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Control Chart Constants and Formulas

This document contains tables of constants and formulas for control charts. Table 8A provides factors for calculating control limits for X-bar and R charts and X-bar and s charts with varying subgroup sizes. Table 8B gives factors for median charts, individual value charts, and moving range charts. Table 8C presents formulas for calculating control limits for p-charts, np-charts, c-charts, and u-charts for attribute data with both variable and constant sample sizes.

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Pankaj Priyadarshi
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2K views

Control Chart Constants and Formulas

This document contains tables of constants and formulas for control charts. Table 8A provides factors for calculating control limits for X-bar and R charts and X-bar and s charts with varying subgroup sizes. Table 8B gives factors for median charts, individual value charts, and moving range charts. Table 8C presents formulas for calculating control limits for p-charts, np-charts, c-charts, and u-charts for attribute data with both variable and constant sample sizes.

Uploaded by

Pankaj Priyadarshi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tables of Constants for Control charts

Table 8A - Variable Data


X bar and R Charts
Chart for Averages Control Limits Factor Subgroup size (n) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 25 ref : AIAG manual for SPC

X bar and s charts

Chart for Averages Chart for Standard Deviation (s) Chart for Ranges (R) Divisors Divisors to to Control Estimate Factors for Control estimate Factors for Control Limits Factor Limits Limits x x

A2 1.880 1.023 0.729 0.577 0.483 0.419 0.373 0.337 0.308 0.223 0.153

d2 1.128 1.693 2.059 2.326 2.534 2.704 2.847 2.970 3.078 3.472 3.931

D3 0.076 0.136 0.184 0.223 0.347 0.459

D4 3.267 2.574 2.282 2.114 2.004 1.924 1.864 1.816 1.777 1.653 1.541

A3 2.659 1.954 1.628 1.427 1.287 1.182 1.099 1.032 0.975 0.789 0.606

c4 0.7979 0.8862 0.9213 0.9400 0.9515 0.9594 0.9650 0.9693 0.9727 0.9823 0.9896

B3 0.030 0.118 0.185 0.239 0.284 0.428 0.565

B4 3.267 2.568 2.266 2.089 1.970 1.882 1.815 1.761 1.716 1.572 1.435

Centerline X bar and R Charts

Control Limits
UCLX = X + A2 R
LCL
X

x
R d2

CL X = X
CLR = R

= X A2 R

UCLR = D4 R
UCLX = X + A3 S

LCL R = D3 R

X bar and s Charts

CLX = X

LCL X = X A3 S

CL s = s

UCL s = B4 s

LCL s = B 3 s

s c4

Institute of Quality and Reliability www.world-class-quality.com

Control Chart Factors

Page 1 of 3

Tables of Constants for Control charts


Table 8B Variable Data
Median Charts
Chart for Medians Chart for Ranges (R) Chart for Individuals Control Limits Factor E2 2.660 1.772 1.457 1.290 1.184 1.109 1.054 1.010 0.975 ref : AIAG manual for SPC

Charts for Individuals


Chart for Moving Range (R) Divisors to Estimate Factors for Control x Limits d2 1.128 1.693 2.059 2.326 2.534 2.704 2.847 2.970 3.078 D3 0.076 0.136 0.184 0.223 D4 3.267 2.574 2.282 2.114 2.004 1.924 1.864 1.816 1.777

Control Divisors to Limits Estimate Factors for Control Factor Limits x Subgroup size 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

~ A2
1.880 1.187 0.796 0.691 0.548 0.508 0.433 0.412 0.362

d2 1.128 1.693 2.059 2.326 2.534 2.704 2.847 2.970 3.078

D3 0.076 0.136 0.184 0.223

D4 3.267 2.574 2.282 2.114 2.004 1.924 1.864 1.816 1.777

Centerline
CL

Control Limits
UCL
~ X

Median Charts Charts for Individuals

~ X

~ = X

~ ~ = X + A2 R

LCL

~ X

~ = X A2 R

CLR = R

UCLR = D4 R

LCL R = D3 R

CL

= X

UCL X = X + E 2 R

LCL X = X E 2 R

CLR = R

UCLR = D4 R

LCL R = D3 R

Institute of Quality and Reliability www.world-class-quality.com

Control Chart Factors

Page 2 of 3

Tables of Formulas for Control charts


Table 8 C Attribute Data
Centerline
ref : AIAG manual for SPC

Control Limits
Samples not necessarily of constant size

UCL
p chart for CL p = p proportions of units in a category

pi

= p+3

p (1 p ) ni

LCL p i = p 3

p (1 p ) ni
p (1 p ) n

If the Sample size is constant (n)

UCL p = p + 3

p (1 p ) n

LCL p = p 3

np chart for number / rate of units in a category c chart for number of incidences in one or more categories

CL = np np

UCLnp = np + 3 np(1 p)
UCLc = c + 3 c

LCLnp = np 3 np(1 p)
LCLc = c 3 c

CL c = c

Samples not necessarily of constant size

CLu = u
u chart for number of incidences per unit in one or more categories

UCLu = u + 3

u ni

LCLu = u 3

u ni

using average sample size


UCL u = u + 3 u n UCL u = u 3 u n

If the sample size is constant (n)


UCL u = u + 3 u n UCL u = u 3 u n

Institute of Quality and Reliability www.world-class-quality.com

Control Chart Factors

Page 3 of 3

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