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Open Stax Chapter 5 Text Assignment-1 Kristina Gharibyan

This document contains the answers to 17 questions about human sensory systems and perception. It discusses topics like the difference between absolute and difference thresholds, how different sensory properties correspond to vision and hearing, the process of transduction, locations of sensory receptors, light and dark adaptation, Gestalt principles of organization, depth perception cues, and structures involved in visual and auditory processing.

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Zori Mkhitaryan
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180 views3 pages

Open Stax Chapter 5 Text Assignment-1 Kristina Gharibyan

This document contains the answers to 17 questions about human sensory systems and perception. It discusses topics like the difference between absolute and difference thresholds, how different sensory properties correspond to vision and hearing, the process of transduction, locations of sensory receptors, light and dark adaptation, Gestalt principles of organization, depth perception cues, and structures involved in visual and auditory processing.

Uploaded by

Zori Mkhitaryan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Kristina Gharibyan

Chapter 5 Text Assignment


Please type your name at the top of the document. Please type your answers in Red and save
your completed document on your computer. Then, submit the completed assignment as per the
instructions outlined on Canvas.

1. Explain the difference between absolute threshold and difference threshold.


The absolute threshold is the smallest amount of intensity required to detect a stimulus, whereas
the difference threshold is the smallest amount of intensity difference required to identify a
change.
2. Explain how the differences in wavelength correspond to vision and hearing.
When a specific wavelength of light enters the eye and meets the retina's cones, a chemical
reaction occurs, resulting in an electrical impulse being delivered along nerves to the brain.
3. Explain how the differences in wave amplitude correspond to vision and hearing.
The wavelength of a light wave is often connected with color in the visual system, whereas its
amplitude is associated with brightness. The frequency of a sound is related to its pitch, and its
amplitude is related to its loudness in the auditory system.
4. Explain how the differences in wave range correspond to vision and hearing.
The frequency of a sound is determined by its wavelength. The greater the frequency of sound,
the shorter the wavelength. Hertz is the unit of frequency measurement (Hz). One Hertz equals
one cycle per second (in this case, one sound wave).
5. Describe light adaptation and dark adaptation and provide an example of when each may
occur.
Adaptation to light. We detected a progressive decrease in threshold (increase insensitivity) with
time in the dark with dark adaptation. When it comes to light adaptation, the eye must swiftly
adjust to the backdrop lighting in order to discern things in it.
6. What is the process of transduction?
The process by which a virus transfers DNA from one bacterium to another is known as
transduction.
7. Where are the sensory receptors that correspond to each of the following senses:
 Vision - Sight
 Audition - Hearing
 Gustation - Taste
 Olfaction - Smell
 Touch - Tactile
 Vestibular sense – Movement: the movement and balance sense, which gives us
information about where our head and body are in space. Helps us stay upright when we
sit, stand and walk.
 Kinesthesia - The ability to sense motion of a joint or limb.
8. Where does the body have concentrated receptors and why?
Thermoreceptors can be found throughout the body; however cold receptors are more abundant
than heat receptors. The cheeks and ears have the highest concentration of thermoreceptors
(hence why your nose and ears always get colder faster than the rest of your body on a chilly
winter day).
9. Define perception.
The sensory experience of the world is referred to as perception. It entails both sensing
environmental cues and taking action in response to them. Perception not only shapes our
perception of the world around us, but it also permits us to behave in it.
10. Explain how selection attention, feature detectors, and habituation all play a role in the
selection stage of perception.
All of our senses follow a three-step process: they absorb sensory stimuli, convert it into neural
impulses, and then transport the neural information to our brain. Transduction is the process of
converting one form of energy into another that our brain can use.
11. What are the five Gestalt principles of organization?
Similarity, continuation, closure, proximity, figure/ground, and symmetry & order (also known
as prägnanz) are all fundamental gestalt concepts of visual perception.
12. What are the four perceptual constancies that help organize our perception?
The ability to see objects as stable despite the changing image they cast on our retinas is known
as perceptual constancy. Our ability to perceive familiar things (such as an opening door) as
having the same shape is known as shape constancy.
13. What are binocular cues and how do they contribute to our depth perception?
Binocular cues are visual cues received by both eyes that allow us to perceive depth, or
stereopsis. The fact that each of our eyes sees the world from a slightly different angle is referred
to as retinal disparity, also known as binocular parallax.
14. What are the seven monocular cues?
 relative size
 interposition
 linear perspective
 aerial perspective
 light and shade
 monocular movement parallax.
15. What are reversible figures and how do they help us understand perception?
Ambiguous images or reversible figures are visual shapes that create ambiguity between two or
more distinct image forms by utilizing graphical similarities and other features of visual system
interpretation. These are well-known for causing the multistable perception phenomenon.
16. What is prosopagnosia?
Face blindness, also known as prosopagnosia, is the inability to recognize people's faces. Face
blindness affects many people from birth and is an issue that they will have for the rest of their
lives. It has the potential to have a significant impact on daily life.
17. Know the structures involved in visual and auditory processing, and the corresponding
function of each structure.
The occipital lobe aids in the processing of visual information, such as shape and color
recognition. The temporal lobe aids in the processing of auditory information as well as the
integration of information from other senses.

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