Math 7 QTR 2 Week 5
Math 7 QTR 2 Week 5
Expectations
This module was designed to help you appreciate and master the laws of exponents and learn
how to multiply and divide polynomials.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define and interpret the meaning of an, where n is a positive integer;
2. derive inductively the laws of exponents (restricted to positive integers)
3. illustrate the laws of exponents;
4. multiply and divide polynomials applying the laws of exponents.
Pretest
Read and understand each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which is equivalent to 25 ?
A. 10 B. 16 C. 32 D. 64
2. According to the laws of exponents, when you multiply expressions having the same base, you
_________ their exponents.
A. add B. divide C. multiply D. subtract
0
3. What is (x2 ) ?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 6 D. 12
4. What is the product of x and x8?
-7
A. x B. x2 C. x7 D. x15
5. What is the quotient of x9 and x6?
A. x B. x3 C. x6 D. x15
6. What is the product of 5j2 and 6j?
A. 11j2 B. 11j3 C. 30j2 D. 30j3
7. When you divide 8r by r4 , the quotient will be _______.
8 8
A. 8r3 B. r3 C. 8r5 D. r5
8. Find the quotient of 21x4-14x3-28x2 and 7x2.
A. 3x2-2x -4 B. 3x2+2x-4 C. 3x2-2x-3 D. 3x2+2x+4
9. A piece of rectangular paper has a length of ( x + 9 ) units and a width of ( 2x - 1 ) units. Find the
area of the paper. ( Note: Area of a rectangle = l x w ).
A. 2x2-17x -9 square units C. 2x2 + 17x – 9 square units
B. 2x2- 19x + 10 square units D. 2x2+ 19x – 10 square units
10. If each notebook costs ( x4- 5x2 ) pesos, how much do you pay for 5 notebooks?
A. 5 pesos B. (x5- 5x) pesos C. 5x4-5x2 pesos D. 5x4-25x2 pesos
Exercise 2:
A. Which of the following is/are correct? Write CORRECT or INCORRECT appropriately. The first one
is done for you.
1. 32 = 3 × 3 = 9 CORRECT 4. 23 = 2 × 3 = 6 __________
2. 52 = 5 × 5 = 25 __________ 5. 33 = 3 × 3 × 3 = 27 __________
3. 34 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 12 __________ 6. 64 = 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 = 64 __________
B. Give the value of each of the following as fast as you can.
1. 42 = ______ 2. 25 = ______ 3. 73 = _____ 4. 54 = _______ 5. 62 = _______
Illustrative Example:
1) (24)(23) = (2 • 2 • 2 • 2) ( 2• 2 • 2) = 27 = 128
2) (a3)(a6) = (a • a • a) (a • a • a • a • a • a) = a9
3) (32)(32) = 34
4) (25)(23) = 28
5) (y6)(y8) = y14
What did you notice?
What conclusion can you make about an • am?
Lesson 1.2
Analyze the result and make a simple conclusion on it. The first two are done for you.
1) (32)2 = 32 • 32 = 3 • 3 • 3 • 3 = 34 = 81
2) (y3)4 = y3 • y3 • y3• y3 = y • y • y • y • y • y • y • y • y • y • y • y = y 12
3) (23)2 = ?
4) (32)3 = ?
5) (a4)5 = ?
What did you notice?
What can you conclude about (am)n?
x7 x •x• x• x •x •x• x
2) x2
= x•x
= x5
36
3) = ______
33
y15
4) y8
= ______
a20
5) a16
= ______
𝒂𝒎
Quotient of Powers = am - n
𝒂𝒏
When you divide terms with the same base, you subtract the exponents.
Lesson 1.4
Study the given examples below.
52 5x5 52
1. = 5 x 5 =1 Applying the Law on Quotient of Powers, = 52−2 = 50 = 1.
52 52
y5 y•y•y•y•y
2. = = y5-5 = y0 = 1
y5 y•y•y•y•y
3. 9(k0 ) = 1
x8
4. x8
= ______
5. 40 = ______
What have you noticed? How do you evaluate an expression with zero exponent?
Zero Exponent a0 = 1 where a ≠ 0
Any term (constant or variable) except zero, when raised to zero is equal to one (1).
Lesson 1.5
Rewrite the following using the laws of exponent, then simplify. The first two are done for you.
3 1 3 31 1 1
1. = using the laws of exponent, = 3 = 31-3 = 3-2 = =
27 9 3x3 x3 3 32 9
4 1 2x2 22 1
2. = using the laws of exponent, = = 22-3 = 2-1 =
8 2 2x2x2 23 2
5 x7 y8
3. 125
=? 4. x8
= ? 5. y16
= ?
Any term (constant or variable) when raised to a negative exponent is simplified by getting the
multiplicative inverse of its base and the additive inverse of its exponent.
1.
4b ( b2 + 3b – 2) distribute the given monomial to each term of the polynomial
2.
-x2 ( 5y3 + y2 – 9y ) distribute the given monomial to each term of the polynomial
3.
6c ( cd3 - 3c2d2 + 2c3d - c4 ) distribute the given monomial to each term of the polynomial
C. In multiplying binomials, you can use distributive property, FOIL Method and the traditional
way of multiplying (vertical method).
Examples:
1. ( x + 3 )( x + 7 )
Distributive Property
( x + 3 )( x + 7 )= x (x + 7) + 3(x + 7) distribute each term of the first binomial to the second binomial
= x2 + 7x + 3x + 21 combine like terms
= x2 + 10x + 21
FOIL Method
Vertical Method
( x + 3 )( x + 7 ) x+3 write the given vertically
x+7
x2 + 3x x(x+3)
+ 7x + 21 7(x+3)
x +10x + 21
2 add the results by combining like terms
2. ( y - 8 )( 2y + 1 )
Distributive Property
( y - 8 )( 2y + 1 )= y (2y + 1) - 8(2y + 1)
= 2y2 + y – 16y - 8
= 2y2 – 15y - 8
FOIL Method
F L First Terms: (y)(2y) = 2y2
Outer Terms: (y)(1) = y Combine like terms
( y - 8 )(2y + 1 ) Inner Terms: (-8)(2y) = -16y
I Last Terms: (-8)(1) = -8
( y - 8 )( 2y + 1 ) = 2y2 – 15y - 8
Vertical Method
( y - 8 )( 2y + 1 ) y- 8 write the given vertically
2y + 1
2y2 - 16y 2y(y – 8)
+ y-8 1(y – 8)
2y2 – 15y - 8 add the results by combining like terms
D. In multiplying polynomials with more than two terms, you can use distributive property,
vertical method, or grid.
Examples:
1. ( y2 + 2y + 1 )( 3y2 – y + 5 )
Distributive Property
( y2 + 2y + 1 )( 3y2 – y + 5 )= y2( 3y2 – y + 5 ) + 2y( 3y2 – y + 5 ) + 1( 3y2 – y + 5 )
= 3y4 – y3 + 5y2 + 6y3 – 2y2 + 10y + 3y2 – y + 5
= 3y4 + 5y3 + 6y2 + 9y + 5
Vertical Method
( y2 + 2y + 1 )( 3y2 – y + 5 ) y2 + 2y + 1
3y2 – y + 5
3y4 + 6y3 + 3y2 3y2(y2 + 2y + 1)
- y - 2y – y
3 2 -y(y2 + 2y + 1)
5y + 10y + 5
2 5(y2 + 2y + 1)
3y4+ 5y3+ 6y2+ 9y + 5
Using Grid
Given Monomials Divide the Apply the law of exponent (quotient Quotient
numerical of powers) to the literal coefficients
coefficients 𝑎𝑚
𝑎𝑛
= am - n
B. In dividing polynomial with two or more terms by a monomial, just divide each term
of the polynomial by the given monomial.
Examples:
8x3 24x2 4x
1. ( 8x3 + 24x2 – 4x ) ÷ 4x = 4x
+ 4x
- 4x = 2x2 + 6x – 1
9n2 6n 15
2. ( 9n2 – 6n + 15 ) ÷ (-3) = -3
- -3 + -3 = -3n2 + 2n – 5
10a4 4a3 a 1
3. ( 10a4 – 4a3 – a ) ÷ 2a = 2a
- 2a - 2a = 5a3 – 2a2 – 2
C. In dividing polynomials with two or more terms, you can use the long division method
similar to the process of dividing whole numbers.
Examples:
𝒙𝟐
STEP 4: Subtract the product in STEP 3 from the dividend. Bring down the next term.
x2
x3 - 3x2
x2 - 3x + 9
x - 3 √x3 - 6x2 + 18x - 27
x3 - 3x2
- 3x2 +18x
- 3x2 + 9x
9x - 27
9x - 27
0
STEP 6: Write the answer in the form:
P(x) R(x)
=Q(x)+ where: P(x)= Dividend; D(x)= Divisor; Q(x)= Quotient; R(x)= Remainder
D(x) D(x)
x3 - 6x2 + 18x-27
ANSWER: x-3
= x2 - 3x + 9
8
2. ( 4a3 - 5a - 6 ) ÷ ( 2a - 1 ) = 2a2 + a - 2 - 2a-1
Activities:
Activity 1: Simplify the following using laws of exponents.
a-10
1. (a16)(a8) = ________ 4. a-10
= _______
a6 b 7 c7
2. (x6)7= ______ 5. = ____
a-2 b3 c0
3. (100010)0 = ______
Activity 2: Perform the indicated operations.
1. 7x2 ( x – 3 ) = ______________________ 4. 72x3y2 ÷ 12x3y = _________________________
2. ( 2n – 5 )( n – 5 ) = ___________________ 5. ( 10x2 + 35x ) ÷ 5x = ____________________
3. ( 7x2 + 4x – 6 )( x + 4 ) = ______________
Remember
The following are the laws of exponents and rules in multiplying and dividing polynomials:
x5 y4
2. x5 y4
= _________
3. (y-2)2 = _______________
x16 y6
4. x6 y7
= ________
Post-test
Read and understand each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which is equivalent to 25 ?
A. 10 B. 16 C. 32 D. 64
2. According to the laws of exponents, when you multiply expressions having the same base, you
_________ their exponents.
A. add B. divide C. multiply D. subtract
0
3. What is (x2 ) ?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 6 D. 12
4. What is the product of x and x8?
-7
A. x B. x2 C. x7 D. x15
5. What is the quotient of x9 and x6?
A. x B. x3 C. x6 D. x15
6. What is the product of 5j2 and 6j?
A. 11j2 B. 11j3 C. 30j2 D. 30j3
7. When you divide 8r by r4 , the quotient will be _______.
8 8
A. 8r3 B. r3 C. 8r5 D. r5
8. Find the quotient of 21x4-14x3-28x2 and 7x2.
A. 3x2-2x -4 B. 3x2+2x-4 C. 3x2-2x-3 D. 3x2+2x+4
9. A piece of rectangular paper has a length of ( x + 9 ) units and a width of ( 2x - 1 ) units. Find the
area of the paper. ( Note: Area of a rectangle = l x w ).
A. 2x2-17x -9 square units C. 2x2 + 17x – 9 square units
2
B. 2x - 19x + 10 square units D. 2x2+ 19x – 10 square units
10. If each notebook costs ( x4- 5x2 ) pesos, how much do you pay for 5 notebooks?