Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
CARAGA REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF AGUSAN DEL SUR
TRENTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Trento, Agusan del Sur

Learners’ Activity Sheets

English 10 - Quarter 4

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

1
 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
in English 10

LESSON 1
TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN RESEARCH

Name: ________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

Content Standard
Distinguish technical terms used in research EN10V-IVa-30

Performance Standard
Develop a research title that is significant to the existing problems observed
in the society.

Learning Competencies

The learner…
a. identifies technical terms used in research;
b. values the importance of making research; and
c. develops research title or topic about significant issues.

Key Concepts

A. TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN RESEARCH

1. Abstract- summarizes all sections and helps readers decide whether or not
to read the entire report

2. Introduction- presents background information, scope, and focus of the

research paper

3. Data- factual information [as measurements or statistics] used as a basis

for reasoning, discussion, or calculation.

4. Theory- a general explanation about a specific behavior or set of events

that is based on known principles and serves to organize related events in a
meaningful way.

5. Conclusion- provides the summary of the research

6. Discussion- evaluates the results of the study or research

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

2
 7. Literature Review- provides a review of what others have written or
researched on concerning the topic
8. Conceptual Framework- offers a logical structure of connected concepts
that help provide a picture or visual display of how ideas in a study relate to
one another within the theoretical framework (Grant & Osanloo, 2014).

9. Research Design- the game plan or method for finding out what you want
to know.

10. Methodology- systematic approaches to the conduct of an operation or

process. It includes steps of procedure, application of techniques, systems of
reasoning or analysis, and the modes of inquiry employed by a discipline.

11. Plagiarism- Plagiarism is the appropriation of another person’s ideas,

processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit.

12. Reference- lists all the sources used in the research

B. METHODS IN DOING RESEARCH

1. Quantitative Research
 The data produced are always numerical, and they are analyzed
using mathematical and statistical methods.
 Explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are
analyzed using mathematically based methods (in particular
statistics).

2. Qualitative Research
 It often involves words or language, but may also use pictures or
photographs and observations.
 Seeks to answer questions about why and how people behave in the
way that they do. It provides in-depth information about human
behavior.

Exercises/Activities

Activity 1. True or False

Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.

___1. Abstract is the overview of your research.
___2. Introduction presents the background information, scope, and focus of the
research paper
___3. Sources are factual information.
___4. Theory explains a certain phenomenon.
___5. Findings provides the summary of the research
___6. Discussion evaluates the results of the study or research
___7. Research Design is the game plan of your research.

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

3
___8. Methodology is the systematic approaches to the conduct of an operation
___9. Plagiarism is misconduct in research.
___10. Reference lists all the sources used in the research.

Activity 2. Answer Me!

Directions: Answer the following questions below.

1. What are the problems you have encountered in your studies specially in this
new normal setting?

2. What will you do if you have a problem?

3. How will you solve it?

Activity 3. A Problem to Solve!

Directions: Based on the problems that you have observed in our society, develop
one research title or topic that for you is the most significant issue.

Example: 1. Children’s Exposure to Media: Do Parental Controls Work?

2. Endangered species – How can we preserve them?

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

4
Learning outcomes to assess
● Develop a research topic with a manageable focus

● Describe the idea that research is a form of conversation

Success indicators
● Select a potential topic that is manageable, researchable, and
scalable.
● Connect topic to the alternative delivery mode (modular-print)

Rubrics
20 15 10

Develops a research Student identifies a Student identifies a Student identifies a

topic topic that meets the topic that only topic that does not
parameters of the partially meets the meet the parameters
assignment parameters of the of the assignment
assignment
   
 

The research topic Student identifies a

Student identifies a topic that is either Student identifies a
has a manageable
topic that is scalable too broad or too topic that is not
focus
and is something narrow and needs to something they can
they can find be scaled more reasonably find
information about information about

Closure

Activity 4. My Treasure

Directions: Reflect on how you performed in this lesson, and make a plan on how
to treasure and value your learnings. Use the following sentence starters:

1. The new concepts I learned from this lesson are

__________________________________________________________________________________

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

5
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. I realized that technical terms used in research are…

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. The following are the steps I can take to value the importance of doing research:

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

LESSON 2
TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

Name: ________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

Content Standard
Give technical and operational definitions EN10V-IIa-13.9

Performance Standard
Define the given terms technically through researching from the Internet and
books.

Learning Competencies
This lesson will prepare you to give technical and operational definitions.
Specifically, you are expected to:
a. distinguish technical from operational definitions; and
b. write technical definitions.

Key Concepts

A. What is a technical definition?

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

6
 A technical definition is a definition in technical communication
describing or explaining technical terminology. Technical definition is used
to introduce the vocabulary which makes communication in a particular field
concise and clear. It tells you what the concept or term means. It tends to be
abstract, conceptual or theoretical. It is usually provided by experts in the
field; so, if you need to write a technical definition of a concept, you can
always look for what experts say about it.

Example:
Financial capability, according to World Bank (2013a), is:
[…] an internal capacity to act in one’s best financial interest,
given socioeconomic environmental conditions. It encompasses the
knowledge (literacy), attitudes, skills, and behaviors of consumers
with regard to managing their resources, and understanding,
selecting, and making use of financial services that fit their needs
(WB, 2013a).

B. What is an operational definition?

An operational definition is a statement that describes how a

particular variable is to be measured, or how an object or condition is to be
recognized. Operational definitions tell you what to do or what to observe.
The word “operational” means “describing what to do” in a certain context.
Operational definitions need to be concrete, clear and precise so that a
reader knows exactly what to observe or measure.

Examples:
● The fastest ball is the one that crosses the finish line before all the
other balls.

● The financial capability of the respondents refers to their average score

on a 12item Likert-scale.

Exercises/Activities

Activity 1. Which is Which

Now, try to check your understanding on the two types of definition.

Directions: Write TD if the description refers to Technical Definition and
OD if it refers to Operational Definition.
1. Tells you what to do and what to observe
2. Tells you what the term theoretically means
3. Tends to be abstract, conceptual and theoretical
4. Provides concrete and clear definition
5. Usually provided by experts

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

7
 6. Based in context

Activity 2. Give Me More!

Directions: Write TD if the definition is technical and OD if it is Operational.

1. _____ Substances that cause the litmus paper to turn pink are acids.
2. _____ A compound that can donate a proton or accept a pair of electrons to
form a covalent bond with a base is an acid.
3. _____ Pulse refers to the number of beats on a person’s wrist counted in 1
minute.
4. _____ Pulse is the regular expansion and contraction of an artery, caused
by the heart pumping blood through the body.
5. _____ Weight refers to a measurement of gravitational force acting on an
object.
6. _____ Weight refers to the numbers that appear when an object is placed
on a weighing scale.
7. _____ Working women are women engaged in full time paid
employment, working at least 40 hours or more per week.
8. _____ Heart is a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood around the
body, in humans, situated in the center of the chest with its apex directed
to the left.
9. _____ Krondl (1990) states that convenience foods are those foods that
have service added to basic ingredients to reduce the amount of
preparation time required in the home.
10. _____ Extensive reading is program wherein a learner reads at least
10 books every week for comprehension.

Activity 3. Identification

A. Directions: Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if it is FALSE.

1. A technical definition tells you what to do.

2. A technical definition gives concrete and clear descriptions.
3. A technical definition is usually given by experts in the field which
can cited as a source.
4. An operational definition is usually theoretical and conceptual.
5. An operational definition gives observable and measurable descriptions.

B. Directions: Write TD if the definition is technical and OD if it is

operational.

6. Intelligence is the person’s score on the StanfordBinet Intelligence Test.

7. Thirst is a distressful feeling after twenty-four hours or more without
access to water.
8. A virus is a submicroscopic parasitic particle of a nucleic acid

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

8
 surrounded by protein that can only replicate within a host cell.
9. Guilt refers to the score on a self-reported guilt on a scale of 110.
10. Staab (1990) defines a successful whole language teacher as “an
individual who creates an exciting print environment and allows
children to engage in meaningful literacy experiences”.

Activity 4. Define Time!

Directions: Give technical definitions of the following terms. You may use
the Internet or your books for the definitions. Be sure to include the source.

Term to Technical Definition

define
Paper A paper micrometer is a small measuring instrument used to
Micrometer measure the thickness of a piece of paper. The micrometer is
roughly the size of a regular stapler and has four main parts: 1)
frame, 2) dial, 3) hand lever, and 4) piston. The total weight of the
instrument is 8 pounds. A micrometer has applications for the
production of paper as well as printing and publishing industries.

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/arlandisjones/technical-
definitions-description
Discriminatio
n against
women
Source:
Bullying

Source:
Child abuse

Source:

LESSON 3
EXPANDED DEFINITIONS OF WORDS

Name: ________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

Content Standard
Give expanded definition of words EN10V-IIIa-13.9

Performance Standard
Write an expanded definition of the given terms using the techniques
presented in this lesson.

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

9
Learning Competencies

The learner…
a. identifies techniques of expanded definitions;
b. values the importance of expanded definitions of words; and
c. develops expanded definition of words using the given techniques.

Key Concepts

A. TECHNIQUES OF EXTENDED DEFINITION

An important writing tool you'll need, particularly if you are writing for no
specialists, is definition—or more specifically, extended definition. An extended
definition is a one or more paragraphs that attempt to explain a complex term.
Some terms may be so important in your report, there may be so much confusion
about them, or they may be so difficult to understand that an extended discussion
is vital for the success of your report.
Definition can begin with a synonym, a brief phrase, or a formal sentence
that explains the term/field in its most basic form. The techniques you use will
depend on what is appropriate for audience and subject matter. These techniques
are listed below:

1. Etymology – explaining origin of the word itself

2. History – if relevant, discussing the history of the term/its
use/controversies associated with it
3. Cause and Effect – discussing how the situation came about and
what effects it may have
4. Description – listing and defining the component parts
5. Principles of Operation – discussing how topic in question
functions, including any special materials or conditions required
6. Classification - showing how the topic fits into a larger category
7. Contrast/Negation – showing how the topic differs from others in
the same class
8. Comparison – showing how the topic is similar to others in the class
9. Analogy – explaining by comparing two dissimilar topics, where
the second is familiar to the audience
10. Examples
11. Illustrations

Exercises/Activities

Activity 1. Make it Formal

Formal sentence definitions: their components are the term being defined, the
class it belongs to, and its distinguishing characteristics.

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

10
 Directions: COPY the following sentences with formal definitions. Encircle
the term defined, then underline twice the class to which the term belongs,
and underline once the characteristics or the details about the term that
distinguish it from other members of the class. A sample is given as your
guide.

Example:
A university is an institution where knowledge is produced and
passed on to others.

1. Modems are devices that make possible the transmission of data to or

from a computer via telephone.

2. Hypertext Mark-Up Language (HTML) is a code used to make documents

readable across a variety of platforms and software.

3. The Internet is a global system of networked computers that allows user-

to-user communication and transfer of data files.

4. Social Economics is a branch of economics concerned with the

measurement, causes and consequences of social problems.

5. Research is a systematic process which consists of three elements or

components: (1) a question, problem, or hypothesis, (2) data, and (3)
analysis and interpretation of data.

6. An algorithm is a finite description of a finite number of steps required to

accomplish some well-defined tasks.

7. Carbohydrates are a food group including sugars, starches, and cellulose.

8. Influenza is an acute highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract,

which occurs sporadically or in epidemics that lasts up to a month.
Activity 2. Know the Source

Directions: Match the following questions to the kinds of techniques used in the
extended definitions. Write the letter of your answer.

Considerations Sources
of Extended Definitions

1. Does anything related to the term being defined need

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

11
 to be described? A. Process Narration

2. Is there some process (natural, social) associated B. Effects, results,

with the term that should be discussed? consequences

C. Uses, applications
3. Do unfamiliar terms occurring in the definition also
need definition? D. Classes, types,
categories

4. Is there some history, some key individuals related E. Future developments,

to term being defined? implications

F. Advantages and
5. Does the reader need to know about causes related disadvantages
to the term being defined?
G. Historical Background

6. Does the reader need to know about effects related H. Problems, solutions
to the term being defined?
I. Similarities, differences,
analogies
7. Does the term defined represent a problem or a
solution? J. Examples

K. Cause, causes
8. Should you discuss numerical data related to the
term defined – percentages, amounts, etc.? L. Negatives

M. Description
9. Would it help to discuss uses or applications related
N. Statistics
to the term?
O. Additional Definition
10. Is the term similar to or different from something P. Word Origins
else? Would an analogy help define the term?

11. Are there categories that the term can be divided?

12. Would examples contribute to the definition of the

term?

13. Would an understanding of the roots, the

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

12
 etymology, of the word help define it?

14. Should future developments related to the term be

discussed? Does it have implications- good or bad,
both?

15. Would explaining what the term is not, what it does

not refer to help?

16. Are there advantages and disadvantages related to

the term that can be discussed?

Activity 3. The Expander

Directions: Define the following terms and write the technique used in
expanding the definition. You may use the Internet or your books for the
definitions. Be sure to include the source.

Term to Expanded
Define Definition
Paper Technique used: Description
micrometer
A paper micrometer is a small measuring instrument used to
measure the thickness of a piece of paper.

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/arlandisjones/technical-
definitions-description
Education Technique used:

Source:

Senior High Technique used:

School

Source:

Pandemic Technique used:

Source:

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

13
Activity 4. My Treasure

Directions: Reflect on how you performed in this lesson, and make a plan on how
to treasure and value your learnings. Answer the following questions.

1. What are the different techniques used in expanded definitions?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is expanded definition important?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. How would you use your knowledge in expanding definition in your future
endeavor as a student?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
in English 10

LESSON 4
GRAMMAR IN MAKING DEFINITIONS

Name: ________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

Content Standard
Observe correct grammar in making definitions EN10G-IIa-29

Performance Standard
Write definitions observing correct grammar.

Learning Competencies

In this lesson, you will learn to observe correct grammar in making definitions.
Specifically, you are expected to:
a. identify parts of a definition; and
b. use sentence patterns in writing definitions.

Key Concepts

THE GRAMMAR OF DEFINITIONS

An important skill to develop in order to make grammatically correct

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

14
definitions is the use of relation pronouns as well as participial and prepositional
phrases in stating the distinguishing characteristic of the term defined.

Study these examples:

A. Antilife acts are measures which are intended to terminate life willfully
and consciously.

B. Antilife acts are measures intended to terminate life willfully and

consciously.

In the examples above, the distinguishing characteristics are underlined. In

Example A, the distinguishing characteristic is a relative clause beginning with
that (a relative pronoun). The relative pronouns which you can use; that, which
who, when, where, wherein, whereby, and by which.

On the other hand, the distinguishing characteristic of the term defined in

Example B is a participial phrase beginning with seeking (a present participle).
Here are the types of phrases which you can use.
✓ Present participial phrase (beginning with +ing form of the verb)
✓ Past participial phrase (beginning with the +ed/d/en form of the verb
✓ Prepositional phrase (beginning with a preposition such as for, to, etc.)
Exercises/Activities

Activity 1. Combination is the Key

Directions: Combine the two sentences in each item to come up with a full
definition. Change the second sentence into a clause that begins with which, who,
or that. A sample is given as your guide.

Example:
Chemistry is a science.
Chemistry deals with the study of the composition and properties of substances.

Combined sentence:
Chemistry is a science that deals with the study of the composition and
properties of substances.

1. A computer is an electronic system

A computer is designed to manipulate and store data.
_________________________________________________________________________

2. A printer is a computer hardware.

A printer is used to produce printed output.
_________________________________________________________________________

3. Internet is a global computer network.

Internet connects users with service networks such as the World Wide Web.

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

15
 __________________________________________________________________________

4. A modem is a device.
A modem connects computers via a telephone line.
__________________________________________________________________________

5. A software is a program, routine and symbolic language.

A software is essential to the operation and maintenance of a computer.
__________________________________________________________________________

B. Shortening Full Definitions

Full definitions can be shortened by changing the relative clause into a

participial phrase. Shorten the full definitions below by removing the relative
pronoun (which, that, who) and by changing the verb into its ing or –ed (en) form
or by removing which/that/who is.

Example:
Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics that deals with the
study of language use rather than structure.

Shortened: Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics dealing with the

study of language use rather than structure.

Activity 2. Shorter Version 2.0

Directions: Revise the sentences in each item to come up with a shortened

definition. Take a look at the sample given above for your guide.

1. Atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the earth.

2. Dialysis is a medical process that is used to treat patients with kidney

disease.

3. Ultrasound is a technique that uses high frequency sound waves for medical
diagnosis.

4. An antidote is a substance that counteracts the effects of a toxin.

5. A probiotic is a substance that contains beneficial microorganisms.

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

16
Activity 3. Mixed No More

The parts of each definition are mixed up. Write the definition by putting the
parts in their proper places.

1. a friend whom we like and who likes us – is someone

2. which needs to be cultivated – is a special relationship – friendship

3. digestion – of breaking down food for use of the body – is the process

4. is a series of events photosynthesis in which carbon, hydrogen,

and oxygen combine to form a carbohydrate

5. where hydrogen combines with carbon and oxygen – carbondioxide

fixation- is the phase of photosynthesis

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

in English 10

LESSON 5
RESEARCH REPORT

Name: ________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

Content Standard
Compose a research report on a relevant social issue EN10SS-IVe-2.3

Performance Standard
Develop a research report proposal that seeks solution to the existing
problems of the society.

Learning Competencies

The learner…

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

17
 a. identifies pressing problem in the society;
b. seeks solution to the chosen issue through developing research report
proposal with 2 parts only (Introduction and Review of Related Literature
with references); and
c. values the significance of research in finding solutions to the problems.

Key Concepts

WRITING A RESEARCH REPORT

A research paper or report generally takes a structure that seems difficult
but is intended to help make reading or research quick and efficient.

A research report has seven components:

1. Abstract or Summary - The abstract or summary tells the reader very

briefly what the main points and findings of the paper are.
– This allows the reader to decide whether the paper is useful to them.
– Get into the habit of reading only abstracts while searching for papers
that are relevant to your research.
2. Introduction - The introduction tells the reader what the topic of the
paper is in general terms, why the topic is important, and what to expect in
the paper.
– Introductions should funnel from general ideas to the specific topic of
the paper

3. Review of Literature
The literature review tells the reader what other researchers have
discovered about the paper’s topic or tells the reader about another
research that is relevant to the topic.
– The literature review has its own voice. The sources of information
are not extensively quoted or “copied and pasted.” Instead, the
author puts facts and ideas into his or her own words while pointing
out where the information came from.
– Think about how you tell family members about the exciting
things you learned in classes. You make claims in your own words…
you don’t quote word for word or cut and paste what you learned.
– We have conventions that allow the reader to figure out where
information is coming from.
● In text, just pointing out where info came from:
Ideas… (Author Year) or (Lee 2004).
● In text, where you quoted someone:
“Quote quote” (Author Year: Pages) or (Lee 2004: 340).
● In text, more than one source:
(Author Year; Author Year) or (Lee 2004; Seymour & Hewitt 1997)
● In text, if you want to use the author’s name in a sentence:
Author (Year) says that… or Lee (2004) claims that girls…
● Quoting a person and using their name:
Author (Year: Pages) says, “Quote quote…” or Lee (2004: 341)
says, “Girls are more likely to…”

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

18
 4. Methods
A methods section must contain:

– Descriptions of Data
• Think in terms of: “Who, What, When, Where, Why and How?”
• Target Population
• The Ways Data were Collected:
– Sampling
– Delivery Methods
• Response Rates
• Limitations of Data (Who is omitted, biases)
• Any analyses necessary to bolster claims the data are
appropriate
• Sample sizes through various decisions
Such as:
» eliminating non-Christians from the sample
» using only white respondents

– Descriptions of Variables
• Statement of dependent and independent variables
• Names for the variables—make them intuitive!
• Word for word description of the questions. (sociology differs
from psychology and medicine here)
• The ways variables are coded

– Manipulations of the variables or data

• For example:
– recoding income from 23 uneven intervals to five
equivalent categories
– removing non-citizens if studying voting patterns
5. Results
The results section chronicles the findings of the statistical analyses
and assesses whether your expectations (hypotheses) were correct.

The results section includes:

– Professional tables showing descriptive and inferential statistics
– Narrative describing most relevant findings
– The narrative and tables are complementary.
• The narrative discusses ONLY VERY IMPORTANT findings and
refers to where information can be found in the tables as
different facts are discussed.

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

19
 • The

tables contain almost all statistical information so that the

author does not have to write a narrative for every detail in the
analysis.

• Evaluations of the hypotheses. Were the research hypotheses

supported?

• Statements about new discoveries or surprises encountered in

the analyses

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

20
 6. Conclusions and Discussion
This section assesses how one’s research findings relate to what the
community of scholars knew already.
– You should summarize the most salient points of your research (tell
the reader what you found out about your topic).
– Discuss the general significance of your topic and findings.
– You should discuss the shortcomings of your study and what
implications these have for your findings.
– Discuss things future researchers should investigate about your topic.
– Leave the reader with the understanding he or she ought to have
about the topic you spent so much time exploring.

7. References
The references are just as important as any other part of your paper.
They are the link to the community of scholars that will permit your reader
to assess the worthiness of the claims you make in your paper. References
also make the research process much more efficient because they make it
very easy to look up sources of facts and ideas.
Should be hanging indented, alphabetical on author’s last name (by
increasing year within same author) with information in order
determined by type of source:

Article
Last Name, first name. Year. “Article title.” Journal Name Volume: 1st Page-
Last Page.
Lee, James Daniel. 2005. “Do Girls Change More than Boys? Gender
Differences and Similarities in the Impact of New Relationships on
Identities and Behaviors.” Self and Identity 4:131-47.
Chapter
Last Name, first name. Year. “Chapter Name.” Pages in the book in Book
Name, edited by first name last name. City of Publisher: Publisher.
Book:
Last name, first name. Year. Book Name. City of Publisher: Publisher.

A website:
Last Name (if available), first name. Year (if available). “Article or web page
title.” Journal or Report Name Volume (if available). http://address.
Date accessed.

Some General Points

1. Make accurate claims in your paper. Stake out positions—a kind of, “I think
I have the answer to this issue,” position.
2. Cite facts to support your claims, and use theories to support your claims.
3. Every declaration or “fact claim” must be cited or overtly posed as
speculation.
4. Anticipate your reader’s questions as you write:
a. help the reader understand why your topic is important
b. demonstrate to the reader that you adequately investigated your topic
c. help them anticipate what you’ll say next—everything you say should
seem reasonable to say

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

21
 5. While writing, keep thinking “The point is to (1) establish hypotheses (2)
describe how to test the hypotheses (3) give results of tests, and (4) discuss
what the reader should believe about the world.”
6. There is no right answer in a research paper—Just approximate
representations of the truth that are closer or further away from that truth.

Exercises/Activities

Activity 1. My Performance Output: Research Report Proposal

Directions: Based on the title or topic that you have developed in Lesson 1; your
task is to develop a research proposal about it. Write only the first two parts of the
proposal – Introduction and Literature Review, then cite the References. Study the
given sample, copy the format, and develop your own.
THE IMPACT OF SCHOOL BULLYING ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
FROM TEACHERS POINT OF VIEW

Hana Khaled Al-Raqqad, Eman Saeed Al-Bourini,

Fatima Mohammad Al Talahin & Raghda Michael Elias Aranki

1. INTRODUCTION

Bullying exists in all communities since long time. Bullying exists either in developed or

developing societies. Bullying starts in early age. Child starts to build an initial concept of bullying.

Then, it starts increasing and continues until it reaches its peak in the basic phase stage (4, 5, and 6). It

continues in higher basic stage, and then started to decline at secondary level (Dickerson, 2005).

Bullying is considered a common form of violence in schools. Various studies indicated that bullying

makes schools to be unsafe places for schools’ students and it contributes in the belief that some

schools are become not safe anymore (Maliki et al., 2009). Shahria et al. (2015) reported that bullying

is deemed as a serious problem in academic settings in all parts of the world. They found that bullying

has negative impact on academic performance. Females were more affected than males by bullying.

Bullying constitutes a complex problem in school kids lives. It is a problem that affects all

students, either bullies or victims, and those who attended interpersonal violence. Bullying may

involve many sections verbal, physical assaults, threats, jokes or language, and criticizing. All of such

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

22
factors affect individually, or collectively, and contributes in child’s bullying. It is well known that

bullying is difficult to eliminate or to stop it in schools because it is used by students. Alison (2016)

stated that bullying is considered as global problem that affect emotional, social, and physical

wellbeing of school-age children worldwide Shafqat (2015, p. 45) argued that bullying in schools

occurs in any place either in school building or around school building and may occur in bathrooms,

school buses and during waiting for school buses, and in classes which may require group work or

after school activities. School bullying is a widespread issue that affects school students in many parts

of their lives such as; psychologically, educationally and professionally. Sekol and Farrington (2016)

found that bullies, compared to non-bullies have been bullied before, bullying at school affects

academic achievement since bullied children feel fear and weak and in the same time it affects

students’ personality traits and self-confidence.

Therefore, such situation makes bullied students unable to follow or to pay attention for their

study well and even they might do not like to go to school. Moreover, they miss opportunities to

participate with their colloquies or even enjoy school activities. Many researchers found

(ies.ccsenet.org International Education Studies Vol. 10, No. 6; 2017 45) that there is a strong

relationship between bullying academic achievement. Students lose concentration when they are

attending their classes.

1.1 Statement of Problem

Bullying is a problem that affects all students, either the person the bully, the victims, and

those who witnesses. Bullying may include verbal, physical assaults, threats, jokes or language,

mockery and criticizing, insulting behavior and facial expressions. All of such factors work either

individually, or collectively, for contributing in students’ likelihood of bullying. It is well known that

bullying is difficult to eliminate or to stop it in schools because it is used by students. Bullying at

school has various impact, among such impact is the academic achievement. Therefore, the research

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

23
problem is to determine the impact of school bullying on students’ academic achievement from

teachers’ point of view.

1.2 Significance of the Study

The research importance stems from the importance of the topic it deals with, which is

considered very important for many parties. Moreover, it will enable those concerned know how to

deal with the problem of bullying and its obvious consequences on school students’ achievement. It

also enables the victims to know how to avoid being bullied.

1.3 The Study Purpose

The study aimed to achieve the following objectives:

1) To specify the impact of bullying in schools in general

2) To find out the impact of bullying in schools on students’ academic achievement

1.4 Definition of Terms

Bullying: Bullying is defined as “repeated acts of unprovoked aggression that are damaging

psychologically or physically for the victim, and where the strength of the aggressor/s and the victim

is unequal” (Jankauskiene et al., 2008, p. 46). Bullying is one of the most evident problems that

children face in education system; in addition, it is one of the most important health risks (Raskauskas

& Modell, 2011, p. 64). Bullying is perceived as serious problem in schools in these days (Rose &

Monda-Amaya, 2011, p. 4).

School bullying: It is defined as a form of violence that harms others and it occurs at school or during

various activities when a student or group of students uses their strength in hurting other individuals

or other groups. School bullying is considered as “aggressive behavior which mostly usually contains

no equivalent power between the bully and the victim, and occurs many times over the time”.

Bullying Forms:

There are several forms of bullying as follows: (Quiroz et al., 2006)

1. Physical bullying: such as hitting, slapping, kicking or forced to do something.

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

24
 2. Verbal bullying: verbal abuse, insults, cursing, excitement, threats, false rumors, giving

names and titles for individual, or giving ethnic label.

3. Sexual bullying: this refers to use dirty words, touch, or threat of doing.

4. Psychological bullying: harassment, threats and intimidation, humiliation and rejection from

the group.

5. Bullying in social relations: preventing some individuals from exercising certain activities

or reject their friendship or spreading rumors about others.

6. Properties Bullying: taking other people’s things and dispose, or destroy.

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Impact of bullying on Academic achievement: Cythia (2014) analyzed bullying impact on

student’s performance either in short or long term. She found that there are differences in relationship

between bullying level and academic performance depending on student´s academic achievement.

Nadine (2014) investigated bullying impact on student’s ability to academically succeed. Nadine

found that bullied students have feel of fear from coming to school because they feel that they are

unsafe; therefore, they are unable to concentrate which reelect negatively on their academic success.

Mundbjerg et al. (2014) analyzed the relationship between bullying in elementary school in Denmark.

They found that bullied students have lower academic achievement in 9th grade and bullying impacts

are larger if it is more severe.

Placidius (2013) found that physical bullying was perceived as a dominant bullying element.

Boys prefer to be bullies more than girls. Poor academic performance was as impact of bullying.

Mehta et al. (2013) found that when students feel that bullying is a phenomenon in their school, they

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

25
feel that they are unsafe which reflected on less engaged in school community. Therefore, they have

less motivation to do well at school and they do not participate in school activities. Bullying affects

student’s academic achievement in various ways. Ammermueller (2012) found that being bullied has

a significantly negative impact on present and future students’ performance in school Brank et al.

(2012) indicated that bullying victims are weak, shy, and anxious. They added that victims’

performance is poor in school and seek to avoid attending school classes for the purpose of avoiding

victimization. Victimization experiencing can lead to poor academic performance and leading to

absenteeism.

Skapinakis et al. (2011) found that victims were more likely to report suicidal thoughts than

were bullies. Juvonen, et al. (2011) said that bullying experiences affect victims’ academic

achievement in both direct and indirect ways. So bullied student by his peers may become worried

and afraid of being teased, therefore he may stop participating in class or may has e trouble in

concentrating on class work because of fear. They added that students who are often subject to be

bullied by their peers during school period have less engagement at school and poor grades. Konishi

et al. (2010) confirmed that interpersonal relationships within school environment influence academic

achievement.

Roman and Murillo (2011) found that aggression in schools has a negative effect on academic

achievement in Latin America. They affirmed that students who have been physically or verbally

abused perform less. Marcela and Javier (2011) found that bullying is a serious problem throughout

Latin America they indicated that; students who suffer from their peer’s aggression have lower

performance in reading and math than those who do not; and students who are in classrooms with

more physical or verbal violence perform are worse than those in less violent classroom settings.

Konishi et al. (2010) found that school bullying affects negatively academic achievement.

Chaux et al. (2009) argued that ten to fifteen percent of adolescents worldwide are bullied two

or more times a month. Skrzypiec (2008) found that third of students who had been seriously bullied

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

26
reported having serious difficulties in concentrating and paying attention in class because of bullying

and the fear associated with. Glew ies.ccsenet.org International Education Studies Vol. 10, No. 6;

2017 47 et al. (2005) reported that bullying prevents concentration and subsequent academic

achievement since bullying victims lose interest in learning and experience a drop in academic grades

because their attention is distracted from learning. Mishna (2003) indicated that bullying is “a form of

aggression in which there is an imbalance of power between the bully and the victim that occurs

largely in the context of the peer group”.

These concepts and ideas presented are comparable to the present study since they

focused on the effect of school bullying on students’ academic achievement . The perspectives of

the different researchers served as guiding point of the present researcher. Consequently,

these studies are valuable that supported this study even if the respondents, the programs, and

the models used in study were presented in different ways.

REFERENCES

Ammermueller, A. (2012). Violence in European schools: A widespread phenomenon that matters

for educational production. Labour Economics, 19(6), 908-922.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2012.08.010

Brank, E. M., Hoetger, L., & Hazen, K. P. (2012). Bullying. The Annual Review of Law and Social
Science, 8, 213-230. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102811-173820

Chaux, E., Molano, A., & Poflrsky, P. (2009). Socio-economic, socio-political and socio-emotional
variables explaining school bullying: A country-wide multilevel analysis. Aggressive Behavior,
35, 520-529. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20320

Cynthia, V. (2014). The Effects of Bullying on Academic Achievement. Desarro. soc. no. 74, bogotá,
segundo semestre, 275-308

Dickerson, D. (2005). Cyberbullies on campus. University of Toledo Law Review, 37 estudiantes y

desempeño escolar. Revista Cepal, 104, 37-54.

Konishi, C., Hymel, S., Zumbo, B. D., & Li, Z. (2010). Do school bullying and student teacher and
academic achievement. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 25(1), 19-39.

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

27
Mishna, F. (2003). Learning disabilities and bullying. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36(4), 336-
347. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194030360040501

Quiroz, H. C., Arnette, J. L., & Stephens, R. D. (2006). Bullying in schools: Discussion activities for
school communities. Retrieved from http://www.schoolsafety.us

LAS References:

1. https://pdfcoffee.com/lesson-1-technical-terms-in-research-1-pdf-free.html

2. https://guides.lib.utexas.edu/c.php?g=674020&p=5143670

3.https://umd.instructure.com/courses/1087526/pages/11-techniques-of-
extended-definition

4. https://www.prismnet.com/~hcexres/textbook/def.html

5. file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/DEFINITIONS.pdf

6. https://www.google.com/search?q=writing+a+research+report+ppt

7. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1144634.pdf

Republic of the Philippines

CARAGA Region
Division of Agusan Del Sur
TRENTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Trento, Agusan Del Sur

Fourth Quarter Summative Test in English 10

S.Y. 2020-2021

Name:_____________________________________ Date: ________________

Teacher: __________________________________ Score: _______________

I. Multiple Choice

A. Directions: Choose the correct expression to complete each definition. Write the
letter of the correct answer.
1. Selfrespect is a quality of character one’s own weaknesses and
strengths with dignity.

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

28
 A. recognize B. recognized C. which recognizes D. which is recognized

2. Strength of character is a trait by a person’s will power, selfrestraint,

and determination.
A. reveal B. revealed C. which reveals D. which revealed

3. A leader refers to one competence in management, rapport with

his followers and innate ability to adjust and act to varied situations.
A. exhibit B. exhibited C. who exhibits D. who exhibited

4. Anger is a negative emotion a person’s ability to think logically.

A. paralyze B. paralyzing C. paralyzes D. paralyzed

5. Courtesy is a positive trait personal interaction very pleasant.

A. that make B. that makes C. that made D. that is made

6. Success is a goal by service granted.

A. that measure B. that measures C. that measured D. that is measured
7. Dialysis is a medical process to treat patients with kidney disease.
A. used B. using C. that used D. that uses

8. Psychology is a science with human mind, mental states, and

human behavior.
A. deal B. dealing C. deals D. dealt

9. A printer is a computer hardware to produce a hard copy of an

output.
A. use B. using C. that is used D. that uses

10. A probiotic is a substance beneficial microorganism.

A. contain B. contained C. that is contained D. that contains
B. Directions: Read each statement or question and choose the best answer.

1. A literature review is
A. Conducted after you have decided upon your research question
B. Helps in the formulation of your research aim and research question
C. Is the last thing to be written in your research report
D. Is not part of a research proposal

2. Which is not a feature of a research proposal?

A. A short literature review
B. A discussion of the findings
C. A section on how the data is to be analyzed
D. A section discussing proposed data collection method

3. A research proposal
A. Contains a discussion as to the degree to which your findings were valid and
reliable

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

29
 B. Is always presented as a written document
C. Acts as a guide to your research and indicates clearly what you intend to do
D. Is not that important – your ideas are sure to change and it isn’t assessed anyway

4. Which of the following abbreviations can be used in a research report?

A. IQ B. sec. for second C. yr. for year D. mo. for
month

5. Which of the following is not one of the seven major parts to the research report?
A. Results B. Abstract C. Method D. Footnotes

6. It is in this section that you fully interpret and evaluate your results.
A. Introduction B. Method C. Results D. Discussion

7. Where do you provide a step-by-step account of what the researcher and

participants did during the research study?
A. Introduction B. Abstract C. Procedure D. Design

8. If you have good research skills, and you're doing it, you feel a bit like you are:
A. Solving a mystery B. Designing a puzzle
C. Digging in the ground D. Classifying books in a library

9. Where should a research paper's overall conclusion first be seen by a reader?

A. Conclusions B. Introduction C. Hypotheses D. Abstract

10. An abstract generally should:

A. be short B. argue C. persuade D. discuss result

11. Which section should provide recommendations of how other researchers could
improve on research be included?
A. Methods and Data B. Results and Discussion
C. References D. Conclusion

12. Which word should you avoid using in your paper?

A. Prove B. Conclude C. Generalization D. Inconclusive

II. Identification

Directions: Write D if the sentence is a definition and ND if it is not a definition.

____1. A square is a polygon that has four equal sides.

____2. A microscope is needed to conduct experiments with microorganisms.
____3. Scientists work with clearly defined objectives.
____4. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food.
____5. Understanding human genetics is important in medical sciences.
____6. Her father is a well-known surgeon working in a huge hospital.
____7. Abortion is illegal in the Philippines.
____8. Mammals that have backbones are called vertebrates.
____9. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

30
____10. Compounds are chemical substances formed by combining elements.

III. Completion

Directions: Read the selection in the box and find out how the author defines anti-
life acts. Complete the chart below with the parts of each definition.

Antilife acts are measures that seek to terminate life willfully and
consciously. Today, there are four generally recognized antilife acts which bear
scrutiny: abortion, euthanasia, terrorism, and capital punishment. Abortion is
referred to as the termination of pregnancy before the fetus reaches 20 weeks
of gestation. Euthanasia connotes the act of causing death painlessly so as to
end the suffering of patients who have no chance of recovery. Meanwhile, the
act of using force, violence, or threat to demoralize, intimidate, or subjugate
others is known as terrorism. Lastly, capital punishment is defined as the
death penalty imposed on persons found guilty of major crimes against
persons and properties.

Term Class Distinguishing Characteristic

1. Antilife
acts
2. Euthanasia

3. Abortion

4. Terrorism

5. Capital
punishment

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

31
Answer Key

Summative Test

1. B
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. A
11. D
12. A

School/Station: Trento National High School

Division: Agusan del Sur
School ID: 304753

32