent levels of safety.

4.2.7.5 Maximum safety times for natural draught burners

The safety time and total closing time for natural draught burners shall not exceed the values given in
Table 1 and Table 2.

Table 1 — Maximum safety times for natural draught burners operating in open air
Burner input rate Safety time Total closing time
kW s s
1) Thermoelectric flame supervision device
up to and including 70 60 45
2) Flame supervision device other than thermoelectric
up to and including 70 10 10
above 70 up to and including 360 10 3
above 360 a 5 3
a Ignition at a rate of 33 % of the burner input rating with a maximum of 360 kW.

Table 2 — Maximum safety times for natural draught burners operating in combustion
chamber
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Burner input rate Safety time Total closing time

kW s s
1) Thermoelectric flame supervision device
up to and including 2,5 60 45
2) Flame supervision device other than thermoelectric
up to and including 70 10 10
above 70 up to and including 360 10 3
above 360 a 5 3
a Ignition at a rate of 33 % of the burner input rating with a maximum of 360 kW.

4.2.7.6 Maximum safety times for forced and induced draught burners

The maximum start gas rate and the corresponding safety time for forced and induced draught burners
shall not exceed the values given in Table 3.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Burner start-up shall be achieved in accordance with one of the following methods:
— direct ignition of the main burner at full rate (see Table 3, Column 2) or
— direct ignition of the main burner at reduced rate e.g. by using slow opening valve; (see Table 3,
Column 3) or
— direct ignition of the main burner at reduced rate with by-pass start gas supply to the burner or two
step automatic shut-off valve; (see Table 3, Column 4) or
— ignition of the main burner by means of an independent pilot burner; (see Table 3, Column 5).
For methods of burner start-up, see Annex D.

Table 3 — Maximum safety times for forced and induced draught burners
1 2 3 4 5
Direct main Direct main Direct main Main burner ignition with independ-
burner ignition at burner ignition burner ignition at ent pilot burner
full rate at reduced rate reduced rate
with slow opening with by-pass start gas Pilot burner igni- Main burner igni-
valves supply tion tion
(QST ≤ 0,1 × QF max)
Second safety
Rate Safety time Safety time Rate Safety time First safety time
time
QF max ts ts QST ts ts1
ts2
kW s s kW s s s
≤ 70 5 5 ≤ 70 5 5 5
≤ 70 5
> 70
3 3 > 70 5 3
≤ 120 3
≤ 120
≤ 70 5 3
with slow opening
not allowed valves
> 120
except as 3 > 70 ts × Qs < 100 5 or
≤ 360
described below ≤ 360 (max. ts = 3 s) ts × Qs < 150
(max. ts = 3 s)
not allowed not allowed ≤ 70 5 5 (QST ≤ 70 KW)
ts × Qs < 150
> 360 except as except as ts × Qs < 100
described below described below > 70 3 (QST > 70 KW) (max. ts = 3 s)
(max. ts = 3 s)
QF max = maximum main burner input rate in kilowatts
QST = start input rate in kilowatts
Qs = maximum start input rate expressed as a percentage of QF max (Qs = QST/QF max)
ts = safety time in seconds

Higher start gas rates than those specified in Table 3 may be achieved at the end of the safety time
provided that it is proved that the total amount of energy released in the combustion chamber during
the safety time is not greater than the energy release calculated by multiplying the values of maximum
start gas heat input and safety time given by Table 3.
Only if required for process reasons or special cases of equipment construction and if the above
mentioned ignition safety times cannot be used, the function and values of the ignition safety time may
differ from those given in Table 3 provided the safety of the TPE is not endangered. In any case the safety
time shall not exceed 10 s.
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Where for process reasons, burners with a nominal input exceeding 120 kW are ignited directly at full
rate or burners with a nominal input exceeding 360 kW are ignited directly at reduced rate using slow
opening valves the combustion chamber/process chamber, flue ways and pipework shall be designed to
take account of the maximum pressure rise.
In the case of long cross-ignited burners, an extension of the safety time by 1,5 s/metre of burner length,
with a maximum of 10 s is acceptable providing the flame is monitored at the end of the burner remote
from the source of ignition and safe ignition always takes place.

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4.2.7.7 Flame failure on start-up

In the event that flame failure occurs during the safety time, the burner shall go to lock-out. However, re-
cycling is acceptable providing equipment safety is not compromised (e.g. atmosphere in the combustion
chamber does not exceed 25 % of LFL). The number of re-cycles shall not exceed two. The re-cycle(s)
function shall meet the requirements of a protective system according to ISO 13577-4. If there is no
flame signal at the end of these re-cycles, the failing burner shall go to lock-out.
The conditions of and the time period between recycle and the number of re-cycles shall be specified in
the instruction handbook.

4.2.7.8 Flame failure during operation

In the event of flame failure during operation the burner shall go to lock-out. However, safety shut-down
and recycling are acceptable providing equipment safety is not compromised (e.g. atmosphere in the
combustion chamber does not exceed 25 % of LFL). The re-cycle function shall meet the requirements of
a protective system according to ISO 13577-4. If there is no a flame signal at the end of this re-cycle, the
failing burner shall go to lock-out.
Not more than one re-cycle shall be permitted, the conditions for which shall be specified in the
instruction handbook.
The total closing time shall not exceed 3 s. However, in cases where there is no recycle without purge
and if the LFL-level in the combustion chamber does not exceed 25 %, the total closing time shall not
exceed 5 s.
The TPE shall be designed such that a recycle of a single burner system requires a complete recycle
including pre-purge.

4.3 Liquid fuels

4.3.1 Liquid fuel pipework

4.3.1.1 General

The pipework design shall take into account the composition and properties of the liquid fuel and the
need for venting, purging, cleaning, heat tracing and insulation.
The pipework material shall comply with the relevant standards.
For durability, steel is the preferred material for pipes and components but where appropriate and the
same safety levels can be achieved then other materials can be utilized. Such materials and conditions
of service shall be specified in the instruction handbook.
Oscillations which could cause damage to the pipework, components, safety systems shall be prevented
(e.g. by firm anchoring, use of flexible coupling).
Where excessive pressure can occur in the pipework due to thermal expansion of the liquid fuel, means
of pressure relief shall be provided.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

4.3.1.2 Connections

Liquid fuel pipework connections shall be of threaded, compression, flanged or welded types. Other
types of connections, such as couplings for removable equipment, shall ensure a liquid tight connection
with the equipment connected and disconnected. Threaded connections shall be used only for the
following combinations:
— pressures up to 1 MPa;
— temperatures up to 130 °C;
— diameters up to DN 25.
Threaded connections may be used for higher pressures and temperatures where the connection
is specifically designed to operate under those conditions without creating a risk. In this case the
connection ratings for pressure and temperature shall be specified in the instruction handbook.
Compression connections shall comply with ISO 8434-1, ISO 8434−2 and ISO 8434−3 and ISO 19879 and
only for the following combinations:
— pressures up to 4 MPa;
— diameters up to DN 32.
For other combinations of pressures and diameters, connections shall be by means of welded flanges or
welded joints. The number of connections shall be kept to a minimum.
Where the equipment has a threaded connection, this thread shall comply with ISO 228-1 or ISO 7-1 as
appropriate. In the case of parallel threads, care shall be taken to ensure an adequate seal.
Other threaded connections may only be used providing they ensure tight connections and are suitably
identified.
The design of pipework shall be such as to avoid tensile loading of the joints.
Solder with a melting point below 450 °C and adhesives shall not be used.
Any pipe passing through an unventilated space shall not have a connection except welded joints.
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Flanges shall comply with ISO 7005-1, ISO 7005-2 and ISO 7005-3, as appropriate.
Arc welding shall comply with ISO 5817, quality level C.
Special requirements for liquefied petroleum gas in the liquid phase shall be considered.

4.3.1.3 Unconnected pipework

Any unconnected live pipework shall be plugged, capped or blank flanged by means of metallic parts.

4.3.1.4 Flexible tubing and couplings

Flexible tubing shall comply with the general requirements of 4.3.1.1, together with the following:
— shall be as short as practical;
— shall be suitable for the maximum and minimum operating temperatures;
— shall be suitable for a pressure 1,5 times the maximum operating pressure (with a minimum of
100 kPa), at the maximum and minimum operating temperatures;
— shall have a directly accessible, upstream manual shut-off valve;
— shall be mounted in such a way as to avoid distortion, whiplash and damage;

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

— shall have end fittings as integral parts of the tubing;

— shall be constructed from suitable material both metallic and/or non-metallic selected for the
application duty and not be easily damaged.
Couplings for removable equipment shall ensure a tight connection with the equipment connected and
disconnected.

4.3.1.5 Marking

The pipework shall be identified with respect to the liquid fuel being carried.
NOTE Identification of fuel pipework is dealt with by national regulations.

4.3.1.6 Soundness/tightness

The liquid fuel pipework shall be tight and shall be designed to withstand the internal pressure.
After assembly, the liquid fuel circuit shall be submitted to its test pressure and tested for tightness. The
test pressure shall be not less than 1,5 times the maximum working pressure at any point.
Suitable methods for checking the leak tightness are e.g. visible leak, pressure decay monitoring, etc.
Instructions concerning the methods and frequency of testing shall be specified in the instruction
handbook (see 6.3.3).
In addition to the pressure test on the pipework, all the pressure relief valves shall be tested to ensure
their operation at the correct pressure.
The external leakage rate shall not give rise to a dangerous condition, flammable and/or toxic, in the
foreseen circumstances of the equipment installation. The frequency of testing to determine the external
leakage shall be specified in the instruction handbook.

4.3.1.7 Fuel pipe heating

Where the liquid fuel pipe needs to be heated and insulated to maintain the required temperature,
safeguards shall be provided to prevent the temperature and/or pressure of the fuel exceeding the
maximum design values.
The trace heating system shall include all equipment, such as regulating and shut-off mechanisms. In the
case of vapour or liquid heating, the heating system shall be provided with suitable condensate outlets
and shut-off valves.
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4.3.1.8 By-passes

By-passes shall not be fitted in parallel with any automatic shut-off valve except where the by-pass is a
stand-by system equipped with an automatic shut-off valve.

4.3.1.9 Purge points

Means shall be provided to purge gases safely from the liquid fuel system. The venting of the gases shall
take into account, in particular:
— risk of combustion;
— avoidance of recirculation into the combustion chamber;
— avoidance of introduction into drains and pits;
— specific gravity of the gas.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

4.3.1.10 Equipment supplied with different liquid fuels

Where a burner is intended for use with more than one liquid fuel, means shall be provided to ensure
that the supply pipework of the fuel not being fired is positively isolated (e.g. by physical blank or
disconnection).

4.3.2 Required safety devices

4.3.2.1 Manual isolating valve

A manually operated isolation valve shall be fitted upstream of the first control device in the liquid fuel
circuit. Manual isolation valves shall be so designed or positioned as to prevent inadvertent operation
but shall be easily accessible and capable of rapid operation when required.
They shall be so designed that the “OPEN” and “CLOSED” positions are readily distinguishable (e.g. a 90°
turn valve if applicable and available).

4.3.2.2 Filter/strainer

Special care shall be taken to prevent the ingress of particles, either from the pipework or from the liquid
fuel, which would be detrimental to the operation of the equipment by the incorporation of a suitable
filter or strainer immediately downstream of the first manual isolating valve of the TPE. Additional
filters/strainers shall be required (e.g. immediately upstream of the automatic shut-off valve). The filter
and/or the strainer shall be positioned in such a way that periodic servicing can be carried out easily.
In the event of the installation of a by-pass to the filter and/or the strainer, an identical filtering device
shall be installed on the by-pass line.
Filter and/or the strainer shall be checked at intervals specified in the instruction handbook.

4.3.2.3 Pressure relief valve

Where required, the fuel circuit shall be fitted with calibrated pressure relief valves.
NOTE When two valves close simultaneously the pressure in between can rise behind safety level.

4.3.2.4 Liquid fuel pressure regulator

A liquid fuel pressure regulator shall be incorporated where this is necessary for control of the flow rate.

4.3.2.5 Pressure regulation of auxiliary fluids

For auxiliary fluids (e.g. compressed air, steam) automatically operating pressure regulators shall be
installed where this is necessary for control of the burner system.

4.3.2.6 Liquid fuel pressure protection

High and low fuel pressure detectors shall be fitted in the case of all low-temperature equipment where
operation within preset pressure limits is essential in ensuring the correct flow and atomising conditions.
Deviation outside of these limits shall prevent start-up or cause safety shut-down. This function shall
meet the requirements of a protective system according to ISO 13577-4.
Pressure detectors shall comply with IEC 60730-2-6 or shall be evaluated to ensure appropriate reaction
time and accuracy.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

4.3.2.7 Liquid fuel temperature protection

High and low fuel temperature detectors shall be fitted in the case of all low-temperature equipment
where operation within pre-set temperature limits is essential in ensuring the correct flow and
atomising conditions. Deviation outside of these limits shall prevent start-up or cause safety shut-down.
This function shall meet the requirements of a protective system according to ISO 13577-4.

4.3.2.8 Automatic shut-off valves

The liquid fuel distribution circuit shall be under the control of two automatic shut-off valves. Automatic
shut-off valves shall comply with ISO 23553-1.
In the event of damage, failure of the electricity supply or actuating fluid, the automatic shut-off valves
shall shut off the fuel supply to the burner(s).
Automatic shut-off valve shall be capable of withstanding all backpressure and differential pressure
under all process circumstances.
High cycling applications over 100 000 cycles/year (e.g. pulse firing, regenerative burners) shall use
only valves that are declared capable of an intended number of cycles. The instruction handbook shall
specify the need to check valves for correct operation, the procedure to be adopted and the intervals at
which this should be carried out.
The instruction handbook shall specify the need to check automatic shut-off valves for correct operation,
the procedure to be adopted and the intervals at which this should be carried out and the requirements
for replacement. A means to permit the operator to determine when automatic shut-off valves require
replacement shall be supplied.
NOTE It is commonly agreed that valves should be tested annually unless longer testing intervals can be
justified by the risk analysis.

All systems shall have the ability for manual leak testing of the automatic shut-off valve.
The automatic shut-off valves shall not open or shall shut off the fuel to the burner when the limit of any
safety condition is reached. In this case, the relevant automatic shut-off valves shall be de-energised by
a protective system according to ISO 13577-4.
NOTE Examples for safety related conditions to be considered are (but not limited to): minimum and/or
maximum liquid fuel flow, minimum and/or maximum liquid fuel pressure, minimum and/or maximum air flow,
minimum and/or maximum air pressure, failure of power supply and/or other utilities (e.g. compressed air, steam),
failure of heat transfer fluid, fume extraction malfunction, minimum and/or maximum operation temperature,
minimum and/or maximum combustion chamber pressure, flame failure, incorrect air gas ratio as referred in
4.3.3.3.

It shall only be possible to manually reset (locally or remotely) the lock out of a closed automatic shut-off
valve.
Flame failure or process control shut down shall cause the closing of two automatic shut-off valves piped
in series except in the following cases where closing a single individual burner shut-off valve is sufficient:
— in case of high-temperature equipment;
— in case of burner equipped with individual positive displacement pump, when the pump is off at the
same time as the automatic shut-off valve.
Single automatic shut-off valve shall be fitted with a device proving that the valve is in closed position in
a case of a shut-down and creates an alarm and prevents a re-start.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

4.3.2.9 Automatic shut-off valves for multiple burners

Where individual burners are equipped with automatic shut-off valves, such valves shall comply with
ISO 23553-1, if technically applicable, and their operation shall not adversely affect the safe operation of
the remaining burners.
Where 4.3.2.8 requires two automatic shut-off valves, it is permissible for an individual burner to be
shut down by a single automatic shut-off valve in the event of flame failure or for process reasons (e.g.
thermal input) providing it is a high-temperature equipment.

4.3.2.10 Individual manual shut-off valves for multiple burners

For multiple burners which are independently ignited, each individual burner shall be fitted with a
manual shut-off valve.
If fitted, the operation of the manual shut-off valve(s) shall not adversely affect the safety of the system
(e.g. the atomizing fluid valve shall be proven open prior to the introduction of liquid fuel).

4.3.3 Combustion air and air/fuel ratio

4.3.3.1 Combustion air system

The pipework design shall take into account the properties of combustion air.
All manual control devices (registers, valves, etc.) for the air shall be set in their pre-determined positions
and protected against inadvertent movement.
The location of the combustion air intake shall be such as to prevent entry of flue products unless
provided by the design [e.g. for reduction of emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx)].
The combustion air system shall be designed in a manner that prevents the back-flow of furnace
atmosphere and/or flue gases through combustion equipment.
The air circuit shall be designed so as to avoid oscillations that are potentially dangerous.
The ventilation of the building and TPE shall be such as to allow an adequate supply of process air and
combustion air to reach the burner(s)/TPE under all conditions.

4.3.3.2 Air flow and pressure detectors

TPE fitted with forced or induced draught burner(s) shall be fitted with devices for proving adequate air
flow during the ignition and operation of the burner.
Air flow failure at any time during the pre-purge, ignition or operation of the burner shall cause safety
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

shut-down and shall cause a lockout. This function shall meet the requirements of a protective system
according to ISO 13577-4.
The air-proving device shall be checked in the “no flow” state prior to start-up [e.g. by stopping the
combustion air supply or by interrupting the air signal to the device(s) in such a way as to simulate
stopping the combustion air supply]. Failure to prove the device in the “no flow” condition shall prevent
start-up.
Air flow shall be monitored:
— by pressure detectors or
— by flow detectors.
It shall be shown that any of these devices provide satisfactory and reliable proof of the flow for all
operating conditions.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Air pressure detectors shall comply with IEC 60730-2-6 or shall be evaluated to ensure appropriate
reaction time and accuracy. They shall be suitable for the number of operations foreseeable for the
application.

4.3.3.3 Air/fuel ratio

The air mass flow shall always be in a ratio with the fuel mass flow in order to ensure safe ignition
and that throughout the operating range, a stable and safe combustion is maintained at each individual
burner. The ratio needs not be the same value at all operational conditions.
If the variation of pressure and/or temperature of air and fuel does not affect the safety and combustion
stability, then correction for pressure or temperature is not required.
Electronic fuel/air ratio controls shall comply with ISO 23552-1 if applicable.
To ensure their reliability, air/fuel ratio controllers shall be used in conditions (temperature, pressure,
flow rate) for which they have been designed. These conditions and instructions for maintenance shall
be specified in the instruction handbook.
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

In case other methods/technologies are used for the ratio control and depending on the combustion air
and liquid fuel properties, additional protective measures shall be applied according to the results of the
risk assessment (e.g. air/fuel ratio monitoring by protective system according to ISO 13577-4),

4.3.4 Liquid fuel atomisation

Burners for liquid fuels shall be equipped where applicable with fuel atomizing systems to permit their
correct combustion.
Measures shall be taken to prevent the liquid fuel from entering the atomizing fluid pipe and vice versa.
If the atomizing fluid is a combustible gas, then the requirements of the relevant subclauses of 4.2 shall
apply.

4.3.5 Burners

4.3.5.1 Main burners

All burners shall be suitable for the working conditions and shall provide operating safety for:
— the fuels used (type, pressure, etc.);
— the operating conditions (pressure, temperature, atmosphere, etc.);
— the nominal input rate and range of regulation (maximum and minimum capacity);
— ease of visual monitoring (sight glasses, sight holes, etc.).

4.3.5.2 Ignition system

For safety requirements, pilot burner(s) shall be treated as main burners and this part of ISO 13577 shall
apply.
Any direct ignition device or combination of the ignition device and the pilot burner in automatic
installations shall form an integral part of the main burner system.
In the case of installations for controlled manual operation, the ignition assembly shall be capable of
being mounted on the main burner in one way only and in such a way that it occupies a fixed position
with respect to the burner to be ignited.
The construction and location of any pilot burner shall be such that, under all operating conditions, the
ignition flame remains stable and of such a shape that the main flame is ignited.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

The ignition device shall be reliable and of sufficient capacity, so that immediate, low noise and smooth
ignition is obtained.
Where use is made of a portable pilot burner or ignition device:
— the pilot burner or ignition device shall be capable of being fitted in one way only — if necessary the
correct position shall be monitored;
— the connections for fuel, air, ignition energy shall be so designed that a reliable link-up is obtained,
and errors of fitting of connections are avoided.
If the fuel used for the pilot burner is gaseous, then the requirements of the relevant subclauses of 4.2
shall apply.

4.3.5.3 Permanent pilots

Where used, a permanent pilot(s) shall be supplied with a clean fuel (e.g. natural gas, LPG, diesel) of
constant quality and be fitted with automatic burner control systems. This automatic burner control
systems may be the automatic burner control systems of the ignited main burner, when the safety of the
equipment is not compromised.

4.3.5.4 Burner capacity control

In any combustion system, the turndown ratio shall be such that the burner(s) is/are fully stable at all
firing conditions.

4.3.5.5 Flue gas venting

Flue gases shall be vented in a safe way.

TPE with a closed combustion chamber or combustion chamber with at least three surrounding walls
shall be equipped with a flue system. The cross sectional area of the flue system has to be calculated
according to the volume, the pressure and the temperature of the flue gases (products of combustion,
excess air and process emissions).
If the flue gases are extracted by a fan or the draught is controlled by a damper and the risk is not
adequately reduced by the inherently safe design or mechanical design, the system shall be fitted with
a safety device to effect a safety shut down of the burner(s) or a switching over to a backup duct system

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
in the event of a failure in the flue venting. This function shall meet the requirements of a protective
system according to ISO 13577-4.
For all TPE equipment burners supplied without a flue system, the combustion products shall be directed
away from the workplace. The instruction handbook shall refer to the need for sufficient venting to
ensure the correct air quality for the operator.
NOTE EN 525 gives useful information on maintaining the air quality in workshops

4.3.6 Automatic burner control systems

4.3.6.1 General

The main flame and, if applicable, the pilot burner flame shall be supervised by means of an automatic
burner control system complying with IEC 60730-2-5. Exceptions are only permitted when specified in
this part of ISO 13577 (e.g. see 4.3.6.2 and 4.3.6.3).
For systems where the pilot burner remains in use during main burner operation, separate flame
detector devices to supervise the pilot and main flames shall be fitted. The main flame detector device
shall be so positioned that it cannot in any circumstances detect the pilot flame.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Where the pilot burner and the main burner are each provided with their own flame detector device,
the pilot flame shall not influence the response of the main flame sensor. A single flame detector device
shall be sufficient:
— for systems where the pilot flame is extinguished during main burner operation;
— for any metallic fuel fired radiant tubes, explosion resistance and equipped with a burner fitted
with permanent pilot burner.
Where fitted, flame detector device shall be unresponsive to unintended radiation.
If necessary for process reasons, the characteristics of the system may differ from the requirements
specified in ISO 23553-1 providing the levels of safety and reliability are not reduced.
Where a burner is required to fire continuously for periods in excess of 24 h, the automatic burner
control system shall be designed for continuous operation.
The detection of a flame when there should not be a flame or a defect of the automatic burner control
system or the protective system shall result into lock-out.

4.3.6.2 Low-temperature equipment

Low-temperature equipment fitted with a single burner shall be equipped with an automatic burner
control system in accordance with 4.3.6.1.
For low-temperature multiple burner equipment, each burner shall be equipped with an automatic
burner control system.
Only one of the burners may be equipped with an automatic burner control system operating continuously
provided that the burners guarantee stable combustion throughout the range of regulation, are on the
same air/fuel ratio control system and are arranged adjacent and in such a way that, if one of them is
extinguished, it is re-ignited quickly and smoothly by the flame from the next burner. This procedure
shall not apply to burners controlled by “on/off” systems.

4.3.6.3 High-temperature equipment

During high-temperature operation, the temperature shall be monitored. In the event the temperature
falls below the limit, the control system shall automatically shut off the liquid fuel supply or shall switch
over to flame supervision by means of an automatic burner control system according to 4.3.6.1. This
function shall meet the requirements of a protective system according to ISO 13577-4.
The temperature limit for high-temperature operation shall not be less than 750 °C and the temperature
shall be detected at the coldest point.
NOTE At radiant tube burner systems, the ignition point is inside the radiant tube. The temperature inside
the tube and prior to ignition may well be much lower than in the chamber in which the radiant tube is placed.
This temperature difference has to be taken into consideration when designing.

During start-up period, flame supervision, either by means of an automatic burner control system or by
the operator, shall be provided when the combustion chamber wall temperature is below the temperature
limit for high-temperature operation. For TPE intended to be started more than 4 times a year, flame
supervision below 750 °C shall be by means of an automatic burner control system. Additional burners
that operate during high-temperature operation without flame supervision shall be isolated from the
liquid fuel supply by two automatic shut-off valves until the temperature is above the limit for high-
temperature operation. This function shall meet the requirements of a protective system according to
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ISO 13577-4.
The high-temperature operation, the method/procedure for flame supervision during start-up period
and switch over to high-temperature shall be described in the instruction handbook.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

4.3.7 Start-up of the heating system and burner ignition

4.3.7.1 Pre-purging of the combustion chamber

Except where specified below, start-up or restart after a lock-out shall not be initiated until adequate
steps have been taken to ensure that no combustible mixture is present in the combustion/processing
chamber, connected spaces and flue products evacuation circuit (heat exchangers, dust extractors). This
condition shall be achieved by means of a period of pre-purging immediately prior to ignition or within
a time to be specified in the instruction handbook.
The pre-purge time shall be such as to ensure that the concentration of any combustible products in
any part of the combustion chamber/processing chamber and flue duct is below 25 % of the Lower
Flammable Limit of the liquid fuel; this being calculated with the combustion chamber/processing
chamber and the flue duct assumed as being initially 100 % filled with flammable gases.
NOTE Fuel oil can collect and remain in liquid state until vaporized thereby extending the time required for
pre-purge.

In general, five complete air changes of the combustion chamber/processing chamber and flue duct will
suffice. The air flow rate used for a pre-purge shall be at least 50 % of the maximum combustion air flow
rate. In the case of natural draught, the condition to achieve the above requirements shall be defined in
the instruction handbook.
The pre-purge time and purge procedure and or methodology shall be specified in the instruction
handbook.
The system for ensuring correct pre-purge time and the airflow shall meet the requirements of a
protective system according to ISO 13577-4.
When the combustion chamber is proved to be at a temperature above 750 °C (as defined for high-
temperature equipment) pre-purge may be omitted.
Inert or non-flammable gases shall be used instead of air if required by the equipment or process. Other
methods of ensuring that the combustion chamber and connected spaces do not contain flammable
gases can be utilized providing that the equivalent level of safety is achieved.
Restart after a lock-out condition shall commence with a pre-purge.
In multiple burner equipment a single burner may be started without pre-purge in the following cases:
— when restarting a burner after shut-down for control purpose where the burner is fitted with an
independently supervised permanent or alternating pilot;
— when one or more burners remain alight in the same combustion chamber of the burner to be re-
ignited and the burner(s) remaining in operation shall provide ignition of any unintended release of
fuel through other burners that are not in operation without causing a hazard (e.g. deflagration);
— where the burner is fitted with two automatic shut-off valves that close simultaneously and a valve
proving is conducted at each burner start;
— with pulse fired burners, equipped with two automatic shut-off valves that close simultaneously
and provided the automatic shut-off valves are declared to be suitable for the intended number of
cycles and on/off cycling rate by the manufacturer of the automatic shut-off valve;
— with regenerative burners equipped with two automatic shut-off valves that close simultaneously
and provided the automatic shut-off valves are declared to be suitable for the intended number of
cycles and on/off cycling rate by the manufacturer of the automatic shut-off valve;
— when restarting a radiant tube burner after shut-down for control purpose provided the radiant
tube is resistant to explosion and the burners is equipped with two automatic shut-off valves that
close simultaneously and that the radiant tube burner is equipped with an ignition device according
to 4.3.5.3.

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

In the case of a flame failure of one burner of a group of radiant tube burners, a maximum of one re-start
without pre-purge is permitted before lock-out after a flame failure, if:
— each burner has an automatic burner control system and
— the exhaust system dilutes the ignitable fuel-air-mixture inside the exhaust system below 25 %
of the LFL or the radiant tube, the burner and the connection to the exhaust are designed for the
maximum pressure increase that is possible during ignition and
— the liquid fuel supply to each radiant tube burner is equipped with an automatic shut-off valve
complying with ISO 23553-1.

4.3.7.2 Start-up of the fuel supply

Start-up of the fuel supply and burner(s) shall be possible only when:
— the installed air and liquid fuel proving devices (e.g. air flow, fuel pressure, atomizing fluid pressure
when required) have been checked to ensure that they are in the correct operating condition for
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

start-up and
— all relevant interlocks [e.g. burner(s) position, valve(s) position, flue damper(s)] have been proved to
be in the correct position.

4.3.7.3 Start fuel flow rate

The energy released during the start-up of the burners(s) shall be limited and the maximum pressure
rise from a delayed ignition shall not cause any damage to the TPE (see Table 4).
The start fuel flow rate shall be controlled by control and/or a protective system according to ISO 13577-4
based on the outcome of the risk assessment.

4.3.7.4 Ignition

The ignition process shall be initiated immediately or within the time to be specified in the instruction
handbook after the conclusion of the pre-purging stage.
Where the main burner is ignited by means of a pilot burner, the liquid fuel supply to the main burner shall
be shut off during ignition of the pilot burner. The burner input rating shall be such that the maximum
pressure in the combustion chamber/processing chamber and in the flue ways does not create a hazard
and hazardous situations in the pipework are prevented. The automatic shut-off valve(s) of the main
burner shall be opened only when the pilot burner flame has been proved.
Where air enriched with oxygen or oxygen alone is the oxidising agent for the combustion of a fuel,
(commonly called oxy/fuel firing), then the ignition procedures and times for such systems requires
specific additional design attention to ensure the equivalent levels of safety.

4.3.7.5 Maximum safety times

The ignition time shall not exceed the values given in Table 4.

28
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Table 4 — Maximum safety times

1 2 3 4
Direct main burner igni- Direct main burner ignition at Reduced rate Qs by
Heat input
tion at full rate reduced rate Qs pilot burner
tsmax in s tsmax in s
QF max in kW tsmax in s
Qsmax in % Qsmax in %
< 300 tsmax = 10 tsmax = 10 tsmax = 10
> 300 < 1 000 t smax = 5 tsmax = 5 tsmax = 5

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Qs ≤ 100 kW
Qs ≤ 1 000 kW
> 1 000 < 5 000 not allowed Qsmax ≤ 70 %
tsmax = 5
tsmax = 5
Qsmax ≤ 35 % Qsmax ≤ 50 %
> 5 000 not allowed
tsmax = 5 tsmax = 5
Qs = start heat input expressed as a percentage of QF max
Qsmax = maximum start heat input expressed as a percentage of QF max
QF max = maximum heat input in kilowatts
t smax = maximum safety time in seconds

Only if required for process reasons or special cases of equipment construction and if the above
mentioned ignition safety times cannot be used, the function and values of the ignition safety time shall
differ from those given in Table 4 provided the safety of the TPE is not endangered. In any case the safety
time shall not exceed 10 s.

4.3.7.6 Flame failure on start-up

In the event of failure occurs during the safety time, the burner shall go to lock-out.
However, re-cycling is acceptable providing equipment safety is not compromised (e.g. LFL-level in the
combustion chamber does not exceed 25 %). The conditions and the time delay between recycle and
the number of re-cycles, which shall not exceed two, shall be specified in the instruction handbook. Re-
cycle(s) shall be controlled by a protective system according to ISO 13577-4. If there is no flame signal at
the end of these re-cycles the burner shall go to lock-out.

4.3.7.7 Flame failure during operation

In the event of flame failure during operation, the burner shall go to lock-out.
However, safety shut-down is acceptable providing equipment safety is not compromised (e.g. LFL-level
in the combustion chamber does not exceed 25 %). Not more than one re-cycle shall be permitted, the
condition for which shall be specified in the instruction handbook. If there is no flame signal at the end
of this re-cycle, the failing burner shall go to lock-out.
The total closing time shall not exceed 3 s. However, in cases where there is no recycle without purge
and if the LFL-level in the combustion chamber does not exceed 25 % the total closing time shall not
exceed 5 s.
A recycle on a single burner system requires a complete recycle including pre-purge.

4.4 Multiple fuels

4.4.1 General

Equipment heated with multiple fuels may be fitted with burners supplied with two or more types of
fuel, i.e. gaseous, vapour, liquid, operating either simultaneously or separately.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

4.4.2 Fuel circuit

Each type of fuel shall be distributed to the burner(s) by means of an independent system. This system
shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of 4.2 and 4.3 as appropriate.
In particular, each burner shall be fitted with automatic shut-off valves for each type of fuel. In addition,
the flame supervision system shall be chosen in such that it complies with the specifications appropriate
to the types of fuel used.
Means shall be provided to ensure that the supply pipework of each individual fuel can be positively
isolated from the other fuels whether or not non-return valves are fitted.

4.4.3 Combustion air supplies

It is acceptable to use a common combustion air system for all fuels.

4.4.4 Operation of the safety devices

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Where malfunctions that affect only one type of fuel occur, the individual safety shut-off device relating
to that fuel shall close.
Where a fuel supports the combustion of other fuels, the safety device of the assisted fuel shall also
operate as intended.
Simultaneous closure of the safety shut-off devices installed for each type of fuel shall be ensured under
all other circumstances given in 4.2.2.6 and 4.3.2.8.

4.4.5 Air/fuel ratio

For each individual or combination of fuels, the requirements specified in 4.2.3.3 and 4.3.3.3 shall apply.
The air/fuel ratio control function shall meet the requirements of a protective system according to
ISO 13577-4 if applicable.

4.5 Oxygen or oxygen-enriched combustion air (OOECA)

4.5.1 General

For the purpose of subclause 4.5, oxygen or oxygen-enriched combustion air containing more than
25 % oxygen is named as oxygen. The application of oxygen or oxygen-enriched combustion air needs
particular consideration. Oxygen or oxygen-enriched air shall be released only when essential and in
a safe discharge area. The hazards related to the use and handling of oxygen shall be specified in the
instruction handbook.

4.5.2 Suitability for oxygen service

Due to the high ignition hazard of flammable material in contact with oxygen, all components coming
into contact with oxygen shall be prepared, cleaned and sufficiently free of flammable substances (e.g.
dust, grease, particulates) prior to start-up. They shall be suitable for oxygen service.

4.5.3 Sealing materials for oxygen pipework

Sealing materials shall be suitable for application at the particular pressure levels, installation methods
and operating temperatures and shall meet the safety requirements.
Suitable metallic sealing materials for oxygen pipework are those indicated in Table 6, Column 2.

30
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

4.5.4 Pipework

The design and material of pipework and their equipment and connections shall be suitable for oxygen
and the intended pressures, velocities and temperatures.
Suitable materials for pipework are those indicated in Table 6.
In case carbon steel or low-alloyed steel is used right angle impingement of gaseous oxygen onto the pipe
walls shall be avoided and the minimum bending radius shall be at least 5 times of its piping diameters.
Depending on the operating pressure the flow velocity shall be limited due to possible presence of
particulates. See 4.5.5
NOTE Reference [19] provides guidance on suitability assessments.

A manually operated isolation valve shall be fitted at the inlet of the TPE’s oxygen pipe system.
Filter(s) shall be fitted at the inlet of the oxygen pipe systems to prevent ingress of particulates (e.g.
rust).

4.5.5 Pipes velocities

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Velocities for temperature between –10 °C and +200 °C shall not exceed the values specified in Table 5.

Table 5 — Pipe velocities for oxygen

Pressure Velocity
A) for carbon and stainless steels piping and impinging flow
0,3 MPa (abs) < P ≤ 1,5 MPa (abs) 30 m/s
1,5 MPa (abs) < P ≤ 10 MPa (abs) P × V = 45 MPa × m/s
10 MPa (abs) < P ≤ 20 MPa (abs) 4,5 m/s
B) for carbon and stainless steels piping and non-impinging flow
0,3 MPa (abs) < P ≤ 1,5 MPa (abs) 60 m/s
1,5 MPa (abs) < P ≤ 10 MPa (abs) P × V = 80 MPa × m/s
10 MPa (abs) < P ≤ 20 MPa (abs) 8 m/s
C) for copper, nickel, and copper/nickel alloys piping
up to 6,5 MPa no velocity limit

For piping after pressure reducing or control valves, the velocity for impinging flow shall be applied.
If the velocity for impinging flow is exceeded, the pipe shall be straight for a minimum length of 8 pipe
diameters and fabricated from stainless steel [wall thickness shall be ≥ 3,18 mm (≥1/8 inch)], copper,
nickel or Cu/Ni alloys.
For operating temperatures exceeding 200 °C or below −10 °C, these materials and conditions shall not
apply. In this case, the limits of use are to be specified in the instruction handbook.

4.5.6 Fittings

The design and material of fittings for gaseous oxygen such as automatic shut-off valves, control devices
and non-return valves shall be suitable for oxygen at the intended pressures and temperatures.
Suitable materials for housings and built-in parts of fittings and their sealing materials are those
indicated in Table 6.
Fittings for gaseous oxygen at an operating temperature exceeding 200 °C or below −10 °C shall be made
of materials which are suitable for these conditions.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

4.5.7 Blow off and venting lines

Oxygen line shall be vented to an area where the release of oxygen will not create a hazard.

4.5.8 Flexible tubing and couplings

Hoses, flexible pipes and connections shall be gas-tight.

Hoses and flexible pipes associated with manually operated torches shall be lockable in position by
means of fittings within the solidly laid piping. They shall be easily accessible.
Manual torches shall be equipped with a flash back arrestor and a lockable manual shut-off valve
upstream of the hose.

4.5.9 Safety devices against gas backflow

For oxygen pipework connected to other fluids, it shall be ensured that back-flow cannot occur.

4.5.10 Safety devices against oxygen backflow in mixture with other substances

If oxygen is mixed with other substances (e.g. fuel gas, air) it shall be ensured that back-flow cannot
occur.

4.5.11 Material requirements

Materials in contact with oxygen shall be suitable for the intended operating pressures and temperatures.
The installation method has to be selected to ensure that it will be safe in oxygen service.
The materials indicated in Table 6 (depending on the mounting location and the pressure) are suitable
for use with oxygen or oxygen enriched combustion air.

Table 6 — Materials requirements

Pressure range [MPa] Materials for housings, built-in components and seals
exceeding 4 copper, copper alloys with a mass proportion of at least 55 %, nickel, nickel-
wrought alloys with copper
high-alloy Cr-Ni-steels with a mass proportion of Cr and Ni of a total of at least 22 %
high-alloy Cr-Si-steels with a mass proportion of Cr of at least 22 %
0 up to 4 copper, copper alloys with a mass proportion of copper of at least 55 %
high-alloy Cr-Ni-steels with a mass proportion of Cr and Ni of a total of at least 22 %
high-alloy Cr-Si-steels with a mass proportion of Cr of at least 22 %
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

0 up to 1,6 grey cast iron, at least quality class GG 25, cast iron with nodular graphite, at least
quality class GGG 40
0 up to 1 metallic materials (except titanium, zirconium and their alloys)

Besides the metals indicated in Table 6, lead and tin may be used as metallic sealing materials for all
pressure ranges.
For gaseous oxygen at an operating temperature exceeding 200 °C or below −10 °C materials which are
suitable for these conditions shall be used.

5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures

Table 7 shall be used as a check list for manufacturers to prepare their own specific table of methods
used to verify that the safety requirements and measures described in Clause 4 are complied with and
contains references to the respective clauses of this part of ISO 13577.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Table 7 — Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures

Clause Safety requirements and/or measures Visual Func- Measur- Examina-

inspec- tional ing tion
tion test of draw-
Note 3
ings/ Calcu-
Note 1 Note 2
lations
Note 4
4.1 General
4.2 Gaseous fuels
4.2.1 Gas pipework
4.2.1.1 Pipework X X
4.2.1.2 Connections X X
4.2.1.3 Unconnected pipework X X
4.2.1.4 Galvanic Cells X X
4.2.1.5 Flexible tubing and couplings X X
4.2.1.6 Marking X

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.2.1.7 Soundness / Tightness X2 X
4.2.1.8 Condensate drains X X
4.2.1.9 Purge points X
4.2.1.10 Blow-off and breather pipes or conduits X X
4.2.1.11–1 Pressure relief devices on pipework X X1 X
4.2.1.11–2 Flame arrestors on pipework X X
4.2.1.12 Pressure oscillations X X
4.2.1.13 Equipment supplied with different fuel gases X X
4.2.1.14 By-pass X X
4.2.1.15 Isolation of required safety devices X X
4.2.2 Required safety devices
4.2.2.1 Manual isolating valve X X
4.2.2.2 Filter/strainer X X
4.2.2.3 Gas pressure regulator X X1 X
4.2.2.4 Low gas protection X X1 X
4.2.2.5 High gas protection X X1 X
4.2.2.6 Automatic shut-off valve X X1 X
4.2.2.7 Valve Proving X X1 X
4.2.2.8 Individual manual shut-off valves for burners X X
4.2.3 Combustion air and air/fuel ratio
NOTE 1 Visual inspection is carried out for testing the required characteristics and properties by visual study of the
delivered equipment and components.
NOTE 2 The functional test will show whether the parts in question function in such a way as to satisfy the requirements.
“X” means test as described in this part of ISO 13577,
“X1” means functional test according to device manufactures specification,
“X2” means functional test as described in the instruction handbook.
NOTE 3 Verification by means of measuring instruments is used to check whether the requirements are fulfilled within the
specific limits.
NOTE 4 Drawings and calculations are used to check whether the design characteristics of the components used the
specific requirements.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Table 7 (continued)
Clause Safety requirements and/or measures Visual Func- Measur- Examina-
inspec- tional ing tion
tion test of draw-
Note 3
ings/ Calcu-
Note 1 Note 2
lations
Note 4
4.2.3.1 Combustion air system X X
4.2.3.2 Air and gas flow and pressure detectors X X1 X
4.2.3.3 Air/ fuel ratio X X1/X2 X
4.2.4 Supply of pre-mixed fuel gas/air
4.2.4.1 Mixture pipework X X
4.2.4.2 Air and gas supply to the mixture circuit X X1/X2 X
4.2.5 Burners
4.2.5.1 Main burners X X
4.2.5.2 Radiant Tube burner systems X X
4.2.5.3 Ignition device / pilot burner X X2 X
4.2.5.4 Burner capacity control X X2 X
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

4.2.5.5 Flue gas venting X X

4.2.6 Automatic burner control systems
4.2.6.1 General X X
4.2.6.2 Low-temperature equipment X X
4.2.6.3 High-temperature equipment X X2 X
4.2.6.4 Automatic burner control systems for burners X X
operating in the open air
4.2.7 Start-up of the heating system and burner ignition
4.2.7.1 Pre-purging of the combustion chamber X2 X
4.2.7.2 Start-up of the fuel supply X X2 X
4.2.7.3 Start fuel flow rate X X2 X
4.2.7.4 Ignition X X2 X
4.2.7.5 Maximum safety times for natural draught burn- X X
ers
4.2.7.6 Maximum safety times for forced and induced X X
draught burners
4.2.7.7 Flame failure on start-up X2 X
4.2.7.8 Flame failure during operation X2 X
4.3 Liquid fuels
NOTE 1 Visual inspection is carried out for testing the required characteristics and properties by visual study of the
delivered equipment and components.
NOTE 2 The functional test will show whether the parts in question function in such a way as to satisfy the requirements.
“X” means test as described in this part of ISO 13577,
“X1” means functional test according to device manufactures specification,
“X2” means functional test as described in the instruction handbook.
NOTE 3 Verification by means of measuring instruments is used to check whether the requirements are fulfilled within the
specific limits.
NOTE 4 Drawings and calculations are used to check whether the design characteristics of the components used the
specific requirements.

34
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Table 7 (continued)
Clause Safety requirements and/or measures Visual Func- Measur- Examina-
inspec- tional ing tion
tion test of draw-
Note 3
ings/ Calcu-
Note 1 Note 2
lations
Note 4
4.3.1 Liquid fuel pipework
4.3.1.1 General X X
4.3.1.2 Connections X X
4.3.1.3 Unconnected pipework X X
4.3.1.4 Flexible tubing and couplings X X
4.3.1.5 Marking X X
4.3.1.6 Soundness / Tightness X2 X
4.3.1.7 Fuel pipe heating X X
4.3.1.8 By-passes X X
4.3.1.9 Purge points X X
4.3.1.10 Equipment supplied with different liquid fuels X X
4.3.2 Required safety devices
4.3.2.1 Manual isolating valve X X

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.3.2.2 Filter/strainer X X
4.3.2.3 Pressure relief valve X X2 X X
4.3.2.4 Liquid fuel pressure regulator X X1/X2 X
4.3.2.5 Pressure regulation of auxiliary fluids X X2 X
4.3.2.6 Liquid fuel pressure protection X1 X
4.3.2.7 Liquid fuel temperature protection X2 X
4.3.2.8 Automatic shut-off valves X X1 X
4.3.2.9 Automatic shut-off valves for multiple burners X X1 X
4.3.2.10 Individual manual shut-off valves for multiple X X
burners
4.3.3 Combustion air and air fuel/ratio
4.3.3.1 Combustion air system X X
4.3.3.2 Air flow and pressure detector X X1 X
4.3.3.3 Air/Fuel ratio X X1/X2
4.3.4 Liquid fuel atomisation X X
4.3.5 Burners
NOTE 1 Visual inspection is carried out for testing the required characteristics and properties by visual study of the
delivered equipment and components.
NOTE 2 The functional test will show whether the parts in question function in such a way as to satisfy the requirements.
“X” means test as described in this part of ISO 13577,
“X1” means functional test according to device manufactures specification,
“X2” means functional test as described in the instruction handbook.
NOTE 3 Verification by means of measuring instruments is used to check whether the requirements are fulfilled within the
specific limits.
NOTE 4 Drawings and calculations are used to check whether the design characteristics of the components used the
specific requirements.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Table 7 (continued)
Clause Safety requirements and/or measures Visual Func- Measur- Examina-
inspec- tional ing tion
tion test of draw-
Note 3
ings/ Calcu-
Note 1 Note 2
lations
Note 4
4.3.5.1 Main burners X X
4.3.5.2 Ignition system X X2 X
4.3.5.3 Permanent pilots X X2 X
4.3.5.4 Burner capacity control X X2 X
4.3.5.5 Flue gas venting X X
4.3.6 Automatic burner control systems
4.3.6.1 General X X
4.3.6.2 Low-temperature equipment X X

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.3.6.3 High-temperature equipment X X2 X
4.3.7 Start-up of the heating system and burner ignition
4.3.7.1 Pre-purging of the combustion chamber X2 X
4.3.7.2 Start-up of the fuel supply X X2 X
4.3.7.3 Start fuel flow rate X X2 X
4.3.7.4 Ignition X X2 X
4.3.7.5 Maximum safety times X X
4.3.7.6 Flame failure on start-up X2 X
4.3.7.7 Flame failure during operation X2 X
4.4 Multiple fuels
4.4.1 General X X
4.4.2 Fuel circuit X X
4.4.3 Combustion air supplies X X
4.4.4 Operation of the safety devices X X2 X
4.4.5 Air/fuel ratio X1/X2 X
4.5 Oxygen or oxygen-enriched combustion air (OOECA)
4.5.1 General X X
4.5.2 Suitability for oxygen service X X
4.5.3 Sealing materials for oxygen pipework X
4.5.4 Pipework X X
4.5.5 Pipes velocities X X
NOTE 1 Visual inspection is carried out for testing the required characteristics and properties by visual study of the
delivered equipment and components.
NOTE 2 The functional test will show whether the parts in question function in such a way as to satisfy the requirements.
“X” means test as described in this part of ISO 13577,
“X1” means functional test according to device manufactures specification,
“X2” means functional test as described in the instruction handbook.
NOTE 3 Verification by means of measuring instruments is used to check whether the requirements are fulfilled within the
specific limits.
NOTE 4 Drawings and calculations are used to check whether the design characteristics of the components used the
specific requirements.

36
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Table 7 (continued)
Clause Safety requirements and/or measures Visual Func- Measur- Examina-
inspec- tional ing tion
tion test of draw-
Note 3
ings/ Calcu-
Note 1 Note 2
lations
Note 4
4.5.6 Fittings X X
4.5.7 Blow off and venting lines X
4.5.8 Flexible tubing and couplings X X
4.5.9 Safety devices against gas backflow X X
4.5.10 Safety devices against oxygen backflow in mixture X X
with other substances
4.5.11 Material requirements X
NOTE 1 Visual inspection is carried out for testing the required characteristics and properties by visual study of the
delivered equipment and components.
NOTE 2 The functional test will show whether the parts in question function in such a way as to satisfy the requirements.
“X” means test as described in this part of ISO 13577,
“X1” means functional test according to device manufactures specification,
“X2” means functional test as described in the instruction handbook.
NOTE 3 Verification by means of measuring instruments is used to check whether the requirements are fulfilled within the
specific limits.
NOTE 4 Drawings and calculations are used to check whether the design characteristics of the components used the
specific requirements.

6 Information for Use

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6.1 General
The manufacturer of the TPE shall provide an instruction handbook which contains the necessary
information for the combustion and fuel handling system. The format and content shall comply with 6.4
of ISO 12100:2010.
The information for use shall be written in the user’s language and shall contain one copy in the original
language chosen by the manufacturer.
The information for use shall contain details for commissioning, start-up and use together with
information for test procedure and general maintenance and the intended use defined by the
manufacturer.

6.2 Marking
The minimum information marked on the TPE is given in Clause 6 of ISO 13577-1:2012.
The pipework shall be identified by colour and/or sign.

6.3 Instruction handbook

6.3.1 General

For the combustion and fuel handling system the instruction handbook of the TPE shall at least contain
the following details:
— exact description of the combustion and fuel handling system of the TPE and of the safety equipment;

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

— instructions for use and requirements for the training of personnel;

— complete range of application of the combustion and fuel handling system of the TPE (tolerable
range of application, if necessary);
— schematic description of the safety functions.
Moreover, the following aspects are to be treated by the instruction handbook:
— operation of combustion and fuel handling system of the TPE only by competent personnel according
to the conditions of use defined by the manufacturer;
— information on correct work place of operator.
This handbook shall deal with start-up, operation, normal and emergency shut-down.

6.3.2 Description of equipment

The instruction handbook shall contain the following information:

— a description of the combustion and fuel handling system, including as built schematic diagrams of
pipework and electrical wiring;
— a list of all safety and control equipment parts with their settings and an indication of the relevant
standards;
— a list of equipment settings/adjustments as made during final commissioning;
— a description of any deviations from the requirements of relevant standards in the construction
and/or function of parts of the combustion and fuel handling system;
— the requirements for handling the waste products of combustion from the TPE.
All the information given on the marking plate(s) shall be repeated together with information relevant
to combustion and fuel handling.

6.3.3 Inspection procedures

The instruction handbook shall contain details of inspection intervals and periodic checking procedures
for:
— leak tightness test of the complete system (as per 4.2.1.7 and 4.3.1.6);
— leak tightness of all pipework; periodic checking of leak tightness should be carried out at intervals to
be determined by consideration of the operating conditions, fuel type and material of construction;
— leak tightness of the TPE and the flue ducts in cases where pressurized combustion is used;
— leak tightness check of the valves;
— leak tightness check of the filter / filter and/or the strainer;
— all safety equipment, especially automatic burner control systems, warning devices and safety shut-
off valves;
— combustion quality (e.g. temperatures and/or combustion products analysis), if applicable;
— safety functions in order to ensure that these functions are not impaired by concealed faults or
errors.
A documentation form shall be included in which the date, the results and the person who carried out
the checks are recorded together with the date of the next inspection.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

6.3.4 Commissioning, start-up and operating procedures

The instruction handbook shall provide details of the procedure for commissioning, start up, including
preliminary checks (e.g. cleaning of pipework), description of conditions and a list of manually and
automatically operated system checks, e.g. opening equipment doors, if applicable.
Attention shall be drawn to the necessity of ensuring that the pipework is free of debris, welding slag,
etc. after initial commissioning, before the equipment is put into service, after maintenance or long
periods of shutdown.
The instruction handbook shall provide information on special allowances or requirements for:
— pre-purge, e.g. deviation of pre-purge times from standardized conditions in justified cases or
waiting time between ignition attempts in the case of natural draught burners;
— the exhausting of combustion products;
— the conditions for automatic restart, if applicable;
— the conditions for, and the number of permitted re-cycles.

6.3.5 Shut-down procedures

The instruction handbook shall provide information on any special requirements necessary before
fuel shut-off (e.g. evacuation or combustion of flammable atmospheres), and after fuel shut-off (e.g.
continuous venting to avoid overheating or blocking of flue dampers in the open position), together with
a description of measures to be taken in the event of a safety shut-down.
The instruction handbook shall set down any special requirements for lock-out and/or emergency shut-
down and any special measures for subsequent restart.
An information sheet containing the information required by this subclause shall be provided for display
at the equipment control panel or at a defined nearest place.

6.3.6 Maintenance procedures

The instruction handbook shall contain details of the maintenance intervals and procedures for all parts
that require maintenance, replacement and/or repair of items of safety equipment.
Safety equipment shall be replaced before its useful life time has expired.

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
The instruction handbook shall specify the suitable cleaning methods and agents for the cleaning of
oxygen systems.
Documentation forms with dates of last and next maintenance and the contact information (such as
addresses, telephone, fax numbers, e-mail, website and helpdesk coordinates) of maintenance and repair
services shall be provided.

6.3.7 Documentation

Provision shall be made for recording revisions to the instruction handbook in the event of modification
of the equipment (e.g. by repair, modernisation or replacement of parts, change of operating conditions).

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Annex A
(informative)

List of significant hazards

Table A.1

1 2 3 4 5
Relevant clauses of Relevant clauses of
Cl. Hazards Location
ISO 13577-1:2012 this part of ISO 13577
Hazards, hazardous situation and hazardous events
1 Mechanical Hazards
1.1 High pressure fluid injection or Pipework 4.2.7 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.2, 4.2.1.5,
ejection hazard 4.2.1.7, 4.2.2.3, 4.3.1.1,
4.3.1.2, 4.3.1.4, 4.3.1.6,
4.3.2.3, 4.5.4, 4.5.6
2 Electrical Hazards
2.1 Electrical contact direct or Control system, power 4.3.2 4.1
indirect with live parts supply to the machine
and connectors
2.2 Electrostatic phenomena 4.3.3
3. Thermal hazards, resulting in:
3.1 Burns and other injuries by Burners 4.4.1, 4.4.4
a possible contact of persons
Environment of the
with objects or materials with
TPE
an extreme high-temperature,
by flames or explosions and
also by the radiation of heat
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

sources.
3.2 Damage to health by hot work- Environment of the 4.4.5, 6.4.15
ing environment TPE
4 Hazards caused by interruption of energy supply
4.1 Malfunction or break up of Burner and accessories 4.2.2.6; 4.3.2.8
components
4.2 Malfunction or break down of Control system 4.3.6
control system
4.3 unexpected start-up Control system 4.3.6
5 Hazards caused by (temporary) missing and/or incorrectly positioned safety related measures/
means
5.1 Specific hazard of maintenance Burners, fans, piping, 4
and adjusting duct, control system
6 Hazards generated by materials and substances processed or used by the machinery
6.1 Hazards from contact with or Exhaust gases evacuat- 4.2.1.10, 4.2.2.4,
inhalation of harmful fluids, ing system 4.2.2.5, 4.2.3.3, 4.2.5.5
gases, mists, fumes, and dusts. 4.3.1.1, 4.3.1.2, 4.3.3.3,
Combustion chamber
4.3.5.5, 4.4.5, 4.5.1
6.2 Fire or explosion hazard Burners, fans, piping, 4.4.3.1, 4.4.3.2 4
duct, control system,
combustion chamber

40
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Table A.1 (continued)

1 2 3 4 5
Relevant clauses of Relevant clauses of
Cl. Hazards Location
ISO 13577-1:2012 this part of ISO 13577
7 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinery design, as e.g. hazards
from:
7.1 Hazard of mismatch of design, Pipework 4.12.2 4.2.2.1, 4.3.2.1
location or identification of Control system
manual controls

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Annex B
(informative)

Typical examples of fuels

B.1 Classification of fuels

The classifications below are given as typical examples only and should not be considered as limitations
to this part of ISO 13577 where all gaseous and liquid fuels apply.

B.2 Gaseous fuels

Gases likely to be used are classified following ISO 6976 into three families in accordance with their
Wobbe index:
— 1st family (manufactured gases: e.g. town gas);
— 2nd family (natural gases);
— 3rd family (liquefied petroleum gases);
— other gaseous fuels.

B.3 Liquid fuels

Liquid petroleum fuels likely to be used can be classified into different categories in accordance with the
value of their viscosity:
— gas-oil fuel-oils;
— light fuel-oils;
— medium fuel-oils;
— heavy fuel-oils;
— very heavy fuel-oils;
— other liquid fuels.

42
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Annex C
(informative)

Typical example of piping and components

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

1-06
PI PI
1-03 1-07
XZA
1-11
PZL PZH
1-04 1-05 1-08 1-09

1-01 1-02 1-23 1-25

Gas
1-22 1-22

PI
BZA
2-03
3-02
3-01
PZL PDZ
2-04 2-05 2-06

2-08
Air
2-02
2-01

Key
1–01 manual isolating valve
1–02 filter/strainer
1–03 pressure indicator (PI) upstream with gauge cock
1–04 overpressure cut-off device
1–05 gas pressure regulator
1–06 relief valve
1–07 pressure indicator (PI) downstream with gauge cock
1–08 low gas protection (PZL)
1–09 high gas protection (PZH)
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

1–11 automatic valve proving (XZA)

1–22 burner automatic shut-off valve
1–23 pneumatic air/gas ratio control
1–25 gas flow adjustment for burner

2–01 combustion air fan

2–02 air inlet filter
2–03 pressure indicator (PI) with gauge cock
2–04 air pressure detector (PZL)
2–05 air flow detector (PDZ)
2–06 air flow control valve with motor (M)
2–08 air flow adjustment valve for burner

3–01 burner
3–02 automatic burner control/automatic burner control system (BZA)

Figure C.1 — Single burner equipment

44
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

XZA
1-11 BZA

1-06
PI PI 3-02
1-03 1-07
1-21 1-25

PZL PZH 1-22 1-22 3-01

1-04 1-05 1-08 1-09

1-01 1-02
Gas XZA
1-11 BZA
3-02

PI 1-21 1-25
2-03
1-22 1-22 3-01
PZL PDZ
2-04 2-05

Air
2-02
2-01

Key
1–01 manual isolating valve
1–02 filter/strainer
1–03 pressure indicator (PI) upstream with gauge cock
1–04 overpressure cut off device
1–05 gas pressure regulator
1–06 relief valve
1–07 pressure indicator (PI) downstream with gauge cock
1–08 low gas protection (PZL)
1–09 high gas protection (PZH)
1–11 automatic valve proving (XZA)
1–21 burner manual shut-off valve
1–22 burner automatic shut-off valve
1–25 gas flow adjustment for burner

2–01 combustion air fan

2–02 air inlet filter
2–03 pressure indicator (PI) with gauge cock
2–04 air pressure detector (PZL)
2–05 air flow detector (PDZ)

3–01 burner
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

3–02 automatic burner control/automatic burner control system (BZA)

Figure C.2a — Multiple burner equipment –Central pipework – Example a two burners system

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

1-22 1-22 BZA

1-06
PI PI 3-02
1-03 1-07 1-21

XZA 3-01
PZL PZH 1-11
1-04 1-05 1-08 1-09 1-22 1-22 BZA
3-02
1-01 1-02 1-21
Gas
1-10 3-01

1-22 1-22 BZA

3-02
PI
1-21
2-03
3-01
PZL PDZ
2-04 2-05

Air
2-02
2-01

Key
1–01 manual isolating valve
1–02 filter/strainer
1–03 pressure indicator (PI) upstream with gauge cock
1–04 overpressure cut-off device
1–05 gas pressure regulator
1–06 relief valve
1–07 pressure indicator (PI) downstream with gauge cock
1–08 low gas protection (PZL)
1–09 high gas protection (PZH)
1–10 central automatic shut-off valve
1–11 automatic valve proving (XZA)
1–21 burner manual shut-off valve
1–22 burner automatic shut-off valve

2–01 combustion air fan

2–02 air inlet filter
2–03 pressure indicator (PI) with gauge cock
2–04 air pressure detector (PZL)
2–05 air flow detector (PDZ)

3–01 burner
3–02 automatic burner control/automatic burner control system (BZA)

Figure C.2b — Multiple burner equipment – Central pipework – Example b

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

46
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

1-22 1-22 BZA

1-06
PI PI 3-02
1-03 1-07 1-21

XZA 3-01
PZL PZH 1-11
1-04 1-05 1-08 1-09 1-22 1-22 BZA
3-02
1-01 1-02 1-21
Gas
1-10 1-10 3-01

1-22 1-22 BZA

3-02
PI
1-21
2-03
3-01
PZL PDZ
2-04 2-05

Air
2-02
2-01

Key
1–01 manual isolating valve
1–02 filter/strainer
1–03 pressure indicator (PI) upstream with gauge cock
1–04 overpressure cut-off device
1–05 gas pressure regulator
1–06 relief valve
1–07 pressure indicator (PI) downstream with gauge cock
1–08 low gas protection (PZL)
1–09 high gas protection (PZH)
1–10 central automatic shut-off valve
1–11 automatic valve proving (XZA)
1–21 burner manual shut-off valve
1–22 burner automatic shut-off valve

2–01 combustion air fan

2–02 air inlet filter
2–03 pressure indicator (PI) with gauge cock
2–04 air pressure detector (PZL)
2–05 air flow detector (PDZ)

3–01 burner
3–02 automatic burner control/automatic burner control system (BZA)

Figure C.2c — Multiple burner equipment – Central pipework – Example c

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

BZA
3-02
1-25
1-13 1-13
3-01
1-12 1-25

3-01
1-10 1-13 1-13
1-25
1-12
3-01

1-13 1-13

1-12
PI
2-03

PZL PDZ
2-04 2-05
Air

2-02
2-01

Key
1–10 central automatic shut-off valve
1–12 zone isolating valve
1–13 zone automatic shut-off valve
1–25 gas flow adjustment for burner

2–01 combustion air fan

2–02 air inlet filter
2–03 pressure indicator (PI) with gauge cock
2–04 air pressure detector (PZL)
2–05 air flow detector (PDZ)

3–01 burner
3–02 automatic burner control/automatic burner control system (BZA)
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Figure C.3a — Multiple burner equipment – Zone pipework – Example a

48
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

BZA
3-02
1-25
1-13 1-13
3-01
1-23
1-12 1-25

3-01
1-10
1-25

3-01

PI
2-03

PZL PDZ
2-04 2-05 2-06
Air

2-02
2-01

Key
1–10 central automatic shut-off valve
1–12 zone isolating valve
1–13 zone automatic shut-off valve
1–23 pneumatic air/gas ratio control
1–25 gas flow adjustment for burner

2–01 combustion air fan

2–02 air inlet filter
2–03 pressure indicator (PI) with gauge cock
2–04 air pressure detector (PZL)
2–05 air flow detector (PDZ)
2–06 air flow control valve with motor (M)

3–01 burner
3–02 automatic burner control/automatic burner control system (BZA)

Figure C.3b — Multiple burner equipment – Zone pipework – Example b

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Copyright International Organization for Standardization 49
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

BZA
3-02
1-25
1-13 1-13
3-01
1-12 1-25

3-01
1-10
1-25

3-01

PI
2-03

PZL PDZ
2-04 2-05
Air

2-02
2-01
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

1-24

Key
1–10 central automatic shut-off valve
1–12 zone isolating valve
1–13 zone automatic shut-off valve (SV)
1–24 electronic air/gas ratio control
1–25 gas flow adjustment for burner

2–01 combustion air fan

2–02 air inlet filter
2–03 pressure indicator (PI) with gauge cock
2–04 air pressure detector (PZL)
2–05 air flow detector (PDZ)

3–01 burner
3–02 automatic burner control/automatic burner control system (BZA)

Figure C.3c — Multiple burner equipment – Zone pipework – Example c

50
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

1-06
XZA
1-11

1-04 1-05
1-12 1-02 1-12 1-12 1-12 1-12 1-12

1-10 1-10

PI PI
1-03 1-07
Gas 1-01
PZL
1-08

1-06
PZH XZA
1-09 1-11

1-04 1-05 1-10

1-12 1-02 1-12 1-12 1-12 1-12 1-12

1-10

Key
1–01 manual isolating valve
1–02 filter/strainer
1–03 pressure indicator (PI) upstream with gauge cock

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1–04 overpressure cut-off device
1–05 gas pressure regulator
1–06 relief valve
1–07 pressure indicator (PI) downstream with gauge cock
1–08 low gas protection (PZL)
1–09 high gas protection (PZH)
1–10 central automatic shut-off valve
1–11 automatic valve proving (XZA)
1–12 zone isolating valve

Figure C.4 — Redundant central pipework

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

3-03
1-21 1-23 1-25
Gas
1-22 1-22

BZA
3-02
3-01

3-03
2-08
Air
2-07

Key
1–21 burner manual shut-off valve
1–22 burner automatic shut-off valve)
1–23 pneumatic air/gas ratio control
1–25 gas flow adjustment for burner

2–07 air flow valve for burner

2–08 air flow adjustment valve for burner

3–01 burner
3–02 automatic burner control/automatic burner control system (BZA)
3–03 compensator

Figure C.5 — Impulse firing installation (burner pipework)

52 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

BZA BZA
3-02 3-02

1-21 1-25 3-01 3-01 1-25

Gas
1-22 1-22 1-22 1-22
3-04 3-04

Air
2-07 2-07

3-05

3-05
1-24

Flue gas
3-06
3-07

Key
1–21 burner manual shut-off valve
1–22 burner automatic shut-off valve
1–24 electronic air/gas ratio control
1–25 gas flow adjustment for burner

2–07 air flow valve for burner

3–01 burner
3–02 automatic burner control/automatic burner control system (BZA)
3–04 regenerator
3–05 flue gas valve
3–06 flue gas flow control valve with motor (M)
3–07 flue gas fan

Figure C.6 — regenerative burner pipework --`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Figure C.7 — Draft breaks

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

54
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Annex D
(informative)

Methods for burner start-up

Key
1 burner
3 ignition
4 1st shut-off valve
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

5 2nd shut-off valve

tS safety time

Figure D.1 — Direct main burner ignition at full rate

(see Table 3, Column 2, QF max ≤ 120 kW)

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Key
1 burner 1 burner
3 ignition 3 ignition
4 1st shut-off valve 4 1st shut-off valve
5 2nd shut-off valve slow opening 5 2nd shut-off valve
9 air/gas ratio control (PDCV)
10 air valve slow opening

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
tS safety time tS safety time

Figures D.2 and D.2a — Direct main burner ignition at reduced rate with slow opening valve
(see Table 3, Column 3, QF max ≤ 360 kW)

56
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Key
1 burner 1 burner
3 ignition 3 ignition
4 1st shut-off valve 4 1st shut-off valve
5 2nd shut-off valve 5 2nd shut-off valve
6 by-pass shut-off valve 6 by-pass shut-off valve
tS safety time tS safety time

Figures D.3 and D.4 — Direct main burner ignition at reduced rate with by-pass start gas supply
(see Table 3, Column 4)

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 57
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Key
1 burner 1 burner
3 ignition 3 ignition
4 1st shut-off valve 4 1st shut-off valve
5 2nd shut-off valve 5 2nd shut-off valve
8 electronic air/gas ratio control with motor (M) 9 air/gas ratio control (PDCV)
10 air flow control valve with motor (M)
tS safety time tS safety time

Figures D.5 and D.6 — Direct main burner ignition at reduced rate with limited start gas input
(see Table 3, Column 4)
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Key
1 burner 1 burner
2 pilot burner 2 pilot burner
3 ignition 3 ignition
4 1st shut-off valve 4 1st shut-off valve
5 2nd shut-off valve 4 2nd shut-off valve
7 pilot burner shut-off valve 7 pilot burner shut-off valve
tS1 safety time 1 tS1 safety time 1
tS2 safety time 2 tS2 safety time 2

Figures D.7 and D.8 — Main burner ignition with independent pilot burner
(see Table 3, Column 5, QF max ≤ 120 kW)

58
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Key
1 burner 1 burner
2 pilot burner 2 pilot burner
3 ignition 3 ignition
4 1st shut-off valve 4 1st shut-off valve
5 2nd shut-off valve 5 2nd shut-off valve
7 pilot burner shut-off valve 7 pilot burner shut-off valve
tS1 safety time 1 tS1 safety time 1
tS2 safety time 2 tS2 safety time 2

Figures D.9 and D.10 — Main burner ignition with independent pilot burner
(see Table 3, Column 5, QF max ≤ 360 kW)

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved 59

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Key
1 burner 1 burner
2 pilot burner 2 pilot burner
3 ignition 3 ignition
4 1st shut-off valve 4 1st shut-off valve
5 2nd shut-off valve 5 2nd shut-off valve
6 by-pass shut-off valve 6 by-pass shut-off valve
7 pilot burner shut-off valve 7 pilot burner shut-off valve
tS1 safety time 1 tS1 safety time 1
tS2 safety time 2 tS2 safety time 2

Figures D.11 and D.12 — Main burner ignition with independent pilot burner
(see Table 3, Column 5)
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,`

60
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Key
1 burner 1 burner
2 pilot burner 2 pilot burner
3 ignition 3 ignition
4 1st shut-off valve 4 1st shut-off valve
5 2nd shut-off valve 5 2nd shut-off valve
7 pilot burner shut-off valve 7 pilot burner shut-off valve
8 electronic air/gas ratio control with motors (M) 9 air/gas ratio control (PDCV)
10 air flow control valve with motor (M)
tS1 safety time 1 tS1 safety time 1
tS2 safety time 2 tS2 safety time 2

Figures D.13 and D.14 — Main burner ignition with independent pilot burner
(see Table 3, Column 5)

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Annex E
(normative)

Maximum allowed pressure

This part of ISO 13577 covers the pressure hazard of piping forming an integral part of combustion and
fuel handling systems of TPE intended to be subjected to a maximum allowable pressure of not more
than 50 kPa.
For piping with a maximum allowable pressure of more than 50 kPa, the pressure hazard is covered in
the following cases:
a) gases, liquefied gases, gases dissolved under pressure, vapours and also those liquids whose vapour
pressure at the maximum allowable temperature is greater than 50 kPa above normal atmospheric
pressure, (101,3 kPa) at the following limits:
— for Group 1
— DN 25 and included;
— DN × PS (kPa) = 1,0 × 105 kPa for DN 25 up to 100 and included (see Figure E.1),
— for Group 2
— DN 100 and included;
— DN × PS (kPa) = 3,5 × 105 kPa for DN greater than 100 (See Figure E.2).
b) liquids having a vapour pressure at the maximum allowable temperature of not more than 500 kPa
above normal atmospheric pressure (101,3 kPa) at the following limits:
— for Group 1
— DN 25 and included;
— DN × PS (kPa) = 2,0 × 105 kPa for DN 25 up to 200 and included;
— PS (kPa) = 1,0 × 103 kPa for DN greater than 200 (See Figure E.3),
— for Group 2
— DN 200 and included;
— PS (kPa) = 5,0 × 104 kPa for DN greater than 200 (See Figure E.4).
Group 1 comprises the following fluids:
— explosive;
— extremely flammable;
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

— highly flammable;
— flammable (where the maximum allowable temperature is above flashpoint);
— very toxic;
— toxic;
— oxidizing.

62
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Group 2 comprises all other fluids.

Figure E.1 — Piping referred to clause a) group 1 of Annex E

NOTE References to category 2 and 3 of this annex are mentioned for information only.

63
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Figure E.2 — Piping referred to clause a) group 2 of Annex E

NOTE References to category 2 and 3 of this annex are mentioned for information only.
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

64
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Figure E.3 — Piping referred to clause b) group 1 of Annex E

NOTE References to category 2 and 3 of this annex are mentioned for information only.

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 65
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure E.4 — Piping referred to clause b) group 2 of Annex E

NOTE References to category 2 and 3 of this annex are mentioned for information only.

66
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Annex F
(informative)

Examples for the determination of safety integrity level (SIL) using

the risk graph method

Several International Standards may be used for determination of the required safety integrity level
(SIL)/performance level (PL). For machinery, IEC 62061 was developed to determine the SIL while
IEC 61511 (all parts) was developed to determine the required SIL for process industry. Risk graph
methods for determining the SIL are given in both IEC standards. In addition, ISO 13849-1:2006 covers
the determination of a performance level PL and also includes a method to determine PL from SIL
(ISO 13849-1:2006, Table 4).
Table F.1 shows an example of SIL/PL determination according to IEC 62061/ISO 13849-1:2006, Table 4.
This SIL determination is done according to IEC 62061:2005, Figure A.3. The PL is determined in
accordance with Table 4 in ISO 13849-1:2006 which shows the relationship between PL and SIL.
Table F.2 shows an example of SIL determination according to the second edition of IEC 61511 (all parts)1).
The values given in Table F.1 and Table F.2 refer to typical TPE. The required SIL/PL levels might vary
dependent on the individual risk assessment.
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

1) To be published.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)
Table F.1 — Example of SIL/PL determination according to IEC 62061 and ISO 13849-1:2006, Table 4

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

68
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 --`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Table F.1 — (continued)

Provided by IHS Markit under license with AENOR

Hazardous event Safety Related Control Function Consequences Probability of Class Integrity Comments
SRCF

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

(SRCF) occurrence
No. Description Description Se Fr Pr Av Cl SIL PL

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Fuel gas supply pressure Pressure switch or pressure trans- 4.2.2.4: Low gas protection
too low mitter is monitoring the gas pres-
Hazards: explosion, poisoning,
sure, and in combination with the

© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

01 4 5 2 1 8 2 d CO caused by excess air opera-
logic circuit brings the plant to a
tion of the burner
safe state if the pressure decreases
below a safe level.
Fuel gas pressure too Pressure switch or pressure 4.2.2.5: High gas protection,
high, transmitter is monitoring the gas Hazards: explosion, fire, poi-
pressure, and in combination with soning, incomplete combustion
02 failure of upstream regu- 4 5 2 3 10 2 d
the logic circuit brings the plant
lator
to a safe state if the pressure rises
above a safe level.
Liquid fuel pressure too Pressure switch or pressure trans- 4.3.2.6: Liquid fuel pressure
high mitter is monitoring the liquid protection, Hazards: explosion,
pressure, and in combination with fire, poisoning, incomplete
03 4 5 2 3 10 2 d
the logic circuit brings the plant combustion
to a safe state if the pressure rises
above a safe level.
Liquid fuel pressure too Pressure switch or pressure trans- 4.3.2.6: Liquid fuel pressure

Not for Resale, 05/25/2018 23:27:23 MDT

low mitter is monitoring the gas pres- protection, Hazards: bad atom-
sure, and in combination with the izing, soot, bad combustion, CO
04 4 5 2 3 10 2 d
logic circuit brings the plant to a caused by excess air operation
safe state if the pressure decreases (light oil)
below a safe level.
Liquid fuel temperature Thermostat or temperature trans- 4.3.2.7: Liquid fuel temperature
too high mitter is monitoring the liquid protection, Hazards: explosion,
temperature, and in combination fire, poisoning, incomplete
05 4 5 2 3 10 2 d
with the logic circuit brings the combustion

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plant to a safe state if the tempera-
ture rises above a safe level.
ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

69
 Table F.1 (continued)

70
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Hazardous event Safety Related Control Function Consequences Probability of Class Integrity Comments
SRCF
(SRCF) occurrence
No. Description Description Se Fr Pr Av Cl SIL PL

Provided by IHS Markit under license with AENOR

Liquid fuel temperature Thermostat or temperature trans- 4.3.2.7: Liquid fuel temperature

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

too low mitter is monitoring the liquid protection, Hazards: bad atom-
ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

temperature, and in combination izing, soot, bad combustion
06 2 5 2 3 10 OM -
with the logic circuit brings the
plant to a safe state if the tempera-
ture decreases below a safe level.
Atomizing fluid pressure A pressure sensing device is moni- 4.3.2.8: Automatic shut-off
outside safe operating toring the atomizing fluid pres- valves
range sure, and in combination with the
07 4 5 2 1 8 2 d Hazard: explosion, fire, bad
logic circuit brings the plant into a
atomizing, bad combustion
safe state if the pressure is outside
the tolerable pressure range
Failure of heat transfer Flow, pressure, temperature, 4.2.2.6/4.3.2.8: Automatic shut-
fluid position or level sensors in com- off valves
bination with a logic system are
08 4 5 2 3 10 2 d Hazard: overheating, poison-
detecting if the heat transfer fluid
ing, fire
is sufficient. If not the plant is
brought into a safe state.
Failure of power supply A sensor for pressure, flow, voltage 4.2.2.6/4.3.2.8: Automatic shut-
and/or other utilities etc. in combination with a logic off valves,
used for operating valves bringing the plant into a safe state.
Hazard: explosion, fire, poison-
09 and other equipment 4 5 2 3 10 2 d
ing.

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essential for bringing the
plant into a safe state (e.g.
compressed air, steam)
Plant temperature A temperature sensor in combina- 4.2.2.6/4.3.2.8: Automatic shut-
exceeding the maximum tion with a logic system is moni- off valves,
allowable operating tem- toring the process temperature. If
10 4 5 2 3 10 2 d Hazard: fire, mechanical break
perature the temperature rises above the
down, injuries from hot parts.
safe level, it shall be brought into a
safe state.

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© ISO 2-Year – All rights reserved
 Table F.1 (continued)

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Hazardous event Safety Related Control Function Consequences Probability of Class Integrity Comments
SRCF

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

(SRCF) occurrence
No. Description Description Se Fr Pr Av Cl SIL PL

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Failure of valve proving A pressure sensing device or 4.2.2.7: Valve proving,
position device combined with a
Hazards: explosion, explosive
11 logic system is detecting if the gas 4 5 1 1 7 2 d
atmosphere

© ISO 2-Year – All rights reserved

system has a tolerable low leakage.
If not the start is prevented.
Combustion air pressure Pressure switch, pressure trans- 4.2.3.2/4.3.3.2: Air flow and

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
/ flow too low mitter or flow meter is monitor- pressure detectors,
ing the air pressure / flow, and in
Hazards: explosion, fire, poi-
12 combination with the logic circuit 4 5 2 3 10 2 d
soning, incomplete combustion
brings the plant to a safe state
if the pressure / flow decreases
below a safe level.
Air / gas ratio outside The correct air / gas ratio is con- 4.2.3.3/4.3.3.3: Air/fuel ratio,
safe operating range trolled by mechanical, pneumatic Hazard: explosion, fire, poison-
or electric systems. The electric ing.
13 4 5 4 5 14 3 e
ratio sensor combined with a logic
system shall bring the ratio to a
safe level.
Combustion chamber A pressure sensing device com- 4.2.5.5/4.3.5.5: Flue gas vent-

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pressure too high, bined with a logic system is detect- ing,
ing if the combustion chamber
14 failure of flue gas venting 3 5 2 3 10 1 c Hazard: poisoning, inhalation
pressure leads to a harmful flue
of harmful fluids.
gas escape and brings the plant
into a safe state.
Flame failure Each burner is supervised by a 4.2.6/4.3.6: Automatic burner
flame sensing device, which in control system,
combination with a logic system
15 4 5 4 5 14 3 e Hazards: explosion, fire
is bringing the burner or the plant

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into a safe state if the flame extin-
guish unwanted.
ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

71
 Table F.1 (continued)

72
Hazardous event Safety Related Control Function Consequences Probability of Class Integrity Comments
SRCF
(SRCF) occurrence
No. Description Description Se Fr Pr Av Cl SIL PL

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Temperature monitor- A temperature sensor combined 4.2.6.3/4.3.6.3: High tempera-

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

ing for high temperature with a logic system is detecting ture equipment,
ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

operation when the limit for high tempera-
Hazard: explosion, fire
16 ture equipment has been reached. 4 5 4 5 14 3 e
Only above this limit the high
temperature equipment functions
are released.
Air flow too low during Flow meter, differential pressure 4.2.7.1/4.3.7.1: Pre-purge,
purge switch or transmitter is monitor-
Hazards: explosion, insufficient
ing the air flow, and in combina-
17 4 5 2 3 10 2 d purging
tion with the logic circuit brings
the plant to a safe state if the flow
decreases below a safe level.
Start fuel flow rate too The position or state of a limit- 4.2.7.2/4.3.7.2: Start fuel flow
high ing device ensuring a safe burner rate,
18 ignition is monitored for correct 3 5 2 1 8 1 c Hazard: hard or failed burner
position. If not start is prevented.
start with possible high impact
of the construction.

Not for Resale, 05/25/2018 23:27:23 MDT

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© ISO 2-Year – All rights reserved
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Table F.2 — Example of SIL determination according to IEC 61511 (Ed. 2)

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

© ISO 2-Year – All rights reserved

Copyright International Organization for Standardization 73
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 Table F.2 — (continued)

74
SIF- Hazardous event Safety Instrumented Function Consequences Influence Demand Likeli- Integrity Hazard description
(SIF) hood
No. Description Description Harm C F P W Sum SIL SIL and comments

Provided by IHS Markit under license with AENOR

Copyright International Organization for Standardization
Fuel gas supply pres- Pressure switch or pressure H D 2 1 9 2 4.2.2.4: Low gas protection,
sure too low transmitter is monitoring the Hazards: explosion, poison-
E B 8 -
ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

gas pressure, and in combination ing, CO caused by excess air
01 6 2
with the logic circuit brings the 1 1 operation of the burner
plant to a safe state if the pres- F E 8 2
sure decreases below a safe level.
Fuel gas pressure Pressure switch or pressure H D 2 1 9 2 4.2.2.5: High gas protec-
too high, failure of transmitter is monitoring the tion, Hazards: explosion,
E B 8 -
upstream regulator gas pressure, and in combination fire, poisoning, incomplete
02 6 2
with the logic circuit brings the 1 1 combustion
plant to a safe state if the pres- F E 8 2
sure rises above a safe level.
Liquid fuel pressure too Pressure switch or pressure H D 2 1 9 2 4.3.2.6: Liquid fuel pres-
high transmitter is monitoring the liq- sure protection, Hazards:
E B 8 -
uid pressure, and in combination explosion, fire, poisoning,
03 6 2
with the logic circuit brings the 1 1 incomplete combustion
plant to a safe state if the pres- F E 8 2
sure rises above a safe level.
Liquid fuel pressure too Pressure switch or pressure H D 2 1 9 2 4.3.2.6: Liquid fuel pressure
low transmitter is monitoring the protection, Hazards: bad
E B 8 -
gas pressure, and in combination atomizing, soot, bad combus-
04 6 2
with the logic circuit brings the 1 1 tion, CO caused by excess air

Not for Resale, 05/25/2018 23:27:23 MDT

plant to a safe state if the pres- F E 8 2 operation (light oil)
sure decreases below a safe level.
Liquid fuel temperature Thermostat or temperature H D 2 1 9 2 4.3.2.7: Liquid fuel tempera-
too high transmitter is monitoring the ture protection, Hazards:
E B 8 -
liquid temperature, and in com- explosion, fire, poisoning,
05 bination with the logic circuit 6 2 incomplete combustion
brings the plant to a safe state 1 1
F E 8 2
if the temperature rises above a
safe level.

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© ISO 2-Year – All rights reserved
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
 Table F.2 (continued)

Provided by IHS Markit under license with AENOR

SIF- Hazardous event Safety Instrumented Function Consequences Influence Demand Likeli- Integrity Hazard description

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

(SIF) hood
No. Description Description Harm C F P W Sum SIL SIL and comments

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Liquid fuel temperature Thermostat or temperature H B 2 1 9 a 4.3.2.7: Liquid fuel tempera-
too low transmitter is monitoring the ture protection, Hazards:
E C 8 a
liquid temperature, and in com- bad atomizing, soot, bad

© ISO 2-Year – All rights reserved

06 bination with the logic circuit 6 0 combustion
brings the plant to a safe state if 1 1
F B 8 -
the temperature decreases below
a safe level.
Atomizing fluid pres- A pressure sensing device is H D 2 0 8 1 4.3.2.8: Automatic shut-off
sure outside safe oper- monitoring the atomizing fluid valves, Hazard: explosion,
E B 7 -
ating range pressure, and in combination fire, bad atomizing, bad
07 with the logic circuit brings 6 2 combustion
the plant into a safe state if the 1 0
F E 7 2
pressure is outside the tolerable
pressure range
Failure of heat transfer Flow, pressure, temperature, H D 2 1 9 2 4.2.2.6/4.3.2.8: Automatic
fluid position or level sensors in shut-off valves, Hazard:
E B 8 -
combination with a logic system overheating, poisoning, fire
08 6 2
are detecting if the heat transfer 1 1
fluid is sufficient. If not the plant F D 8 1
is brought into a safe state.

Not for Resale, 05/25/2018 23:27:23 MDT

Failure of power supply A sensor for pressure, flow, volt- H D 2 1 9 2 4.2.2.6/4.3.2.8: Automatic
and/or other utili- age etc. in combination with a shut-off valves, Hazard:
E B 8 -
ties used for operat- logic bringing the plant into a explosion, fire, poisoning.
ing valves and other safe state.
09 6 2
equipment essential for 1 1
bringing the plant into F E 8 2
a safe state (e.g. com-
pressed air, steam)

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Plant temperature A temperature sensor in com- H D 2 1 9 2 4.2.2.6/4.3.2.8: Automatic
exceeding the maxi- bination with a logic system is shut-off valves, Hazard: fire,
E B 8 -
mum allowable operat- monitoring the process tempera- mechanical break down,
10 6 2
ing temperature ture. If the temperature rises 1 1 injuries from hot parts.
above the safe level, it shall be F D 8 2

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brought into a safe state.
ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

75
 Table F.2 (continued)

76
SIF- Hazardous event Safety Instrumented Function Consequences Influence Demand Likeli- Integrity Hazard description
(SIF) hood
No. Description Description Harm C F P W Sum SIL SIL and comments

Provided by IHS Markit under license with AENOR

Failure of valve proving A pressure sensing device or H D 2 1 9 2 4.2.2.7: Valve proving, Haz-

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

position device combined with ards: explosion, explosive
E B 8 -
ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

a logic system is detecting if atmosphere
11 6 2
the gas system has a tolerable 1 1

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
low leakage. If not the start is F E 8 2
prevented.
Combustion air pres- Pressure switch, pressure trans- H D 2 1 9 2 4.2.3.2/4.3.3.2: Air flow and
sure/flow too low mitter or flow meter is monitor- pressure detectors, Hazards:
E B 8 -
ing the air pressure / flow, and explosion, fire, poisoning,
12 in combination with the logic 6 2 incomplete combustion
circuit brings the plant to a 1 1
F E 8 2
safe state if the pressure / flow
decreases below a safe level.
Air/gas ratio outside The correct air / gas ratio is con- H D 2 1 10 2 4.2.3.3/4.3.3.3: Air/fuel
safe operating range trolled by mechanical, pneumatic ratio, Hazard: explosion, fire,
E B 9 a
or electric systems. The electric poisoning.
13 7 3
ratio sensor combined with a 1 1
logic system shall bring the ratio F E 9 3
to a safe level.
Combustion chamber A pressure sensing device H D 2 0 8 1 4.2.5.5/4.3.5.5: Flue gas
pressure too high, combined with a logic system venting, Hazard: poisoning,
E A 7 -
is detecting if the combustion inhalation of harmful fluids.
14 failure of flue gas vent- 6 1

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chamber pressure leads to a 1 0
ing
harmful flue gas escape and F D 7 1
brings the plant into a safe state.
Flame failure Each burner is supervised by a H D 2 1 11 3 4.2.6/4.3.6: Automatic
flame sensing device, which in burner control system, Haz-
E A 10 -
combination with a logic system ards: explosion, fire
15 8 3
is bringing the burner or the 1 1
plant into a safe state if the flame F E 10 3
extinguish unwanted.

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© ISO 2-Year – All rights reserved
 Table F.2 (continued)

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SIF- Hazardous event Safety Instrumented Function Consequences Influence Demand Likeli- Integrity Hazard description

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

(SIF) hood
No. Description Description Harm C F P W Sum SIL SIL and comments

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Temperature monitor- A temperature sensor combined H D 2 1 10 2 4.2.6.3/4.3.6.3: High tem-
ing for high tempera- with a logic system is detecting perature equipment, Hazard:
E B 9 a
ture operation when the limit for high tem- explosion, fire

© ISO 2-Year – All rights reserved

16 perature equipment has been 7 3
reached. Only above this limit 1 1
F E 9 3
the high temperature equipment
functions are released.
Air flow too low during Flow meter, differential pressure H D 2 1 9 2 4.2.7.1/4.3.7.1: Pre-purge,
purge switch or transmitter is monitor- Hazards: explosion, insuf-
E B 8 -
ing the air flow, and in combina- ficient purging
17 6 2
tion with the logic circuit brings 1 1
the plant to a safe state if the F E 8 2
flow decreases below a safe level.
Start fuel flow rate too The position or state of a limiting H C 2 1 10 1 4.2.7.2/4.3.7.2: Start fuel
high device ensuring a safe burner flow rate, Hazard: hard or
E A 9 -
18 ignition is monitored for correct 7 1 failed burner start with
position. If not start is prevented. 1 1 possible high impact of the
F C 9 1
construction.

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--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

77
 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Annex G
(normative)

Requirements specific to Japan

G.1 General
Only those provisions of this part of ISO 13577 that are affected by requirements specific to Japan have
been identified in this annex, numbered correspondingly to the respective subclauses in the main body
of the standard.
The requirements of this annex shall ensure a level of safety at least equivalent to that provided by the
requirements in the main body of this part of ISO 13577.

G.2 Background
In addition to the safety requirements specified in this part of ISO 13577, at least information in regard
to the following laws and regulations are required to be prepared when combustion and fuel handling
systems which this part of ISO 13577 covers are to be designed, manufactured and commissioned:
— Industrial Safety and Health Law;
— High Pressure Gas Safety Law;
— Air Pollution Control Act.
For this reason, in addition to the requirements specified in this part of ISO 13577:

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
— matters concerning NOx and CO shall comply with Air Pollution Control Act;
— matters concerning fuel supplied at 1 MPa or more shall comply with High Pressure Gas Safety Act;
— matters concerning general safety which is not covered by this part of ISO 13577 shall comply with
the relevant regulations specified in Industrial Safety and Health Act.
In addition, regional safety requirements for combustion and fuel handling systems of TPE used in Japan
are specified in JIS B 8415:2008.
Those specified in this part of Annex G are the additional requirements or test methods based on
JIS B 8415:2008 for equipment intended to be used in Japan. Numbers in the brackets added to the each
clause title correspond to the clause in the main body text.

G.3 References
For dated references only the edition cited applies. For undated references the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 23550, Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances – General requirements
JIS B 2220, Steel pipe flanges
JIS B 231,2 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings
JIS G 3452, Carbon steel pipes for ordinary piping
JIS G 3454, Carbon steel pipes for pressure service

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

JIS G 3455, Carbon steel pipes for high pressure service

JIS G 3456, Carbon steel pipes for high temperature service
JIS G 3457, Arc welded carbon steel pipes
JIS G 3458, Alloy steel pipes
JIS G 3459, Stainless steel pipes
JIS G 3460, Steel pipes for low temperature service
JIS G 3461, Carbon steel boiler and heat exchanger tubes
JIS G 3462, Alloy steel boiler and heat exchanger tubes
JIS G 3463, Stainless steel boiler and heat exchanger tubes
JIS H 3300, Copper and copper alloy seamless pipes and tubes
JIS H 3401, Pipe fittings of copper and copper alloys
JIS K 6774, Polyethylene pipes for the supply of gaseous fuels
JIS B 8415, General Safety Code for Industrial Combustion Furnaces
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

G.4 Requirements

G.4.2.1.1 Pipework - General

Additional to 4.2.1.1
Fuel gas pipes shall be as specified in JIS G 3452; JIS G 3454; JIS G 3455; JIS G 3456; JIS G 3457; JIS G 3458;
JIS G 3459; JIS G 3460; JIS G 3461; JIS G 3462; JIS G 3463; JIS K 6774; and JIS H 3300, as applicable.
However, pipes to JIS G 3458 shall be used only for buried portions of the piping under pressures of less
than 1,6 MPa; those to JIS G 3452, only for buried portions under pressures of less than 1,0 MPa; those to
JIS K 6774, only for buried portions under pressures of less than 0,3 MPa; and those to JIS H 3300, only
exposed portions under pressures of less than 0,1 MPa.
Any flexible tubes not specified in this clause may be used only if they withstand the maximum operating
pressure and temperature involved.

G.4.2.1.2 Connections

Additional to 4.2.1.2
Any steel pipes with a nominal diameter of not more than 20A for use under a maximum operating
pressure of not more than 0,1 MPa may be connected using compression fittings.
Any copper or copper alloy seamless pipes shall be connected in accordance with JIS H 3401, and such
seamless pipes with a nominal diameter of 20A or less for use under a pressure of 0,01 MPa or less may
be connected using flared or compression fittings.

G.4.2.2.6 Automatic shut-off valves

Additional to 4.2.2.6
In regenerative burner systems, durability test for the valves should be done with more than 2 million
times of motion. The test shall be in accordance with ISO 23550.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

It is recommended that relays that are used for changeover of the valves have mechanical durability of
10 million times or more and electrical durability of 2 million times or more.

G.4.2.2.7 Valve proving

Additional to 4.2.2.7
Manual valve tightness check shall be carried out as the following and Figure G.1 at least once a year.
1) Pressurize between SSV 2 and V 2 and measure the pressure change. Back pressure resistance of
automatic shut of valves shall be taken into account.
2) Open V 1 while keeping SSV 2 shut. Then by opening SSV 1 or connecting TV 1 and TV 2 with a
rubber tube, pressurize the upstream of SSV 2.
3) Open V 2 to ventilate the downstream of SSV 2 to the atmospheric pressure. Then close V 2 and
connect another rubber tube at TV 3. Submerge the other tip of the tube into the water filled in a
basin/beaker at about 10mm depth and open TV 3 to observe if bubbles emerge. When bubbling
continues at the tip of the tube, treatment such as repair or replacement of the valve shall be taken.
The precise measurement of the leak rate can be performed by collecting the bubbles in a measuring
cylinder filled with water in a certain period of time measured with a stop-watch.
4) Same procedure is applied to check if there is a leakage in SSV 1 arranged at upstream of SSV 2.
5) When the test is done for three valves or more, the same test method shall be applied starting from
the valve placed at the most downstream position.
6) When fuel gas pressure cannot be used for the test (e.g. central pipework for low cycling applications,

--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
see Figure C.4), supply high pressure air from each check port just upstream of the examined
automatic shut-off valve.
7) The leak rate shall be in accordance with the value specified in ISO 23550:2011, 7.2.1.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Key
1 burner manual shut-off valve 1 (V1)
2 automatic shut-off valve 1 (SSV1)
3 automatic shut-off valve 2 (SSV2)
4 burner manual shut-off valve 2 (V2)
5 test valve 1 (TV1)
6 test valve 2 (TV2)
7 test valve 3 (TV3)
8 flexible hose
9 measuring cylinder
10 water vessel
11 burner
a Fuel gas flow direction.

Figure G.1 — In piping diagram for valve tightness check

Simultaneous closure of three automatic shut-off valves may be used as an alternative to valve proving
by an automatic system as specified in 4.2.2.7.
Ball valves in accordance with ISO 23551-1 with closed position indicator (CPI) may be used as a part of
the automatic system for proving closure of the valves.

G.4.2.7.1 Pre-purging of the combustion chamber

Replaces paragraphs 4, 8 and 9 of 4.2.7.1

The case the pre-purge may be omitted is limited to the following cases:
a) when the combustion chamber is proved to be at a temperature above 750 °C (as defined for high
temperature equipment);
b) in a multiple-burner system, one or more burners are burning in the common combustion chamber
or the combustion zone;
c) when starting burner after shutdown for control reason and;
1) a pilot burner equipped with a dedicated flame safeguard is burning continuously or
2) in a pulse combustion system with a specifically equipped ignition source, a flame supervisor
dedicated to the main burner is equipped or
3) the furnace atmosphere is proven to be less than 25 % of the lower explosion limit or

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--`,,,,,,,,,,``,

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

4) the radiant tube is metallic, resistant to explosion, and is equipped with a specifically equipped
ignition source.

G.4.2.7.6 Safety time

Replaces the 5th paragraph of 4.2.7.6

Safety time may differ from those given in Table 3 provided the safety of the TPE is not compromised
(e.g. LFL-level in the combustion chamber does not exceed 25 %). In any case the safety time of main
burner shall not exceed 5 s and the safety time of pilot burners shall not exceed 10 s.
Additional to Table 3
All direct-ignition type burners shall be ignited at 350 kW or less.

G.4.2.7.8 Flame failure during operation

Replaces the first paragraph of 4.2.7.8

In any event of flame failure during operation shall go to lock-out.

G.4.3.1.1 Pipework, General

Additional to 4.3.1.1
Materials for oil pipes shall be as specified in JIS G 3454; JIS G 3455; JIS G 3456; or JIS G 3459, as applicable.
Materials for welded fittings shall be as specified in JIS B 2312, and materials for flanged fittings shall
be as specified in JIS B 2220.

G.4.3.7.1 Pre-purging of the combustion chamber

Replaces paragraphs 4, 9 and 10 of 4.3.7.1

The case the pre-purge may be omitted is limited to the following cases:
a) when the combustion chamber is proved to be at a temperature above 750 °C (as defined for high
temperature equipment);
b) in a multiple-burner system, one or more burners are burning in the common combustion chamber
or the combustion zone;
c) when starting burner after shutdown for control reason and;
1) a pilot burner equipped with a dedicated flame safeguard is burning continuously or
2) in a pulse combustion system with a specifically equipped ignition source, a flame supervisor
dedicated to the main burner is equipped or
3) the furnace atmosphere is proven to be less than 25 % of the lower explosion limit or
4) the radiant tube is metallic, resistant to explosion, and is equipped with a specifically equipped
ignition source.
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

G.4.3.7.5 Maximum safety times

Additional to Table 4 in 4.3.7.5

All direct-ignition type burners shall be ignited at 350 kW or less.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

G.4.3.7.7 Flame failure during operation

Replaces the first paragraph of 4.3.7.7

In any event of flame failure during operation shall go to lock-out.

G.4.5.5 Oxygen or oxygen-enriched air (OOECA)

Additional to 4.5.5
Piping for oxygen or oxygen-enriched air shall be as specified in JIS G 3452, JIS G 3454, JIS G 3459 and
JIS H 3300.
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Annex H
(normative)

Requirements specific to the USA

H.1 General
Only those provisions of this part of ISO 13577 that are affected by requirements specific to the USA
have been identified in this annex, numbered correspondingly to the respective subclauses in the main
body of the standard.
The requirements of this annex shall ensure a level of safety at least equivalent to that provided by the
requirements in the main body of this part of ISO 13577.

H.2 Background
For equipment intended to be used in the USA, the “Authority Having Jurisdiction” (AHJ) has the
ultimate authority to approve the overall system installation of the equipment. The AHJ may be a State
Government, local Fire Marshall, local building inspector, local board or commission, the user’s insurance
underwriter, an engineer or the end user. The US Federal and State Governments have occupational safety
and health requirements for a given installation via the Occupation Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA), but OSHA does not typically act as the AHJ during the initial installation and commissioning of
the equipment.
The OHSA requirements for the USA (29 CFR Part 1910 General Industry Standards) can be downloaded
at http://www.osha.gov/. Some common hazards are covered in ISO 13577-1:2012, Clause 4 in the “List
of hazards”. However, complying with these may not be enough to satisfy the OSHA requirements in the
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

USA for a given installation. Should OSHA determine that an American National Standard would provide
a higher level of safety than the International Standard, OSHA could impose the requirements of other
American National Standards in addition to the requirements of the International Standard for a given
installation.
The end user is responsible for identifying and communicating with the AHJ for a given installation.
For applications covered under this part of ISO 13577, NFPA 86 is the recognized American National
Standard in the USA. The scope of NFPA 86 is limited to hazards associated with fires and explosions. In
addition to equipment requirements, it also includes requirements for the end user and the installation
location, whereas this part of ISO 13577 only covers requirements for the thermal processing equipment
(TPE). Thus, complying with this part of ISO 13577 does not mean that the installation will meet the
requirements of NFPA 86 or the AHJ, who might have additional or different requirements than those in
this part of ISO 13577. However, since all installations are subject to approval of the AHJ, it is possible for
equipment complying with the requirements of this part of ISO 13577 to be accepted.

H.3 Normative references

ANSI/ASME B1.20.1, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (inch)
ANSI/ASME B31.1, Power Piping
ANSI/ASME B31.3, Process Piping
ANSI/ASME B16.20, Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
ANSI/ASME B16.21, Non Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

International Fuel Gas Code

NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment
NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code
NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code
NFPA 79, Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery
NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces
UL 353, Limit Controls
FM 3510, Flow and Pressure Safety Switches
UL 873, Temperature-Indicating and -Regulating Equipment
FM 3545, Temperature Limit and Supervisory Switches
CGA G-4.1, Cleaning Equipment for Oxygen Service
CGA G-4.4, Oxygen Pipeline Systems

H.4 Requirements
H.4.1 General
Additional to 4.1
The electrical installation shall comply with the following:
— NFPA 70 National Electrical Code
— NFPA 79, Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery
Where seal leakage or diaphragm failure in a device can result in flammable gas or flammable liquid
flow through a conduit or cable to an electrical ignition source, a conduit seal or a cable type that is
sealed shall be installed.

H.4.2.1.1 Gas pipework – General

Additional to 4.2.1.1
The pipework materials shall comply with:
— NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code or International Fuel Gas Code.

H.4.2.1.2 Connections

Additional to 4.2.1.2
The pipework connections including pressure limitations shall comply with the following, as applicable:
— ANSI/ASME B1.20.1, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (inch)
— ANSI/ASME B31.1, Power Piping
— ANSI/ASME B31.3, Process Piping
— ANSI/ASME B16.20, Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

— ANSI/ASME B16.21, Non Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges

H.4.2.2.4 Low gas protection

Additional to 4.2.2.4
The devices shall comply with the following, as applicable:
— UL 353, Limit Controls
— FM 3510, Flow and Pressure Safety Switches

H.4.2.2.5 High gas protection

Additional to 4.2.2.5
The devices shall comply with the following, as applicable:
— UL 353, Limit Controls
— FM 3510, Flow and Pressure Safety Switches

H.4.2.2.6 Automatic shut-off valves

Additional to 4.2.2.6
Safety shutoff valves used in pulse firing, regenerative or other such high cycling applications shall
be replaced before they exceed their maximum allowable number of lifetime open–closed cycles. The
number of safety shutoff valve cycles shall be determined in one of the following ways:
1) By counting the number of actual safety shutoff valve open-closed cycles
2) By estimating the time to reach 90 percent of lifetime total cycles based on normal cycling rates
The instruction handbook shall contain details of the maintenance intervals and procedures for all
safety in compliance with NFPA 86:2011, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces – Chapter 7 – Commissioning,
Operations, Maintenance, Inspection and Testing.

H.4.2.2.7 Valve proving

Additional to 4.2.2.7
--`,,,,,,,,,,``,`,```,``,,,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Valve proving is required for all capacities above 117 kW (400,000 Btu/h), based on the higher calorific
value, and for all operating conditions without regard to the number of start-ups anticipated per year.

H.4.2.3.2 Air flow and pressure detectors

Additional to 4.2.3.2
The devices shall comply with the following, as applicable:
— UL 353, Limit Controls
— FM 3510, Flow and Pressure Safety Switches

H.4.2.7.1 Pre-purging of the combustion chamber

Additional to 4.2.7.1 for pulse fired burners

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Re-starting without a re-purge is permitted only when it can be demonstrated that the combustible
concentration in the heating chamber and all other passages that handle the recirculation and exhaust
of products of combustion cannot exceed 25 percent of the Lower Flammable Limit.
Additional to 4.2.7.1 for regenerative burners
Re-starting without a re-purge is permitted only when it can be demonstrated that the combustible
concentration in the heating chamber and all other passages that handle the recirculation and exhaust
of products of combustion cannot exceed 25 percent of the Lower Flammable Limit.

H.4.3.1.1 Liquid fuel pipework – general

Additional to 4.3.1.1
The pipework materials shall comply with:
— NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment

H.4.3.1.2 Connections

Additional to 4.3.1.2
The pipework connections including pressure limitations shall comply with the following, as applicable:
— ANSI/ASME B1.20.1, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (inch).
— ANSI/ASME B31.1, Power Piping
— ANSI/ASME B31.3, Process Piping
— ANSI/ASME B16.20, Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
— ANSI/ASME B16.21, Non Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges

H.4.3.2.6 Liquid fuel pressure protection

Additional to 4.3.2.6
The devices shall comply with the following, as applicable:
— UL 353, Limit Controls
— FM 3510, Flow and Pressure Safety Switches

H.4.3.2.7 Liquid fuel temperature protection

Additional to 4.3.2.7
The devices shall comply with the following, as applicable:
— UL 873, Temperature-Indicating and -Regulating Equipment
— FM 3545, Temperature Limit and Supervisory Switches

H.4.3.2.8 Automatic shut-off valves

Additional to 4.3.2.8

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Safety shutoff valves used in pulse firing, regenerative or other such high cycling applications shall
be replaced before they exceed their maximum allowable number of lifetime open–closed cycles. The
number of safety shutoff valve cycles shall be determined in one of the following ways:
a) By counting the number of actual safety shutoff valve open-closed cycles.
b) By estimating the time to reach 90 % of lifetime total cycles based on normal cycling rates.
The instruction handbook shall contain details of the maintenance intervals and procedures for all
safety in compliance with NFPA 86:2011, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces – Chapter 7 – Commissioning,
Operations, Maintenance, Inspection and Testing.

H.4.3.2.9 Automatic shut-off valves for multiple burners

Additional to 4.3.2.9
Safety shutoff valves used in pulse firing, regenerative or other such high cycling applications shall
be replaced before they exceed their maximum allowable number of lifetime open–closed cycles. The
number of safety shutoff valve cycles shall be determined in one of the following ways:
a) By counting the number of actual safety shutoff valve open-closed cycles.
b) By estimating the time to reach 90 % of lifetime total cycles based on normal cycling rates.
The instruction handbook shall contain details of the maintenance intervals and procedures for all
safety in compliance with NFPA 86:2011, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces – Chapter 7 – Commissioning,
Operations, Maintenance, Inspection and Testing.

H.4.3.3.2 Air flow and pressure detectors

Additional to 4.3.3.2
The devices shall comply with the following, as applicable:
— UL 353, Limit Controls
— FM 3510, Flow and Pressure Safety Switches

H.4.3.7.1 Pre-purging of the combustion chamber

Additional to 4.3.7.1 for pulse fired burners

Re-starting without a re-purge is permitted only when it can be demonstrated that the combustible
concentration in the heating chamber and all other passages that handle the recirculation and exhaust
of products of combustion cannot exceed 25 % of the LFL.
Additional to 4.3.7.1 for regenerative burners
Re-starting without a re-purge is permitted only when it can be demonstrated that the combustible
concentration in the heating chamber and all other passages that handle the recirculation and exhaust
of products of combustion cannot exceed 25 % of the LFL.

H.4.5.1 Oxygen or oxygen-enriched combustion air (OOECA) - General

Additional to 4.5.1
Equipment shall comply with the following, as applicable:
— NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code
— NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces, Oxygen-Enhanced Fuel-Fired Units

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

— NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces, Oxygen Safety Devices

H.4.5.2 Suitability for oxygen service

Additional to 4.5.2
Equipment shall comply with the following, as applicable:
— CGA-4.1, Cleaning Equipment for Oxygen Service
— CGA-4.4, Oxygen Pipeline Systems

H.5 Bibliography
United States Department of Labor – OSHA - 29 CFR Part. General Industry Standards, 1910
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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Annex I
(normative)

Requirements for Europe and associated countries

I.1 General
Only those provisions of this part of ISO 13577 that are affected by requirements specific to Europe and
associated countries have been identified in this annex, numbered correspondingly to the respective
subclauses in the main body of the standard.
The requirements of this annex shall ensure a level of safety at least equivalent to that provided by the
requirements in the main body of this part of ISO 13577.

I.2 Background
For TPE intended to be used in the European EEC member countries, in the European EFTA member
countries accepting European (EEC) legislation, and in all other countries accepting European
legislation, it shall be noted that this part of ISO 13577 specifies the specific essential health and safety
requirements of annex 1 of the applicable Directive the standard is referring to or harmonized under,
and only for the products in the scope of this part of ISO 13577.
This means that essential requirements of other European Directives could be applicable.
Examples of potential additional requirements are:
— equipment intended to be used in hazardous locations shall additionally comply with EEC-ATEX-
requirements;
— equipment used under pressure (vessels, piping) exceeding 50 kPa may additionally need to comply
with EEC-PED-requirements;
— equipment used with voltages between certain limits shall additionally comply with EEC-Low
Voltage and EEC-EMC requirements.
It shall be verified in the scope of the European Directives themselves if the Directive is additionally
applicable.
Other requirements are not in the clauses of this part of ISO 13577, but are specified in the EEC-Directives
themselves. Certification requirements, declaration requirements, literature requirements, language
requirements are specified in each Directive. It shall be verified, for each applicable Directive, which
additional requirements are applicable, for the TPE before it is installed and commissioned in above
specified countries.

I.3 Normatives references

EN 88-1:2011, Pressure regulators and associated safety devices for gas appliances — Part 1: Pressure
regulators for inlet pressures up to and including 50 kPa
EN 88-2:2007, Pressure regulators and associated safety devices for gas appliances — Part 2: Pressure
regulators for inlet pressures above 500 mbar up to and including 5 bar
EN 125:1991, Flame supervision devices for gas burning appliances — Thermoelectric flame supervision
devices

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

EN 125/A1:1996, Flame supervision devices for gas burning appliance — Thermo-electric types, Amendment
A1
EN 298:2003, Automatic gas burner control systems for gas burners and gas burning appliances with or
without fans
EN 331:1998, Manually operated ball valves and closed bottom taper plug valves for gas installations for
buildings
EN 334: 2005, Gas pressure regulators for inlet pressures up to 100 bar
EN 730-1:2002, Gas welding equipment — Safety devices — Part 1: Incorporating a flame (Flashback)
arrestor
EN 730-2:2002, Gas welding equipment — Safety devices — Part 2: Not Incorporating a flame (Flashback)
arrestor
EN 751-1:1996, Sealing materials for metallic threaded joints in contact with 1st, 2nd and 3rd family gases
and hot water — Part 1: Anaerobic jointing compounds
EN 751-2:1996, Sealing materials for metallic threaded joints in contact with 1st, 2nd and 3rd family gases
and hot water — Part 2: Non-hardening jointing compounds
EN 1057:2006, Copper and copper alloys - Seamless, round copper tubes for water and gas in sanitary and
heating applications
EN 1643:2000, Valve proving systems for automatic shut-off valves for gas burners and gas appliances
EN 1797:2001-7, Cryogenic vessels — Gas/material compatibility

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EN 1854:2006, Pressure sensing devices for gas burners and gas burning applications
EN 10208-1:1997, Steel pipes for pipe lines for combustible fluids —Technical delivery conditions — Part 1:
Pipes of requirement class A
EN 10208-2:2009, Steel pipes for pipelines for combustible fluids — Technical delivery conditions — Part 2:
Pipes of requirement class B
EN 10241:2001, Steel threaded pipe
EN 10242:1995, Threaded pipe fittings in malleable cast iron
EN 10242/A1:1999, Threaded pipe fittings in malleable cast iron
EN 10242/A2:2003, Threaded pipe fittings in malleable cast iron
EN 10255:2004, Non-Alloy steel tubes suitable for welding and threading — Technical delivery conditions
EN 10255/A1:2007, Non-Alloy steel tubes suitable for welding and threading — Technical delivery conditions
EN 12067-2:2004, Gas/air ratio controls for gas burners and gas burning appliances — Part 2: Electronic
types
EN 13480-2:2002, Metallic industrial piping — Part 2: Materials
EN 14382:2005, Safety devices for gas pressure regulating stations and installations — Gas safety shut-off
devices for inlet pressures up to 100 bar

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

I.4 Requirements

I.4.2.1.1 Gas pipework – General

Additional to 4.2.1.1
For steel pipes, compliance with EN 10208-1 and EN 10208-2, EN 13480-2 (Table A.3), or EN 10255 is
considered appropriate. For copper pipes compliance with EN 1057 is considered appropriate. Copper
Soldering connections shall not be used for gas carrying parts where the temperature could exceed
100°C.
Threaded pipe fittings shall comply with EN 10241 or EN 10242.

I.4.2.1.2 Connections

Additional to 4.2.1.2
Sealants for threads according to ISO 7-1 shall comply with EN 751-1 or EN 751-2 as appropriate.
For diameters DN 50 to DN 80, threaded connections shall only be used for pressure up to 10 kPa.

I.4.2.2.1 Manual isolating valve

Additional to 4.2.2.1
If technically applicable, only manual isolating valves complying with EN 331 shall be fitted. For valves
outside the scope of EN 331, the safety requirements detailed in EN 331 shall be met at an equivalent
level.

I.4.2.2.3 Gas pressure regulator

Additional to 4.2.2.3
Gas pressure regulators shall be in accordance with EN 88-1, EN 88-2 or EN 334 as applicable.
A mechanical over pressure cut-off device shall be in accordance with EN 14382.

I.4.2.2.4 Low gas protection

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Additional to 4.2.2.4
Gas pressure detectors shall be in accordance with EN 1854.

I.4.2.2.5 High gas protection

Additional to 4.2.2.5
Gas pressure detectors shall be in accordance with EN 1854.

I.4.2.2.6 Automatic shut-off valves

Additional to 4.2.2.6
Automatic shut-off valve shall be in accordance with EN 161:2007.
A thermo-electric flame supervision device complying with EN 125 is acceptable for natural draught
burners operating in open air with controlled capacities below 70 kW and for natural draft burners
operating in combustion chamber with controlled capacities below 2,5 kW.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

I.4.2.2.7 Valve proving

Additional to 4.2.2.7
Automatic valve proving shall comply with EN 1643 or give an equivalent level of safety.

I.4.2.2.8 Individual manual shut-off valves for burners

Additional to 4.2.2.8
The manual shut-off-valve shall comply with EN 331. For valves outside the scope of EN 331, the safety
requirements detailed in EN 331 shall be met at an equivalent level.

I.4.2.3.2 Air flow and pressure detectors

Additional to 4.2.3.2
Air pressure detectors shall be in accordance with EN 1854.
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I.4.2.3.3 Air/fuel ratio

Additional to 4.2.3.3
A Pneumatic gas/air ratio controls shall be in accordance with EN 88-1.
Electronic gas/air ratio controls shall be in accordance with EN 12067-2.

I.4.2.6.1 Automatic burner control systems General

Additional to 4.2.6.1
Automatic burner control systems shall comply with EN 298 or EN 125, if technically applicable. If
necessary for process reasons, the characteristics of the system shall differ from the requirements
specified in EN 298 or EN 125 providing the levels of safety and reliability are not reduced.

I.4.2.6.4 Automatic burner control systems for burners operating in the open air

Additional to 4.2.6.4
Each burner firing in the open air with a rated heat input greater than 70 kW shall be fitted with an
automatic burner control system complying, if technically applicable, with EN 298 or EN 125.
If the flame cannot be observed continuously from the workplace, an automatic burner control system
complying, if technically applicable, with EN 298 or EN 125 shall be provided.

I.4.3.1.1 Liquid fuel pipework – General

Additional to 4.3.1.1
For steel pipes, compliance with EN 10208-1 and EN 10208-2, EN 13480-2 (Table A.3), or EN 10255 is
considered appropriate. For copper pipes compliance with EN 1057 is considered appropriate.

I.4.3.2.8 Automatic shut-off valves

Additional to 4.3.2.8
Automatic shut-off valve shall be in accordance with EN 264 if applicable.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

I.4.5.8 Flexible tubing and couplings

Additional to 4.5.8
Manual torches shall be equipped with a flash back arrestor (EN 730-1 or equivalent) and a lockable
manual shut-off valve upstream of the hose.

I.4.5.9 Safety devices against gas backflow

Additional to 4.5.9
Oxygen pipework shall be equipped with a non return valve (EN 730-2 or equivalent) suitable for the
operating pressure.
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I.4.5.11 Material requirements

Additional to 4.5.11
NOTE Regarding the selection and compatibility of materials and gases (including oxygen) see also EN 1797.

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 ISO 13577-2:2014(E)

Bibliography

[1] ISO 6976,Natural gas — Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe index
from composition
[2] ISO 13849 (all parts), Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems
[3] ISO 14118:2000, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
[4] ISO 23550:2011, Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances — General
requirement
[5] ISO 23551-4, Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances — Particular
requirements — Part 4: Valve-proving systems for automatic shut-off valves
[6] ISO 22967:2010, Forced draught gas burners
[7] ISO 22968:2010, Forced draught oil burners
[8] IEC 61508 (all parts), Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-
related systems
[9] IEC 61511 (all parts), Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry
sector
[10] IEC 62061, Safety of machinery — Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems
[11] EN 525:1997, Non-domestic direct gas-fired forced convection air heaters for space heating not
exceeding a net heat input of 300 kW
[12] EN 1539:2000, Dryers and ovens, in which flammable substances are released — Safety requirements
[13] EN 1547:2001 + A1:2009, Industrial thermoprocessing equipment — Noise test code for industrial
thermoprocessing equipment including its ancillary handling equipment
[14] EN 10217-1:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions —
Part 1: Non- alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties
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[15] EN 10220:2002Seamless and welded steel tubes — General tables of dimensions and masses per unit
length
[16] EN 12300:1998, Cryogenic vessels — Cleanliness for cryogenic service
[17] EN 13611:2007+A22011, Safety devices for gas burners and gas burning appliances — General
requirements
[18] EN 14597:2012, Temperature control devices and temperature limiters for heat generating systems
[19] EIGA IGC Doc 13/12/E Oxygen pipeline and piping systems; available at https://www.eiga.
eu/fileadmin/docs_pubs/Doc_13_12_Oxygen_Pipeline_and_Piping_Systems.pdf

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