CH3 Solutions

CHAPTER Solutions Key
3 Linear Systems
ARE YOU READY? PAGE 179 23. x + _1_ = - _1_ 24. - _1_ = 3x - _1_ x
2 5 2 3
1. D 2. C 10x + 5 = -2 -3 = 18x - 2x
10x = -7 -3 = 16x
3. E 4. B
x = - ___ - ___ = x
7 3
2
5. LCM = 3 × 2 6. LCM = 2 3 × 7 10 16
= 18 = 56
7. LCM = 2 3 × 3 2 8. LCM = 5 × 3 3 3-1 USING GRAPHS AND TABLES TO
= 72 = 135 SOLVE LINEAR SYSTEMS,
PAGES 182-189
9. perpendicular
10. parallel; 11. perpendicular; CHECK IT OUT!
5x - 10y = 3 x-y=3 x + 2y = 10
1a. _____________ 3x - y = 9
____________
- 10y = -5x + 3 y=x-3 (4) + 2(3) 10 3(4) - (3) 9
y = _1_ x - ___
3 10 10 ✓ 9 9✓
2 10 and (4, 3) is a solution.
x+y=4 6x - 7y = 1
b. _____________
and y = -x + 4 6(5) - 7(3) 1
y = _1_ x - 6 9 1✗
2
(5, 3) is not a solution.
12. neither; and
 2y + 6 = x
2x - 3y = -4 3y - x = 5 2a. 
3y = 2x + 4 3y = x + 5 4x = 3 + y

y = _2_ x + _4_ y = _1_ x + _5_ y = _1_ x - 3 y = 4x - 3
3 3 3 3 2
13. 1.5(8) + 3(14) _
3_
14. 5(6) - (-4) x y x y
4
= 12 + 42 = 30 + 3 2 -2 2 5
= 54 = 33 0 -3
0 -3
75(1) -2 -11
2 ( √2
15. 4(0.25) - √ ) 16. - _____ -2 -4
= 1 - √4 3 _1
(3) The solution to the system is (0, -3).
=1-2 x+y=8
= - ___
75
= -1 1 b. 
2x - y = 4
= -75 
y = -x + 8 y = 2x - 4
17. 8x + 19 = -5 18. 5x + 4 = 25 - 2x
x y x y
8x = -24 7x + 4 = 25
x = -3 7x = 21 0 8 0 -4
x=3 2 6 2 0
19. 9x - (x + 12) = -13 20. -3(4x - 5) - 1 = 20 4 4 4 4
9x - x - 12 = -13 -12x + 15 - 1 = 20
The solution to the system is (4, 4).
8x - 12 = -13 -12x + 14 = 20 y-x=5
8x = -1 -12x = 6 c. 
3x + y = 1
x = - _1_ x = - ___
6 
8 12
x = - _1_
y=x+5 y = -3x + 1
2 x y x y
21. _1_ x + _2_ x = 8 22. _2_ x + _1_ = -4 -1 4 -1 4
4 3 5 6
3x + 8x = 96 12x + 5 = -120 0 5 0 1
11x = 96 12x = -125
1 6 1 -2
x = ___ x = - ____
96 125
11 12 The solution to the system is (-1, 4).
83 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

7x - y = -11 ➀ x+4=y ➀ 4. ________________
5y - 5x = 10 3x + 10 = 2y
3a.  b.  _______________
3y = 21x + 33 ➁ 5y = 5x + 35 ➁ 5(2) - 5(-2) 10 3(-2) + 10 2(2)
 
➀ y = 7x + 11 ➀ y=x+4 20 10 ✗ 4 4✓
➁ y = 7x + 11 ➁ y=x+7 Because the point is not a solution of both
consistent, dependent; inconsistent; no solution equations, (-2, 2) is not a solution of the system.
infinite number of 5. ___________
y=3-x 6x + 2y = 2
_______________
solutions 4 3 - (-1) 6(-1) + 2(4) 2
4. Step 1 Write an equation for costs with each calling 4 4✓ 2 2✓
card. [then “Let x represent....” ending with “Card B” Because the point is a solution of both equations,
and its equation] (-1, 4) is a solution of the system.
Let x represent the number of minutes and y + x = 5
y represent the total cost. 6. 
3x - 5y = -1

y = __ x + _1_
Card A: y = 0.05x + 0.50 3
y = -x + 5
Card B: y = 0.08x + 0.20 5 5
x y x y
Step 2 Solve the system by using a table of values.
-1 6
- _2_
y = 0.05x + 0.50 y = 0.08x + 0.20
-1
x y x y 0 5 5
5 0.75 5 0.60 3 2 0 _1_

5
10 1.00 10 1.00 3 2
15 1.25 15 1.40 The solution to the system is (3, 2).
So the cost is the same for each card at 10 min. 3y + 6x = 3
7. 
x - y = -7
THINK AND DISCUSS 
y = -2x + 1 y=x+7
1. Graph the two equations on the same grid. If the x y x y
line intersect once, there is 1 solution; if they are
0 1 0 7
parallel, there is no solution; if they coincide, there
are infinitely many solutions. -1 3 -1 6
2. A solution to a system is represented on a graph -2 5 -2 5
by a point of intersection, and parallel lines never The solution to the system is (-2, 5).
intersect.
y - x = 0
3. %XACTLY/NE )NFINITELY-ANY
8. 
8x + 4y = -24
3OLUTION 3OLUTIONS .O3OLUTION 
y=x y = -2x - 6
%XAMPLE yx yx yx
yx yx yx x y x y
'RAPH y y y
0 0 0 -6
x x x
-1 -1 -1 -4
-2 -2 -2 -2
3LOPES $IFFERENT 3AME 3AME

The solution to the system is (-2, -2).
y INTERCEPTS %ITHER 3AME $IFFERENT x - y = -1
9. 
4x - 2y = 2

y=x+1 y = 2x - 1
EXERCISES
GUIDED PRACTICE
x y x y
1. inconsistent 0 1 0 -1
2x - y = 3
2. ____________ y+x=6 1 2 1 1
___________
2(3) - (3) 3 (3) + (3) 6 2 3 2 3
3 3✓ 6 6✓ The solution to the system is (2, 3).
Because the point is a solution of both equations,
(3, 3) is a solution of the system.
3. _______________
y - 4x = -7 5x + y = -6
_______________
(-3) - 4(1) -7 5(1) + (-3) -6
-7 -7 ✓ 2 -6 ✗
Because the point is not a solution of both
equations, (1, -3) is not a solution of the system.

10.y = -7x + 13 11. 2x - 3y = -15 18. ___________
y = 8x + 2
4y = -28x - 12 3y = 2x + 15 1 8(6) + 2
y = -7x - 3 y = _2_ x + 5 1 50 ✗
inconsistent; no solution 3 Because the point is not a solution of both
equations, (6, 1) is not a solution of the system.
3y - 2x = 15 2 + y = x
3y = 2x + 15 19. 
y = _2_ x + 5
x+y=4

3 y=x-2 y = -x + 4
consistent, dependent;
x y x y
infinite number of
solutions 0 -2 0 4
12. 8y - 24x = 64 13. 2x + 2y = -10
1 -1 1 3
8y = 24x + 64 2y = -2x - 10
y = 3x + 8 y = -x - 5 3 1 3 1
The solution to the system is (3, 1).
9y + 45x = 72 4x + 4y = -16 4y - 2x = 4
9y = -45x + 72 4y = -4x - 16 20. 
y = -5x + 8 y = -x - 4 10x - 5y = 10
 _1_
consistent, independent; inconsistent; y= x+1 y = 2x - 2
one solution no solution 2
x y x y
14. Step 1 Write an equation for draining rate for
each tank. [then “Let x represent....” ending with 0 1 0 -2
the two equations] 2 2 2 2
Let x represent the number of minutes, and let
4 3 4 6
y represent the depth of the water.
Tank A: y = -1x + 7 The solution to the system is (2, 2).
Tank B: y = -0.5x + 5 12x + 4y = -4
Step 2 Solve the system by using a table of values. 21.
2x - y = 6
y = -x + 7 y = -0.5x + 5 
y = -3x - 1 y = 2x - 6
x y x y
x y x y
1 6 1 4.5
0 -1 0 -6
2 5 2 4 1 -4 1 -4
3 4 3 3.5 2 -7 2 -2
4 3 4 3
The solution to the system is (1, -4).
5 2 5 2.5 y = 10 - x
So the two tanks have the same amount of water 22. 
3x - 3y = 0
at 4 min. 
y = -x + 10 y=x
PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING x y x y
15. __________
x+y=0 7y - 14x = 42
_________________ -5 15 -5 -5
-2 + 2 0 7(2) - 14(-2) 42 0 10 0 0
0 0✓ 42 42 ✓
Because the point is a solution of both equations, 5 5 5 5
(-2, 2) is a solution of the system. The solution to the system is (5, 5).
24. _3_ x + 9 = 45
16. ________________
2y - 6x = 8 4y = 8x + 4
________________ 23. -27y = -24x + 42
2(-5) - 6(-3) 8 4(-5) 8(-3) + 4 _
8_ ___
14 2
y = _3_ x + 9
y= x-
8 8✓ -20 -20 ✓ 9 9
Because the point is a solution of both equations, 9y = 8x - 14 2
(-3, -5) is a solution of the system. y= x-_
8 _ ___
14
9 9 4y - 6x = 36
17. _____
y=2 y + 8 = 6x
____________ 4y = 6x + 36
y = _3_ x + 9
2 2✓ (2) + 8 6(3)
infinite number of
10 18 ✗ 2
solutions
Because the point is not a solution of both consistent, dependent;
equations, (3, 2) is not a solution of the system. infinite number of
solutions

25. 7y + 42x = 56 26. 3y = 2x Because the point is a solution of both equations,
7y = -42x + 56 y = _2_ x
y = -6x + 8 3 3x + 4y = -9
31. _______________
3(0) + 4(6) -9
25x - 5y = 100 -4x + 6y = 3 24 -9 ✗
5y = 25x - 100 6y = 4x + 3 (0, 6) is not a solution.
y = 5x - 20 y = _2_ x + _1_ 4y = -3x - 9
y = - __ x - _9_
consistent, independent; 3 2 3
inconsistent; no
one solution 4 4
solution _
3_
So y = - x - _9_ and y = 2x + 6.
27. Let x be the number of systems sold, and y be the 4 4
- __ x - _9_ = 2x + 6.
3
total money earned. y = 2x + 6
4 4
Jamail: y = 100x + 2400
-3x - 9 = 8x + 24 y = 2(-3) + 6
Wanda: y = 120x + 2200
-11x - 9 = 24 y=0
y = 100x + 2400 y = 120x + 2200
-11x = 33
x y x y x = -3
2 2600 2 2440 The solution is (-3, 0).
4 2800 4 2680 32a.Roberto: r = 15x + 12 b. from the graph: _4_ h
3
6 3000 6 2920 Alexandra: a = 18x + 8 c. from the graph: 32 mi
y
8 3200 8 3160

10 3400 10 3400

So they have to sell 10 systems to earn the same

amount.

y-x=2
28. ___________ 2x + y = 8
____________ x
(2) - (4) 2 2(4) + (2) 8

-2 2 ✗ 10 8 ✗
Because the point is
not a solution of both 33a.Lynn: l = -200x + 10,000 b. from the graph:
equations, (4, 2) is not a y = -2x + 8 Miguel: m = 50x + 5000 20 min
solution of the system. y = -2(2) + 8 y c. from the graph:
So y = x + 2 and y = -4 + 8 6000 ft
y = -2x + 8. y=4
x + 2 = -2x + 8
3x + 2 = 8
3x = 6
x
x=2
3x + y = -1
29. _______________ 8x + 6 = -y
______________ 34a. Plan A: y = 0.4x + 15 b. from the graph:
3(-1) + (2) -1 8(-1) + 6 -(2) Plan B: y = 0.25x + 30 100 min
-1 -1 ✓ -2 -2 ✓ y
(-1, 2) is a solution of the system.

x+y=9
30. ___________ 4y + 4 = x
___________
(7) + (2) 9 4(2) + 4 7
9 9✓ 12 7 ✗
Because the point is x
not a solution of both y = -x + 9
equations, (7, 2) is not a y = -(8) + 9
c. 2 hours = 120 min
solution of the system. y=1
Plan A: y = 0.4(120) + 15 = 63
So y = -x + 9 and
Plan B: y = 0.25(120) + 30 = 60
y = _1_ x - 1. He should use plan B. It is $3.00 cheaper
4
-x + 9 = _1_ x - 1
than plan A.
4
-4x + 36 = x - 4
-5x + 36 = 4
-5x = -40
x=8

y = -x + 6 TEST PREP
35. 
y = 2x - 3
 47. D 48. G
consistent, independent
-x + 6 = 2x - 3 y = -x + 6 49. B
-3x + 6 = - 3 y = -(3) + 6 -x + y = 8
50. 
-3x = -9 y=3 y = 4x

x=3 So y = x + 8 and y = 4x.
The solution of the x + 8 = 4x
system is (3, 3). 8 = 3x y = 4x
 y = 3x + 1 _8_ = x
36. x = 2

y=3
37.

y = 3x - 3
3
The solution of the
()
y = 4 _8_
3
___
( )
consistent, independent inconsistent; no solution
system is _8_ , ___
32 . y= 32
The solution to the 3 3 3
system is (2, 3).
Three times the value of y is 32.
38. (2, -3) 39. (-0.25, 4)
40. (6.444, 131) 41. (2.831, -30.403) CHALLENGE AND EXTEND
42a. Truck: Car: 51. 55x + 100 = 20x + 600 y = 20x + 600
city: ____
408 = 24 mi/gal
17
city: ____
364 = 26 mi/gal
14
55x + 100 = 600
35x = 500 ( )
y = 20 ____
100 + 600
7
hwy: ____
476 = 28 mi/gal ____
hwy: 490 = 35 mi/gal x = ____
500 y = _____
2000 + _____
4200
17 14 35 7 7
____ x = ____
100 y = _____
6200
b. Truck: c. 476 = 8 _1 h 7 7
x 6
____
476 = 7 __
60
14
15
h
(8_61 )x = 476 7(
The solution of the system is ____
100 , _____
6200 .
7 )
x = 58 _2 mi/h
Car:
____
490 = 8 _1 h 7 52. 5y = -20x + 135 y = -4x + 27
60 6
The truck will have an

The truck must travel
at 58 _2 mi/h.
y = -4x + 27
y = -50x + 32. ( )
y = -4 ___5 + 27
46
empty tank after 7 __
14
h. 7 So y = -4x + 27 and y = -___
20 + 27
15 -50x + 32 = -4x + 27 46
y = - ___ + ____
10 621
The car will have an -46x + 32 = 27
empty tank after 8 _1 h.
23 23
-46x = -5 ____
y = 611
x = ___
6
5 23
43. 2y = -x + 4 46
y = - _1_ x + 2
2
The solution of the system is (___
46 23 )
____ .
5 , 611
infinite number of solutions → any multiple of the

original equation. For example, 53. 18y = -9x + 126 14y = -7x + 98
2y = -x + 4 y=- x+7_
1 _ y = - _1_ x + 7
4y = -2x + 8…etc. 2 2
no solution → any equation with the same slope as infinite number of solutions
- _1_ but a different y-intercept. For example, 54. 0.25x - y = 2.25

2 y = 0.75x + 3.75
y = - _1_ x - 6 So y = 0.75x + 3.75 and
2 y = 0.25x - 2.25.
one solution → any equation with a different slope.
0.25x - 2.25 = 0.75x + 3.75
For example,
-0.5x - 2.25 = 3.75
y = - __ x + 2
3
4 -0.5x = 6
x = -12
44. Possible answer: (3.5, 0.25)
45. Consistent, independent; one solution. The solution y = 0.25x - 2.25
is the y-intercept since it is the same point for each y = 0.25(-12) - 2.25
line. y = -3 - 2.25
y = -5.25
46. Possible answer: One hot-air balloon starts at 120 ft
The solution of the system is (-12, -5.25).
and rises quickly. The other balloon starts at 200 ft
and rises slowly. After 4 min, the balloons are at the 55. The solution is meaningless in the real world.
same height, 280 ft, as represented by the point of Time and cost cannot be negative. The costs
intersection. for the 2 products will never be equal.

56a. Brad: y = -12x + 70 3-2 USING ALGEBRAIC METHODS TO
Cliff: y = -15x + 100 SOLVE LINEAR SYSTEMS,
-12x + 70 = -15x + 100 PAGES 190-197
3x + 70 = 100
3x = 30 CHECK IT OUT!
x = 10 days  y = 2x - 1  5x + 6y = -9
1a.  b. 
b. Brad: y = -12(10) + 70 3x + 2y = 26 y = -2x + 2
y = -50 lb
 
Step 1 Solve one Step 1 Solve one
Cliff: y = -15(10) + 100 equation for one equation for one
y = -50 lb variable. The first variable. The first
No; they will both run out of food before that time. equation is already equation is already
c. Brad: y = -12(4) + 70 + 100 solved for y: solved for y:
y = 122 lb y = 2x - 1. y = –2x + 2.
Cliff: y = -15(4) + 100 + 100 Step 2 Substitute the Step 2 Substitute the
y = 140 lb expression into the expression into the
On day 10 (6 days later) they have used up: other equation. other equation.
Brad: -12(6) = -72 lb 3x + 2y = 26 5x + 6y = –9
122 - 72 = 50 lb 3x + 2(2x - 1) = 26 5x + 6(-2x + 2) = -9
Cliff: -15(6) = -90 lb 3x + 4x - 2 = 26 5x - 12x + 12 = -9
140 - 90 = 50 lb 7x - 2 = 26 -7x + 12 = -9
The answer would make sense. Each farmer would 7x = 28 -7x = -21
have 50 lb of food on day 10. x=4 x=3
SPIRAL REVIEW
Step 3 Substitute the Step 3 Substitute the
x-value into one of the x-value into one of the
____
4 · ____
√
12 ____ √
1 · ___
5 original equations to original equations to
57. 58.
√
12 √ 12 2 √5
√
5 solve for y. solve for y.
√ y = 2x - 1 y = 2x + 2
= _____ = ___
√
4 12 5
12 10 y = 2(4) - 1 y = -2(3) + 2
√ √3
y=7 y = -4
= _______
4 4
12 The solution is the The solution is the
8 √3 ordered pair (4, 7). ordered pair (3, -4).
= ____
12 2a. Step 1 Find the value b. Step 1 To eliminate y,
2 √3
= ____
of one variable. multiply both sides of
3 4x + 7y = -25 the first equation by 5
√6
√ -12x - 7y = 19
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ and both sides of the
59. ____ 60. _____
14 ___
7 √
·
5
-8x = -6 second equation by 3.
√ √ √
x = _6_
12 5 5 5(5x - 3y) = 5(42) ➀
√2
√ √
= ______ = _____
3 7 70 8 3(8x + 5y) = 3(28) ➁
√
√4 3 5 x = _3_ Add to eliminate y.
4 25x - 15y = 210 ➀
= ___
√2

Step 2 Substitute the
2 24x + 15y = 84 ➁
______________
x-value into one of the 49x = 294
61. x - 1 = _1_ + 3x
_
5 _ 62. 6(7n + 2) = (34 + 11n)3 original equations to x=6
2 2
5x - 2 = 1 + 6x 42n + 12 = 102 + 33n solve for y. Step 2 Substitute the
-x - 2 = 1
-x = 3
9n + 12 = 102
9n = 90 ()
4 _3_ + 7y = -25
4
x-value into one of the
original equations to
n = 10 3 + 7y = -25 solve for y.
x = -3
7y = -28 5(6) - 3y = 42
63. ___
45 = ____
900 y = -4 30 - 3y = 42
2 x
45x = 1800 The solution is the -3y = 12
x = 40 h
It would take 40 h to package 900 lb of cheese.
(4 )
ordered pair _3_ , -4 .
y = -4
The solution is the
ordered pair (6, -4).

3a. 56x + 8y = -32 ➀ b. 6x + 3y = -12 EXERCISES
2x + y = -6
____
56x + ___ = - ___
8y 32 GUIDED PRACTICE
8 8 8 y = -2x - 6
7x + y = -4 ➀ 6x + 3(-2x - 6) = -12 1. elimination
7x + y = -4 ➁ 6x - 6x - 18 = -12 2. Step 1 Solve one 3. Step 1 Solve one
Since ➀ = ➁, the -18 = -12 ✗ equation for one equation for one
system is consistent, Since -18 ≠ -12, the variable. The second variable. The first
dependent, and has system is inconsistent and equation is already equation is already
an infinite number has no solution. solved for y: y = x + 7. solved for y: y = x - 19.
of solutions. Step 2 Substitute the Step 2 Substitute the
expression into the expression into the
4. Let x represent amount of Sumatra beans. other equation. other equation.
Let y represent amount of Kona beans. x + y = 17 2x – y = 27
x + y = 50 ➀ From ➀ y = 50 - x x + (x + 7) = 17 2x - (x - 19) = 27
5x + 13y = 10(50) y = 50 - 18.75 2x + 7 = 17 2x - x + 19 = 27
5x + 13y = 500 ➁ y = 31.25 lb 2x = 10 x=8
5x + 13(50 - x) = 500 ➁ x=5 Step 3 Substitute the
5x + 650 - 13x = 500 Step 3 Substitute the x-value into one of the
-8x = -150 x-value into one of the original equations to
x = 18.75 lb original equations to solve for y.
There is 18.75 lb of Sumatra beans and 31.25 lb of solve for y. y = x – 19
Kona beans. y=x+7 y = 8 - 19
y=5+7 y = -11
THINK AND DISCUSS y = 12 The solution is the
1. Possible answer: elimination, because the y-terms The solution is the ordered pair (8, -11).
have opposite coefficients. ordered pair (5, 12).
2. 'RAPHING yx 4. Step 1 Solve one 5. Step 1 Solve one
yx equation for one equation for one
xy
y variable. 2x – y = 2 variable. The second
y = 2x - 2 equation is already
Step 2 Substitute the solved for x:
expression into the x = -3y - 5.
x other equation. Step 2 Substitute the
3x - 2y = 11 expression into the
3x - 2(2x - 2) = 11 other equation.
3OLVING,INEAR3YSTEMS 3x - 4x + 4 = 11 y = 3x + 5
-x = 7 y = 3(-3y - 5) + 5
3UBSTITUTION %LIMINATION x = -7 y = -9y - 15 + 5
yx yx
xy yx Step 3 Substitute the 10y = -10
xx
xx
y x-value into one of the y = -1
yx
x original equations to Step 3 Substitute the
xy
solve for y. y-value into one of the
y = 2x – 2 original equations to
y = 2(-7) - 2 solve for x.
y = -14 - 2 y = 3x + 5
y = -16 -1 = 3x + 5
The solution is the -6 = 3x
ordered pair (-7, -16). -2 = x
The solution is the
ordered pair (-2, -1).

6. Step 1 Find the value 7. Step 1 Find the value 14. Let x be the amount of 85% ethanol, and y be the
of one variable. Add to of one variable. Add to amount of 25% ethanol.
eliminate y. eliminate x. x + y = 20
2x + y = 12 ➀ 2x - 5y = -5 ➀ 0.85x + 0.25y = 20(0.5)
-5x - y = -33 ➁ -2x + 8y = -58 ➁ x + y = 20
-3x = -21 3y = -63 0.85x + 0.25y = 10
x=7 y = -21 x + y = 20
Step 2 Substitute the Step 2 Substitute the y = 20 - x
x-value into one of the y-value into one of the 0.85x + 0.25(20 - x) = 10
original equations to original equations to 0.85x + 5 - 0.25x = 10
solve for y. solve for x. 0.6x = 5
2(7) + y = 12 2x - 5(-21) = -5 x = 8 _1_
y = -2 2x = -110 3
The solution is the x = -55 y = 20 - 8 _1_
( )
ordered pair (7, -2). The solution is the 3
ordered pair (-55, -21) y = 11 _
2 _
3
8. Step 1 To eliminate y, 9. Step 1 To eliminate x, Denise needs 8 _1_ gal of 85% ethanol fuel and
multiply both sides of multiply both sides of 3
the second equation by the first equation by 4. 11 _2_ gal of 25% ethanol fuel.
3
2. 2(5x - 3y) = 2(88) ➁ 4 _1_ x + y = 4(4) ➀
( )
Add to eliminate y. 2 PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING
2x + 6y = -8 ➀ Add to eliminate x. 15. Step 1 Solve one 16. Step 1 Solve one equation
10x - 6y = 176 ➁
_____________ 2x + 4y = 16 ➀ equation for one for one variable.
12x = 168 -2x - 2y = -6 ➁
_____________ variable. The first 12x + y = 21
x = 14 2y = 10 equation is already y = -12x + 21
Step 2 Substitute the y=5 solved for x: Step 2 Substitute the
x-value into one of the Step 2 Substitute the x = –4y. expression into the
original equations to y-value into one of the Step 2 Substitute other equation.
solve for y. original equations to the expression into 18x – 3y = –36
2(14) + 6y = -8 solve for x. the other equation. 18x -3(-12x + 21) = -36
6y = -36 -2x -2(5) = -6 2x + 6y = –3 18x + 36x - 63 = -36
y = -6 -2x = 4 2(-4y) + 6y = -3 54x = 27
x = -2
x = _1_
The solution is the -8y + 6y = -3
ordered pair (14, -6). The solution is the -2y = -3 2
ordered pair (-2, 5). _
3 _
y= Step 3 Substitute the
10. 5x - y = -3 11. x = 2y -8 2 x-value into one of the
y = 5x + 3 4(2y - 8) = 8y - 56 Step 3 Substitute original equations to
15x - 3(5x + 3) = -9 8y × 2 - 32 = 8y - 56 the y-value into solve for y.
15x - 15x - 9 = -9 -32 = -56 ✗ one of the original y = –12x + 21
equations to solve
y = -12 _1_ + 21
-9 = -9 inconsistent, no solution
consistent, dependent, for x.
x = –4y
()2
infinite number of y = -6 + 21
solutions x = -4 _3_
() = 15
2
12. 2x + 3y = -24 13. x - _1_ y = -2 = -6
The solution is the ordered
pair _1_ , 15 .
3
3y = -2x - 24
__ - _1_ y = -x - 2
The solution is the (
2 )
ordered pair -6, _3_ .
2
y=- x-8
3
3
y = 3x + 6 ( ) 2
8x + 12 - _2 x - 8 = 60
( ) 6x - 2(3x + 6) = -12
3
6x - 6x - 12 = -12
8x + - __
( 24
)
x - 96 = 60 -12 = -12
3
consistent, dependent,
8x - 8x - 96 = 60 infinite number of
- 96 = 60 solutions
inconsistent, no solution

17. Step 1 Solve one 18. Step 1 Solve one 21. Step 1 To eliminate y, multiply both sides of the first
equation for one equation for one equation by 8 and both sides of the second equation
variable. The first variable. The first by 3.
equation is already equation is already 8(12x - 3y) = 8(-15) ➀
solved for y: solved for x: 3(8x + 8y) = 3(-58) ➁
y = –4x. y + 1 = x. Add to eliminate y.
Step 2 Substitute Step 2 Substitute 96x - 24y = -120 ➀
the expression into the expression into 24x + 24y = -174 ➁
________________
the other equation. the other equation. 120x = -294
32x + 21y = 29 -2(y + 1) + 3y = 2 x = -2.45
32x + 21(4x) = 29 –2x + 3y = 2 Step 2 Substitute the x-value into one of the original
32x + 84x = 29 -2y - 2 + 3y = 2 equations to solve for y.
116x = 29 y=4 8(-2.45) + 8y = -58
x= ____
29 Step 3 Substitute the -19.6 + 8y = -58
116 y-value into one of the 8y = -38.4
x = _1_ original equations to y = -4.8
4 solve for x. The solution is the ordered pair (-2.45, -4.8).
Step 3 Substitute the y+1=x
x-value into one of the 22. Step 1 To eliminate y, 23. 4y = x - 24
(4) + 1 = x
original equations to 5=x
multiply both sides of y = _1_ x - 6
solve for y. the first equation by -2. 4
3x = 12 _1_ x - 6 + 72
The solution is the
y = –4x ordered pair (5, 4).
-2(3x + y) = -2(7) ➀
Add to eliminate y.
( 4 )
y = 4 _1_
() -6x - 2y = -14 ➀ 3x = 3x - 72 + 72
4
-3x + 2y = 11 ➁ 72 = 72 ✓
y=1
-9x = 3 consistent, dependent;
The solution is the
x = _1_
infinite number of
ordered pair _1_ , 1
( ) 3 solutions
4
19. Step 1 To eliminate x, 20. Step 1 To eliminate x, x-value into one of the
multiply both sides of multiply both sides of the original equations to
the second equation first equation by 5 and solve for y.
by -1. both sides of the second
-1(4x - 5y) = -1(2) ➁ equation by 6. 3 _1_ + y = 7
()3
Add to eliminate y. 5(6x - 3y) = 5(-6) ➀ 1+y=7
4x - 9y = 26 ➀ 6(-5x + 7y) = 6(41) ➁ y=6
-4x + 5y = -2 ➁
_____________ Add to eliminate x. The solution is the
-4y = 24 30x - 15y = -30 ➀
y = -6 -30x + 42y = 246 ➁ ordered pair _1_ , 6 .
( )
________________ 3
Step 2 Substitute the 27y = 216
y-value into one of the y=8 24. 10x - 2y = 22 25. 4y - 3x = 32
original equations to Step 2 Substitute the 2y = 10x - 22 4y = 3x + 32
solve for x. y-value into one of the y = 5x - 11 y = _3_ x + 8
4x - 9(-6) = 26 original equations to 5(5x - 11) - 25x = 65 4
__
4x + 54 = 26
4x = -28
solve for x.
6x -3(8) = -6
25x - 55 - 25x = 65
-55 = 65 ✗
( 3
4 )
8 x + 8 - 6x = 64
x = -7 6x - 24 = -6 inconsistent; no solution ___

24 x + 64 - 6x = 64
4
The solution is the 6x = 18 6x + 64 - 6x = 64
ordered pair (-7, -6). x=3 64 = 64 ✓
The solution is the consistent, dependent;
ordered pair (3, 8). infinite number of
solutions

26. -x + _3_ y = 4 27. Step 1 Solve one 30. Step 1 Solve one 31. Step 1 Solve one
4 equation for one equation for one
equation for one
_3_y = x + 4 variable. variable. variable.
4 y-x=8 x + 5y = 5
y = _4_ x + ___
16 x + y = 1200
y=x+8 x = -5y + 5
3 3 x = _1_ y Step 2 Substitute Step 2 Substitute the
_
(
4
8x - 6 x + __
16
) = -8
2
the expression into expression into the
3 3 Step 2 Substitute the
8x - __ x - __
24 96 the other equation. other equation.
= -8 expression into the
3 3
equation to solve for y.
_4_y - 3x = _1_ _1_x + 2y = -2
8x - 8x - 32 = -8 5 5 5
-32 = -8 ✗
_1_y + y = 1200 y=x+8 _1_(-5y + 5) + 2y = -2
2 _4_(x + 8) - 3x = _1_ 5
inconsistent; 1.5y = 1200
5 5 -y + 1 + 2y = -2
no solution y = 800 _4_x + ___
32 - 3x = _1_ y = -3
Step 3 Substitute the 5 5 5 Step 3 Substitute the
y-value into the original 4x + 32 - 15x = 1 y-value into one of the
equation to solve for x. -11x = -31 original equations to
x + 800 = 1200 x = ___
31 solve for x.
x = 400 11 x = -5y + 5
printer A produces = 2 ___
9
x = -5(-3) + 5
400 copies; printer B 11
Step 3 Substitute the x = 15 + 5
produces 800 copies x = 20
28. Step 1 Solve one 29. Step 1 Solve one equation original equations to The solution is the
equation for one for one variable. The first solve for y. ordered pair (20, -3).
variable. The first equation is already solved y = -2x + 14
equation is already
solved for x:
for y: y = -2x + 14.
y = ___ ( )
31 + 8
11
x = 3y + 3. expression into the other
y= ___
31 + ___
88
Step 2 Substitute equation. 11 11
the expression into 1.5x - 3.5y = 2 y= ____
119 = 10 ___
9
the other equation. 1.5x - 3.5(-2x + 14) = 2 11 11
y + 3x = -21 1.5x + 7x - 49 = 2 The solution is the
y + 3(3y + 3) = -21 8.5x = 51 ordered pair
y + 9y + 9 = -21
9y + 9 = -21 Step 3 Substitute the
x=6
( 2 ___
11 )
9 , 10 ___
9 .
11
10y = -30 x-value into one of the 32a. Let x be the time spent mowing the lawn, and y be
y = -3 original equations to the time spent raking leaves.
Step 3 Substitute the solve for y. x + y = 3
y-value into one of y = -2x + 14

325x + 275y = 885
the original equations y = -2(6) + 14

b. x + y = 3
to solve for x. y = -12 + 14
x=3-y
x = 3y + 3 y=2
325(3 - y) + 275y = 885
x = 3(-3) + 3 The solution is the
975 - 325y + 275y = 885
x = -9 + 3 ordered pair (6, 2).
-50y = -90
x = -6
y = 1.8
The solution is
x + (1.8) = 3
the ordered pair
x = 1.2
(-6, -3).
He spent 1.2 h mowing the lawn and 1.8 h raking
leaves.
33a. 22 ways; 21 dimes, 20 dimes and 2 nickels, ... ,
1 dime and 40 nickels, 42 nickels
b. The total number of coins increases because every
dime is replaced by 2 nickels.

d + n = 30
c.  38a. Step 1 To eliminate y, multiply both sides of the
0.10d + 0.05n = 2.10
 second equation by 2.
d + n = 30 2(6x + 3y) = 2(24) ➁
n = 30 - d Add to eliminate y.
0.10d + 0.05(30 - d) = 2.10 3x - 6y = -13 ➀
0.10d + 1.5 - 0.05d = 2.10 12x + 6y = 48 ➁
______________
0.05d = 0.60 15x = 35 ➀ + 2➁
x = _7_ = 2 _1_
d = 12
d + n = 30 3 3
12 + n = 30 Step 2 Substitute the x-value into one of the
n = 18 original equations to solve for y.
She has 18 nickels and 12 dimes.
34. The error is in solution A. The equation y = 2 + x
()
3 _7_ - 6y = -13
3
must be substituted into the other equation, not the 7 - 6y = -13
equation in which it was solved for y. 6y = 20
35a. 500 × 0.533 = 266.5 mi y = ___

10 = 3 _1_
3 3
The solution is incorrect. The correct solution is
( )
b. d = st
0.533 = 14.94s 2 _1_ , 3 _1_ .
3 3
s = 0.035676 mi/s × 60 s/min × 60 min/h
b. Solving by graphing is best for equations that
s ≈ 128.43 mi/h
intersect at whole-number values or values that
y = 128.43x
are clear on a graph. Solving algebraically is best
c. Lead car: 266.5 = 128.43x for solutions that are not easy to read on a graph.
x ≈ 2.0751 h When solving algebraically, f a variable is isolated,
2nd car: 266.5 = 125x choose substitution. Otherwise use elimination.
x ≈ 2.132 h
39. Possible answer: Solve both equations for y. The
2.132 - 2.0751 ≈ 0.0569 h
slopes and the y-intercepts should be the same.
125 mi/h × 0.0569 h ≈ 7.12 mi
approximately 7.12 mi TEST PREP
36a. Malcolm: y = 45x + 300 40. D
Owen: y = 60x + 325
41. G; Let x represent the number of large tables, and
45x + 300 = 60x + 325
let y represent the number of small tables.
-15x + 300 = 325
12x + 8y = 100 ➀
-15x = 25 
x = - __ = - 1 _2_
5 50x + 25y = 350 ➁

3 3 Step 1 To eliminate y, divide both sides of the
b. Possible answer: No; the solution is not reasonable first equation by -4 and both sides of the second
since the number of customers cannot be a equation by 12.5.
negative fraction. _________
(12x + 8y) _____
=
(100)
➀
37. Let x be the cost of student tickets, and y be the -4 -4
cost of adult tickets. _________
(50x + 25y) _____
=
(350)
➁
16x + 3y = 110.50 ➀ 12.5 12.5
 Add to eliminate y.
12x + 4y = 96 ➁
 -3x - 2y = -25 ➀
Step 1 To eliminate y, multiply both sides of the first 4x + 2y = 28 ➁
_____________
equation by 4 and both sides of the second equation x = 3
by -3. Step 2 Substitute the x-value into one of the original
4(16x + 3y) = 4(110.50) ➀ equations to solve for y.
-3(12x + 4y) = -3(96) ➁ -3(3) - 2y = -25
Add to eliminate y. -9 - 2y = -25
6x + 12y = 442 ➀ -2y = -16
36x + 12y = 288 ➁
______________ y=8
28x = 154 To seat 100 guests, they need to rent 3 large tables
x = 5.5 and 8 small tables.
Step 2 Substitute the x-value into one of the original
equations to solve for y.
16(5.5) + 3y = 110.50
88 + 3y = 110.50
3y = 22.5
y = 7.5
A student ticket costs $5.50, and an adult ticket
costs $7.50.

x + y = 7 x - 4y = 6 p = 3 + 0.5q
42. A:  43.  b. 
q = 100 - 4p

x - y = -3

y = -4x + 7 
x+y=7 x - 4(-4x + 7) = 6 p = 3 + 0.5(100 - 4p)
y = -x + 7 17x - 28 = 6 p = 3 + 50 - 2p
x - (-x + 7) = -3 17x = 34 3p = 53
p = ___
53
2x - 7 = -3 x=2
3
2x = 4
x=2
y = -4(2) + 7
y = -1 q = 100 - 4 ___ 53
3 ( )
q = 100 - ____
x+y=7 solution (2, -1) 212
(2) + y = 7 The system is 3
y=5 independent and
q= ____
300 - ____
212
solution (2, 5) consistent. 3 3
44. H q = ___
88 = 29 _1_
3 3
CHALLENGE AND EXTEND 2
3
_
(
solution 17 , 29 _1_
_
3 )
45. Possible answer: 46. Eliminate x by adding.
y = - __ x
3 y-x=4 ➀ SPIRAL REVIEW
2 y+x=2 ➂
________
2y =6 ➀+➂ 48. -b 2(2b + 4) + b 5 49. 3c 2 + 1 + (5c) 2
y=3 = -2b 3 - 4b 2 + b 5 = 3c 2 + 1 + 25c 2
(3) -1 = -2x = -2(-1) 3 - 4(-1) 2 + (-1) 5 = 28c 2 + 1
2 = -2x = -2(-1) - 4(1) + (-1) = 28(3) 2 + 1
-1 = x =2-4-1 = 28(9) + 1
solution (-1, 3) = -3 = 252 + 1
Possible answer: Use = 253
the elimilate method
on the first and third
equations to solve for y.
_______
50. 20 - 2x 2
x
51. y
-3
(___2y9 )
= ___
20 - 2x
2y -2
Then substitute the x = ____
= ___
y-value back into another 20 - 2(-2) 9
p = 5 + 2q equation to find x. -2
= ___
2
47a.  = -10 + 4
9y 2
q = 100 - 4p = -6

p = 5 + 2(100 - 4p) = ______
2
p = 5 + 200 - 8p 9(-3) 2
9p = 205 = ___
2
p = ____
205 81
9 52. (2, 2), (6,4)
( )
q = 100 - 4 ____
205
9 m = _____
4-2
6-2
f (x) - 2 = _1_ (x - 2)
2
q = 100 - ____
820
m = _2_ f (x) - 2 = _1_ x - 1
9 4 2
q= ____
900 - ____
820 m = _1_ f (x) = _1_ x + 1
9 9 2 2
___ _ _ f(x) - (-2) = - __ (x - 1)
80 8 3
q= =8 53. (1, -2), (3, -5)
9 9 2
m = _________
-5 - (-2)
f(x) + 2 = - __ x + _3_
( )
3
solution 22 , 8 _8_
_
7 _ 3-1 2 2
m = - __
9 9
f(x) = - __ x - _1_
3 3
2 2 2
f(x) = -1.5x - 0.5
54. y

x


55. 3x - y ≤ 2(x - 2) 56. 5x + 4y > 18 2. The minimum number of inequalities is equal to
-y ≤ 2x - 4 - 3x 4y > -5x + 18 the number of sides. So 3 inequalities can form a
y > - __ x + _9_
5 triangle, and 4 can form a square.
-y ≤ -x - 4
4 2 Triangle Square
y≥x+4
y x ≥ 0 y≥x
y

x
y ≥ 0
x + y ≤ 4
y ≥ -x
y≤x+4
 y ≤ -x + 4

x

3. 2EGION
2EGION yɠx

yɡx
x

yɡ?
x
yɡ?

y

3-3 SOLVING SYSTEMS OF LINEAR
INEQUALITIES, PAGES 199-204
CHECK IT OUT! x

1a. x - 3y < 6 b. y ≤ 4
-3y < -x + 6 2x + y < 1
y > _1_ x - 2 y < -2x + 1

3 y 2EGION
2x + y > 1.5 yɠx
y > -2x + 1.5 2EGION
yɡ x x
yɠ?
y x

x
yɠ?

x

EXERCISES
GUIDED PRACTICE

1. Possible answer: Both are composed of straight
2. d + s ≤ 40 lines. However, a system of linear equations has a
s ≤ -d + 40 solution at a point (a, b), whereas a system of linear
2d + 2.5s ≥ 90 inequalities has a region containing many points as
2.5s ≥ -2d + 90 solutions.
s ≥ 0.8d + 36 2. y 3. y > -x + 5

y>x+3
y
x
3AUSAGES

x

(OTDOGS
3a. triangle b. trapezoid 4. y > 7x + 16 5. 2y ≤ -2x + 4

y ≤ -5x - 2 y ≤ -x + 2
y y
y y < 3x - 1

y

x x

x

x

THINK AND DISCUSS
1. Possible answer: The region containing the
solutions is the region where the shadings overlap.

6. Let x be the number of adult T-shirts sold, and y be PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING
the number of student T-shirts sold. 11. y < 5x 12. 3y ≥ 2x - 3
y ≥ _2_ x - 1
x + y ≤ 250 y<x
y ≤ -x + 250 3
y
15x + 10y ≥ 3000 y ≥ 3x + 8
10y ≥ -15x + 3000 y

y ≥ -1.5x + 300
x

x

3TUDENT4 SHIRTS

13. x + y > 5 14. y > 4
y > -x + 5 x + 4y ≥ 8
-2x + y ≤ 2 4y ≥ -x + 8
!DULT4 SHIRTS y ≤ 2x + 2 y ≥ - _1_ x + 2
y 4

7. x y

x

x

y 15. Let x be the number of promotional CDs, and y be
the number of basic CDs.
rectangle
x + y ≤ 10,000
8. y 9. y y ≤ 0.20x

Also x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0 since the number of CDs
cannot be negative.
x x

0ROMOTIONAL#$S

triangle isosceles triangle

10. y

"ASIC#$S
16. x ≥ 0 17. y
x
y ≥ _1_ x - 4
3
y ≤ - _1_ x - 1 x
3
parallelogram y

x
trapezoid

isoceles triangle

18. y 19. y b. y

x x
x

isoceles right triangle
rectangle c. w ≥ 2.4(15) + 23
w ≥ 59 mi/h
20. Let x be the number of receiving yards, and y be the w ≤ 1.4(15) + 43
number of rushing yards. w ≤ 64 mi/h
x + y < 2370 Possible answer: No, for a temperature of 15°F, the
y < -x + 2370 windspeed must be between 59 mi/h and 64 mi/h
y > 1645 for a person to catch frostbite in 10 to 30 min.
y
27. Let x be Brian’s earnings, and y be Maria’s earnings.
x≥0
y≥0
x + y ≤ 114,650
x + y ≥ 56,801
y ≥ x + 2000
y
x

21. Possible answer: 22. Possible answer:

y ≤ 2x y ≤ x + 2


y ≥ 2x - 1 y≥x-3
y ≤ - _1_ x
y ≤ -x x

2 y ≥ -x - 5
y ≥ - _x + 3
_1
 2 28. y > - _2_ x
5
23. Possible answer: 24. Possible answer: y ≥ _2_ x - 4
5
y ≤ 3 y ≤ 4
 y < _1_ x
Possible answer: (3, 1), (5, -1), (10, 5)
x≥1
y ≥ x - 1
 2
y
y ≤ -3x + 12

25a. Possible answer: Let x be the weight of the driver. x

Champ Car: y ≥ 1565
Formula One: y ≥ 1322.77 - x, where x
represents the weight of the driver.
b. Take the average weight of racecar drivers.
Possible answer: D: {x ∈ | 100 ≤ x ≤ 250} 29. y > -7
R: {y ∈ | 1000 ≤ y ≤ 2000} y < 2x + 5
y < -3x + 4
c. y Possible answer: (0, 0), (-1, 2), 1, - _1_ ( )
2
y

x

x

26a. Possible answer: D = {t ∈ | -40 ≤ t ≤ 40}
R = {w ∈ | w ≥ 0}

30. y ≥ -8 39. Let x be the amount in low risk, and y be the amount
y < - _1_ x + 2 in high risk.
2 x + y ≤ 30,000
x > -6 y ≤ 30,000 - x
Possible answer: (-2, -3), (-1, 1), (10, -4) 0.05x + 0.07y ≥ 1900
y 0.05x + 0.07(30,000 - x) ≥ 1900

0.05x + 2100 - 0.07x ≥ 1900
-0.02x ≥ -200
x
x ≤ 10,000

y = 30,000 - x

y = 30,000 - 10,000
y = 20,000
Kira must invest at least $20,000 in the high-risk
31. y ≤ - _1_ x + _2_ investment.
6 3
y<x-3 SPIRAL REVIEW
Possible answer: (0, -5), (3, -2), (-6, -10) 40. -7, _1_ 41. _3_ , - _4_
y 7 4 3
4
42. -2.48, ____
1 43. 1, -1
2 2.48
x 1_______
- (-7)
0 44. m = 45. y = -3
-2 2 4 6 8 1-2
m = ___
-2 8
-1
-4
m = -8
y - 1 = -8(x - 1)
32. If the boundary lines are parallel, the possible y - 1 = -8x + 8
solutions are y = -8x + 9
i) above the upper line
________ 47. y - 6 = - _1_ (x - 9)
ii) below the lower line 0 - (-1)
46. m =
iii) between the two lines 0-1 3
iv) no solution m = ___
1 = -1 y - 6 = - _1_ x + 3
-1 3
33. Possible answer: Yes; if the lines are parallel and y - 0 = -1(x - 0) y = - _x + 9
_1
the regions do not y - 0 = -x + 0 3
y>x+4 y = -x
overlap; for example, 
y<x-7
 48. ⊥ m = - _1_ 49. m = -1
TEST PREP 4
_1_ y - 2 = -1(x - 3)
34. D 35. G y - 4.5 = - [x - (-2)] y - 2 = -x + 3
4
36. C _1_
y - 4.5 = - x - 0.5
y = -x + 5
4
y = - _1_ x + 4
CHALLENGE AND EXTEND
37.  x≥0 4

y≥0 50. y = 0.118x - 0.117
Possible answer: y ≤ x + 1 r = 0.985
y≥x-1
 y ≤ -x + 4 3-4 LINEAR PROGRAMMING,
38. Yes; m = -3 makes the equations parallel and PAGES 205-211
the regions do not overlap. Therefore there is no
solution for the system. CHECK IT OUT!
1. y

x


2. Evaluate the vertices of the feasible region. 2. y 3. y

x y P = 25x + 30y

0 1.5 25(0) + 30(1.5) = 45

0 4 25(0) + 30(4) = 120 x

2 3 25(2) + 30(3) = 140

3 1.5 25(3) + 30(1.5) = 120 x

The maximum value is P = 140.
3. Let x be the number of bookcase A, and y be the 4. y
number of bookcase B.
x≤8
y ≤ 12
32x + 16y ≥ 320 x
x>0
y>0

x y P = 200x + 125y
8 12 200(8) + 125(12) = 3100 5. Find the vertices of the feasible region.
4 12 200(4) + 125(12) = 2300 Maximize the objective function P = 10x + 16y.
8 4 200(8) + 125(4) = 2100 x y P = 10x + 16y
8 of bookcase A and 4 of bookcase B will minimize 0 0 10(0) + 16(0) = 0
the cost. 0 3 10(0) + 16(3) = 48
THINK AND DISCUSS 1 6 10(1) + 16(6) = 106
1. Possible answer: Most of the questions are based 7 0 10(7) + 16(0) = 70

on physical objects, where a negative quantity P = 106 is the maximum.
doesn’t make sense. 6. Find the verticies of the feasible region.
2. The region is unbounded. Minimize the objective function: P = 3x + 5y.
3. Possible answer: Look for specific units, e.g. dollars, x y P = 3x + 5y
pounds. If the question asks for the maximum profit, 0 -1 3(0) + 5(-1) = -5
look for $ units.
0 1 3(0) + 5(1) = 5
4. #ONSTRAINTS &EASIBLEREGION 24 0 3(24) + 5(0) = 72
bɡ
2ASPBERRYREDSEDUMS
rɡ
4 5 3(4) + 5(5) = 37
P = -5 is the minimum.
brɠ
brɠ 7. Find the vertices of the feasible region. Maximize
the objective function P = 2.4x + 1.5y.

x y P = 2.4x + 1.5y
-2 -3 2.4(-2) + 1.5(-3) = -9.3
"LUELAGOONSEDUMS
,INEAR 1 1 2.4(1) + 1.5(1) = 3.9
0ROGRAMMING -2 1 2.4(-2) + 1.5(1) = -3.3
6ERTICES 2 -1 2.4(2) + 1.5(-1) = 3.3
/BJECTIVEFUNCTION
Cbr P = 3.9 is the maximum.
EXERCISES
GUIDED PRACTICE
1. constraints

8. Let x be the number of cleanings, and y be the 14. Find the vertices of the feasible region.
number of cavities filled. Maximize the objective function P = x + 3y.
x ≥ 0 x y P = x + 3y

0≤y≤4
0 -3 (0) + 3(-3) = -9
0.5x + y ≤ 7
Maximize the objective function P = 40x + 95y. 0 4 (0) + 3(4) = 12
x y P = 40x + 95y 5 -1 (5) + 3(-1) = 2
0 0 40(0) + 95(0) = 0 5 -2 (5) + 3(-2) = -1
0 4 40(0) + 95(4) = 380 P = 12 is the maximum.
6 4 40(6) + 95(4) = 620 15. Let x be the number of radio commercials, and y be
the number of prime-time TV commercials.
14 0 40(14) + 95(0) = 560  30 ≤ x ≤ 60
Dr. Lee should book 6 cleanings and 4 fillings to
maximize his earnings.
y>0
 400x + 1500y ≤ 60,000
Maximize the objective function P = 20x + 30y.
PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING
y
x y P = 20x + 30y
9. 10. y

30 0 20(30) + 30(0) = 600
60 0 20(60) + 30(0) = 1200
x

30 32 20(30) + 30(32) = 1560

60 24 20(60) + 30(24) = 1920
x
There should be 60 radio and 24 prime-time TV
commercials.
11. y 16a. Let x be the number of fans in the upper deck, and

y be the number of fans in the lower deck.
 0 ≤ y ≤ 60,000
x 
0 ≤ x ≤ 120,000
 x + y ≤ 160,000
Maximize the objective function P = 25x + 45y.
x y P = 25x + 45y
0 0 0
12. Find the vertices of the feasible region. 0 60,000 2,700,000
Maximize the objective function P = -21x + 11y. 100,000 60,000 5,200,000
x y P = -21x + 11y 120,000 40,000 4,800,000
0 0 -21(0) + 11(0) = 0 120,000 0 3,000,000
1 0 -21(1) + 11(0) = -21 100,000 upper deck and 60,000 lower deck tickets
0 5 -21(0) + 11(5) = 55 will maximize profit.
3 8 -21(3) + 11(8) = 25 b. Possible answer: The system of inequalities does

not change, but the objective function changes.
P = 55 is the maximum.
The new solution is 120,000 upper deck and
13. Find the vertices of the feasible region. 40,000 lower deck tickets to maximize profits.
Minimize the objective function P = -2x - 4y.
17. Let x be the number of journey bags, and y be the
x y P = -2x - 4y number of trek bags.
-7 0 -2(-7) - 4(0) = 14 0 ≤ x ≤ 4
0 9 -2(0) - 4(9) = -36 
0 ≤ y ≤ 15
40x + 80y ≥ 400
-8 9 -2(-8) - 4(9) = -20 Minimize the objective function P = 4x + 6y.
-3.5 0 -2(-3.5) - 4(0) = 7 x y P = 4x + 6y
P = -36 is the minimum. 0 5 4(0) + 6(5) = 30
0 15 4(0) + 6(15) = 90
4 3 4(4) + 6(3) = 32
4 15 4(4) + 6(15) = 106
The minimum number of hours required is 32 h.

18. parallelogram 19. right triangle TEST PREP
-1 ≤ x ≤ 2 y≤x+2 27. D

x - 4 ≤ y ≤ x + 2 y ≥ 2x 28.A;
 y ≥ -_1_ x P(0,0) = -4(0) + (0) - 1 = -1
2
29. G
20. trapezoid
1 ≤ y ≤ 6 CHALLENGE AND EXTEND
y ≤ -2x + 8 30a. y
y ≤ 2x + 10
21. Let x be the number of gas stops, and y be the
number of flat tire stops.
0 ≤ x ≤ 14
0≤y x
0.25x + 0.75y < 8
Maximize the objective function P = x + y.
x y P=x+y b. (350, 400) represents 350 of bacteria type A and
0 0 (0) + (0) = 0 400 of bacteria type B. (400, 350) represents 400
of bacteria type A and 350 of bacteria type B.
0 10 (0) + (10) = 10 c. Only the point (350, 400) satisfies the constraint, as
2 10 (2) + (10) = 12 the minimum value for type B must be at least 400.
14 6 (14) + (6) = 20
SPIRAL REVIEW
14 0 (14) + (0) = 14 _______
31. f(7) = 1 = ___
1 32. f(7) = 0.5(7) = 3.5
20 stops is the maximum. 2(7) - 3 11
f - _1_ = 0.5 - _1_
( ) ( )
22. Possible answer: If the feasible region is f -_1_ = _________
( ) ( ) 1 2 2
unbounded, the objective function may not have a
2 2 - _1 - 3 = - _1_
2 4
= _______
maximum value, or a minimum value, and such a 1
linear programming problem has no solution. -1 - 3
23. Let x be the number of Soy Joy smoothies, and y be = - _1_
the number of Vitamin Boost smoothies. 4
x ≥ 0 2
33. f(7) = _______
(7) - 1
34. f(x) = x
y≥0
2x + y ≤ 100
x + 3y ≤ 100
(7) - 1
= ___
48
6
g(x) = x - 6 - 3

y
Maximize the objective function P = 2.75x + 3.25y. =8

(-_21 )2 - 1
-_1_ _________
x y P = 2.75x + 3.25y x
0 0 2.75(0) + 3.25(0) = 0
f ( 2)
=
(-_12 ) -1
0 33 2.75(0) + 3.25(33) = 107.25 _1 - 1

= _____
4
-_
50 0 2.75(50) + 3.25(0) = 137.5 3
2
2.75(40) + 3.25(20) = 175
-_
40 20 3
The store should make 40 Soy Joy and 20 Vitamin = ___ 4
-_
3
Boost smoothies. 2
24. Possible answer: The objective function could = _1_
calculate the profit/loss and the loss could be 2
negative values. 35. f(x) = x 36. f(x) = x
x - _1_ + _4_
g(x) = x + 2.5 + 0.75
25. Possible answer: Substitute the values from every
vertex of the feasible region into the objective
g(x) =  3  3

y
function one pair at a time. Depending on the y

problem statement, look for the greatest value of
the objective function to identify the maximum or the x
x
least value to identify the minimum.

26. Possible answer: Once you have identified the
feasible region, find the intersection points of the

lines that form that region. The coordinates of the
intersections are the coordinates of the vertices.

37. right triangle 38. isoceles trapezoid 7. Step 1 Solve one 8. Step 1 Solve one
y y equation for one equation for one

variable. The first variable. The first
equation is already equation is already
x x solved for y: y = x + 3. solved for x: x = 5.
Step 2 Substitute Step 2 Substitute
the expression into the expression into
the other equation. the other equation.

2x + 4y = 24 2x + 3y = 19
2x + 4(x + 3) = 24 2(5) + 3y = 19
2x + 4x + 12 = 24 10 + 3y = 19
READY TO GO ON? PAGE 213 6x + 12 = 24 3y = 9
6x = 12 y=3
2x + y = -5 x=2 The solution is the
1. 
x + 2y = 2 Step 3 Substitute the ordered pair (5, 3).
y = -2x - 5 y = -0.5x + 1 x-value into one of the
x y x y
solve for y.
2 -9 2 0 y=x+3
0 -5 0 1 y = (2) + 3
y=5
-2 -1 -2 2
The solution is the
-4 3 -4 3 ordered pair (2, 5).
The solution to the 9. x - y = 5 10. Step 1 Find the value
system is (-4, 3). x=y+5 of one variable. Add to
x + y = -1 3x - 2y = 14 eliminate y.
2.  3(y + 5) - 2y = 14 x + 2y = 15
x - 2y = -4 3y + 15 - 2y = 14 - 2y = -9
x___________
y = -x - 1 y = 0.5x + 2
y + 15 = 14 2x = 6
x y x y y = -1 x=3
2 -3 2 3 x=y+5 Step 2 Substitute the
x = (-1) + 5 x-value into one of the
0 -1 0 2
x=4 original equations to
-2 1 -2 1 solution (4, -1) solve for y.
-4 3 -4 0 x + 2y = 15
(3) + 2y = 15
The solution to the
2y = 12
system is (-2, 1).
y=6
x = y - 2 The solution is the
3.  ordered pair (3, 6).
3x - y = 2
y=x+2 y = 3x - 2 11. Step 1 To eliminate y, 12. Step 1 To eliminate x,
multiply both sides of multiply both sides of
x y x y
the second equation the second equation
-1 1 -1 -5 by -1. by -2.
0 2 0 -2 -1(8x - 4y) = -1(12) ➁ -2(2x + 6y) = -2(-4) ➁
Add to eliminate y. Add to eliminate x.
1 3 1 1
5x - 4y = 0➀ 4x + 2y = 12 ➀
2 4 2 4 -8x + 4y = -12
______________ ➁ -4x - 12y = 8 ➁
______________
The solution to the -3x = -12 -10y = 20
system is (2, 4). x=4 y = -2
y = _2_ x - 4 y = _5_ x - _7_
x-value into one of the y-value into one of the
4.  = _
3
2_x - _4_; 5.  6
_
1 _
3 ;
original equations to original equations to
y
3 3 y = - 3 x + 5 solve for y. solve for x.
inconsistent; no solution independent; 5x - 4y = 0 4x + 2y = 12
one solution 5(4) - 4y = 0 4x + 2(-2) = 12
20 - 4y = 0 4x - 4 = 12
y = _1_ x + 5
-4y = -20 4x = 16
6. y =
2
_1_x + 5 ; dependent; infinitely many solutions y=5 x=4
 2 The solution is the The solution is the
ordered pair (4, 5). ordered pair (4, -2).

13. y 14. y 19. Let x be the number of special services, and y be
the number of haircuts in a day.
0 ≤ x ≤ 4
x x 
y≥0
x + 0.5y ≤ 8
x y P = 45x + 20y
0 0 45(0) + 20(0) = 0
x + y < 7 0 16 45(0) + 20(16) = 320

15. 16. 4 0 45(4) + 20(0) = 180
60x + 50y < 350
 4 8 45(4) + 20(8) = 340
x To produce the maximum income, the salon should
3ECONDPARTH

schedule 4 special services and 8 haircuts per day;
$340.

3-5 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN THREE
DIMENSIONS, PAGES 214-218
&IRSTPARTH
CHECK IT OUT!
17. y The smallest possible

?
?
value is P = 4 when x
= 1 and y = 0.
1. a.–c.
F
z

x E
y

D
x

2. x-intercept: x - 4(0) + 2(0) = 4

x y P = 4x + 5y
x=4
1 0 4(1) + 5(0) = 4 y-intercept: (0) - 4y + 2(0) = 4
8 0 4(8) + 5(0) = 32 -4y = 4
y = -1
___
10
3
_7_
3 3( ) ()
4 ___
10 + 5 _7_ = 25
3
z-intercept: (0) - 4(0) + 2(z) = 4
2z = 4
18. y The biggest possible z=2

value is P = 34 when z
x = 1 and y = 6.

y
x

x

x y P = 4x + 5y
3a. 3.5x + 1.5y + 0.75z = 61.50
-2 0 4(-2) + 5(0) = -8
b. 3.5(6) + 1.5y + 0.75(24) = 61.50
2 0 4(2) + 5(0) = 8 21 + 1.5y + 18 = 61.50
2 3 4(2) + 5(3) = 23 1.5y = 22.50
1 6 4(1) + 5(6) = 34 y = 15
THINK AND DISCUSS

1. Possible answer: (10, 4, 3)
2. Passes through (0, 0, 1) and (0, 1, 0) and contains
lines parallel to the x-axis.

3. z 8. x-int.: 1.5x + 3(0) -2(0) = -6 z

yz PLANE
1.5x = -6
x = -4 y
xy PLANE
y-int.: 1.5(0) + 3y - 2(0) = -6
3y = -6
x
y y = -2
z-int.: 1.5(0) + 3(0) - 2z = -6
-2z = -6
x z=3
9a. 225x + 150y + 300z = 3000
b. i. 225(8) + 150(6) + 300z = 3000
xz PLANE 300z = 300
z=1
ii. 225(x) + 150(1) + 300(5) = 3000
EXERCISES
225x = 1350
GUIDED PRACTICE x=6
1. Possible answer: The 3-dimensional coordinate iii. 225(4) + 150y + 300(4) = 3000
system has 3 axes instead of 2 and uses 3 150y = 900
coordinates instead of 2 to denote a point. y=6
iv. 225(10) + 150(5) + 300z = 3000
2. z 3. z
300z = 0

z=0
y y c. 20 (all dishwashers)
PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

x x
10. z 11. z
4. z 5. z
y y
y y x
x
x x
12. z 13. z
6. x-int.: x + 0 + 0 = 3 z
y y
x=3
y-int.: 0 + y + 0 = 3 y
y=3 x x
z-int.: 0 + 0 + z = 3
x
z=3
14. z 15. z
7. x-int.: 5x - 2(0) - 4(0) = 10 z

x
5x = 10 y y
y
x=2

y-int.: 5(0) - 2y - 4(0) = 10 x
x
-2y = 10
y = -5
z-int.: 5(0) + 2(0) - 4z = 10
-4z = 10 16. z 17. z
z = -2.5
y y
x x

18. x-int.: x + (0) - (0) = -1 z b. i. 10(2) + 15(2) + 2.5z = 80
x = -1 2.5z = 30
y-int.: (0) + y - (0) = -1 y z = 12
y = -1 ii. 10x + 15(1) + 2.5(10) = 80
x
z-int.: (0) + (0) - z = -1 10x = 40
z=1 x=4
iii. 10(3) + 15y + 2.5(2) = 80
19. x-int.: 2x - (0) + 2(0) = 4 z
15y = 45
2x = 4
y=3
x=2 y iv. 10(5) + 15(1) + 2.5z = 80
y-int.: 2(0) - y + 2(0) = 4
2.5z = 15
-y = 4
x z=6
y = -4
z-int.: 2(0) - (0) + 2z = 4 25. Let x be the number of free throws, y be the number
2z = 4 of 2-pt. field goals, and z be the number of 3-pt. field
z=2 goals.
x + 2y + 3z = 60
20. x-int.: 2x + _1_ (0) + (0) = -2
z
2 20 + 2y + 3z = 60
2x = -2 2y + 3z = 40
x = -1 y Possible answer:
_
1 _
y-int.: 2(0) + y + (0) = -2 Three-pointers 2 4 6 8 10
2
_1_y = -2 x
Two-pointers 17 14 11 8 5
2
y = -4 26. (-3, -3, 3), (-3, 0, 3), (0, -3, 3), (0, 0, 3),
_
1 _
z-int.: 2(0) + (0) + z = -2 (-3, -3, 0), (0, 0, 0), (0, -3, 0)
2
z = -2 27. (-2, -2, 2), (-2, 2, 2), (2, -2, 2), (2, 2, 2),
(-2, -2 , -2), (-2, 2, -2)
21. x-int.: 5x + (0) - (0) = -5 z

5x = -5 28. 6h + 4t + 2c = 8000
x = -1 6h + 4(400) + 2c = 8000
y
y-int.: 5(0) + y - (0) = -5 6h + 2c = 6400
y = -5 $6400 remaining
2000 - 400 = 1600 ft 2 remaining
x
z-int.: 5(0) + (0) - z = -5
-z = -5 800 ft 2 hardwood and 800 ft 2 carpet
z=5 6(800) = $4800 for hardwood
2(800) = $1600 for carpet
22. x-int.: 8x + 6(0) + 4(0) = 24 z
Total is $6400.
8x = 24
Yes, it is possible to finish the rest of the flooring half
x=3 in hardwood and half in carpet.
y-int.: 8(0) + 6y + 4(0) = 24 y
6y = 24 29. Possible answer: No, it only represents 1 dimension.

y=4 For 2 dimensions you must move up and down as
z-int.: 8(0) +6(0) + 4z = 24 x
well as forward and backward or left and right.
4z = 24 30. Possible answer: Draw 2 perpendicular lines just
z=6 like a 2D grid. Label the horizontal “y” and the
z vertical “z”. Draw a line which would look like y = x
23. x-int.: 3x - 3(0) + 2.5(0) = 7.5
in 2D, through this graph. Label it “x”.
3x = 7.5
x = 2.5 y 31a. (7 ± 4, 12 ± 4, 10)
Possible answers: (3, 8, 10) and (11, 16, 10).
y-int.: 3(0) - 3y + 2.5(0) = 7.5
x
-3y = 7.5 b. (7, 12, 10 - 1.5) = (7, 12, 8.5)
y = -2.5
z-int.: 3(0) - 3(0) + 2.5z = 7.5 c. (7, 12, 8.5 + 4) = (7, 12, 12.5)
2.5z = 7.5 32. Solution B is incorrect. To find the x-intercept, the
z=3 z-value must equal 0.
24a. 10x + 15y + 2.5z = 80
TEST PREP
33. A 34. C; intercepts are at
(2, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0),
and (0, 0, 3)

35. H 36. _3_ ; 5(0) - 2(0) - 4z = -3 49. Step 1 Solve one equation for one variable.
4 x + 3y = 6
-4z = -3 x = -3y + 6
z = _3_ Step 2 Substitute the expression into the other
4 equation.
CHALLENGE AND EXTEND 2x - 3y = 9
2(-3y + 6) - 3y = 9
37. z 38. z
-6y + 12 - 3y = 9
-9y = -3
y y y = _1_
3
Step 3 Substitute the y-value into one of the original
x x
equations to solve for x.
x = -3y + 6
39. z
40. z
3 ()
x = -3 _1_ + 6
x = -1 + 6
x=5
( )
The solution is the ordered pair 5, _1_ .
y
y
3
x
x
3-6 SOLVING LINEAR SYSTEMS IN

THREE VARIABLES, PAGES 220-226
41. Possible answer: 42. Possible answer:
x + 2y - 4z = 4 2x + y + 5z = 50 CHECK IT OUT!
SPIRAL REVIEW -x + y + 2z = 7 ➀
43. square pyramid 44. triangular prism 

1. 2x + 3y + z = 1 ➁
-3x - 4y + z = 4 ➂
45. sphere 46. 120x = 1920 Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Multiply equation ➂
x = 16 days by -1 and eliminate z from equations ➁ and ➂ by
47. Step 1 Solve one 48. Step 1 Solve one adding.
equation for one equation for one 2x + 3y + z = 1 ➁
variable. The first variable. 3x + 4y + z = -4 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
equation is already 6x - y = 5 5x + 7y = -3 ➃
solved for x: x = 5y. y = -6x + 5 Multiply equation ➂ by -2 and eliminate z from
Step 2 Substitute Step 2 Substitute equations ➀ and ➂ by adding.
the expression into the expression into x + y + 2z = 7 ➀
the other equation. the other equation. 6x + 8y - 2z = –8 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
_2_x + 7y = 18 4y - 3x = 1 5x + 9y = -1 ➄
5 4(6x - 5) - 3x = 1 5x + 7y = -3 ➃
_2_(5y) + 7y = 18 24x - 20 - 3x = 1 
5x + 9y = -1 ➄
5 21x = 21 
2y + 7y = 18 Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for
x=1
9y = 18 the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➄ by -1
y=2 and eliminate x from equations ➃ and ➄ by adding.
Step 3 Substitute the 5x + 7y = -3 ➃
y-value into one of the -5x - 9y = 1 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
solve for y.
original equations to -2y = -2
y = -6x + 5
solve for x. y=1
y = -6(1) + 5
x = 5y Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2
y=1
x = 5(2) system to solve for x.
The solution is the
x = 10 5x + 7y = -3
ordered pair (1, 1).
The solution is the 5x + 7(1) = -3
ordered pair (10, 2). 5x = -10
x = -2
Step 4 Substitute for x and y in one of the original
equations to solve for z.
-x + y + 2z = 7 ➀
2 + 1 + 2z = 7
2z = 4
z=2
The solution is (-2, 1, 2).

2. Step 1 Let x represent the number of points for a x - y + 3z = 6 ➀
first-place vote, y for a second-place vote, and z for
a third-place vote.

b. 2x - 4y + 6z = 10 ➁
y - z = -2 ➂
3x + y + 4z = 15 ➀ Jada’s points
Multiply equation ➀ by -2, and eliminate z from
 2x + 4y = 14 ➁ Maria’s points equations ➀ and ➁ by adding.
 2x + 2y + 3z = 13 ➂ Al’s points -2x + 2y - 6z = -12 ➀
Step 2 Solve for x in equation ➁. 2x - 4y + 6z = 10 ➁
_________________
2x + 4y = 14 - 2y = -2
2x = -4y + 14 y=1 ➃
x = -2y + 7 Eliminate y from equations ➀ and ➂ by adding.
Step 3 Substitute for x in equations ➀ and ➂. x - y + 3z = 6 ➀
3(-2y + 7) + y + 4z = 15 ➀ y - z = -2 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
2(-2y + 7) + 2y + 3z = 13 ➂ x+ 2z = 4 ➄
-5y + 4z = -6 ➃ y - 1 ➃
 
-2y + 3z = -1 ➄ x + 2z = 4 ➄
 
Step 4 Multiply equation ➄ by -1 and solve for z by inconsistent, no solution
adding equations ➃ and ➄.
-5y + 4z = -6 ➃ THINK AND DISCUSS
2y - 3z = 1 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ 1. Possible answer: Inconsistent systems have two
-3y + z = -5 vertical, non-intersecting planes each cut by a
z = 3y - 5 third vertical plane. Dependent systems have two
Step 5 Substitute for z in equation ➃. identical planes cut by a third plane.
-5y + 4(3y - 5) = -6 ➃
2.
7y = 14 3YSTEMSOF%QUATIONS
y=2
Step 6 Substitute for y to solve for x and then for z. BY VARIABLESSOLVEBYGRAPHING BY VARIABLESSOLVEBYGRAPHING
2x + 4y = 14 ➁ -2y + 3z = - 1 ➄ SUBSTITUTIONORELIMINATIONONEZERO SUBSTITUTIONORELIMINATIONONEZERO
ORINFINITELYMANYSOLUTIONS ORINFINITELYMANYSOLUTIONS
2x + 4(2) = 14 -2(2) + 3z = - 1
2x = 6 3z = 3
x=3 z=1
The solution to the system is (3, 2, 1). EXERCISES
3x - y + 2z = 4 ➀ GUIDED PRACTICE

3a. 2x - y + 3z = 7 ➁ -2x + y + 3z = 20 ➀
-9x + 3y - 6z = -12 ➂
Multiply equation ➁ by -1, and eliminate y from

1. -3x + 2y + z = 21 ➁
3x - 2y + 3z = -9 ➂
equations ➀ and ➁ by adding. Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Multiply equation ➀
3x - y + 2z = 4 ➀ by -2, and eliminate y from equations ➀ and ➁ by
-2x + y - 3z = -7 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ adding.
x- z = -3 ➃ 4x - 2y - 6z = -40 ➀
Multiply equation ➁ by 3, and eliminate y from -3x + 2y + z = 21 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
equations ➁ and ➂ by adding. x - 5z = -19 ➃
6x - 3y + 9z = 21 ➁ Multiply equation ➀ by 2 and eliminate y from
-9x + 3y - 6z = -12 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ equations ➀ and ➂ by adding.
-3x + 3z = 9➄ -4x + 2y + 6z = 40 ➀

x - z = -3 ➃ 3x - 2y + 3z = -9 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-3x + 3z = 9 ➄ -x + 9z = 31 ➄

Multiply equation ➃ by 3, and eliminate x from 
x - 5z = - 1 9 ➃
equations ➃ and ➄ by adding. 
-x + 9z = 31 ➄
3x - 3z = -9 ➃ 
Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for
-3x + 3z = 9 ➄
_____________ the remaining variable. Eliminate x from equations
0= 0 ➃ and ➄ by adding.
consistent and dependent; infinite number of x - 5z = -19 ➃
solutions -x + 9z = 31 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
4z = 12
z=3

Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2 5x + 10y + 12z = 310 ➀
system to solve for x.
x - 5z = -19 ➃

4. 5x + 5y + 4z = 155 ➁
4x + 2y + 3z = 92 ➂
x - 5(3) = -19 Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Multiply equation ➁
x = -4 by -1 and eliminate x from equations ➀ and ➁ by
Step 4 Substitute for x and z in one of the original adding.
equations to solve for y. 5x + 10y + 12z = 310 ➀
-2x + y + 3z = 20 ➀ -5x - 5y - 4z = -155 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-2(-4) + y + 3(3) = 20 5y + 8z = 155 ➃
y=3 Multiply equation ➀ by 4 and equation ➂ by -5,
The solution is (-4, 3, 3). and eliminate x by adding.
x + 2y + 3z = 9 ➀ x + 2y + z = 8 ➀ 20x + 40y + 48z = 1240 ➀

2. x + 3y + 2z = 5 ➁ 
3. 2x + y - z = 4 ➁ -20x - 10y - 15z = -460 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
30y + 33z = 780 ➄
x + 4y - z = -5 ➂ x + y + 3z = 7 ➂ 5y + 8z = 1 55 ➃
Step 1 Eliminate Step 1 Eliminate 
30y + 33z = 780 ➄
one variable. Multiply one variable. Multiply 
equation ➁ by -1 equation ➂ by -1 Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for
and eliminate x from and eliminate x from the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➃ by -6
equations ➀ and ➁ equations ➀ and ➂ and eliminate y from equations ➃ and ➄ by adding.
by adding. by adding. -30y - 48z = -930 ➃
x + 2y + 3z = 9 ➀ x + 2y + z = 8 ➀ 30y + 33z = 780 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-x - 3y - 2z = -5 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ -x - y - 3z = 7 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ -15z = -150
-y + z = 4 y - 2z = 1 ➃ z = 10
Multiply equation ➂ by Multiply equation ➀ by Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2
-1 and eliminate x from 2 and equation ➁ by system to solve for y.
equations ➁ and ➂ by -1, and eliminate x 5y + 8z = 155 ➃
adding. by adding. 5y + 8(10) = 155
x + 3y + 2z = 5 ➁ 2x + 4y + 2z = 16 ➀ 5y = 75
-x - 4y + z = 5 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ -2x - y + z = -4 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ y = 15
-y + 3z = 10 ➄ 3y + 3z = 12 ➄ Step 4 Substitute for y and z in one of the original
-y + z = 4 ➃ y - 2z = 1 ➃ equations to solve for x.
  4x + 2y + 3z = 92 ➂
-y + 3z = 10 ➄ 3y + 3z = 12 ➄
  4x + 2(15) + 3(10) = 92
Step 2 Eliminate Step 2 Eliminate
4x = 32
another variable. another variable.
x=8
Then solve for the Then solve for the
senior: $8; adult: $15; child: $10
remaining variable. remaining variable.
Multiply equation ➄ Multiply equation ➃ 2x + 4y - 2z = 4 ➀
by -1 and eliminate
y from equations ➃
by -3 and eliminate
y from equations ➃

5. -x - 2y + z = 4 ➁
3x + 6y - 3z = 10 ➂
and ➄ by adding. and ➄ by adding. Multiply equation ➁ by 2 and eliminate z from ➀
-y + z = 4➃ -3y + 6z = -3 ➃ and ➁ by adding.
y - 3z = -10 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ 3y + 3z = 12 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ 2x + 4y - 2z = 4
-2z = -6 9z = 9 -2x - 4y + 2z = 8
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
z=3 z=1 0 = 12
Step 3 Use one of the Step 3 Use one of the inconsistent; no solution
equations in your 2-by-2 equations in your 2-by-2
system to solve for y. system to solve for y.
-y + z = 4 y - 2z = 1 ➃
-y + (3) = 4 y - 2(1) = 1
y = -1 y =3
Step 4 Substitute for Step 4 Substitute for
y and z in one of the y and z in one of the
original equations to original equations to
solve for x. solve for x.
x + 2y + 3z = 9 ➀ x + 2y + z = 8 ➀
x + 2 (-1) + 3(3) = 9 x + 2(3) + (1) = 8
x=2 x=1
The solution is The solution is (1, 3, 1).
(2, -1, 3).

2x + 4y - 5z = -10 ➀ PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

6. -x - 2y + 8z = 16 ➁ 2x - y - 3z = 1 ➀
-2x + 4y + 2z = 4 ➂ 
8. 4x + 3y + 2z = -4 ➁
Multiply equation ➁ by -1 and eliminate y from -3x + 2y + 5z = -3 ➂
equations ➀ and ➂ by adding. Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Multiply equation ➀
2x + 4y - 5z = -10 ➀ by 2 and eliminate y from equations ➀ and ➂ by
2x - 4y - 2z = -4 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ adding.
4x - 7z = -14 ➃ 4x - 2y - 6z = 2 ➀
Multiply equation ➁ by 2 and eliminate y from -3x + 2y + 5z = -3 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
equations ➁ and ➂ by adding. x - z = -1 ➃
-2x - 4y + 16z = 32 ➁ Multiply equation ➀ by 3 and eliminate y from
-2x + 4y + 2z = 4 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ equations ➀ and ➁ by adding.
-4x + 18z = 36 ➄ 6x - 3y - 9z = 3 ➀

4x - 7z = - 1 4 ➃ 4x + 3y + 2z = -4 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-4x + 18z = 36 ➄ 10x - 7z = -1 ➄
 
Eliminate x from equations ➃ and ➄ by adding. x - z = -1 ➃
4x - 7z = -14 ➃

10x - 7z = -1 ➄
-4x + 18z = 36 ➄ 
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for
11z = 22 the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➃ by -10
z=2 and eliminate x from ➃ and ➄ by adding.
consistent; one solution -10x + 10z = 10 ➃
-2x + 3y + z = 15 ➀ 10x - 7z = -1 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲

7. x + 3y - z = -1 ➁ 3z = 9
z=3
-5x - 6y + 4z = -16 ➂
Multiply equation ➁ by -1 and eliminate y from Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2
equations ➀ and ➁ by adding. system to solve for x.
-2x + 3y + z = 15 ➀ x - z = -1 ➂
-x - 3y + z = 1 ➁ x - (3) = -1
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-3x + 2z = 16 ➃ x=2
Multiply equation ➁ by 2 and eliminate y from Step 4 Substitute for x and z in one of the original
equations ➁ and ➂ by adding. equations to solve for y.
2x + 6y - 2z = -2 ➁ 2x - y - 3z = 1 ➀
-5x - 6y + 4z = -16 ➂ 2(2) - y - 3(3) = 1
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-3x + 2z = -18 ➄ y = -6
-3x + 2z = 1 6 ➃ The solution is (2, -6, 3).

-3x + 2z = -18 ➄

Multiply equation by -1 and eliminate x by adding.
-3x + 2z = 16 ➃
3x - 2z = 18 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
0 = 34
inconsistent; no solution

5x - 6y + 2z = 21 ➀ 4x + 7y - z = 42 ➀

9. 2x + 3y - 3z = -9 ➁ 
10. -2x + 2y + 3z = -26 ➁
-3x + 9y - 4z = -24 ➂ 2x - 3y + 5z = 10 ➂
Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Multiply equation ➀ Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Eliminate x from
by 2, and eliminate z from equations ➀ and ➂ by equations ➁ and ➂ by adding.
adding. -2x + 2y + 3z = -26 ➁
10x - 12y + 4z = 42 ➀ 2x - 3y + 5z = 10 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-3x + 9y - 4z = -24 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ -y + 8z = -16 ➃
7x - 3y = 18 ➃ Multiply equation ➂ by -2 and eliminate x from
Multiply equation ➀ by 3 and equation ➁ by 2. equations ➀ and ➂ by adding.
Eliminate z by adding. 4x + 7y - z = 42 ➀
15x - 18y + 6z = 63 ➀ -4x + 6y - 10z = -20 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
4x + 6y - 6z = -18 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ 13y - 11z = 22 ➄
19x - 12y = 45 ➄ -y + 8z = - 16 ➃
7x - 3y = 18 ➃ 
13y - 11z = 22 ➄
 
19x - 12y = 45 ➄ Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for

Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➃ by 13,
the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➃ by -4, and eliminate y from equations ➃ and ➄ by adding.
and eliminate y from equations ➃ and ➄ by adding. -13y + 104z = -208 ➃
-28x + 12y = -72 ➃ 13y - 11z = 22 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
19x - 12y = 45 ➄
________________ 93z = -186
-9x = -27 z = -2
x=3 Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2
Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2 system to solve for y.
system to solve for y. -y + 8z = -16 ➃
7x - 3y = 18 ➃ -y + 8(-2) = -16
7(3) - 3y = 18 y=0
-3y = -3 Step 4 Substitute for y and z in one of the original
y=1 equations to solve for x.
Step 4 Substitute for x and y in one of the original 2x - 3y + 5z = 10 ➂
equations to solve for z. 2x - 3(0) + 5(-2) = 10
2x + 3y - 3z = -9 ➁ 2x = 20
2(3) + 3(1) - 3z = -9 x = 10
-3z = -18 The solution is (10, 0, -2).
z=6
The solution is (3, 1, 6).

8x + 9y + 10z = 9.2 ➀ 3x + 3y + 3z = 4 ➀

11. 9x + 7y + 8z = 8.1 ➁ 
13. 2x - y - 5z = 2 ➁
6x + 10y + 8z = 7.8 ➂ 5x + 2y - 2z = 8 ➂
Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Multiply equation ➂ Multiply equation ➁ by 3 and eliminate y from
by -1 and eliminate z from equations ➁ and ➂ by equations ➀ and ➁ by adding.
adding. 3x + 3y + 3z = 4 ➀
9x + 7y + 8z = 8.1 ➁ 6x - 3y - 15z = 6 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-6x - 10y - 8z = -7.8 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ 9x - 12z = 10 ➃
3x - 3y = 0.3 ➃ Multiply equation ➁ by 2 and eliminate y from
Multiply equation ➀ by 4 and equation ➂ by -5. equations ➁ and ➂ by adding.
Eliminate z by adding. 4x - 2y - 10z = 4 ➁
32x + 36y + 40z = 36.8 ➀ 5x + 2y - 2z = 8 ➂
-30x - 50y - 40z = -39.0 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ 9x - 12z = 12 ➄
2x - 14y = -2.2 ➄ 
3x - 3y = 0.3 ➃
9x - 12z = 10 ➃
9x - 12z = 12 ➄
 
2x - 14y = -2.2 ➄ Multiply equation ➃ by -1 and eliminate x from

Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for equations ➃ and ➄ by adding.
the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➃ by 2, -9x + 12z = -10 ➃
and equation ➄ by -3. Eliminate x by adding. 9x - 12z = 12 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
6x - 6y = 0.6 0= 2
-6x + 42y = 6.6
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ inconsistent; no solution
36y = 7.2 -x + y + z = 8 ➀
y = 0.2
Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2 
14. 2x - 2y - 2z = -16 ➁
system to solve for y. 2x - y + 4z = -6 ➂
Eliminate y from equations ➀ and ➂ by adding.
3x - 3y = 0.3 ➃
-x + y + z = 8 ➀
3x - 3(0.2) = 0.3
2x - y + 4z = -6 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
3x = 0.9
x + 5z = 2 ➃
x = 0.3
Multiply equation ➂ by -2 and eliminate y from
equations ➁ and ➂ by adding.
2x - 2y - 2z = -16 ➁
8x + 9y + 10z = 9.2 ➀
-4x + 2y - 8z = 12 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
8(0.3) + 9(0.2) + 10z = 9.2
-2x - 10z = -4 ➄
10z = 5 x + 5z = 2 ➃
z = 0.5 
-2x - 10z = -4 ➄
talent: 30%; presentation: 20%; star quality: 50% 
Multiply equation ➃ by 2 and eliminate x from
4x - 3y + z = -9 ➀ equations ➃ and ➄ by adding.

12. -3x + 2y - z = 6 ➁ 2x + 10z = 4 ➃
-2x - 10z = -4 ➄
-x + 3y + 2z = 9 ➂
0= 0
Eliminate z from equations ➀ and ➁ by adding.
consistent; infinite number of solutions
4x - 3y + z = -9 ➀
-3x + 2y - z = 6 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
x - y = -3 ➃
Multiply equation ➀ by -2 and eliminate z from
equations ➀ and ➂ by adding.
-8x + 6y - 2z = 18 ➀
-x + 3y + 2z = 9 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-9x + 9y = 27 ➄
x - y = -3 ➃

-9x + 9y = 27 ➄

Multiply equation ➃ by 9 and eliminate x from
equations ➃ and ➄ by adding.
9x - 9y = -27 ➃
-9x + 9y = 27 ➄
0= 0
consistent; infinite number of solutions

m∠A = 2m∠B + 2m∠C ➀ 18. Possible answer: The type of solution will depend

15. m∠B = 3m∠C ➁ on the third equation. The third equation could
represent a plane that contains the line, intersects
m∠A + m∠B + m∠C = 180 ➂
Step 1 Solve for m∠B. The second equation is the line in a single point, or does not intersect the
already solved for m∠B: m∠B = 3m∠C. line at all. There could be 1, 0, or infinitely many
Step 2 Substitute for m∠B in equations ➀ and ➂. solutions.
m∠A = 2(3m∠C) + 2m∠C ➀ x + y + z = 53 ➀

m∠A + (3m∠C) + m∠C = 180 ➂
 
19a. 3x - 2y + z = 69 ➁
-x + 2y - z = -59 ➂
m∠A = 8m∠C ➃
Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Multiply equation ➀
m∠A + 4m∠C = 180 ➄
 by -1, and eliminate z from equations ➀ and ➁ by
Step 3 Solve equation ➄ for m∠A.
m∠A + 4m∠C = 180 ➄ adding.
m∠A = -4m∠C + 180 -x - y - z = -53 ➀
Step 4 Substitute for m∠A in equation ➃. 3x - 2y + z = 69 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
m∠A = 8m∠C ➃ 2x - 3y = 16 ➃
(-4m∠C + 180) = 8m∠C Eliminate z from equations ➀ and ➂ by adding.
180 = 12m∠C x + y + z = 53 ➀
15 = m∠C -x + 2y - z = -59 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
Step 5 Substitute for m∠C to solve for m∠B and 3y = -6
then for m∠A. y = -2 ➄
2x - 3y = 16 ➃
m∠B = 3m∠C ➁ m∠A = 2m∠B + 2m∠C ➂ 
m∠B = 3(15) m∠A = 2(45) + 2(15) y = -2 ➄

m∠B = 45 m∠A = 120 Step 2 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2
m∠A = 120°, m∠B = 45°, m∠C = 15° system to solve for x.
2x - 3y = 16 ➃
16. Step 1 Let x be the number of 3-pt. baskets, y be
2x - 3(-2) = 16
the number of 2-pt. baskets, and z be the number
2x = 10
of 1-pt. free throws.
y = z + 2144 x=5
➀
z = x + 1558 ➁
3x + 2y + z = 13,726 ➂ x + y + z = 53 ➀
Step 2 Solve for x in equation ➁. (5) + (-2) + z = 53
z = x + 1558 ➁ z = 50
x = z - 1558 The solution is (5, -2, 50).
Equation ➀ is already solved for y: y = z + 2144.
Step 3 Substitute for x and y in equation ➂. b. 50 ft
3(z - 1558) + 2(z + 2144) + z = 13,726 c. (5, -2, 0)
3z - 4674 + 2z + 4288 + z = 13,726
6z = 14,112 TEST PREP
z = 2352 20. B; 2(0) + (2) + 3(-1) = -1 ✓
Step 4 Solve equation ➀ for y. 4(0) + 2(2) + 3(-1) = 1 ✓
y = z + 2144 ➀ (0) - (2) + 4(-1) = -6 ✓
y = (2353) + 2144
y = 4496 21. J;
Step 5 Substitute for z in equation ➁ to solve for x. Step 1 Let a represent Ann’s age, b represent
z = x + 1558 ➁ Betty’s age, and c represent Charlotte’s age.
2352 = x + 1558 a = 2b ➀
794 = x
Dampier made 794 3-point. baskets, 4496 2-point.

b = c - 12 ➁
c + 5 = 2(b + 5) ➂
baskets, and 2352 free throws. Step 2 Solve for c in equation ➁.
17a. Possible answer: You find an infinite number of b = c - 12 ➁
solutions. c = b + 12
b. Possible answer: A single solution in 3 dimensions Step 3 Substitute for c in equation ➂.
is a point with 3 coordinates, so you need 3 (b + 12) + 5 = 2b + 10 ➂
equations to identify the point. Each equation 7=b
represents a piece of information, so you must Step 4 Substitute for b to solve for a and then
have 3. for c.
a = 2b ➀ c + 5 = 2(b + 5) ➂
a = 2(7) c + 5 = 2(7 + 5)
a = 14 c = 19

x + 4y = 6 ➀ Step 3 Use the equations in your 3-by-3 system to

22. 2x + 3z = 12 ➁ solve for w and y.
4y + z = 10 ➂ 2w + 5x = -8 ➄ w + 2x - 5y = 2 ➅
From ➀ x = 6 - 4y 2w + 5(-2) = -8 (1) + 2(-2) - 5y = 2
From ➂ z = 10 - 4y 2w = 2 -5y = 5
Substitute these into ➁. w= 1 y = -1
2(6 - 4y) + 3(10 - 4y) = 12 Step 4 Substitute for x, y, and w in one of the
12 - 8y + 30 - 12y = 12 original equations to solve for z.
-20y = -30 w + 2x + 2y + z = -2 ➀
y = _3_
(1) + 2(-2) + 2(-1) + z = -2
2 z=3
Substitute y = _3_ into ➀. The solution is (1, -2, -1, 3).
2
()
x + 4 _3_ = 6
2
24. Let a represent Fund A, b represent Fund B, and c
represent Fund C.
x+6=6 300a + 300b + 400c = 56 ➀
x=0 600a + 200b + 200c = 76 ➁
100a + 300b + 600c = 30 ➂
CHALLENGE AND EXTEND
Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Multiply equation ➀
w + 2x + 2y + z = -2 ➀ by -1 and equation ➁ by 2. Eliminate c by adding.
23.
w + 3x - 2y - z = -6
-2w - x + 3y + 3z = 6 ➂
w + 4x + y - 2z = -14 ➃
➁ -300a - 300b - 400c = -56 ➀
1200a + 400b + 400c = 152 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
900a + 100b = 96 ➃
Step 1 Eliminate z from equations ➀ and ➁ by Multiply equation ➁ by 3 and equation ➂ by -1.
adding. Eliminate c by adding.
w + 2x + 2y + z = -2 ➀ 1800a + 600b + 600c = 228 ➁
w + 3x - 2y - z = -6 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ -100a - 300b - 600c = -30 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
2w + 5x = -8 ➄ 1700a + 300b = 198 ➄
Multiply equation ➁ by 2 and equation ➃ by -1. 900a + 100b = 96 ➃

Eliminate z by adding. 1700a + 300b = 198 ➄

2w + 6x - 4y - 2z = -12 ➁ Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for
- w - 4x - y + 2z = 14 ➃
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➃ by 3,
w + 2x - 5y = 2➅ and equation ➄ by -1. Eliminate b by adding.
Multiply equation ➁ by 3 and eliminate z from 2700a + 300b = 288 ➃
equations ➁ and ➂ by adding. -1700a - 300b = -198 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
3w + 9x - 6y - 3z = -18 ➁ 1000a = 90
- 2w - x + 3y + 3z = 6➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ a = 0.09
w + 8x - 3y = -12 ➆ Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2
2w + 5x = -8 ➄ system to solve for b.
w + 2x - 5y = 2 ➅ 1700a + 300b = 198 ➄
w + 8x - 3y = -12 ➆ 1700(0.09) + 300b = 198
Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for 300b = 45
the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➆ by 5 b = 0.15
and equation ➅ by -3. Eliminate y by adding. Step 4 Substitute for a and b in one of the original
5w + 40x - 15y = -60 ➆ equations to solve for c.
-3w - 6x + 15y = -6 ➅ 300a + 300b + 400c = 56 ➀
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
2w + 34x = -66 ➇ 300(0.09) + 300(0.15) + 400c = 56
Multiply equation ➇ by -1 and eliminate w from 400c = -16
equations ➄ and ➇ by adding. c = -0.04
2w + 5x =-8 ➄ Fund A yields 9%, Fund B yields 15%, and Fund C
-2w - 34x = 66 ➇ yields -4%.
-29x = 58 SPIRAL REVIEW
x =-2
25. From (-3, 2), (-3 + 6, 2 + 1) = (3, 3)
26. From (-3, 2), (-3 - 4, 2 - 2) = (-7, 0)
27. 11 × 0.65 = 7.15
8 × 0.65 = 5.2
Dimensions 7.15 m × 5.2 m.

28. 4x - 3y = -6 29. 3y - 2x = -12 x + y + z = 0 ➀
-3y = -4x - 6 3y = 2x - 12 
9. 2x + y - 2z = -8 ➁
y = _4_ x + 2 y = _2_ x - 4 -x + 4z = 10 ➂
3 3 Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Eliminate x from ➀
y y
and ➂ by adding.
x

x+y+ z= 0➀

x
-x + 4z = 10 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲

y + 5z = 10 ➃
Multiply equation ➀ by 2 and equation ➁ by -1.
Eliminate x by adding.

2x + 2y + 2z = 0 ➀
-2x - y + 2z = 8 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
30. 2x + 5y = 15
y + 4z = 8 ➄
5y = -2x + 15 y + 5z = 10 ➃
y = - _2_ x + 3 
y + 4z = 8 ➄
5 
y Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for

the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➄ by -1,
and eliminate y from equations ➃ and ➄ by adding.
x
y + 5z = 10 ➃
-y - 4z = -8 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
z= 2
Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2
system to solve for y.
y + 5z = 10 ➃
READY TO GO ON? PAGE 229 y + 5(2) = 10
y=0
1.–3. z
4. z Step 4 Substitute for y and z in one of the original
y x+y+z=0➀
y x + (0) + (2) = 0
x
x = -2

x x + 2y + z = 7 ➀

10. x - 2y - 4z = 0 ➁
2x - y + 4z = -3 ➂
5. z 6. z Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Eliminate y from
equations ➀ and ➁ by adding.
x + 2y + z = 7 ➀

y x - 2y - 4z = 0 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
y
2x - 3z = 7 ➃
Multiply equation ➂ by 2 and eliminate y from
x
equations ➀ and ➂ by adding.
x
x + 2y + z = 7 ➀
4x - 2y + 8z = -6 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
7. Let x be the number of teeth cleanings, y be the 5x + 9z = 1 ➄
number of one-surface fillings, and z be the number 
of initial visits.
2x - 3z = 7 ➃
5x + 9z = 1 ➄
50x + 100y + 75z = 3500 
8. the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➃ by 3,
Day Cleaning Filling Initial Visit
and eliminate z from equations ➃ and ➄ by adding.
Monday 20 22 4 6x - 9z = 21 ➃
Tuesday 25 18 6 5x + 9z = 1 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
11x = 22
Wednesday 16 24 4 x=2
Thursday 25 21 2 Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2
system to solve for z.
2x - 3z = 7 ➃
2(2) - 3z = 7
-3z = 3
z = -1

Step 4 Substitute for x and z in one of the original 13. The equations can be simplified to
equations to solve for y. 6x + 8y + 14z = 65 ➀
x + 2y + z = 7 ➀ 2x + 2y + 3z = 16 ➁
(2) + 2y + (-1) = 7 4x + 2y + 3z = 20 ➂
2y = 6 Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Multiply equation ➁
y=3 by -4, and eliminate y from equations ➀ and ➁ by
The solution is (2, 3, -1). adding.
2x + 2y + z = 10 ➀ 6x + 8y + 14z = 65 ➀
-8x - 8y - 12z = -64 ➁

11. x - 2y + 3z = 13 ➁ ̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-2x + 2z = 1➃
x - y + 3z = 12 ➂
Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Eliminate y from Multiply equation ➂ by -4 and eliminate y from
equations ➀ and ➁ by adding. equations ➀ and ➂ by adding.
2x + 2y + z = 10 ➀ 6x + 8y + 14z = 65 ➀
x - 2y + 3z = 13 ➁ -16x - 8y - 12z = -80 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
3x + 4z = 23 ➃ -10x + 2z = -15 ➄
-2x + 2z = 1 ➃
Multiply equation ➁ by -1 and equation ➂ by 2. 
Eliminate y by adding. -10x + 2z = -15 ➄

-x + 2y - 3z = -13 ➁ Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for
2x - 2y + 6z = 24 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➄ by -1,
x + 3z = 11 ➄ and eliminate z from equations ➃ and ➄ by adding.
3x + 4z = 23 ➃ -2x + 2z = 1 ➃
 10x - 2z = 15 ➄
x + 3z = 11 ➄ ̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
 8x = 16
the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➄ by -3, x= 2
and eliminate x from equations ➃ and ➄ by adding. Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2
3x + 4z = 23 ➃ system to solve for z.
-3x - 9z = -33 ➄ -10x + 2z = -15 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-5z = -10 -10(2) + 2z = -15
z= 2 2z = 5
Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2 z = 2.5
system to solve for x. Step 4 Substitute for x and z in one of the original
x + 3z = 11 ➄ equations to solve for y.
x + 3(2) = 11 2x + 2y + 3z = 16 ➁
x=5 2(2) + 2y + 3(2.5) = 16
Step 4 Substitute for x and z in one of the original 2y = 4.5
equations to solve for y. y = 2.25
x - y + 3z = 12 ➂ Type A costs $2, Type B costs $2.25, and Type C
(5) - y + 3(2) = 12 costs $2.50.
y = -1 2x - 2y + 3z = -2 ➀
The solution is (5, -1, 2). 
14. 4y + 6z = 1 ➁
12. Let x be the price of Type A, y be the price of 4x - 4y + 6z = 5 ➂
Type B, and z be the price of Type C. Multiply equation ➀ by -2 and eliminate y from
 6x + 8y + 14z = 65 equations ➀ and ➂ by adding.
-4x + 4y - 6z = 4 ➀
 10x + 10y + 15z = 80
 12x + 6y + 9z = 60 4x - 4y + 6z = 5 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
0=9

x+y=6
4x - y + z = 5 ➀ 7. 

15. 3x + y + 2z = 5 ➁ x-y=2
y = -x + 6 y=x-2
2x - 5z = -8 ➂
Multiply equation ➀ by 5 and eliminate z from x y x y
equations ➀ and ➂ by adding. -4 10 -4 -6
20x - 5y + 5z = 25 ➀
0 6 0 -2
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
2x - 5z = -8 ➂
22x - 5y = 17 ➃ 4 2 4 2
Multiply equation ➁ by 5 and equation ➂ by 2. The solution to the
Eliminate z by adding. system is (4, 2).
15x + 5y + 10z = 25 ➁
 x - 6y = 2
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
4x - 10z = -16 ➂ 8. 
19x + 5y = 9➄  2x - 5y = -3
22x - 5y = 17 ➃ y = _1_ x - _1_ y = _2_ x + _3_
 6 3 5 5
19x + 5y = 9 ➄
 x y x y
Eliminate y from equations ➃ and ➄ by adding.
22x - 5y = 17 ➃ -4 -1 -4 -1
- _1_ _3_
19x + 5y = 9 ➄
0 0
41x = 26 3 5
x = ___
26 The solution to the
41 system is (-4, -1).
consistent; one solution  x - 3y = 6
2x + y - 3z = 4 ➀ 9. 
 3x - y = 2

16. x - 3y + z = -8 ➁ y = _1_ x - 2 y = 3x - 2
-x + 3y - z = 8 ➂ 3
Multiply equation ➂ by 2 and eliminate x from x y x y
equations ➀ and ➂. -3 -3 -3 -11
2x + y - 3z = 4 ➀
-2x + 6y - 2z = 16 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ 0 -2 0 -2
7y - 5z = 20 ➃ The solution to the
2x + y - 3z = 4 system is (0, -2).
-2x + 6y - 2z = 16
7y - 5z = 20 10. y = x - 7 11. _1_ x + 2y = 3
2
7y - 5z = 20 ➃ x + 9y = 16
 9y = -x + 16 2y = - _1_ x + 3
7y - 5z = 20 ➄ 2

dependent; infinitely many solutions y = - _1_ x + ___
16
y = - 1_ x + _3_
_
9 9 4 2
independent; x + 4y = 6
STUDY GUIDE: REVIEW, PAGES 232-235 one solution 4y = -x + 6
y = - _1_ x + _3_
4 2
VOCABULARY
infinite number of
1. dependent 2. elimination solutions
3. system of linear inequalities, feasible region 12. 5x - 10y = 8 13. 4x - 3y = 21
4. three-dimensional coordinate system, ordered triple 10y = 5x - 8 3y = 4x - 21
5. consistent y = _1_ x - _4_ y = _4_ x - 7
2 5 3
x - 2y = 4 2x - 2y = 10
LESSON 3-1 2y = x - 4 2y = 2x - 10
 y = 2x y = _1_ x - 2 y=x-5
2 independent;
6.  inconsistent; no solution
 3x - y = 5 one solution
y = 2x y = 3x - 5
x y x y
0 0 0 -5
5 10 5 10
The solution to the
system is (5, 10).

14. Step 1 Write an equation for costs for each  4x - y = 0  5x = -10y
17.  18. 
locksmith for a house call and re-keying locks.  6x - 3y = 12  8x - 4y = 40
Let x represent Locksmith A and y represent Step 1 Solve one Step 1 Solve one
Locksmith B. equation for one equation for one
Locksmith A: y = 15x + 25 variable. variable.
Locksmith B: y = 20x + 10 4x - y = 0 5x = -10y
Step 2 Solve the system by using a table of values. y = 4x x = -2y
y = 15x + 25 y = 20x + 10 Step 2 Substitute the Step 2 Substitute the
expression into the expression into the
x y x y other equation. other equation.
1 40 1 30 6x - 3y = 12 8x - 4y = 40
6x - 3(4x) = 12 8(-2y) - 4y = 40
2 55 2 50
6x - 12x = 12 -16y + 4y = 40
3 70 3 70 -6x = 12 -20y = 40
x = -2 y = -2
The total costs will be the same for 3 locks.
x-value into one of the y-value into one of the
LESSON 3-2 original equations to original equations to
solve for y. solve for x.
 y = 3x y=x-1
15.  16.  4x - y = 0 5x = -10y
 2x - 3y = -7  4x - y = 19 4(-2) - y = 0 5x = -10(-2)
Step 1 Solve one Step 1 Solve one
y = -8 x=4
equation for one equation for one
The solution is the The solution is the
variable. variable.
ordered pair (-2, -8). ordered pair (4, -2).
The first equation is The first equation is
already solved for y: already solved for y:  4x + 5y = 41 ➀  -4x - y = -16 ➀
y = 3x. y = x - 1. 19.  20. 
 7x + 5y = 53 ➁  -4x - 5y = -32 ➁
Step 2 Substitute the Step 2 Substitute the Step 1 To eliminate y, Step 1 To eliminate x,
expression into the expression into the multiply both sides of multiply both sides of the
other equation. other equation. the second equation first equation by -1.
2x + 3y = -7 4x - y = 19 by -1. -1(-4x - y) = -1(-16) ➀
2x - 3(3x) = -7 4x - (x - 1) = 19 -1(7x + 5y) = -1(53) ➁ Add to eliminate x.
2x - 9x = -7 3x + 1 = 19 Add to eliminate y. 4x + y = 16 ➀
-7x = -7 3x = 18 4x + 5y = 41 ➀ -4x - 5y = -32 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
x=1 x= 6 -7x - 5y = -53 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ -4y = -16
Step 3 Substitute the Step 3 Substitute the -3x = -12 y=4
x-value into one of the x-value into one of the x=4 Step 2 Substitute the
original equations to original equations to Step 2 Substitute the y-value into one of the
solve for y. solve for y. x-value into one of the original equations to
y = 3x y=x-1 original equations to solve for x.
y = 3(1) y = (6) - 1 solve for y. -4x - (4) = -16
y=3 y=5 4(4) + 5y = 41 -4x = -12
The solution is the The solution is the 16 + 5y = 41 x=3
ordered pair (1, 3). ordered pair (6, 5). 5y = 25 The solution is the
y=5 ordered pair (3, 4).
The solution is the

 2x - y = 8 ➀  9x - 5y = 13 ➀ x + y ≤ 120
21.  22.  28. 
 x + 2y = 9 ➁  4x - 6y = 2 ➁ 8x + 11.5y < 1200
Step 1 To eliminate x, Step 1 To eliminate y,
COFFEELB

multiply both sides of multiply both sides of
the second equation the first equation by 6
by -2. and both sides of the
-2(x + 2y) = -2(9) ➁ second equation by -5.
Add to eliminate x. 6(9x - 5y) = 6(13) ➀
2x - y = 8➀ -5(4x - 6y) = -5(2) ➁ COFFEELB
-2x - 4y = -18
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ ➁ Add to eliminate y.
-5y = -10 54x - 30y = 78 ➀
y=2 -20x + 30y = -10 ➁ LESSON 3-4
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
Step 2 Substitute the -34x = -68 29. y 30. y
y-value into one of the x=2

solve for x.

?

?
x

x + 2(2) = 9 original equations to
x=5 solve for y.

The solution is the 4(2) - 6y = 2
x
ordered pair (5, 2). -6y = -6
y=1
The solution is the 31. y 32. y

23. Let x represent the amount of pine needles.
x x
Let y represent the amount of lavender.

 1.5x + 4y = 200

 x + y = 80

x + y = 80
x = 80 - y
Substitute ➁ into ➀. x ≥ 0

1.5(80 - y) + 4y = 200 y≥0
33.
120 - 1.5y + 4y = 200 y ≤ 3x + 1
y ≤ - __ + 6
2.5y = 80 3
y = 32  4
x + (32) = 80 Maximize the objective function P = 6x + 10y.
x = 48
The potpourri will contain 48 oz pine needles and x y P = 6x + 10y
32 oz lavender. 0 0 6(0) + 10(0) = 0
0 1 6(0) + 10(1) = 10
LESSON 3-3
_4_ 6 _4_ + 10(5) = 58
24.
y 25.
y 3
5
3()
8 0 6(8) + 10(0) = 48
x x The maximum is 58.

x < 3
34.

y≥0
y < 2x + 1
 y ≤ -x + 4
26. right triangle 27. trapezoid Minimize the objective function P = 14x + 9y.
y y
x y P = 14x + 9y
-_1_ 14(0) + 9 - _1_ = -4.5

( )

0
x 2 2

1 3 14(1) + 9(3) = 41
x 3 1 14(3) + 9(1) = 51

3 0 14(3) + 9(0) = 42
The miminum is -4.5.

x ≥ 0 45. z 46. z

y≥0

35. y
4HININSOLES
6x + 4y ≤ 720
x ≥ 2y y

x
x

4HICKINSOLES
36. P = 8x + 9y 47. Let d be the number of drinks, p be the number of

pizzas, and c be the number of quarts of ice cream.
x ≥ 0
2d + 9p + 4c = 35
37.

y≥0
6x + 4y ≤ 720
x ≥ 2y
LESSON 3-6
Maximize the objective function P = 8x + 9y. x + 3y + 2z = 13 ➀
x y P = 8x + 9y 
48. 2x + 2y - z = 3 ➁
x - 2y + 3z = 6 ➂
0 0 8(0) + 9(0) = 0 Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Multiply equation ➂
90 45 8(90) + 9(45) = 1125 by -1, and eliminate x from equations ➀ and ➂ by
adding.
120 0 8(120) + 9(0) = 960
x + 3y + 2z = 13 ➀
The maximum profit for 1 day is $1125.00. -x + 2y - 3z = -6 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
5y - z = 7 ➃
10 ≤ x ≤ 25 Multiply equation ➀ by 2 and equation ➁ by -1.
38.  Eliminate x by adding.
5 ≤ y ≤ 10
2x + 6y + 4z = 26 ➀
Let x be the number of cell phones with contracts,
-2x - 2y + z = -3 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
and y be the number of cell phones without contracts.
4y + 5z = 23 ➄
Maximize the objective function P = 35x + 5y. 5y - z = 7 ➃

x y P = 35x + 5y 4y + 5z = 23 ➄

10 5 35(10) + 5(5) = 375 Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for
the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➃ by 5,
10 10 35(10) + 5(10) = 400
and eliminate z from equations ➃ and ➄ by adding.
20 10 35(20) + 5(10) = 750 25y - 5z = 35 ➃
25 5 35(25) + 5(5) = 900 4y + 5z = 23 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
29y = 58
25 phones with contracts and 5 phones with no y=2
contracts will maximize profits. Step 3 Use one of the equations in your 2-by-2
system to solve for z.
LESSON 3-5 5y - z = 7 ➃
5(2) - z = 7
39.–42. z
z=3
Step 4 Substitute for y and z in one of the original

y equations to solve for x.
x - 2y + 3z = 6 ➂
x - 2(2) + 3(3) = 6
x x=1

The solution is (1, 2, 3).
43. z 44. z

y y

x

x

x + y + z = 2 ➀

49. 3x + 2y - z = -1 ➁ -x - y + 2z = -3 ➀
3x - y = 4 ➂ 
51. 4x + 4y - 8z = 12 ➁
Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Multiply equation ➀ 2x + y - 3z = -2 ➂
by -3 and eliminate x from equations ➀ and ➁ by Multiply equation ➀ by 2 and eliminate x from
adding. equations ➀ and ➂ by adding.
-3x - 3y - 3z = -6 ➀ -2x - 2y + 4z = -6 ➀
3x + 2y - z = -1 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ 2x + y - 3z = -2 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-y - 4z = -7 ➃ y + z = -8 ➃
Multiply equation ➁ by -1 and eliminate x from Multiply equation ➂ by -2 and eliminate x from
equations ➁ and ➂ by adding. equations ➁ and ➂ by adding.
-3x - 2y + z = 1 ➁ 4x + 4y - 8z = 12 ➁
3x - y =4➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ 4x - 2y + 6z = 4 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-3y + z = 5 ➄ 2y - 2z = 16 ➄
-y - 4z = -7 ➃ y + z = -8
 ➃
-3y + z = 5 ➄ 
 2y - 2z = 16 ➄

Step 2 Eliminate another variable. Then solve for Multiply equation ➃ by 2 and eliminate z from
the remaining variable. Multiply equation ➄ by 4 equations ➃ and ➄.
and eliminate z from equations ➃ and ➄ by adding. 2y + 2z = -16 ➃
-y - 4z = -7 ➃ 2y - 2z = 16 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-12y + 4z = 20 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ 0= 0
-13y = 13 dependent, infinitely many solutions
y = -1

system to solve for z. CHAPTER TEST, PAGE 236
-y - 4z = -7 ➃
x - y = -4
-(-1) - 4z = -7 1. 
-4z = -8 3x - 6y = -12
z=2 y=x+4 y = _1_ x + 2
2
Step 4 Substitute for y and z in one of the original x y x y
0 4 0 2
x+y+z=2➀
x + (-1) + (2) = 2 -4 0 -4 0
x=1 The solution to the
The solution is (1, -1, 2). system is (-4, 0).
x + y + z = -2 ➀ y = x - 1
2. 

50. -x + 2y - 5z = 4 ➁ x + 4y = 6
3x + 3y + 3z = 5 ➂ y=x-1 y = - _1_ x + _3_
4 2
Eliminate x from equations ➀ and ➁ by adding. x y
x + y + z = -2 ➀ x y
-x + 2y - 5z = 4 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
0 -1
0
_3_
3y - 4z = 2 ➃ 2 1 2
Multiply equation ➁ by 3, and eliminate x from The solution to the 2 1
equations ➁ and ➂. system is (2, 1).
-3x + 6y - 15z = 12 ➁
x - y = 3
3x + 3y + 3z = 5 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲ 3. 
9y - 12z = 17 ➄ 2x + 3y = 6
3y - 4z = 2 ➃ y=x-3 y = - _2_ x + 2
 3
9y - 12z = 17 ➄ x y
 x y
Multiply equation ➃ by -3, and eliminate y from 0 -3 0 2
equations ➃ and ➄ by adding.
3 0 3 0
-9y + 12z = -6 ➃
9y - 12z = 17 ➄ The solution to the
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
0 = 11 system is (3, 0).

4. 6y = 9x 5. 12x + 3y = -9 10.
y 11. y
y= x_3_ 3y = -12x - 9
2 y = -4x - 3
8x + 4y = 20 -y - 4x = 3 x x
4y = -8x + 20 y = -4x - 3
y = -2x + 5 dependent; infinitely
independent; one solution many solutions
y = x - 2
6. 3x - 9y = 21 7. 
9y = 3x - 21 x + 5y = 20
Step 1 Solve one
y = _1_ x - _7_
12. x + y ≤ 250
3 3 equation for one 0.09x + 0.24y < 45
6 = x - 3y variable.
The first equation is
3y = x - 6
SOLUTIONM,
y = _1_ x - 2
already solved for y:
3 y = x - 2.
inconsistent; no solution Step 2 Substitute
the expression into

the other equation.
x + 5y = 20
x + 5(x - 2) = 20 SOLUTIONM,
6x - 10 = 20
6x = 30 x ≥ 0
x=5
13.

y≥0
y ≤ 2x + 1
 y ≤ -3x + 6
x-value into one of
the original equations Maximize the objective function P = 5x + 9y.
to solve for y.
x y P = 5x + 9y
y=x-2
y = (5) - 2 0 0 5(0) + 9(0) = 0
y=3 0 1 5(0) + 9(1) = 9
The solution is the
ordered pair (5, 3). 1 3 5(1) + 9(3) = 32
2 0 5(2) + 9(0) = 10
5x - y = 33 x + y = 5
8.  9.  The minimum is 0.
7x + y = 51 2x + 5y = 16
Step 1 Solve one Step 1 Solve one 14.–16. z

equation for one variable. equation for one

5x - y = 33 variable.
y
y = 5x - 33 x+y=5
Step 2 Substitute the y = -x + 5
expression into the Step 2 Substitute x
other equation. the expression into
7x + y = 51 the other equation.
7x + (5x - 33) = 51 2x + 5y = 16 17. Let x be the number of repairs, y be the number of
12x - 33 = 51 2x + 5(-x + 5) = 16 installations, and z be the number of emergencies.
12x = 84 -3x + 25 = 16 50x + 150y + 200z = 1000
x=7 -3x = -9 18. Mon.: 50(2) + 150(2) + 200z = 1000
Step 3 Substitute the x=3 z=3
x-value into one of the Step 3 Substitute the Tues.: 50x + 150(3) + 200(2) = 1000
original equations to x-value into one of z=3
solve for y. the original equations Wed.: 50(1) + 150y + 200(4) = 1000
5x - y = 33 to solve for y. z=1
5(7) - y = 33 x+y=5 Thurs.: 50(4) + 150(4) + 200z = 1000
y=2 (3) + y = 5 z=1
The solution is the y=2
ordered pair (7, 2). The solution is the Day Faucet Sink Emergency
ordered pair (3, 2). Monday 2 2 3
Tuesday 3 3 2
Wednesday 1 1 4
Thursday 4 4 1

x - y + z = -2 ➀

19. 4x - y + 2z = -3 ➁
2x - 3y + 2z = -7 ➂
Step 1 Eliminate one variable. Multiply equation ➂
by -1 and eliminate z from equations ➁ and ➂ by
adding.
-1(2x - 3y + 2z = -7) ➂
Add to eliminate z.
4x - y + 2z = -3 ➁
-2x + 3y - 2z = 7 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
2x + 2y = 4➃
Multiply equation ➀ by 2 and equation ➁ by -1 and
eliminate z by adding.
2x - 2y + 2z = -4 ➀
-4x + y - 2z = 3 ➁
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
-2x - y = -1 ➄
2x + 2y = 4 ➃

-2x - y = -1 ➄

the remaining variable.
2x + 2y = 4 ➃
-2x - y = -1 ➄
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
y= 3
system to solve for x.
2x + 2y = 4 ➃
2x + 2(3) = 4
2x = -2
x = -1
x - y + z = -2 ➀
(-1) - (3) + z = -2
z=2
3x - y - z = -1 ➀

20. x + y + 2z = 8 ➁
6x - 2y - 2z = 5 ➂
Multiply ➀ by -2 and eliminate z from ➀ and ➂.
-6x + 2y + 2z = 2 ➀
6x - 2y - 2z = 5 ➂
̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲̲
0 ≠ -7
inconsistent.

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CHAPTER Solutions Key

83 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

5 0.75 5 0.60 3 2 0 _1_

3LOPES $IFFERENT 3AME 3AME

84 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

85 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

86 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

The truck will have an

infinite number of solutions → any multiple of the

- _1_ but a different y-intercept. For example, 54. 0.25x - y = 2.25

87 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

88 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

89 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

90 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

x = -7 6x - 24 = -6 inconsistent; no solution ___

91 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

92 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

35a. 500 × 0.533 = 266.5 mi y = ___

93 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

94 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

3a. triangle b. trapezoid 4. y > 7x + 16 5. 2y ≤ -2x + 4

95 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

96 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

21. Possible answer: 22. Possible answer:

97 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

98 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

THINK AND DISCUSS 1 6 10(1) + 16(6) = 106

1. Possible answer: Most of the questions are based 7 0 10(7) + 16(0) = 70

99 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

3 8 -21(3) + 11(8) = 25 b. Possible answer: The system of inequalities does

100 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Maximize the objective function P = 2.75x + 3.25y. =8

0 33 2.75(0) + 3.25(33) = 107.25 _1 - 1

101 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

102 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

x + y < 7 0 16 45(0) + 20(16) = 320

x  To produce the maximum income, the salon should

2. x-intercept: x - 4(0) + 2(0) = 4

THINK AND DISCUSS

103 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

PRACTICE AND PROBLEM SOLVING

7. x-int.: 5x - 2(0) - 4(0) = 10 z

104 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

105 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

3-6 SOLVING LINEAR SYSTEMS IN

43. square pyramid 44. triangular prism 

106 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

107 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

108 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

109 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

110 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

111 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

112 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

113 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

114 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

115 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

116 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

117 Holt McDougal Algebra 2

-_1_ 14(0) + 9 - _1_ = -4.5

x To produce the maximum income, the salon should

the expression into