2022-2023 P1 141 SB1 - Reading and Listening Materials

2022-2023 Academic Year
Upper- Intermediate
(CEFR B1+)
Period 1
Classroom Materials
Student Booklet
 Supplementary Reading Materials

 Listening Training Materials
 Supplementary Note-taking and While-Listening Materials
 Lecture Ready 3 Materials
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CONTENTS
UPPER-INTERMEDIATE READING STRAND SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS...............................................3
SUPPLEMENTARY READING 1: TV ADDICTION.................................................................................................3
SUPPLEMENTARY READING 2: ADVERTISING..................................................................................................7
SUPPLEMENTARY READING 3: THE LONG ROAD TO ADULTHOOD.........................................................13
SUPPLEMENTARY READING 4: TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE........................................................20
UPPER INTERMEDIATE LISTENING TRAINING LESSONS................................................................................23
Listening Training Lesson 1.........................................................................................................................................23
UPPER INTERMEDIATE LISTENING AND NOTE-TAKING SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS....................46
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 1: POPULATION.............................................................46
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 2: The 7 Wonders of the World.......................................50
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 3: Body Language.............................................................54
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 4: HANDWRITING & OUR PERSONALITY..............59
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 5: ANIMALS AS LAB TOOLS.......................................60
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 6: TOURISM & ECO-TOURISM...................................62
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 7: GLOBAL WARMING.................................................65
UPPER INTERMEDIATE WHILE LISTENING MATERIALS.................................................................................72
WHILE-LISTENING LESSON 1: SLEEP.................................................................................................................72
WHILE-LISTENING LESSON 2: The Story of Lindy Hingley................................................................................74
WHILE-LISTENING LESSON 3: Hypnosis..............................................................................................................77
WHILE-LISTENING LESSON 4: Bengal Tigers......................................................................................................80
WHILE-LISTENING LESSON 5: Foreign Correspondents.....................................................................................83
UPPER INTERMEDIATE LECTURE READY 3 SUPPLEMENTARY TASKS.......................................................86
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 1: NEW TRENDS IN MARKETING RESEARCH.........................................86
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 2: BUSINESS ETHICS.......................................................................................89
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 3: TRENDS IN MEDIA USE..............................................................................92
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 4: THE CHANGING MUSIC INDUSTRY.......................................................95
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 5: THE PLACEBO EFFECT.............................................................................99
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 6: INTELLIGENT MACHINES......................................................................102
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 7: SIBLING RELATIONSHIPS......................................................................104
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 8: MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES..................................................................107
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 9: THE ART OF GRAFFITI............................................................................110
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LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 10: DESIGN BASICS........................................................................................113
UPPER-INTERMEDIATE READING STRAND SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS

SUPPLEMENTARY READING 1: TV ADDICTION
VOCABULARY 1:
a. Match the words with the definitions in the box below:
1. not accurate or exact a. capture
2. to show or describe something successfully using words or pictures b. undertake
3. the unpleasant feelings that someone gets when they stop taking a drug that c. distraction
they have taken for a long time d. devote
4. something that makes you stop giving your attention to something else e. arise
5. to start to happen f. astonishing
6. very surprising g. withdrawal
7. to use time, energy, etc. for a particular purpose h. stimulate
8. to make something happen or develop more i. alert
9. being quick to notice and react to things around you j. imprecise
10. to start work on something that will take a long time or be difficult
b. Fill in the blanks using the words in the box above. You may need to change the verbs according to
different tenses or subject verb agreement!!!
1. The phone calls were a constant _________________ so the workers could not concentrate on their work.
2. The rubric of the writing task is so _________________ that the students may have difficulty in
understanding the writing question and responding to it properly.
3. It’s pretty ___________________ that so many people believed his story. It just sounds so ridiculous! It’s
clear that he made this story up himself.
4. His book really ________________ the feelings of teenagers since it seems like almost all of them are
impatient to buy and read the book.
5. Max has _________________ the task of restoring the old house. It will be a lot of work for him!
6. She _________________ most of her free time to charity work. That’s why she has no time to go to her
friend’s birthday party this weekend.
7. Doctors can observe some _________________ symptoms in patients after they stop taking strong pain
medication.
8. Jane could not get on well with her parents. The whole problem ______________________
from a lack of communication.
9. Experts say that when you eat red meat, it ___________________ the production of red blood cells.
10. A driver should be _________________ since s/he is open to all the dangers on the road.
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VOCABULARY 2:
a. Match the vocabulary with the definitions in the box below:
1. to take something in gradually or naturally a. depreciate
2. to reduce the amount of something, especially a natural supply b. associate
3. to relate two things, people, etc in your mind c. remain
4. to make something stronger d. derive
5. to continue to be in the same state e. affluent
6. to make something last longer f. reinforce
7. to get or take something from something else g. instinctive
8. having a lot of money h. deplete
9. behaving or reacting naturally and without thinking i. twinge
10. to lose value over a period of time j. absorb
11. a sudden, slight emotion k. prolong
b. Fill in the blanks using the words in the box above. You may need to change the verbs according to
different tenses or subject verb agreement!!!
1. Alcohol _________________ the body’s nutrient supply so people can suffer from the lack of the vitamin
if they drink too much alcohol.
2. While learning a new language, students should work on different kinds of skills since they are related to
each other. For example, practising more vocabulary can __________________ their reading skill since
they understand the text fully.
3. “Vakko” is a very well-known and famous brand in Turkey and its products are also very expensive so
most people _______ this brand with good quality.
4. When the teacher asked who broke the window with a football, I felt a __________________ of guilt since
I was one of the children who were playing football.
5. In the neighbourhood, there are lots of _________________ families. When you look at the houses, it is
very easy to see that the people are wealthy.
6. Playing too many video games ________________ all the energy of children. After playing the games,
they feel so passive and they do not do any activities.
7. Everything is ready for my sister’s wedding ceremony, however, the exact date of
the wedding _________________ a secret, so nobody knows when it is.
8. Technology is improving quickly so new technological devices ____________________
in value very quickly since every 6 months you can see the new model of the devices.
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9. Today people are doing lots of useful things for their health such as being careful with their diet since they
believe that eating a good diet can ___________________ your life.
10. I really love nature so I ______ great pleasure from gardening.
11. When the man touched her shoulder, her _________________ response was to fight back. Later, she could
not understand why she reacted like that.
Read the text and answer the following questions.
Television addiction is no mere metaphor
A The term "TV addiction" is imprecise, but it captures the essence of a very real phenomenon.
Psychologists formally define addiction as a disorder characterized by criteria that include spending a great deal
of time using the thing; using it more often than one intends; thinking about reducing use or making repeated
unsuccessful efforts to reduce use; giving up important activities to use it; and reporting withdrawal symptoms
when one stops using it.
B All these criteria can apply to people who watch a lot of television. That does not mean that watching
television, in itself, is problematic. Television can teach and amuse; it can be highly artistic; it can provide
much needed distraction and escape. The difficulty arises when people strongly sense that they ought not to
watch as much as they do and yet find they are unable to reduce their viewing. Some knowledge of how
television becomes so addictive may help heavy viewers gain better control over their lives.
C The amount of time people spend watching television is astonishing. On average, individuals in the
industrialized world devote three hours a day to the activity – fully half of their leisure time, and more than on
any single activity except work and sleep. At this rate, someone who lives to 75 would spend nine years in front
of the television. Possibly, this devotion means simply that people enjoy TV and make a conscious decision to
watch it. But if that is the whole story, why do so many people worry about how much they view? In surveys in
1992 and 1999, two out of five adults and seven out of ten teenagers said they spent too much time watching
TV. Other surveys have consistently shown that roughly ten per cent of adults call themselves TV addicts.
D To study people’s reactions to TV, researchers have undertaken laboratory experiments in which they
have monitored the brain waves, skin resistance or heart rate of people watching television. To study behaviour
and emotion in the normal course of life, as opposed to the artificial conditions of the laboratory, we have used
the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) explains the research team. "Participants carried a beeper*, and we
signalled them six to eight times a day, at random, over the period of a week; whenever they heard the beep,
they wrote down what they were doing and how they were feeling".
E As one might expect, people who were watching TV when we beeped them reported feeling relaxed and
passive. The EEG studies similarly show less mental stimulation, as measured by alpha brain-wave production,
during viewing than during reading.
F What is more surprising is that the sense of relaxation ends when the set is turned off, but the feelings of
passivity and lowered alertness continue. Survey participants commonly reflect that television has somehow
absorbed or sucked out their energy, leaving them depleted. They say they have more difficulty concentrating
after viewing than before. In contrast, they rarely indicate such difficulty after reading. After playing sports or
engaging in hobbies, people report improvements in mood. After watching TV, people's moods are about the
same or worse than before.
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G Within moments of sitting or lying down and pushing the "power" button, viewers report feeling more
relaxed. Because the relaxation occurs quickly, people are conditioned to associate viewing with rest and lack of
tension. The association is positively reinforced because viewers remain relaxed throughout viewing.
H Thus, the irony of TV: people watch a great deal longer than they plan to, even though prolonged
viewing is less rewarding. In our ESM studies the longer people sat in front of the set, the less satisfaction they
said they derived from it. When signalled, heavy viewers (those who consistently watch more than four hours a
day) tended to report on their ESM sheets that they enjoy TV less than light viewers did (less than two hours a
day). For some, a twinge of unease or guilt that they aren't doing something more productive may also
accompany and depreciate the enjoyment of prolonged viewing. Researchers in Japan, the U.K. and the U.S.
have found that this guilt occurs much more among middle-class viewers than among less affluent ones.
Retrieved from http://topmarksenglish.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Reading-July-13.pdf in 2015
QUESTIONS:
1. Name two benefits of watching TV.

_______________________________ _______________________________
2. According to surveys in 1992 and 1999, which group of people is more aware that they spend too time
watching TV?
_____________________________________________________________
3. What are at least TWO of the bodily functions that laboratory experiments aim to analyse?
_________________________________ _______________________________
4. Which feeling ends when we turn off TV?

a. relaxation
b. passivity
c. lowered alertness
d. comfort
5. What kind of reactions do survey participants NOT experience after turning off TV?
a. An decrease in energy
b. A feeling of being depleted
c. Difficulty in concentrating
d. Improvements in the mood
6. What is the main idea in Paragraph F?

a. People feel more relaxed while watching TV.
b. Prolonged viewing counteracts any positive benefits.
c. Reading can help people improve their mood.
d. People should do sports to enjoy themselves more.
7. What do viewers associate viewing TV with?

_____________________________________________________
8. How do people feel after prolonged viewing?
a. rewarded
b. enjoyed
c. less satisfied
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d. unconscious
9. According to paragraph H, why do some people feel guilty after watching TV?
______________________________________________________________
10. Who is the intended audience in the text?

a. teenagers
b. scientists
c. adults
d. all people
11. What is the writer’s aim in writing the text?

a. to raise awareness about some possible negative effects of watching too much TV
b. to give information about the changes in our body while watching TV
c. to help people take some precautions about their watching too much TV
d. to inform people about the experiments and surveys done about watching too much TV
12. What does “them” refer to in paragraph F, line 4? ___________________________
13. What does “its” refer to in paragraph I, line 6? ____________________________
SUPPLEMENTARY READING 2: ADVERTISING
PRE- READING: Discuss the following questions with a partner.
1. What makes an advertisement effective and successful? You may consider the following:
 Use of celebrities
 Sense of humor
 Catchy jingle
 Memorable slogans
2. Watch the following Coca-Cola commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdPXQLrueRg

What do you like/dislike about it? Do you think it’s effective?
3. Is there an advertisement on TV or radio that you like? Why do you like it?
4. How do advertisements affect people? Write down at least 3 negative and 3 positive effects of ads on
society.
Positive Effects Negative Effects
1. 1.
2. 2.
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3. 3.
WHILE-READING
ADVERTISING
1. Since ancient times, advertising has always played an important role in society. It is also important to our
modern society because it informs the public of the basic goods and services that are available on the market.
The main goal of advertising is to make people buy a product or service.
2. To understand the importance of advertising, we need to look at its early beginnings and follow its
development into the multibillion-dollar industry that it is today. One of the first advertisements in Britain
comes from the 15th century when William Caxton printed out an advertisement for a book. However,
advertising goes back far beyond Caxton’s days. It almost certainly developed together with trade when goods
were sold in markets to attract customers to come and buy. Examples of some of the earliest forms of
advertising have been found in places such as Pompeii, Italy. Actual advertisements were discovered
undamaged in the volcanic ash among the ruins of this city. Other ancient advertisements are kept in museums
and one of the earliest can be seen in the British Museum in London. This is an Egyptian one, which is believed
to be about 3,000 years old and gives information about a runaway slave and offers a reward for his return.
3. However, it was the invention of the printing press in the 15th century which brought the start of the
advertising revolution. Almost as soon as printing started, this new technology was used for advertising. The
earliest printed advertisements were simple announcements and brochures, which were put inside books. These
brochures included a description of the services or products on offer. Because they were quite expensive to
produce, these advertisements could only be used by a few wealthy businesses. However, they still had a lot of
advantages as the message could be spread to a large number of people.
4. Modern advertising as we know it today really began towards the end of the 19th century, when the first
advertising agencies appeared. There was a need for advertising because new methods of manufacturing had led
to an increased number of products for sale. Advertising developed as a response to this increasingly crowded
marketplace. Manufacturers realized that they had to advertise their products to survive in an increasingly
competitive world. In the United States, before the 1800s, the most widely advertised consumer products had
been medical products – whose producers made the most exaggerated and often dishonest claims about the
potential benefits of their medicines. However, after the 1800s, as more businesses came onto the market,
producers realized that if they wanted to keep customers, they could not use advertisements which gave false
information about their products.
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5. At the beginning of the 20th century, advertising continued to develop very rapidly, using the new mass
media, such as the cinema, and to a much greater extent, the radio, to advertise products. In the 1950s came
television, and through this medium, advertisers could show their products and use well known faces to promote
them. This was a big business and advertisers in the US were soon spending over a billion dollars a year on
television advertisements and the famous people who appeared in them. For the first time, advertisers were now
able to go right into the American home and create the idea that people could have a better life simply by
buying things.
6. As advertising becomes even more sophisticated and influential in our lives, there is a growing ethical
concern. Sociologists have complained that advertising is responsible for promoting a very materialistic
approach to the world. Advertising negatively affects children who are too young to tell the difference between
reality and an advertisement. Therefore, it can cause problems for parents, particularly those from low-income
families. A lot of advertisements are directed at children. These advertisements apparently try to affect young
children so that they will put pressure on their parents to buy products that their parents really cannot afford.
7. It is now generally accepted that advertising is a powerful force that influences many of the choices we make
in our daily lives. Advertising gives the impression that buying lots of things can lead to happiness and
fulfillment. Advertisers, however, say that advertising simply reflects the attitudes and values of the culture.
However, like the media in general, advertising presents a false image and it actually helps to shape and control
the reality it reflects.
8. Most advertising companies today are aware of the greater social responsibilities that they have to have.
Systems are needed to support and encourage responsible advertising and prevent irresponsible advertising.
Ethical codes are one source of support. These codes say that advertisements must not contain inaccurate or
false information and that they must not unfairly attack other products. In addition, they must not suggest that
they have scientific evidence to prove the usefulness of their product unless this evidence exists. Finally,
advertising which is directed at children must not take advantage of their lack of experience and must not
present information that might harm them physically or emotionally. These codes already exist in many
countries worldwide, and a good example of this is the Canadian code of advertising standards that was first
published in 1963. This code effectively explains the standards for acceptable advertising and is used in dealing
with customer complaints.
PART 1: Comprehension Questions
1 Which of the following best reflects the main focus of paragraph 2?

A The destruction of early advertisements in volcanic ash
B The influence of the Egyptians in advertisements
C The different purposes advertisements have served
D The length of time that advertising has existed
E The role of William Caxton in developing advertising
2 Early advertising through simple announcements and brochures was only used by a few businesses
because…
A the majority of people were not interested in advertisements.
B very few businesses could afford to print advertisements.
C the advertisements did not meet the needs of businesses.
D very few books were available to put the advertisements in.
E the majority of customers could not read the advertisements
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3 According to paragraph 4, at the end of the 19th century the number of products on the market had
greatly increased because...
A new methods of advertising were being developed.
B manufacturers began to understand how to promote products.
C customers wanted to have a bigger choice in the market place.
D manufacturers were becoming much more competitive.
E new methods of producing goods were being discovered.
4 According to paragraph 4, in contrast to advertising before the 1800s, later advertising was more...
A attractive.
B productive.
C truthful.
D convincing.
E creative.
5 According to paragraph 5, what did advertisers use in TV advertisements to encourage consumers to buy
their products?
A American Homes
B Famous People
C Beautiful Faces
D Film music
E Real Consumers
6 We can infer from paragraph 6 that…
A children in poor families are not the main target of advertising.
B advertisements can create problems in families with children.
C advertising is not responsible for the problems in society today.
D parents spend a lot of money buying children what they want.
E advertisers are unaware of the problems advertisements create.
7 In paragraph 7, the main criticism of advertising is that it...

A reflects the values of the people who make them.
B has become too powerful a force for people to understand.
C impresses people with the techniques that it uses.
D provides people with too many choices in their daily life.
E persuades people that buying things creates happiness.
8 According to paragraph 8, ethical codes are necessary in order to...

A support and promote the advertisement of good quality products.
B reduce the number of complaints people make about advertisements
C make sure that the information in the advertisements is accurate.
D protect scientists from having their research used in advertisements
E convince the public that advertising is honest and fair.
9 What is the writer’s attitude towards the “Canadian code of advertising standards”?
A Uncertain
B Supportive
C Questioning
D Curious
E Hopeful
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PART 2: SUMMARY TASK
1. Match the following headings with the paragraphs. This will help you identify the main ideas of each
paragraph, which you will need to include in your summary.
Heading Paragraph
A. ADVANCEMENTS AND EFFECTS OF NEW MASS MEDIA

B. EARLIEST ADS
C. ETHICAL CODES TO FOLLOW FOR RESPONSIBLE ADVERTISING
D. GOAL OF ADVERTISING
E. NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ADVERTISING ON CHILDREN
F. IMPACT OF PRINTING PRESS ON ADVERTISING
G. HOW ADVERTISING DISTORTS THE REALITY
H. START OF MODERN ADVERSITING IN RESPONSE TO MASS PRODUCTION
2. With a partner, practice identifying which sentences are necessary to support the main ideas of the
text and therefore need to be included in your summary writing.
*Remember we do not include minor details and examples in a summary writing.
Paragraph Two:
a. “To understand the importance of advertising, we need to look at its early beginnings and follow its
development into the multibillion-dollar industry that it is today.”
b. “One of the first advertisements in Britain comes from the 15th century when William Caxton printed out an
advertisement for a book. However, advertising goes back far beyond Caxton’s days.”
c. “Other ancient advertisements are kept in museums and one of the earliest can be seen in the British
Museum in London. This is an Egyptian one, which is believed to be about 3,000 years old and gives
information about a runaway slave and offers a reward for his return.”
Paragraph Three:
a. “The earliest printed advertisements were simple announcements and brochures, which were put inside
books.”
b. “Because they were quite expensive to produce, these advertisements could only be used by a few wealthy
businesses.”
c. “However, it was the invention of the printing press in the 15th century which brought the start of the
advertising revolution.”
Paragraph Four:
a. “In the United States, before the 1800s, the most widely advertised consumer products had been medical
products – whose producers made the most exaggerated and often dishonest claims about the potential
benefits of their medicines.”
b. “However, after the 1800s, as more businesses came onto the market, producers realized that if they wanted
to keep customers, they could not use advertisements which gave false information about their products”
c. “There was a need for advertising because new methods of manufacturing had led to an increased number
of products for sale. Advertising developed as a response to this increasingly crowded marketplace.”
Paragraph Six:
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a. “Advertising negatively affects children who are too young to tell the difference between reality and an
advertisement”
b. “It can cause problems for parents, particularly those from low-income families.”
c. “Sociologists have complained that advertising is responsible for promoting a very materialistic approach
to the world”
Paragraph Eight:
a. “Systems are needed to support and encourage responsible advertising and prevent irresponsible
advertising.”
b. “Advertisements must not suggest that they have scientific evidence to prove the usefulness of their product
unless this evidence exists.”
c. “These codes already exist in many countries worldwide, and a good example of this is the Canadian code
of advertising standards that was first published in 1963.”
3. After identifying main ideas and supporting information of a text, the sentences need to be paraphrased.
There are several strategies you can use when paraphrasing a text:
1. Use synonyms and antonyms for key words (nouns, verbs and adjectives, etc.)
2. Change the word formation of key words (verb to noun, etc.)
3. Change or include different grammatical structures (active to passive, using noun clauses, if clauses,
etc.)
4. Break up sentences or combine them using referencing, linkers, etc.
For example, can you identify what strategies are used to paraphrase the below sentence?
Original Sentence: “There was a need for advertising because new methods of manufacturing had led to an
increased number of products for sale. Advertising developed as a response to this increasingly crowded
marketplace.”
Paraphrasing: With the increasing variety of goods being sold, advertisements developed as a necessary means
to sell products.
Let’s practice strategy 1 & 2. Identify the Key Words in the below statements.
Sentence Key Words

“Since ancient times, advertising has always played an Ancient times// important role//
important role in society.” advertisements
“However, it was the invention of the printing press in the 15th a.
century which brought the start of the advertising revolution.”
“Advertising negatively affects children who are too young to b.
tell the difference between reality and an advertisement”
“Advertisements must not suggest that they have scientific c.
evidence to prove the usefulness of their product unless this
evidence exists.”
Combine the Key Words to make your paraphrased sentences.
Example: Historically, advertisements have played a significant role in our world.

(ancient times-historically// important role-significant role) (advertising-advertisements)
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a. ___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Now you try! Working with a partner, take the answers from exercise two and paraphrase them below.
Par. 2
Par. 3
Par. 6
Par. 8
IV. Now you can begin to write your paragraph. Remember to start your summary with the authors
name and the title of the text (if it is available).
For example: In the article "Why Two Best Friends Doesn't Work", author Cassandra Grimes argues that
most teenage girls can't get along in groups of more than two.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Use this checklist to self-evaluate your summary writing.

□ Include information about the author and the text (when relevant)
□ Do not copy the original text
□ Make the summary approximately 1/3 of the original text
□ Avoid making comments about or adding information about the text
□ Include level appropriate linkers throughout the text in order to combine the main ideas
SUPPLEMENTARY READING 3: THE LONG ROAD TO ADULTHOOD
Exercise 1: Discuss the following questions in small groups.
1. In your country, at what age are people considered adults?

2. When you become an adult, what responsibilities do you take on?
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3. What is the average age for doing the following things? (Compare now and when your parents were
your age)
Lifestyle Changes Now Past
Getting married
Moving out of your parent’s

house
Finishing education
Starting a career
Having children
4. Relating to these current lifestyles (listed in the table), how and why do you think they have changed
compared to the past?
Exercise 2: Match the key words with the definitions in the table below.
1. eligible (adj) a. To appear by coming out of something or out from behind something
2. circumstances b. To explain the reason for something or the cause of something.
(n) c. Having the qualities needed or meeting specific conditions.
3. established (adj) d. Events that change your life, over which you have no control.
4. emerge (v) e. To think or believe something will happen.
5. rooted in (v) f. Sth you provide to help achieve sth with others / to help make sth
6. account for (v) successful.
7. expect (v) g. Not easy to find or get.
8. reserved (adj) h. A feeling of not wanting to talk, show feelings or thoughts about
9. scarce (adj) something.
10. contribution (n) i. To have developed from something.
j. To be in a successful position over a long period of time.
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences using the words from the box below. You do not need to change the form.
rooted in eligible emerging circumstances contributions
expectations reserved account for establish scarce
1. Showing respect to older people is deeply _______________ all cultures around the world.
2. Each year, more and more issues are ______________ in relation to global warming.
3. Many big companies make _______________ to charities.
4. In order to pass the course, you must be _____________ to sit the exam, which means you must get 60
points.
5. Due to unforeseen ______________, the football match had to be cancelled.
6. English people have a reputation (meaning they are known) for being very _____________.
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7. More pressure from parents may _______________ young people being demotivated in school.
8. She had three years in which to _______________ herself at the new company before she could be
accepted for a higher position and higher salary.
9. All over the country, land has become _____________ and house prices have risen sharply.
10. Most parents have very high _____________ for their children; they only want the best for them.
Exercise 4: Read the text below and answer the questions that follow.
The Long Road to Adulthood
1. Baby boomers have long been considered the generation that did not want to grow up and their adolescent years
are continuing even after they become eligible for Social Security. Recently however, a growing body of
research shows that the “Peter Pans” are not the baby boomers, but the generations that have followed. For
many young people these days, their independence no longer begins at 21 and this is due to either their own
personal choices or the circumstances that they are facing. From Barack Obama’s administration who ruled
that children up to the age of 26 can remain on their parents’ health insurance to the large increase in the
number of women older than 35 who have become first-time mothers, social scientists say that young adulthood
has undergone a profound shift.
2. People between 20 and 34 are taking longer to finish their education, establish themselves in careers, marry,
have children and become financially independent, said Mr. Frank Furstenberg, who leads the MacAthur
Foundation Research Network on Transitions to Adulthood, and is a part of a team of scholars who have been
studying this transformation. “A new period of life is emerging in which young people are no longer
adolescents but not yet adults,” Mr. Furstenberg, the head of the team, said. Therefore, this stage in their life
can be a very difficult and confusing time for them. National surveys reveal that an overwhelming majority of
Americans, including younger adults, agree that between 20 and 22, people should be finished with school,
working and living on their own. But in practice many people in their 20s and early 30s have not yet reached
these traditional milestones. Additionally, marriage and parenthood – once seen as prerequisites of adulthood –
are now viewed more as lifestyle choices, according to a new report released by Princeton University and the
Brookings Institution.
3. The long road to independence is rooted in social and economic shifts that started in the 1970s. Economic
shifts, including a change from manufacturing to a service-based economy, meant that companies were sending
many more people to college and social shifts, such as the women’s movement, opened up more educational
and professional opportunities. Evidence of this is that women now account for more than half of college
students and nearly half of the work force which in turn has delayed motherhood and marriage. To give an
example of these shifts, Dr. Dora Hughes, 39, married last year and is pregnant with her first child. Dr. Hughes,
who works for the Department of Health and Human Services in Washington, said she did not finish her
education until she was 30, and so had always expected to marry later on in life. Most of her friends from
college waited until their late 20s or 30s to marry as well. Furthermore she said, “My parents got married when
they were 24, and my mother always said she thought marriage was hard work and thought it was better for
women to wait until their 30s.” She believes that this has had an influence on her since her mother always
encouraged her to get an education and have a career. For the first time, statistics show that 54 percent of
15
mothers have a college education which is up from 41 percent in 1990. “That is a huge change,” said Andrew
Cherlin, a professor of sociology and public policy at Johns Hopkins University.
Percentage (%) of Births

Figure 1: Median age of Figure 2: Births of
Marriage Unmarried Parents
30 50
28 Males 40
Age of Marriage
26 Females 30
24 20
22 10
20 0
1980 2010 1990 2010
4. The median age for a first marriage was 23 in 1980; now it is 27 for men and 26 for women, the highest on
record (see figure 1). For many, marriage has disappeared as a definition of traditional adulthood, as more and
more young people live together. Today 40 percent of births are to unmarried parents, an increase from 28
percent in 1990 (see figure 2). A recent report by the Pew Research Center found that in the past two decades,
there has been a surprisingly broad trend towards delaying motherhood that can be seen across all races, ethnic
groups and income groups. “I was shocked by the fact that it increased in all ethnic groups,” said D’Vera Cohn,
a co-author of the report, adding that it was evidence of the strength and breadth of this transformation in the
life cycles of Americans. At the same time, more women are remaining childless, either by choice or due to
circumstance. This means that they are choosing not to have children for a number of reasons. Twenty percent
of women in their 40s do not have children, Mr. Furstenberg said, pointing out that “not having children would
have been seen as bizarre or tragic in the 1950s; now it’s a lifestyle choice.”
5. Laura Tisdel, 28, who grew up in Detroit, said, “I thought that I would either get married in college or right
after and basically be a smart mother.” Instead Ms. Tisdel ended up getting a job offer in publishing in New
York City. She said she came close to marrying when she was 23, but then realized, “I was not ready to get
married to this guy – not even to get married at all.” She recently got engaged. Her grandparents are very happy
about this as they thought she would never get married! However, her New York friends think she is still too
young to be marrying. Her parents, 53-year-old baby boomers who met at 14 and married at 21, told her not to
be in a rush to get married. “The longer I waited to get married, the more reserved I became about it,” she said.
She and her fiancé want children, but feel they are not yet ready. “We’re both nervous about what would be
lost,” she said.
6. Longer schooling has meant that children have to rely on financial support from their parents. Adults between
18 and 34 received an average of $38,000 in cash and two years’ worth of full-time labor from their parents, or
about 10 percent of their income, according to the MacArthur network. Figures on how much parents spent 20
or 30 years ago are scarce, but Mr. Furstenberg said new research that he and a colleague, Sabino Kornrich, are
working on shows that “prior to the 1990s, parents appeared to invest most in the teen years. In the late 1990s,
however, parents’ spending patterns began to shift and so this investment was greatest either in their child’s
younger years or in their child’s mid-20s.” Not surprisingly, due to this shift, more people in their 20s are also
16
still living with their parents. About one-fourth of 25-year-old white males lived at home in 2007 compared
with one-fifth in 2000 and less than one-eighth in 1970.
7. Research argues that the large contributions from parents not only put a strain on already stressed middle-class
and poor families, but could also affect institutions that have traditionally supported young adults in this period
of their lives, like nonresidential and community colleges and national service programs. “We have not
developed and strengthened institutions to serve today’s young adults,” Mr. Furstenberg said, “because we’re
still living with the old-fashioned idea that people enter adulthood in their late teens or early 20s.”
Text adapted https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/13/us/13generations.html?_r=1 and Tasks created in July 2019, by H.S.
Exercise 5: Match the main ideas below to four of the paragraphs in the reading text. Write the number of the
paragraph on the blank line.
_____ A. More women are waiting longer to get married as they put their careers first.
_____ B. For a number of reasons, adulthood is unpredictable for young people these days.
_____ C. Staying in education longer has made young people more dependent on their parents.
_____ D. Young people face many difficulties reaching traditional adulthood.
_____ E. Motherhood is no longer at the forefront of women’s lives.
Exercise 6: Answer the questions below using the reading text to help you.
1. In paragraph 2, what does ‘this’ refer to?
2. Choose a synonym for the word ‘milestones’ (paragraph 2).
a. Maturity
b. Stages
c. Criteria
d. Adulthood
3. What has been the overall result of both social and economic shifts explained in paragraph 3?
a. Women are being employed more than ever before.
b. These shifts have created more independent employees.
c. The women’s movement has affected both men and women.
d. The age for getting married and having children has increased.
4. Why did Dr. Dora Hughes not get married until later in her life?
5. Which statement is true according to the charts (figure 1 and figure 2)?
a. There is a correlation between the age of marriage and the age of having children.
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b. Delaying marriage and having children before marriage shows that young people are
irresponsible.
c. As marriage is being delayed, the number of births to unmarried parents is increasing.
d. The tradition of marriage is becoming less important than having children.
6. Which one of the following statements would Mr. Furstenburg agree with?
a. Having children is no longer a part of traditional adulthood.
b. Many people think women who do not have children are crazy.
c. Having children is still very important for women these days.
d. Women cannot have children because of their lifestyle.
7. What can be inferred from Laura Tisdel and her fiancé’s worries about having children?
a. They are worried about losing their jobs.
b. They are worried about their marriage.
c. They are worried about their parents’ thoughts.
d. They are worried about losing their independence.
8. What is the reason for more young people still living with their parents?
a. They are spending more time in education.
b. Because daily living is too expensive.
c. They do not want to leave their parents.
d. They do not want to be independent.
9. What is Mr. Furstenberg’s attitude towards what is being done to help young people?
a. Sensitive
b. Positive
c. Frustrated
d. Neutral
Exercise 5: Summary writing task

The chart below shows findings on the number and age of women when enrolling in higher education over a 20-
year period. A summary has been added explaining the general trends of the findings and the possible
implications of these.
18
Overall, the chart shows that education is common amongst younger ages and decreases as women get older.
This could be due to women entering education after high school and then afterwards starting their work life or
family life therein having no need to return to education. Another trend is that over the 20-year period, the
number of women enrolling in education has increased steadily which shows that education has become more
important for women. Interestingly, the 35 and over age range is as high as the 19 and under age range which
may suggest that as women get older, especially those who perhaps do not have an education, are deciding to
return to education. This could be due to current women’s movement and different types of institutions
becoming available for education, such as distance learning, which makes studying a lot easier. Considering
these findings, the trend will continue and more women will continue to enroll into higher education.
Figure taken from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2000/projections/Figure33.asp
The charts below show findings on the differences in education and marriage in Turkey over a span of 10 years.
Using the sample above to help you, write a summary about how these two factors are affecting each other and
how you think these factors will continue to affect each other over the next 10 years.
Chart 1: Average age of marriage in Chart 2: Number of males and females enrolling in
higher education in Turkey.
Turkey
Age Year of data Males Females
Year of data Male Females 25-29 2008 361,051 344,042
s 2018 1,051,613 1,137,173
2008 28 24
2018 30 26
Data taken from Turkish Statistics Institute

19
SUPPLEMENTARY READING 4: TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

In a world that relies so heavily on technology and modern science every day, many people have begun to take
a step back. More and more, people are questioning the benefits of Western medication and treatments. In an
attempt to return to a more natural, holistic1 form of treatment for disease and ailments, many people are turning
to TCM, or traditional Chinese medicine.
What is TCM?
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient medical system that takes a deep understanding of the laws
and patterns of nature and applies them to the human body. Many people mistakenly derive their understanding
of TCM from acupuncture2. However, acupuncture is only one form of treatment in the comprehensive world
practice of TCM. Acupuncture, acupressure (similar to acupuncture but done with pressure instead of needles),
qigong (a unique form of stretching and breathing techniques), herbal medicine, Chinese psychology, mental
health therapy, and special healing foods are all considered important forms of treatment in traditional Chinese
medicine.
Traditional Chinese medicine is a complete medical system. TCM takes the position that to cure ourselves of
illness, we need to find the root of the problem. In other words, if we only treat the symptom, as is often the
case in Western medicine, the problem will usually keep recurring.
At the core of traditional Chinese medicine is the concept that the body has the power to cure itself if the proper
techniques are utilized. This belief is based on the fundamental idea that everything in the universe is made of
energy, and that this energy must flow freely throughout our bodies.
The Concepts of TCM

Traditional Chinese medicine has been around for some 3,000 years. No other system of medicine rivals it in
antiquity besides India’s Ayurveda. In TCM, it is thought that everything in the universe, including our health,
is connected, and thus, our physical bodies are both a part of, and connected to, nature. As such, TCM
incorporates the Chinese concept of the five elements of nature (wood, fire, earth, metal, and water) and the
concept of yin-yang (the idea that opposites are connected to and depend on each other). The ancient Chinese
observed nature’s own cycles and changes to develop the concepts that would eventually become the basis for
TCM.
Though practiced in China for thousands of years, the conceptual basis of traditional Chinese medicine is often
difficult and even mysterious for many Westerners to accept. Compounding this, of course, is the fact that
when Western culture refers to traditional Chinese medicine, it is often only referring to the practice of
acupuncture. However, as mentioned previously, TCM includes far more than acupuncture, and in fact,
acupuncture is only a small aspect of TCM. TCM is extremely complex, and a fully trained doctor will be
skilled in far more than acupuncture.
Treatments and Benefits

In traditional Chinese medicine, each person may be treated differently for similar problems. Treatment is
personalized. Unlike the Western approach to diagnosing and treating illness, TCM focuses more on the pattern
of the symptoms involved, not just what the individual symptoms are. TCM looks at the whole person and
1
holistic looking at the whole, not just the parts that make up the whole
2
acupuncture treatment done by inserting needles into special points on the body to repair the flow of energy between these points
20
what's happening in his/her whole life. In treating the body, TCM practitioners focus on harmonizing the entire
body.
Traditional Chinese medicine is reported to offer a wide variety of benefits. Reputed to have the ability to
improve general health, TCM is usually less costly than Western medicine, and is not dependent on
pharmaceutical3 products, which often cause side effects and may even require the use of additional
medications.
1. The word symptom in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. indicator of a problem.
B. cause of a problem.
C. ingredient of a problem.
D. misfortune of a problem.
2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2?

A. TCM is the only natural form of medicine currently practiced in the world.
B. TCM is the only form of medicine that uses special healing foods in its practice.
C. TCM is only one of a variety of effective forms of treatments in the world.
D. If TCM is equated only with acupuncture, its effectiveness cannot be fully appreciated.
3. The word antiquity in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. importance.
B. oldness.
C. seriousness.
D. credibility.
4. All of the statements about traditional Chinese medicine are supported by the reading EXCEPT
A. It has been developed and practiced for 3,000 years.
B. It carries the idea that everything in the universe and nature are connected.
C. It has been widely accepted as an effective system in the West.
D. Treating only the symptoms of an illness may not prevent it from recurring.
5. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5?

A. Traditional Chinese medicine is connected to Ayurveda.
B. Ayurveda is another ancient medical system.
C. Traditional Chinese medicine uses only natural medicines.
D. The concept of yin-yang was invented for traditional Chinese medicine.
6. Each of the following things is true about traditional Chinese medicine EXCEPT
A. it looks at the root of the problem, rather than just its symptoms.
B. it believes the body can heal itself, if given the correct treatment.
C. it looks at the whole person, not just the affected area.
D. it requires more energy to deliver treatments than other types of practices do.
7. The word compounding in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. striking.
B. differing.
C. expecting.
D. complicating.
3
pharmaceutical created for use as a medicinal drug
21
8. In paragraph 6 line 30, it refers to
A. the traditional basis.
B. traditional Chinese medicine.
C. Western culture.
D. acupuncture.
9. The word harmonizing in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. balancing.
B. disputing.
C. agreeing.
D. conflicting.
10. Circle the statements below which can be inferred from paragraph 7?
A. People who believe in TCM do not seek help from Western medicine.
B. Western medicine does not offer personalized treatments.
C. TCM is more interested in individual symptoms than in patterns of symptoms.
D. Even if people have the same symptoms, they may get different treatments.
11. All of the following are mentioned as benefits of traditional Chinese medicine EXCEPT
A. it is not dependent on Western pharmaceutical products.
B. its treatments do not deliver any side effects.
C. it often costs less than Western medicine.
D. it can improve general health.
12. Which of the following statements is probably closest to the author’s beliefs?
A. TCM is an effective medical system, though it is not given enough credit in the West.
B. TCM is not as popular in the West because it does not make use of pharmaceutical products.
C. Acupuncture is the most effective part of TCM, and that’s why it is the most widely known.
D. Western medicine is more effective than TCM when it focuses on treating the symptoms.
13. The author’s purpose in writing this article is primarily to

A. introduce the philosophy and practice of traditional Chinese medicine.
B. explain why many people are abandoning Western medicine.
C. describe how a person becomes certified in traditional Chinese medicine.
D. point out how the body is connected to nature and the universe.
14. Look at the four squares (labeled A–D) that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the
paragraph.
“In fact, they must receive extensive training in acupressure, qigong, herbal medicine, and other
treatments as well.”
Though practiced in China for thousands of years, the conceptual basis of traditional Chinese medicine is often
difficult and even mysterious for many Westerners to accept. [A] Compounding this, of course, is the fact that
when Western culture refers to traditional Chinese medicine, it is often only referring to the practice of
acupuncture. [B] However, as mentioned previously, TCM includes far more than acupuncture, and in fact,
acupuncture is only a small aspect of TCM. [C] TCM is extremely complex, and a fully trained doctor will be
skilled in far more than acupuncture. [D]
Where would the sentence best fit?

A. Position [A]
B. Position [B]
22
C. Position [C]
D. Position [D]
15. Directions: An introductory sentence for a short summary of the reading passage is provided below. Choose
the THREE sentences that contain the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the
summary because they give information that is not in the passage, or are only minor ideas in the passage.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient medical system that draws its practices from
observations of nature and a holistic view of health and healing. _
_
_
_
Answer Choices:
1. Practitioners of TCM claim that its roots are even older than that of Ayurveda, an ancient system of
healing in India.
2. TCM is a comprehensive medical system which includes a variety of practices, including acupuncture,
acupressure, qigong, herbal medicine, and special healing foods, among others.
3. TCM is gaining popularity in the West in the form of acupuncture treatments.
4. TCM treats the root of an illness, rather than just individual symptoms, and treatment may be
personalized for each individual patient.
5. People receiving TCM treatments are usually free from the kind of side effects that sometimes
accompany Western pharmaceutical products.
6. TCM carries the belief that the body has the power to heal itself if it is given the proper type of
treatment.
16. Paraphrase these sentences to write your own short summary of the text on a separate piece of paper.
Use this checklist to self-evaluate your summary writing.
 Include information about the author and the text (when relevant)
 Write in your own words by paraphrasing
o use referencing words to avoid repetition
o change the part of speech of some of the key words (verb to noun, etc.)
o change the sentence structure (from active to passive voice, etc.)
o break the information into separate sentences
o use structures giving credit to the source (X reports\states\believes that…, According to X…, etc.)
 Avoid making comments about or adding information about the text
 Include level appropriate linkers throughout the text in order to combine the main ideas
UPPER INTERMEDIATE LISTENING TRAINING LESSONS
Listening Training Lesson 1

NOTE-TAKING FOR MAIN IDEAS
Identifying main ideas involves
- identifying the overall topic or basic idea of a lecture or conversation.
- understanding the speaker’s general purpose.
23
Example Questions
Main idea
- What are the speakers mainly discussing?
- What is the talk / lecture / discussion mainly about?
- What aspect of _________ does the lecturer mainly discuss?
Strategies that may help

1. Be familiar with some of the possible topics and the related vocabulary.
2. Use the opening remarks as a clue. To get the audience’s attention and to get the audience to begin
thinking about the main topic, the lecturer might begin with a quote or a paraphrase, a fact, a rhetorical
question or a personal anecdote.
3. Listen to the thesis statement after the clue for a main idea and supporting points of the lecture.
4. Follow repeated and related vocabulary to understand the main idea.
5. Listen for the main topic to be repeated in the conclusion to paraphrase the thesis or summarize the
whole lecture.
PRACTICE ACTIVITY 1: NOTE TAKING FOR MAIN IDEAS

A) You are going to listen to an excerpt from a lecture on Japanese Culture. Listen and answer the
questions below.
1. What is the talk mainly about?

A) Importance of understanding different cultures
B) Importance of Japanese education system in society
C) The role of Japanese education system in businesses.
D) The role of social norms in shaping the education system.
B) You are going to listen to an excerpt about embedded tourists. Listen and answer the following
questions.
2. What is the talk mainly about?

A) Negative effects of embedded tourists on the locals
B) A new type of traveller – embedded tourist
C) Migration in the form of tourism
D) Positive and negative effects of tourism
C) You are going to listen to 4 sections of a lecture about environment. Listen and answer the
following questions.
Section 1: What is the main idea of the introduction?
Section 2: What is the main idea of this section?
24
PRACTICE ACTIVITY 2: NOTE TAKING FOR MAIN IDEAS
1. You are going to listen to an excerpt about Sustainable homes. Circle the main idea.
A) Recycling is the most efficient approach to building sustainable homes.
B) Recycling requires more energy than reusing during construction.
C) Architects need to explore different methods of building environmentally friendly homes.
D) The best way to build a sustainable home is to reuse materials.
2. You are going to listen to an excerpt about Technology and art. Circle the main idea.
A) Art today is much more appreciated than in the past.
B) Art sites create a sense of community among art lovers.
C) With the advance of technology, everyone has started to gain access to art.
D) Thanks to technology, we can create art much easily.
3. You are going to listen to an excerpt about Modernism in ART. Circle the main idea.
A) Modernism is a very specific style of art.
B) There is no universal agreement as to what makes up modern life.
C) Some certain characteristics of modernism in art can be difficult to define.
D) Varying styles characterise modernism.
4. You are going to listen to an excerpt about Island Plant Life. Circle the main idea.
A) Some plant seeds are carried to islands by the wind.
B) Some islands were created when flooding.
C) Some seeds are able to float great distances in the air.
D) Plant life is able to develop on islands in different ways.
5. You are going to listen to an excerpt about Ben and Jerry’s Business. Circle the main idea.
A) They borrowed money from friends to start their business.
B) They had a traditional company that was responsible for ice cream business.
C) They had an unconventional business which was eventually very successful.
D) The started their business in a gas station.

NOTE-TAKING FOR DETAILS AND DEFINITIONS
There are situations in real life where we listen only for some specific details and ignore the rest of the entire
message (e.g. weather forecast, announcements in train stations). Once you have learned to pick out the main
idea in a lecture, your next step is to note the specific details.
Identifying specific details involves

- paying more attention to numbers, names of places, definitions
25
- understanding the key words or ideas that make up the definition
- knowing in advance how the information will be expressed- lecture organization
PRACTICE ACTIVITY 1: NOTE TAKING FOR DETAILS
A You are going to listen to a radio program about Hollywood films versus European films. Listen to
the introduction and note down the important information in the table below.
Now look at your notes and answer the following questions.
1. Why do some people think European films are better than Hollywood films?
____________________________________________________________________
2. What percentage of films shown in Europe are Hollywood films?
__________________________________________________________________
B You are going to listen to the second part of the talk. Take notes in the chart below. You need to find
three differences.
The differences between Hollywood and European films
A ) in Europe
B) in Hollywood
26
Now answer the questions using your notes.
1. How is Americans’ understanding of “cinema” different from Europeans?
____________________________________________________________________
2. How is American film making different from European filmmaking?
___________________________________________________________________
3. How much did The Matrix cost?
__________________________________________________________________
4. Hollywood films give more importance to violence, visual effects and popular stars because
A they pay attention to the real art of film making.
B they want to ensure the success of their film.
C they are interested in good story.
D they want to make a fortune.
C Now listen to the last part of the talk and take notes under the following headings.
The differences in filmmaking
A European cinema
B Hollywood films
Now answer the question using your notes.
1. What is the main characteristic of Hollywood films?

27
A Visuals are key to American films.
B A film should win awards.
C Images do the talking.
D Dialogues are more important than the images.
PRACTICE ACTIVITY 2: NOTE TAKING FOR NUMBERS

A. Hearing the difference between numbers such as fourteen and forty requires paying attention to differences
in stress. Listen to the following numbers:
14 fourteen 40 forty 16 sixteen 60 sixty
15 fifteen 50 fifty 17 seventeen 70 seventy
B. Noting large numbers requires familiarity with the English number system. The basics of the system are as
follows:
300 Three hundred
3,000 Three thousand
30,000 Thirty thousand
300,000 Three hundred thousand
3,000,000 Three million
30,000,000 Thirty million
300,000,000 Three hundred million
3,000,000,000 Three billion
Example: Look at the number 27,486,139, 009
27, 486, 139, 009

(Billions) (Millions) (Thousands) (Ones)
→You can read this as “27 billion 486 million 139 thousand (and) nine.”
EXERCISE 1: In this practice activity, you will hear five numbers. First say all of the numbers out loud.
Then listen and circle the numbers that you hear.
1. 18 80 8
2. 1,252 1,250 1,025
3. 43,655 4,365 436,655
4. 97,000,000 9,000,700 9,700,000
5. 6.000.001 6.000.100 6.010.000
28
EXERCISE 2: In this practice activity, you will hear five numbers. Write the numbers you hear.
1. ________________________
2. ________________________
3. ________________________
4. ________________________
5. ________________________
C. Notice the following ways to talk about ratios or proportions.

5 per 10 = five in ten = five out of ten
3/4 = three-quarters or three-fourths
5/8 = five eighths
2.1 = two point five
EXERCISE 3: In this practice, you will hear three ratios or proportions. Write the numbers you hear.
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
EXERCISE 4: NOTING YEARS: You will hear seven years. Write the years that you hear.
1. ___________________
2. ___________________
3. ___________________
4. ___________________
5. ___________________
6. ___________________
7. ___________________
29
EXERCISE 5: SPELLING: Listen to the recordings and write down the five words you hear.
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
4. _____________________
5. _____________________
EXERCISE 6: Listen to TEN sentences and fill in the gaps with the word or number that you hear.
1. The average depth of the lake is _________ feet below sea level, and the lowest point is more than
________ feet deep.
2. She studied botany, taking the honours examinations as a private student, and also ___________
3. The series of pulses have a highly regular period of _____________ seconds.
4. Her academic ___________ include an MA and a PhD.
5. By the end of the ___________, American society had undergone a long and historic demographic change.
6. At the industrial level, _____________ and other biomedical enterprises do all they can to promote their

products.
7. As a result of the trend toward smaller families, the birthrate was down to ____________ births.
8. The ____________ of the Tuscan countryside make me happy.
9. That coin was minted during the time of Lydian King Croesus, who ruled from _________ B.C to
___________ B.C.
10. The duck-billed ______________ is an even more astonishing animal.
PRACTICE ACTIVITY 3: NOTE TAKING –LET’S DO FURTHER PRACTICE
You are going to listen to a lecture on Memory Mastery. As you listen, take notes under the headings
below.
HEADINGS
1. WHAT IS MEMORY?
30
2. THE TYPES OF MEMORY
3. WAYS OF IMPROVING MEMORY
Answer the following questions using your notes.
1. In the lecture, memory is defined as

A the ability to learn what is around you.
B qualities related to being human.
C the ability to remember what you know.
D intellectual functioning of the brain.
2. Which one of the following could be kept in our short-term memory?

A understanding language systems
B telephone numbers
C how to drive a car
D learning mathematics
3. How much energy of the body does the brain use?

A 20%
B 3%
C 5%
D 10%
31
4. If you are left-brain dominant, you will be good at …
A drawing and recalling words.
B writing and recalling numbers.
C using diagrams and photographs.
D scientific skills and art.
5. What is the benefit of improving your memory?
__________________________________________________________________________
6. The speaker conducts an experiment to show that ….
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Which technique involves explaining a topic or telling a story?
___________________________________________________________________________

LECTURE ORGANIZATION
Under Lecture Organization, you are going to study and practice the following.
PART 1: Prediction
PART 2: Signposting
PART 3: Taking Lecture Notes
PART 1: PREDICTION
 Predicting lecture content and lecture direction helps you to organize your notes in advance and listen
more selectively and efficiently. Predicting does not mean knowing the correct answer; it means making
an educated guess.
PRACTICE A
You will hear the beginnings of five different lectures. First, read the question about each excerpt. Then
listen to the excerpt. After listening, choose the best answer.
32
1. This lecture will be about
a. the ways of developing communication at university.
b. basic rules of communication at university.
c. making new friends at university.
d. the places to find new friends at university.

a. the impacts of environmental problems.
b. human effects on ecosystems.
c. the effects of current waste disposal system.
d. how air pollution affects the quality of life.

a. religious conflicts in Auroville.
b. the basics of Auroville.
c. the difficulties of living in Auroville.
d. the effects of Auroville in the last 30 years.

a. the benefits of creating genetically manipulated babies.
b. the reasons why germline manipulation shouldn’t be approved of.
c. the attempts to design a master race by manipulating the genes of babies.
d. the pros and cons of having genetically manipulated population.

a. the reasons why some species become endangered.
b. the ways how to save endangered species.
c. the possible results of extinction.
d. all of the above.
PART 2: SIGNPOSTING
Lecturers start their lectures in different ways. For example, a lecturer could do one or more of the following:
 Begin with some sort of introductory remark and cue
 Provide background information that leads up to the topic
 Begin with a few personal stories or comments about a shared experience to relax the audience
 Review or summarize previously learnt material before talking about that day’s focus
 Give an overview of the whole lecture plan and explicitly state the lecture goals
 Give general statements about a topic
As a listener, you need to recognize when the speaker finishes the introduction and begin the body of the
lecture, which contains the key points. Here are some examples of the expressions that indicate when they are
moving to a new idea.
Expressions that signal a new idea Expressions that signal conclusions

Let me start with... Consequently, …
Let’s start by... In conclusion, …
Now, let’s talk about... In the final analysis, …
Now that we’ve talked about... To sum up, …
33
OK, let’s move on to... For all of these reasons, ...
Next, I’d like to discuss...
Let’s look at...
Now, I want to discuss...
Expressions that signal a transition Expressions that signal repetition for

Next, let’s discuss... clarification and emphasis
So, what does this mean? In other words,
OK, we’ve talked about... but what What I mean is, ...
about...? So, what I’m saying is...
Let me talk about X for a minute. That is, ...
Now before I go on, ... As I said, ...
Let me say that in another way ...
Expressions that signal comparisons and
contrasts
Similarly,
Likewise,
In the same way,
Both X and Y...
On the other hand, ...
Compared to X, Y is less/more...
The difference between X and Y is...
PRACTICE ACTIVITY 1: RECOGNIZING SIGNPOSTING

A. You are going to listen to an excerpt from sociology lecture. As you listen, answer the following
questions.
- What will the lecturer mainly talk about?

- Hello and welcome to today’s lecture. And the topic of our lecture today is the differences between men
and women in society. So I will be looking at the differences between male stereotypes and female
stereotypes. This lecture will be in 4 parts. Let me outline these for you briefly. Firstly I would like to talk
briefly about what male and female stereotypes are. After that I will talk, secondly, about one of the ways
in which these stereotypes are formed, through the portrayal of men and women in the media. Thirdly I
will go on to give a second way in which our stereotypes of men and women are formed and that is in
school textbooks. And finally, I will talk about the different ways that adults behave towards boys and
girls when they are children or babies.
- What are the note-taking headings?

1)
2)
3)
4)
B. Now listen to the first point and take notes in the box below. Compare your notes with your peer.
34
In this section which words helped you note-down the key words?
___________________________________________________________________________
C. Now listen to the rest of the lecture and take notes. Answer the following questions using your notes.
1. Give one example the stereotyping of men and women in business life.
______________________________________________________________________
2. Give one example the stereotyping of men and women in advertisements.
______________________________________________________________________
Complete the sentences in the table below.
RESEARCH FINDINGS / RESULTS CONCLUSIONS (WHAT DOES

THIS SHOW?
Men and women in (3) __________% of all the characters in (5) TV has a strong influence on
the media American TV dramas were men. ____________________________
(4) Only __________ % of the female ____________________________
characters worked. _____________________________
The influence of school In primary school textbooks: (10) Girls grow up believing that
textbooks Boys are (6) _________& ________ ____________________________
Girls are (7) _________& ________ ____________________________
Men’s jobs = _____________________________
(8)_________________Women’s jobs =
(9)____________________________
The differences in The adults give “the girls” (11) (13) Adults teach baby boys and
adults’ behavior _____________ to play with and the girls _______________________
towards boys and girls “boys” ___________ to play with. They ___________________________
told the girls that (12) ___________________________
_____________________________ and
35
told the boys that
____________________________
PART 3: TAKING LECTURE NOTES

Here are some specific suggestions that will help you take better notes during a lecture.
1. Take notes whenever the professor:

 says something more than one time
 emphasizes a word or sentence
 seems to get excited about something (even if you don’t understand why)
2. Take notes using a variety of formats, depending on the type of lecture. For example:
 Sometimes you can use a graphic organizer, which shows relationships between ideas. One kind of
graphic organizer is a T-chart like the one below.
Example: verbal communication non-verbal communication
 Adjust the format of your notes to distinguish general from specific points.
Example: Types of communication (general ideas to the left)

Non-verbal communication (indent for specific points)
Ex.: gestures, tone of voice (indent more for detail)
 Another way is to use a spider map. In a spider map, you write the main idea in the middle circle and
the supporting ideas in the outer circles.
formal
com.
informal
com. oral
com.
com. 36
types
body written
lang. com.
 A formal outline is another way to indicate general and specific points.
Example: Types of Communication

I. Verbal Communication
A. What verbal communication is: _______________________________________
B. How to develop effective verbal communication: __________________________
C. Verbal communication in different cultures
1. West Cultures: ____________________________________________________
2. East Cultures: ____________________________________________________
II. Non-verbal Communication
A. What non-verbal communication is: ___________________________________
B. How to develop non-effective communication: ____________________________
C. Non-verbal communication in different cultures
1. West Cultures: ____________________________________________________
2. East Cultures: ____________________________________________________
PRACTICE A:
 You are going to hear a lecture about Alternative Tourism. Listen to the lecture and fill in the graphic
organizers.
Alternative Tourism PART 1-PART 2

INTRODUCTION
I. Definition of tourism
A. Tourism: _____________________
1. Travel: attempt to ___________________________ + to pause
37
2. Tourism = _____________ tourism + Traditional Tourism = big hotels + tourist
_____________
a. same service + _____________ -e.g. Bali, New York, Istanbul
b. Very little _____________ with the local community = you don’t mix with
_____________ = Traditional Tourism
ALTERNATIVE TOURISM Part 3:
II. New Age Movement
A. Definition of New Age:
B. How _____________________started:
1.
C. _____________________ of New Age people:
1.
Alternative Tourism Part 4
NEW AGE TOURISM
ALTERNATIVE TOURISM
The three important aspects:
38

Four different types of alternative Tourism:


Literal Comprehension: Answer the following questions by looking at your notes.
a. What is ‘mass tourism’?
_______________________________________________________________
b. How did ‘New Age Tourism’ start?
_______________________________________________________________
c. What are the aims of ‘New Age people’?
_______________________________________________________________
d. What are the three important aspects of ‘alternative tourism’?
_______________________________________________________________
e. What is ‘ecotourism’?
_______________________________________________________________
f. What does ‘events tourism’ involve?
_______________________________________________________________
g. What does ‘health tourism’ involve?
_______________________________________________________________
39
h. What does the popularity of ‘Alternative Tourism’ tell us about people?
_______________________________________________________________
Inferential Comprehension:
Discuss the questions with your partner and answer the questions below.
a. What are the differences between ‘Mass Tourism’ and ‘New Age Tourism’?
_______________________________________________________________
b. What might be the benefits of interacting with the local people on holiday?
_______________________________________________________________
c. Which of the main types of ‘alternative tourism’ might best help self-development’? Why?
_______________________________________________________________
MAKING INFERENCES WHILE LISTENING
Under Making Inferences, you are going to study and practice the following.
PART 1: Guessing the implied meaning of a sentence or phrase.
PART 2: Guessing the meaning of an unknown word used in the tapescript.
PART 3: Identifying the tone/attitude and purpose of the speaker.
Match the questions below with the appropriate type of inferencing above.
What can be inferred about...? _________

What does the speaker imply about…? _________
How does the speaker feel about...? _________
What does the word “X” mean? _________
What does the speaker mean when he says...? _________
What is the speaker’s attitude about/towards...? _________
The word “X” is closest in meaning to...? _________
What does X demonstrate/show/indicate? _________
PART 1: GUESSING THE IMPLIED MEANING
40
What does it mean to identify the implied meaning?
Speakers do not always clearly state what they mean. Instead, they often imply information. The listener needs
to make inferences (guesses, assumptions). Inference is the understanding of unspoken ideas based on logic and
facts. Speakers imply, and listeners infer.
Example:
You hear: Professor Wang took ten points off my essay because I didn’t include examples.
You infer: It is important to include examples and details on essays in Professor Wang’s class
PRACTICE A: Listen to an excerpt from a lecture and answer the following question.
What can be inferred about traffic in London?

A) It is faster
B) It is cheaper
C) It is comfortable
D) It is slow
PRACTICE B: Listen to an excerpt from a story and answer the following question.
What happened in Jill’s house?

A Jill left the window open and all the newspapers were blown on the floor.
B Jill left the window open so a burglar broke into her house.
C After Jill went to work, someone broke into her house.
D After Jill went to work, her cat messed up the whole house.
PRACTICE C: Listen to the manager of a company and answer the following question.
What is the speaker’s opinion about computer use at the work place?
A Computers are more efficient than human beings.
B Computers can make too many mistakes.
C Computers can never replace a real person.
D Computers are too expensive.
PRACTICE D: You are going to listen to a short lecture by a psychiatrist on friendship. As you listen,
take notes under the headings below.
1. THE IMPORTANCE OF FRIENDSHIP
2. SOME WAYS IN WHICH FRIENDSHIP IS CHALLENGED TODAY (you will listen to this section in
Part 3)
41
Now answer the questions using your notes.
1. The speaker thinks friendship is subjective because
A everyone wants friends.

B it is an important subject.
C people’s understanding of it varies.
D it is challenging to make friends.
2. The speaker starts by talking about his childhood to show that
A ideas change as you grow older.

B friendship is always important.
C he was lucky when he was a child.
D it is difficult to make friends as a child.
3. What does the speaker mean by “support systems”? ___________________________________
4. The speaker thinks friendship is risky business because
A suicidal people may hurt their friends easily.

B loners may not like the idea of having friends.
C children become depressed if they don’t have friends.
D even if you have a friend, you might be rejected.
________________________________END OF PART 1___________________________
PART 2: GUESSING THE MEANING OF AN UNKNOWN WORD

One of the factors that hinders understanding a speech is not knowing the meaning of some words. However, it
is possible to guess the meaning of some of the words using context clues.
1. Definition:
A metaphor is something that stands for another thing or idea.
2. Examples after such as, for instance, for example:

They buy real estate such as houses, office buildings, and lands.
3. Opposites:
Political symbols may seem trivial, but they are actually very important, and people take them seriously.
4. The listener’s own experience:

Black is the color of mourning; at a funeral people wear black clothing.
5. Information in another part of the sentence or another sentence:

In some countries, each child has a separate bedroom. In other countries, siblings of the same sex share
a bed, which emphasizes interdependence of family members.
42
6. The expressions in other words, that is, I mean:
Food can be used to distinguish different categories of rank; in other words, people of different levels of
social status eat different food from each other.
PRACTICE: Listen to the sentences and try to guess the meaning of the words given.
1) What does “lockers” mean? ______________________________________.
Clues from the excerpt that helped you guess the meaning: ______________________________
2) What does “commute” mean? ___________________________________.
3) What does “degradation” mean? ____________________________________.
4) What does “obsolete” mean? __________________________________.
5) What does “bleak” mean? _________________________________.
6) What does “elaborate” mean? _______________________________.
7) The lecturer talks about sailing around the world with children. The word “squall” is closest in meaning to
…
A) fight
B) storm
C) boat
D) fear
8) The lecturer talks about Edna Ferber’s career. The word “embark on” is closest in meaning to …
A) took a trip to
B) started out on
C) improved upon
D) had an opinion about
43
9) The lecturer talks about the novel So Big (1924). The word “protagonist” is closest in meaning to …
A) radical feminist
B) skilled worker
C) ethical advocate
D) lead character
10) The lecturer talks about the novel Show Boat (1926). The word “endured” is closest in meaning to …
A) lasted
B) waited
C) limited
D) tested
11) The lecturer talks about autism. The word “onset” is closest in meaning to …
A) placement
B) arrangement
C) support
D) beginning
12) The lecturer talks about Plastic Surgery. The word “adherence” is closest in meaning to …
A) reliance
B) coherence
C) conformity
D) relevance
PART 3: IDENTIFYING THE TONE/ATTITUDE AND THE PURPOSE OF THE SPEAKER

 Tone is the speaker’s attitude toward the topic. The speaker’s attitude is expressed through the words and
details he or she selects. To determine the speaker’s tone, you must notice how these words and details are
used within the speaking.
 How do you find the attitude/tone? You can usually find a tone by asking these three questions:
1. Why did the speaker talk about this?
2. Who is the intended audience?
3. What did s/he want the listener to learn, understand, or think about?
 Purpose is the reason a speaker talks about a topic. A speaker aims to share a main idea about a topic. The
main idea is directly related to the speaker’s purpose. One of the three following purposes will drive a main
idea: to inform, to entertain, and to persuade.
PRACTICE A: You will listen to a part of a lecture on “Christmas.”

1) What is the purpose of the speaker?
44
A) To encourage listeners to celebrate Christmas
B) To inform the listeners about Christmas decorations
C) To explain how decorations should be made on Christmas
D) To describe Christmas traditions
PRACTICE B: You will listen to a part of a lecture on “Crime Prevention.”

2) Which of the following adjectives best describes the government’s attitude towards Crime Prevention?
A) Critical
B) Neutral
C) Indifferent
D) Admiring
PRACTICE C: You will listen to a part of a lecture on “Transportation.”

3) What is the speaker’s attitude towards “cycling”?
A) Supportive
B) Doubtful
C) Objective
D) Biased
PRACTICE D: You will listen to a part of a lecture on “Keeping Fit.”

4) What is the main purpose of the speaker?
A) To encourage people to exercise more
B) To persuade people to do jogging
C) To convince people to join a sports club
D) To motivate people to spend time with their families
PRACTICE E: You will listen to the second part of the lecture on “Friendship”. As you listen take notes
under the second heading.
SOME WAYS IN WHICH FRIENDSHIP IS CHALLENGED TODAY
Answer the questions below using your notes.

1. What is the speaker’s purpose in giving this lecture?
a. To compare past friendships with friendships in modern life.
b. To inform listeners of the challenges to friendship in modern life.
c. To persuade listeners to give importance to friendship instead of their jobs.
d. To discourage people from spending too much time on social media.
2. What is the speaker’s attitude towards “overscheduling a child”?

a. Hopeless
b. Neutral
c. Ironic
d. Critical
45
3. What does the speaker mean when he says, “It seems like almost everyone is wired”?
__________________________________________________________________
4. What is the speaker’s attitude towards “social connectivity”?

a. Disapproving
b. Neutral
c. Serious
d. Angry
__________________________END OF PART 3_____________________________
UPPER INTERMEDIATE LISTENING AND NOTE-TAKING SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS

SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 1: POPULATION
SPEAKING
1. Do you know exactly how many people there are in the

world today?
2. How does the world population growth rate today
compare with the growth rate at other times in history?
3. Are there any parts of the world where population is not
growing?
4. Ex World Bank President Robert McNamara said:
"Population growth is the gravest issue the world faces. If
we do not act, the problem will be solved by famine,
riots, insurrection and war." Do you agree?
5. Do you think there should be a limit on the number of children couples can have in countries with
overpopulation?
VOCABULARY
Read the sentences below and match the words in bold with their definitions.
1 ____ Most countries take a census every 10 years or so in order to count the people and to know where
they are living.
2 ____ A country with a growing population is a country that is becoming more populous.
3 ____ The majority of the U.S. population is of European origin.
4 ____ The geographical distribution of a country’s population gives information about where the people
are living.
5 ____ Many different kinds of people comprise the total U.S. population. In other words, people of
46
different races and ages make up the population.
6 ____ The median age of the U.S. population, which is a relatively large one, has been getting
progressively higher recently.
7 ____ Metropolitan areas are more densely populated than rural areas. That is, they have more people
per square mile.
a. having a large population in relation to its size

b. with a lot of things close together
c. an official process of counting a country’s population and finding out about the people
d. gradually over a period of time
e. the way in which something exists in different amounts in different parts of an area or group
f. to form part of a larger group of people or things
g. the country, race, or type of family which someone comes from
LISTENING
A. You will hear the beginning of a lecture about population in the United States. Listen and write down
what you think the note-taking headings are.
INTRODUCTION
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
B. Please listen to the lecture and take notes under the headings and fill in the chart below.
INTRODUCTION
A) The 2010 U.S. census reports:
 White people:
 Black people:
 Asians:
47
 Native Hawaiians & other Pacific Islanders:
 Native Americans:
 Two or more races:
 People of some other races:
 Hispanics:
B)
i. Most populous states:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ii. Populated regions:
Most populated regions Most densely populated regions
C)
i. GENDER
ii. AGE
 Definition of Median Age:
 Median Age in the U.S.:
Adapted from Listening and Note-Taking Skills 2, Cengage Publishing

POST-LISTENING
C. Use your notes to answer the questions below.
48
1. Name two countries which have a larger population than the US. _____________/____________
2. What was the population of the United States in the 2010 census?
a. 27 million
b. 309 million
c. 270 million
d. 390 million
3. Which group is bigger, the black or Hispanic population? __________________________
4. Which state is more populous, Florida or Texas? ________________________
5. In what two regions do most Americans live?

a. In the North and South
b. In the East and West
c. In the South and West
d. In the East and North
6. What ratio of the population lives in rural areas? _______________________________________
7. Why are there more women than men in U.S. population?

a. There are more females born each year.
b. Men are more likely to suffer from cardiac diseases.
c. Women are more easygoing and carefree.
d. Men have a shorter lifespan than women.
8. About how many years longer do women live than men in the United States? ______________
9. What was the increase in the median age from 2000 to 2010? ___________________________
10. What two factors account for the increase in the median age?
 _________________________________
 _________________________________
D. Self Evaluation Checklist

1 Have I used any abbreviations during note-taking? Yes No Notes:
2 Have I used any symbols when taking notes?
3 Are my notes organized? (Did I indent my paragraphs? / Did I use
bullet points?)
4 Did I focus on intonation / volume of the speaker / the accent?
5 Have I noticed the Transition signals?
6 Have I noticed any repetition?
7 Have I recorded the main ideas accurately?
8 Have I noted down the spelled words / numbers / dates?
E. RESPONSE WRITING
The world is experiencing a dramatic increase in population, which is causing problems not only for poor,
undeveloped countries, but also for industrialized and developed nations.
49
Describe some of the problems that overpopulation causes, and suggest at least one possible solution.
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 2: The 7 Wonders of the World
PRE-LISTENING
a. Do you know any of the following structures?
b. What are the Seven Wonders of the World? What are their names in English?
c. Match these pictures with the names of the Seven Wonders of the World?
Great Pyramid of Giza Hanging Gardens of Babylon Statue of Zeus
Colossus of Rhodes Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Temple of Artemis
Lighthouse of Alexandria
1 2
3
4
5 6
50
2. a. Match the words with their definition
1. construct (v) a. the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means
2. dedicate (v) of channels.
3. tomb (n) b. build or make (something, typically a building, road or machine)
4. temple (n) c. a building or a chamber above or below the ground in which a dead
5. pharaoh (n) body is kept
6. scholar (n) d. a carved figure of a person or animal, especially one that is life-size or
7. statue (n) larger
8. arid (adj) e. having little or no rain
9. irrigation (n) f. a ruler in ancient Egypt
g. a building devoted to the worship of a god or gods
h. a specialist in a particular branch of study
i. devote time or effort to a particular task or purpose
b. Fill in the blanks in the sentences with the words from the box.
1. The company was formed by the Turkish government in 1997 to _____________ the railway from
Amasya to Samsun.
2. Owing to the ___________ surroundings, there are no villages and towns in this part of the country.
3. As a / an ___________, he devoted his attention almost entirely to the works of Plato.
4. This ___________ was built in the Acropolis to respect Athena, the Goddess of wisdom, craft and
war.
5. A person could ____________ his life to understanding just one suggestion and never even get close.
6. The ____________ of Dante is in Ravenna in Italy, where he died in 1321.
7. The fact also that many of the most ancient of these ruins, like Ur, Larsa, and Babylon, were situated
on the banks of the great canals would indicate that the control of the waters of the rivers by a system
of canalization and ____________ was one of the first achievements of civilization.
8. The tomb of Hugo Grotius, born in Delft in 1583. There is a ____________ of him that was erected in
1886 and stands in the market-place outside the church.
9. The mummified body of Egyptian ____________Ramses V, also from this same general period of
time, shows that he died of smallpox.
51
LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING
You are going to listen to a lecture about Seven Wonders of the World. As you listen, take notes under
the headings provided. Please read the headings first.
NOTE TAKING HEADINGS

1. Introduction
2. Ancient Seven Wonders of the World
2.1.1. Great Pyramid of Giza
2.1.2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon
2.1.3. Statue of Zeus
2.1.4. Temple of Artemis
2.1.5. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
2.1.6. Colossus of Rhodes
2.1.7. Lighthouse of Alexandria
3. Conclusion
compiled from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonders_of_the_World in 2016
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
Use your notes to answer the questions below.
1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the lecture?

A. Ancient historians compiled their list in the 2nd century.
B. Greek authors compiled the Ancient Seven Wonders of the World list.
C. The list includes structures located around the Mediterranean rim.
D. The number seven was important to Greek people.
2. Which of the following ancient world wonders can be visited today?

A. Hanging Gardens of Babylon
B. Great Pyramid of Giza
C. Temple of Artemis
D. Statue of Zeus
3. Why do some historians doubt the existence of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon?
__________________________________________________________
52
4. Which of the following is a surprising fact about the Hanging Gardens of Babylon?
A. They were destroyed by an earthquake.
B. They had a complex irrigation system.
C. They were built by a ruler.
D. They were hanging over the sides.
5. Write one of the theories which explains the destruction of the statue of Zeus?
_________________________________________________________________
6. What did the Greeks do to honour their Goddess?
____________________________________________________________________
7. The Temple of Artemis was used as a
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Why was a mirror placed at the highest point of the Lighthouse of Alexandria?
____________________________________________________________________
9. Write two of the wonders which were destroyed by an earthquake.

a. ________________________________
b. ________________________________
10. Which of the following ancient wonder was constructed first?

A. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
B. Lighthouse of Alexandria
C. Colossus of Rhodes
D. Great Pyramid of Giza
11. What is the author’s attitude towards the new lists of wonders?
A. Surprised
B. Critical
C. Uninterested
D. Optimistic
12. Who is the audience?

A. General public
B. Historians
C. Engineering students
D. Scholars
13. What is the author’s tone in the whole lecture?

A. Pessimistic
B. Positive
53
C. Informative
D. Biased
Follow-up Questions
1. What are the new 7 wonders of the world?
2. What are the new 7 wonders of modern day Turkey?
SELF EVALUATION CHECKLIST
1 Have I used any abbreviations during Yes No Notes:

note-taking?
2 Have I used any symbols when taking
notes?
3 Are my notes organized? (Did I indent
my paragraphs? / Did I use bullet
points?)
4 Did I focus on intonation / volume of
the speaker / the accent?
5 Have I noticed the transition signals?
7 Have I recorded the main ideas
accurately?
8 Have I noted down the spelled words /
numbers / dates?
TEXT EXPLOITATION
a. Please look at the tapescript of the listening 7 Wonders of the World and underline all the Passive
structures. E.g. It was built around 2560 B.C.
b. Why do you think Passive Voice is used in the text?
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 3: Body Language
A. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. What is body language and how is it different from spoken language?
2. Why and when do people use body language?
3. What emotions or moods can you express through body language?
4. Do you always notice body language?
54
5. What are some examples of body language from your native culture?
B. VOCABULARY
Look up the meanings of the given words in your dictionary and then fill in the chart below with the
missing forms of the words given.
NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

1. posture
2. gesture
3. express
4. consequently
5. factual
6. puzzled
7. accuracy
8. empathetic
9. pitch
10. enthusiastic
11. desire
12. distract
13. dissatisfaction
14. contradictory
15. witness
16. offend
C. PREDICTION
You will listen to a lecture about “Body Language”. What do you think will be discussed in the lecture? Write
your predictions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
D. NOTE-TAKING HEADINGS
1. WHAT BODY LANGUAGE IS
2. WHAT WE SHOULD FOCUS OUR ATTENTION ON IF WE WANT TO READ BODY
LANGUAGE ACCURATELY
3. BODY LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT
55
4. HOW DOES BODY LANGUAGE HELP US IMPROVE OUR COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND
RELATIONSHIPS
5. CONCLUSION
E. COMPREHENSION CHECK
1. How does the speaker define body language?
______________________________________________________________
2. What kind of information does verbal communication best express?

______________________________________________________________
3. What clue is NOT mentioned as important to read body language accurately?

A. Gestures
B. Voices
C. Actions
D. Postures
E. Words
4. You might narrow your eyes if you become __________________.

5. Match the adjectives below with the relevant tone of voice mentioned in the lecture.
1. Empathetic _____ a. surprised
2. Low pitch _____ b. enthusiastic
3. High pitch _____ c. depressed
6. Write TWO examples to show what a person does if he/she wants to end a conversation?
a. ____________________________
b. ____________________________
7. Which of the following is NOT given as an example in the lecture to draw attention?
A. Children’s annoying behavior at home.
B. A student distracting others in class.
C. Older brothers or sisters acting in a baby-ish way.
D. A person who has a messy desk in the office.
E. An executive growing less productive.
8. Match the examples below with the given supporting ideas/further details.
1. Telling somebody about a new film you have just seen a. Hiding some information
_________. b. Using verbal information
2. Not maintaining eye-contact while speaking c. Wanting to end a
_________. conversation
3. The boss making a desperate grab for his cigarettes d. Showing interest
_________.
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9. Why does the speaker compare ‘a word’ and ‘a gesture’?
______________________________________________________________
10. Which situation supports the contradiction factor mentioned in the lecture?
A. Feeling embarrassed & blushing.
B. Feeling happy & smiling.
C. Feeling calm & rolling eyes.
D. Feeling worried & looking down.
E. Feeling surprised & opening eyes wide.
11. Which one is NOT a reason for telling someone that you have understood how they are feeling?
A. She is more likely to feel understood and less alone.
B. She feels her emotions are neglected.
C. She might become more aware of her feelings.
D. She feels more able to talk about her feelings.
E. She does not feel judged or criticized.
12. What is the purpose of the lecture?

A. To persuade
B. To inform
C. To criticize
D. To entertain
E. To advertise
13. What is the speaker’s attitude towards noticing and understanding body language?
A. Sarcastic
B. Indifferent
C. Content
D. Supportive
E. Discouraging
F. POST-LISTENING
PART A: SELF-EVALUATION CHECKLIST
1 Have I used any abbreviations during note- Yes No Notes:

taking?
3 Are my notes organized? (Did I indent my
paragraphs? / Did I use bullet points?)
4 Did I focus on intonation / volume of the
speaker / the accent?
7 Have I recorded the main ideas accurately? 57
8 Have I noted down the spelled words /
numbers / dates?
PART B: VOCABULARY
Fill in the blanks with one of the words from the box. There are more words than you need. Do not
change the form of the words. There are 3 extra words.
contradictions exaggeratedly implying gestures desire

intentions accurately expressing factual
observe
Everyone who’s ever liked someone has one thing in common: they all 1. _____________ to know what
their partner is thinking. Since reading someone’s mind is impossible, we use other methods to decode; in
other words, decipher what someone is really thinking.
The most common method for mind-reading today is social media. Researchers, however, have discovered
that most of what we post online does not 2. _____________ or truly reflect how we really feel in real life.
That’s why scientists are researching other ways of knowing how a person reacts to basic situations and
what these reactions mean. One of the areas of study is body language. You can find out a lot of things
just from their 3. _____________; how they move their hands, arms and head, or from their postures; how
they hold their shoulders, neck and back.
However, not every action means the same thing. There might be some 4. _____________ between how
people act and how they actually think. Still, knowing these things can give us a little peace of mind and
can even help us make informed decisions when interacting with strangers although we cannot receive 5.
_____________ information through their actions. Consequently, knowing someone’s 6. _____________
can save us a lot of trouble and it can also urge us to be more empathetic by imagining how they may feel.
Remember, the most important factors in a relationship are to communicate well and to count on each
other by knowing you can depend on each other. If you or your partner can’t say it out loud yet, you can
still make do by hugging or by holding hands, or 7. _____________ yourselves through physical touches.
PART C: REFLECTION TASK
Write about how you can make use of the tips given in the lecture considering your day-to-day life and
provide specific examples.
PART D: TEXT EXPLOITATION
58
a. Please look at the tapescript of the listening Body Language. In the paragraphs 1,2,4,5, and 6,
underline all the Noun Clauses. E.g.: How body language can help us.
b. Why do you think these Noun Clauses are used in the text?
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 4: HANDWRITING & OUR PERSONALITY
PRE-LISTENING:
1) Do you think people with different handwriting have different personalities?
2) Do you agree that an analysis of handwriting can show a person’s personality?
3) "Just from analyzing your handwriting, experts can find over 5,000 personality traits," says master
graphologist Kathi McKnight. Do you agree?
4) You are going to watch a video clip about handwriting and personality. Share your ideas with your
friends.
LISTENING: You are going to listen to a lecture about how handwriting affects our personality.
Listen to the lecture and take notes under the headings.
1. Introduction
2. The study of handwriting
3. Tools for analyzing writing
a. Physical signs
b. Psychological signs
c. Universal concepts
d. Common-sense signs
e. Scientific method
4. Reliable results
5. Other uses of hand-writing analysis
6. Conclusion
Adapted from Reading Matters 2, Chapter 5, Houghton Mifflin Company
1. According to the lecture, what is true about graphology?

A. Graphology has been considered a legitimate science in the US.
B. Graphology became popular in Europe over the last decade.
C. Freud found graphology useful to understand the human mind.
D. Psychiatrists use graphology only to analyze unconscious actions.
2. According to the notable psychologists Freud and Jung, handwriting was like…
3. Write three things that graphologists can find out by analyzing a writing sample.

59

4. Physical features in writing, including pushing hard on the paper while writing and shaking do NOT
indicate…
A. illness.
B. alcohol abuse.
C. dishonesty.
D. unhappiness.
5. Which of the following is true according to the lecture?

A. A person who writes in large letters feels unimportant.
B. A person who is relaxed pushes harder on the page.
C. A person who writes in an orderly way is a tidy person.
D. A person who writes the word “love” bigger feels love.
6. In business life, handwriting analysis is used in order to …

A. train employees.
B. hire workers.
C. decide promotions.
D. increase income.
7. In medicine, handwriting analysis can be used to …

A. find clues of the location of disorders in the brain.
B. diagnose psychological problems.
C. affect motor coordination in the body.
D. control all kinds of brain movement.
8. At the end of the lecture, what is the speaker’s tone about the use of graphology in medicine?
A. confused
B. sympathetic
C. disinterested
D. positive
TEXT EXPLOITATION
c. Please look at the tapescript of the listening Handwriting and Our Personality. Underline all the
Signposting Markers. E.g. The First one is.../ The Second tool is...
d. In which parts of the lecture does the speaker use them?
e. Why do you think these markers are used in the text?
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 5: ANIMALS AS LAB TOOLS
I. PRE-LISTENING: Vocabulary
a) Look up the following words in your dictionary. Also, include an example sentence.
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
60
poison poison warn extinct for
wildlife abuse expose against
species suffer addict
effect doubt starve
conduct ban provide
slave conduct rely on
hell
habitat
disease
b) Discuss the following questions with your partner.

1. Is there ever a good reason for using animals in science experiments?
2. Do you buy products specifically because they have not been tested on animals? Why/why not?
II. LISTENING & NOTE TAKING

You are going to listening to a lecture on ‘Animals as Laboratory Tools’. Before you listen, look at the
note-taking headings below.
 REASONS WHY ANIMALS ARE IN DANGER
 ANIMALS BEING USED AS LABORATORY TOOLS
- Experiments today
- Lecturer’s opinion
- Problems with animal experiments
- International standard tests
III. POST-LISTENING: Use your notes to answer the following questions.
1. List two reasons the lecturer mentions for why there are now fewer places for animals to live.
a.
b.
2. How has pollution contributed to the extinction of animals?
3. What is one reason given in the lecture for people to hunt animals?
4. Why do many people think it is not wrong to kill or abuse animals in laboratories?
5. Why does the lecturer call the experimental laboratory ‘hell on earth’ for animals?
61
6. What made the lecturer decide that people and animals were equal?
7. Why are animals considered the slave class?

A. They are loud. Yet, they cannot talk.
B. They are simple but powerful creatures.
C. They don’t have the power to protest.
D. They are extremely different from humans.
8. Why do many doctors and researchers think that animal experiments have no scientific value?
9. The lecturer mentions two Standard International Tests. Use your notes to complete the following table
about these tests.
Name of Test Animals used Product tested
Draize Eye Test Cosmetics
Sheep
IV. Self-Evaluation Checklist
1 Have I used any abbreviations during note-taking? Yes No Notes:

3 Are my notes organized? (Did I indent my paragraphs? / Did I use bullet
points?)
5 Have I noticed the transition signals?
V. Text Exploitation
a. Please look at the tapescript of the listening Animals as Lab Tools. In paragraphs 9, 10 and 12,
underline all the different modals. E.g. A human disease can take a different form in animals.
b. Why do you think these modals are used in the text?
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 6: TOURISM & ECO-TOURISM
A. PRE-LISTENING DISCUSSION
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1. What comes to mind when you hear the word 'ecotourism'?
2. How do you think eco-tourism is different from regular tourism?
3. What could be the benefits of ecotourism?
4. Where would you like to go as an eco-tourist, and why?
B. VOCABULARY WORK: Match the words with their definitions
1. stimulate (v) a. a product that you can buy, trade or sell

2. revenue (n) b. variety; range
3. diversification (n) c. someone who starts their own business, especially
when this involves risks
4. commodity (n) d. the process of changing one currency for another
5. exchange (n) e. to make something happen or develop more
6. legitimate (adj) f. earnings; gainings
7. entrepreneur (n) g. allowed by law
Complete the sentences with the words above
1. The government is hoping their new tax cuts will help to ______________________ growth in the
economy.
2. The strength of the city's economy lies in its broad ______________________ of industries.
3. The black pearl industry is French Polynesia's largest source of ______________________, after
tourism.
4. Do you know what the current ______________________ rate is for American dollars?
5. A skilled ______________________ understands not only how businesses work, but also how to
motivate people.
6. A government cannot be considered truly ______________________ unless it is democratically elected.
7. Cigarettes were a valuable ______________________ during the war, and people would trade food, or
some other things to get them.
C. LISTENING AND TAKING NOTES: Listen to the lecture about ecotourism and take notes under the
headings provided.
 WHAT IS ECO-TOURISM?
 REASONS WHY COUNTRIES ARE INTERESTED IN TOURISM
 BENEFITS OF ECOTOURISM
 PROTECTION & ECOTOURISM
 HOW TO MANAGE ECO-TOURISM
Compiled from esm 221 ecotourism, retrieved from http://www.nou.edu.ng/uploads/NOUN_OCL/pdf/pdf2/ESM%20221-MAIN%20BODY.pdf

D. COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS: Use your notes to answer the questions below.
63
1. According to the speaker, what goals does ecotourism satisfy for a country?
A. Archaeological and social.
B. Social and global.
C. Social and economic.
D. Economic and architectural.
E. Industrial and economic.
2. The population of Cancun, Mexico has increased from 426 to __________________ .
3-5. According to the speaker, the employment advantage of tourism can be divided into three categories. Fill in
the chart below using your notes.
Type of Employment Examples
DIRECT EMPLOYMENT 3. people working at _____________ , _____________
4.____________ EMPLOYMENT food companies
5. ____________ EMPLOYMENT tour operators
6. What is the most important reason why companies pursue tourism?

A. Regional economic growth.
B. Economic diversification.
C. Respect for culture.
D. Foreign exchange earnings.
E. Increase in population.
7. The first benefit of ecotourism is that it …

A. provides money to care for natural and cultural areas.
B. raises awareness of the importance of different cultures.
C. promotes a country’s economic development and growth.
D. increases rates of employment in developing countries.
E. benefits tour operations and multinational companies.
8. Currently, who usually benefits from ordinary tourism?

A. Eco-tour operators
B. Multinational companies
C. Local government
D. Local businesses
E. National government
9. The two main reasons for an increase in conservation awareness are the loss of …
a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
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10. How many protected areas were there in Central America in 2003?
A. 190
B. 30
C. 70
D. 557
E. 230
11. What is the speaker’s attitude towards the effectiveness of current efforts to create and protect areas of
natural importance?
A. Confused
B. Pessimistic
C. Satisfied
D. Angry
E. Neutral
12. Currently, eco-tourism in Kenya, Africa is mainly controlled by …

A. government and business.
B. local and national businesses.
C. local eco-tour companies.
D. local and national companies.
E. multi-national companies.
E. SELF EVALUATION CHECKLIST

1 Have I used any abbreviations during note-taking? Yes No
3 Are my notes organized? (Did I indent my paragraphs? / Did I use bullet points?)
SUPPLEMENTARY LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING 7: GLOBAL WARMING
PRE-LISTENING
A. Warm-Up: What is global warming? Study the following words and phrases in the box. Which of the
following are the causes of global warming and which are the effects? Write C next to causes and E
next to the effects. Can you think of any other effects?
carbon dioxide emissions greenhouse gasses rising sea levels

melting glaciers deforestation droughts forest fires
65
B. Vocabulary: Complete the sentences below with the words in the box:
dismantle archipelago refugee eroded

sink submerged vanishes low-lying exodus
1. A ___________________ island is very near the level of the sea.

2. If something ____________________, it disappears completely.
3. If something cannot stay above the surface of water, it will _____________________.
4. If something is ____________________________, it is completely under water.
5. A ___________________________is someone who has escaped their country because of politics,
religion, war, environmental changes, etc.
6. If something (e.g. a cliff or coast) is ____________________, it is gradually reduced in size or
destroyed by water or wind.
7. If you ________________________ something, you separate it into different parts.
8. An __________________________is a group of small islands in the sea.
9. There has been a mass _________________________ of workers from the villages to the towns.
C. READING
Before you start listening, read the article below on how rising sea levels are affecting Pacific Islanders.
Find the following information:
1. the height above sea level of Kiribati
2. the population of Kiribati
3. the predicted rise in sea level in the Asia-Pacific region by 2070
4. the number of refugees from Pacific islands in New Zealand in 2004-2006
5. the number of refugees from Pacific islands in New Zealand in 2003
Rising Tide of Global Warming Threatens Pacific Island States

By Kathy Marks, Asia-Pacific Correspondent
1 While rich nations try to implement policies that may reduce their carbon dioxide emissions, low-lying
South Pacific nations such as Kiribati are sinking beneath the waves.
2 Kiribati, an archipelago of 33 coral islands barely 6ft above sea level, is vanishing because of global warming
and rising oceans. Yesterday, its president, Anote Tong, warned Australia and New Zealand—the two
developed countries in the region—to prepare for a mass exodus within the next decade.
3 Speaking at the annual South Pacific Forum in Fiji, Mr Tong said that rising sea levels would create countless
environmental refugees. "If we are talking about our island states submerging in 10 years' time, we simply
have to find somewhere else to go," he said.
4 Environmentalists have warned that global warming, caused by a build-up of greenhouse gasses, will cause
glaciers to melt. That could lead to seas rising by up to 23ft, and would be devastating for countries such as
66
Bangladesh, India, Vietnam and China. But the tiny nations of the Pacific, where some of the world's lowest-
lying islands are situated, would be the first to be submerged.
5 In the archipelago Vanuatu, an entire coastal village on the island of Tegua is being forced to move to higher
ground, its huts flooded by rising seas. In Kiribati, too, a former British colony known as the Gilbert Islands,
people are having to take drastic action.
6 The islands, which are spread across two million square miles of the Pacific, are home to 92,500 people. The
beaches on the main island are so eroded that sand has been imported from Australia. Dozens of families have
been forced to move, dismantling their wooden huts piece by piece and reassembling them further back from
the water.
7 Environmentalists have predicted that the effects of rising sea levels will mainly affect the world's most
impoverished countries, which make a negligible contribution to global warming. An Australian government
report this month forecast that global warming in the Asia-Pacific region could see seas rise by up to 19
inches by 2070.
8 It warned of a flood of refugees, pointing to increased levels of migration already from South Pacific
countries. About 17,000 islanders applied for residence in New Zealand in 2004-2006, it said, compared with
4,000 in 2003. While New Zealand has been generous so far, and has a sizeable Pacific population, accepting
large numbers of refugees could risk a political backlash.
9 Australia's government has not yet decided to take refugees. Ian Campbell, the Environment Minister, said
the focus should be on helping islanders stay in their home countries.
Adapted from The Independent, 25 October 2006
2. Comprehension Check: Decide whether the following sentences are T (True) or F (False).
___1.Global warming is responsible for the rise in sea levels in the South Pacific.
___2.Only the South Pacific islands will be affected.
___3.The South Pacific islanders are trying to leave their islands.
___4.Countries that are most responsible for global warming will be affected most by rising sea levels.
___5.Australia and New Zealand are both ready to accept refugees.
3. Understanding meaning from context: Find a word or phrase in the text which means:
1. ____________________ 'only just' (adv., P2)
2. ____________________ the movement of a lot of people from a place (phrase, P2)
3. ____________________ causing a lot of damage or destruction (adj., P4)
4. ____________________ whole, complete (adj, P5)
5. ____________________ do something extreme and sudden (phrase, P5)
6. ____________________ putting together again (v. -ing, P6)
7. ____________________ very poor (adj., P7)
8. ____________________ a strong feeling among a group of people in reaction to a recent political
event (two-word noun, P8)
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4. Adjectives of quantity: Study the following adjectives in context and say whether they mean 'very
large' or 'very small'.
countless (P3) mass (P2) negligible (P7)sizeable (P8) tiny (P4)
LISTENING
A. You are going to listen to a lecture about global warming, a current problem that threatens the
whole world. Take notes under the headings provided.
Headings:
1. Definition of Global Warming

2. International Impacts
3. Impacts on Human Health
4. Impacts of Hotter Temperatures
5. Impacts of Diseases
6. Measures to Minimize the Effects
B. Answer the following questions by using your notes
1. What is global warming?
2. What will be global increase in temperature by the year 2100?
3. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of global warming?

A Rise in sea-levels.
B Unaffordable health expenditures.
C Threats to biodiversity and environment.
D Risk of droughts and floods.
4. The effects of global warming will not be felt equally because

A some nations do not deal with agriculture.
B regions are not sensitive to changes in climate.
C poorer regions of the world will warm more.
D some nations aren't able to cope with the changes.
5. The ozone layer

A protects the earth from getting warmer.
B no longer blocks harmful radiation.
C can get denser because of global warming.
D is harmful only for people with lung diseases.
6. According to statistics, the current number of heat-related deaths in Atlanta is

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A 80
B 18
C 96
D 47
7. According to the lecture, diseases

A only appear in areas with polluted waters.
B become dangerous only in warm areas.
C spread by mosquitoes only are dangerous.
D will increase if insects can survive everywhere.
8. Which of the following is NOT a solution to avoid negative consequences of global warming?
A Identify disease and cope with them effectively.
B Moving vulnerable people to air-conditioned buildings.
C Public health programs should be implemented.
D Emergency services should work more.
9. The speaker’s attitude towards the problem of global warming is

A pessimistic.
B doubtful.
C cautious.
D critical.
POST-LISTENING
A. Read the audioscript below and complete the chart given in C.
Good afternoon and welcome to today's lecture. Today, I’ll talk about a current problem that threatens the
whole world, global warming. I’ll start my lecture by defining and explaining global warming. Then, I'll talk
about the international impacts of it and impacts on human health, specifically the impacts of hotter
temperatures and diseases. Lastly, try to suggest some measures to minimize the effects.
OK, let’s start with the definition then. Well, the scientific community has reached a strong consensus
regarding the science of global climate change. The world is undoubtedly warming. Global warming is
defined as the warming of the earth by greenhouse gases given out into the atmosphere naturally or by human
activities. These activities which give out greenhouse gases and warm the earth include industrial processes,
fossil fuel combustion, and changes in land use, such as deforestation. But there are many questions about
global warming, from its causes to its full effects. Continuation of greenhouse gas emissions will eventually
result in additional warming, with current estimations of a global increase of 1.5°C to 5.5°C by 2100, with
warming in the U.S. expected to be even higher. This warming will have real consequences for the United
States and the world, because soon after that warming will also follow other results. These results could be
listed as firstly, additional sea-level rise that will eventually flood coastal areas. Other results are increased risk
of droughts and floods, threats to biodiversity, and a number of potential challenges for public health. So, let
me repeat the results again for you: additional sea-level rise, increased risk of droughts and floods, threats to
biodiversity and challenges for public health.
Right then, my next point is the international impacts. The effects of global warming and a changing
climate will not be felt equally across our planet. Regional climate changes will be very different from changes
in the global average. Regions will differ in the rate of climate change. Furthermore, not all things, whether
they be natural ecosystems or human settlements, are equally sensitive to changes in climate. And finally,
69
nations and regions within nations vary in their ability to cope with and adapt to global warming and a changing
climate.
With that said, some nations will probably experience more adverse effects than others, whereas other nations
may experience fewer consequences than others. Poorer nations are generally more exposed to the
consequences of global warming because they don't have the resources to cope with and adapt to the changes.
These nations tend to be more dependent on climate-sensitive sectors, such as agriculture, and they lack the
resources to protect themselves against the changes that global warming may bring. Africa, for example, has
been identified as "the continent most defenseless against the impacts of projected changes" since widespread
poverty limits adaptation capabilities.
Another impact of global warming, perhaps a more important one, will be on human health. Throughout the
world, the predominance of particular diseases and other threats to human health depend largely on local climate.
Extreme temperatures can directly cause the loss of life. Besides this, a range of serious diseases only appear in
warm areas and we may see a rise in such diseases as average temperatures increase. Finally, warm
temperatures can increase air and water pollution, which in turn harm human health.
Now, to begin with the direct effect of climate change, the most direct effect of it would be the impacts of
hotter temperatures themselves. Extremely hot temperatures increase the number of people who die on a given
day. Higher air temperatures also increase the concentration of ozone at ground level. The natural layer of
ozone in the upper atmosphere blocks harmful ultraviolet radiation from reaching the earth's surface, but in the
lower atmosphere, at the ground level, ozone is a harmful pollutant. Ozone damages lung tissue, and causes
particular problems for people with asthma and other lung diseases. In much of the world, a warming of 2.5°C
could increase ozone concentrations by about 5 percent. And, what does this mean? Well, even if healthy individuals
are exposed to this ozone at a modest level, they can experience chest pains, sickness, and lung diseases.
At this point, I'd like to give you some figures to clarify the effect of warming. Statistics on mortality and
hospital admissions show that death rates increase during extremely hot days, particularly among very old
and very young people living in cities. In July 1995, a heat wave killed more than 700 people in the Chicago
area alone. Studies based on these types of statistics estimate future death figures. In Atlanta, for example, the
annual number of heat-related deaths today is 80. According to studies, even a warming of about 1°C would
increase heat-related deaths to anywhere from 96 to 247 people per year. If people are able to install air
conditioning and adapt themselves to the hotter temperatures, the lower estimate is more likely.
Alternatively, warmer temperatures may decrease the number of people who die each year from cold weather.
However, in the United States, around 1000 people die from the cold each year, while twice that many, about
2000, die from the heat. For the most part, cold-related deaths occur during occasional cold periods in areas with
mild winters where people prepare less for the cold. And this means deaths due to the heat are more sensitive to
temperature changes than deaths due to the cold.
OK, until now, we talked about the effects of increasing temperature. Likewise, global warming may increase
the risk of some infectious diseases, particularly those diseases that only appear in warm areas. Diseases that are
spread by mosquitoes and other insects could become more common if warmer temperatures enabled those
insects to become established in different parts. OK, let me explain this for you. Because of global
warming, temperatures increase. Consequently, insects such as mosquitoes can survive in different parts of the
world, in parts where they couldn't survive before. Therefore, the diseases that these insects carry also become
widespread. Some scientists believe that algal blooms- that is rapid increases in algae in sea water- could
occur more frequently as temperatures warm - particularly in areas with polluted waters - in which case diseases such
as cholera could become more frequent.
70
Finally, I want to talk a little bit about how we can avoid the negative consequences of global warming. Well, in
spite of all the risks I've mentioned above, increased mortality is not an inevitable consequence of global warming.
Malaria, for example, is rare in the United States even in warmer regions where the mosquito that transmits the
disease is found. The reason for this is that this nation has the ability to rapidly identify and keep back diseases when
they appear. So, one way to cope with diseases would be to identify and keep them back when they appear.
Secondly, heat-related deaths can be prevented by emergency measures to move more sensitive people to air-conditioned
buildings. Well, I must say that identifying more sensitive people and moving them to air-conditioned buildings is not
an easy job, but it would prevent the deaths of many. Lastly, many of the impacts of climate change on health could also
be avoided through the maintenance of strong public health programs. By maintaining strong public health programs, we
would be able to monitor, quarantine, and treat the spread of infectious diseases. Despite additional costs that air-
conditioning and public health programs may impose on the public and private sectors, they would often be preferable.
Otherwise, serious impacts of global warming on human health would occur.
Lastly, I think it seems that the problem itself, global warming, is inevitable. However, effective measures could
prevent the negative impacts of it, at least bringing them down to a minimum level. Well, that's all I want to talk about
today. Now, 1 can answer your questions if you have any.
B. Look at the audioscript of the listening and find the linkers and prepositions written in
bold. Put them under the correct category in the table below.
Prepositions Reason Contrast Similarity
1.___________ 1.____________ 1.____________ 1._____________
2. ____________ 2. ___________
3. ____________ 3. ___________
Time Sequence Condition Addition Alternative
1.____________ 1._____________ 1.____________ 1.____________
2. ___________ 2. ___________ 2.____________
3. ___________
C. Combine the following sentences by using the linkers in brackets.
1. The car didn't want to start. After trying so hard, I got it going. (Eventually)
___________________________________________________________________
2. The bank refused to give the company more time. After a while, the company went bankrupt.
(Consequently)
___________________________________________________________________
3. To make a decision, Security Council needs nine votes. No decision can be made if this does not
happen. (Otherwise).
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___________________________________________________________________
4. You may have inherited good qualities from your parents. They may not be effective if your living
conditions are not good. (even if)
___________________________________________________________________
5. He was speaking with a terrible accent. Still, we were able to understand him. (in spite of)
___________________________________________________________________
6. Nasreddin Hoca is universally popular. This is because people of different cultures are able to identify
with his joys and problems. (due to)
___________________________________________________________________
7. The meat is cooked in salt water and dried in the sun. It may also be toasted and eaten with bread and
a chilli sauce. (alternatively)
___________________________________________________________________
8. Women are also more likely to evaluate a man's potential earning ability. Men assess women in
terms of more spontaneous reactions. (whereas)
___________________________________________________________________
9. I think June isn't a good time to go there. Another reason is that I want to finish my reports first.
(besides).
___________________________________________________________________
UPPER INTERMEDIATE WHILE LISTENING MATERIALS

WHILE-LISTENING LESSON 1: SLEEP
I. PRE-LISTENING: DISCUSSION
1. On average, how much sleep do you get at night? Do you think it is enough?
2. What are some of the things that cause you to get less sleep than you may want?
II. VOCABULARY PRACTICE: Match the key words with their definitions in the table below.
1. Cope (v) A. To focus your power, attention, efforts onto something.

2. Doze (v) B. A subject that is being discussed or studied; main purpose
3. Struggle (v) C. To deal with and attempt to overcome problems and
difficulties.
4. Moody (adj) D. An act or instance of withholding or taking something away
from someone or something.
5. Concentrate (v) E. Increase or growth by addition especially when continuous or
repeated.
6. Replenish (v) F. Refers to someone’s temperament – i.e. unhappy, angry,
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frustrated
7. Inherit (v) G. To fall into a light sleep / to sleep lightly.
8. Accumulation H. To receive something from a parent or ancestor through
(n) genetics.
9. Deprivation (n) I. To proceed with difficulty or with great effort.
10. Focus (n) J. To fill or build up again.
A. WHILE-LISTENING
You are going to listen to 5 excerpts from the same lecture about Sleep. Answer the following questions
while listening.
PART 1
1. How many hours did Randy Gardner stay awake?
a. 246
b. 216
c. 264
d. 286
e. 211
2. By the end of the experiment, Randy experienced

a. …hallucinations.
b. …concentration problems.
c. …memory problems.
d. …paranoia.
e. …all of the above.
3. Sleeplessness is a factor contributing to

a. …obesity.
b. …epilepsy.
c. …anorexia.
d. …allergies.
e. …depression.
4. Why does the speaker give the example of Randy’s experiment?

a. To impress the audience with Randy’s will and strength.
b. To talk about the difficulties of hallucinating at night.
c. To talk about the physical damage Randy suffered.
d. To show the various negative effects of lack of sleep.
e. To explain the dangers of hormonal imbalance.
PART 2
5. How much sleep do adolescents need?
a. 5-6 hours
b. 7-8 hours
c. 12-13 hours
d. 2-3 hours
e. 9-10 hours
6. How does non-REM sleep help our body?

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a. It makes us lose weight more easily.
b. It repairs our DNA and refreshes us.
c. It contributes to our skin health.
d. It decreases the risk of heart attacks.
e. It increases our motivation level.
PART 3
7. Why did a soccer fan die in 2014?
a. He got excited while watching the World Cup.
b. He did not get any sleep for more than 2 days.
c. He had a stroke while watching the match.
d. He slept fewer than six hours a night.
e. He got a consistent amount of sleep.
8. Fatal Familial Insomnia is

a. ...common among a large group of people.
b. ...an effect of having constant nightmares.
c. ...the most common reason of all strokes.
d. ...known to be common among soccer fans.
e. ...the result of a hereditary genetic mutation.
PART 4
9. What exactly leads to the negative symptoms of sleeplessness?
a. Collection of waste in the brain.
b. Drinking high amounts of caffeine at night.
c. Blocking the energy sources in our body.
d. People’s increased urge to go to sleep.
e. Not having the daily energy our cells need.
PART 5
10. Our glymphatic system
a. ...is more active when we are awake.
b. ...is a mechanism which tires the brain.
c. ...cleans accumulated waste products.
d. ...improves our immune system.
e. ...is passive when we are asleep.
11. What is the speaker’s tone at the end of Part 5?

a. Pessimistic
b. Surprised
c. Concerned
d. Confused
e. Encouraging
B. POST-LISTENING
Write a short paragraph (about 80-100 words) about a time when you did not sleep or had very little sleep.
Explain the situation, how you felt, and what you experienced. Try to use at least five of the key words that you
learnt at the beginning of the lesson.
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WHILE-LISTENING LESSON 2: The Story of Lindy Hingley
I. PRE-LISTENING: DISCUSSION
1. What are some of the biggest threats to marine life?
2. What is being done to protect and help marine life in your own country/ the world?
A. VOCABULARY PRACTICE: Match the key words with their definitions in the table below.
1. Drown (v) A. To cause someone to feel extremely unpleasant emotions, especially anger
or shock.
2. Vast (n) B. To pull a large net through the sea at deep level with a special boat in
order to catch fish.
*Other meaning: to search among a large number or many different places
in order to find people or information you want. “He ____ through the
Internet to find information about global warming”
3. Bond (n) C. To ask yourself questions or express a wish to know about something.
4. Sicken (v) D. Strange, not known, or not understood.
5. Trawl (v) E. To die or lose consciousness by being under water and unable to breath.
6. Passion (n) F. A suggestion that something unpleasant or violent will happen, especially
if a particular action or order is not followed.
7. Wonder (v) G. A close connection joining two or more people.
8. Mysterious (adj) H. To become completely involved in something.
9. Threat (n) I. A very powerful feeling, such as love, hate, anger, or other strong
emotions.
10. Immerse (v) J. Extremely big.
B. Complete the sentences below by adding the correct form of the words from the box.
Immerse Threat Passionate Trawl Sicken
1. He ____________________ himself in his work.
2. The man ____________________ to kill her if she did not give him the money.
3. She is very ____________________ about her job and makes it a big part of her life.
4. She ____________________ through old letters for information about her family.
5. People all over the world were ________________ by the attack on the World Trade Center in 2001.
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A. WHILE-LISTENING: You are going to listen to 5 excerpts from the same lecture about Lindy
Hingley. Answer the questions while listening.
PART 1
1. When Lindy was four years old, ...
a. she was about to die under water at Torcross.
b. she nearly drowned off the beach due to dolphins.
c. she lost her pet in the ocean when swimming together.
d. her family had a boat accident in the ocean.
e. she was not able to swim well due to the ocean waves.
2. Considering her attitude to her childhood trauma, we can infer that Linda...
a. has a very strong phobia of the sea.
b. wishes she could stay away from the sea.
c. does not have any fears in life but the sea.
d. could turn her fear into something positive.
e. actually loves living at a seaside town.
PART 2
3. Lindy has been part of the Brixham fishing community for...
a. 4 years
b. 22 years
c. 10 years
d. 12 years
e. 18 years
4. Lindy set up Brixham Seawatch...

a. because she got married to John.
b. because she liked to watch dolphins playing.
c. after seeing dead dolphins.
d. because she wanted to do more.
e. because she was bored of her job.
PART 3
5. What did Lindy NOT do to find dead dolphins?
a. Talking to the local people.
b. Putting up posters.
c. Giving out leaflets.
d. Contacting coast guards.
e. Talking to fishermen.
6. It can be understood that trawling fish in British Waters...

a. is illegal for large factory ships.
b. doesn’t affect the marine population.
c. is acceptable when there are no dolphins.
d. is only legal for small fishing boats.
e. is referred to as ‘accidental catch’.
PART 4
7. How does Lindy feel about seeing dead dolphins?
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a. Frustrated
b. Hopeless
c. Neutral
d. Optimistic
e. Sarcastic
8. For Lindy, dolphins are ...

a. magical.
b. mysterious.
c. entertaining.
d. friendly.
e. wild.
PART 5
9. Lindy believes that...

a. the size of engines should be limited.
b. slower boats don’t hurt dolphins and whales.
c. only speedboats should be used during summer.
d. Engines sizes should follow local standards.
e. trawlers should be banned from fishing.
10. What is Lindy’s attitude towards the future of marine environment protection?
a. Doubtful
b. Determined
c. Scared
d. Neutral
e. Ironic
B. POST-LISTENING
In groups, you are going to have a 5-10 minute discussion. Half of the group will represent the government and
the other half will represent the Animal Rights Group. Read the information below and plan what you are going
to say. After you finish the discussion, report to the class what the final outcome was.
Group 1 : Government Group 2 : Animal Rights Group
You are going to have a meeting with an Animal You are part of an animal rights group who are
Rights Group. They want funding to create a trying to persuade the government to provide
rescue and rehabilitation centre for Caretta you with funding for a rescue and rehabilitation
Caretta Sea Turtles. centre. The rescue and rehabilitation centres
Your job is to listen to the Animals Rights will help the Caretta Caretta Sea Turtles
Group’s reasons and then make a decision about survive and to create a safe space for them to
whether the group should get the funding and live and lay their eggs.
how much they should receive. Your job is to argue why you want the funding,
what you will use the funding for, and how
You must justify your decision. much you will need.
You must justify your reasons.
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WHILE-LISTENING LESSON 3: Hypnosis
1. PRE-LISTENING: DISCUSSION
Hypnosis
“A mental state like sleep, in which a person’s thoughts can be easily influenced by someone else.”
1. What is your opinion about hypnosis? Have you ever been hypnotised or do you know anybody who has?
2. What do you think hypnosis can be used for?
3. Do you think hypnosis is useful? Why/Why not?
2. VOCABULARY PRACTICE: Match the key words with their definitions in the table below.
1. Conception (n) A. To feel nervous and worried and unable to relax.

2. Therapeutic (adj) B. Able to be made, done, or achieved.
3. Tense (adj) C. To make an unpleasant feeling, such as pain or worry, less strong.
4. Condition (v) D. Awake, thinking, and knowing what is happening around you.
5. Sensation (n) E. An idea of what something is or should be like.
6. Realisation (n) F. The ability to feel something physically.

7. Conscious (adj) G. A result of a particular action or situation, often one that is negative.
8. Relieve (v) H. Having a healing effect; tending to make a person healthier.
9. Feasible (adj) I. The fact or moment of starting to understand a situation.
10. Consequence (n) J. To train or influence a person mentally so that they do or expect a
particular thing without thinking about it.
Using the key words from the table above to complete the sentences below. You do NOT need to change
the form.
1. When a hypnotist puts you in a trance, you no longer have __________________ control of yourself.
2. The government is trying to do more to educate the public about the ______________(s) of drug abuse.
3. There are many ways to __________________ the pain of headaches.
4. Social media may unconsciously __________________ young people to believe that beauty equals
popularity and success.
5. There is a growing __________________ that changes must be made to slow down the effects of
climate change.
6. This music is very __________________, so it should help you sleep.
7. It is not __________________ to manage a business on a part-time basis.
8. He has no __________________ of how difficult life is if you’re unemployed because he has always
had a steady job.
9. After falling, she lost all __________________ in her left arm.
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10. I am worried about my friend; she sounded __________________ and angry when I called her.
A. WHILE-LISTENING: You are going to listen to 6 excerpts from the same lecture about Hypnosis.
Answer the following questions while listening.
PART 1
1. People are unaware of the benefits of hypnosis because...
a. hypnosis is the oldest mystery.
b. illusionists use it in therapies.
c. therapists are not competent enough.
d. people think it is used by experts.
e. people believe it is an illusion.
2. What percentage of the population is deeply hypnotisable?

a. 10 %
b. 8 %
c. 9 %
d. 1 %
e. 78 %
PART 2
3. Which factor helps a terminally ill cancer patient to be easily hypnotised?
a. Motivation for recovery.
b. Eagerness to avoid pain.
c. Worries about the illness.
d. A tense environment.
e. Concerns for family members.
4. Under hypnosis, how does a woman feel during childbirth?

a. Tense
b. Joyful
c. Unware
d. Relaxed
e. Motivated
5. What is the purpose of the examples given in part 2?

a. Giving childbirth causes a lot of pain and anxiety to the mothers.
b. Hypnosis can work well for the treatments of 6 kinds of cancer.
c. It is better for expectant mothers to be awake while giving birth.
d. Cancer patients and pregnant women have the same kind of pain.
e. Hypnosis works much more effectively when people are more willing.
PART 3
6. The main point that the speaker is making about the use of hypnotic analgesia is that...
a. it relieves pain during crisis.
b. it is an alternative treatment.
c. it leads to lack of appetite.
d. it makes the patient more conscious.
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e. it results in complications.
7. The most important thing hypnotists tell anaemic children is that...

a. the pain will become a comfortable warmth.
b. blood vessels will get larger and the blood will flow normally.
c. they will obtain pleasure from eating and drinking.
d. hypnosis is more feasible on children like themselves.
e. they will be unconscious during the hypnosis.
PART 4
8. Hypnotists use a positive approach to help alcoholics by...

a. conditioning patients with self-hypnosis.
b. controlling their drinking habits.
c. keeping them away from alcoholic beverages.
d. improving the patient’s self-image.
e. preventing them from relying on themselves.
9. What can we infer about how hypnosis helps with health problems?
a. It strengthens people’s immune system against diseases.
b. It can only solve the physical issues people face.
c. It treats all psychological issues without medication.
d. It changes people’s perceptions to help overcome health issues.
e. It makes obese people feel full when they go to the market.
PART 5
10. How did hypnosis help the student to improve his grades?
a. The student forgot about his bad experiences.
b. The student changed his professor for a better one.
c. The student established better relations with the professor.
d. The student’s problem solving skills were improved.
e. The student realised he had some personal problems.
PART 6
11. Being hypnotised by a lay hypnotist can...
a. make patients very ignorant.
b. make patients anxious and disturbed.
c. create several concerns among patients.
d. lead to serious problems among surgeons.
e. treat patients who have anxiety problems.
12. A lay hypnotist...

a. has received no professional training.
b. is generally an anxious person.
c. can easily learn patients’ problems.
d. is careful when choosing patients.
e. can be a surgeon.
B. POST-LISTENING: Discussion
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1. Do you think hypnosis is a valid form of therapy? Why/Why not?
2. If you had an operation, would you use hypnosis as part of your recovery? Why/Why not?
3. What other alternative therapies do you know about? How are they used?
WHILE-LISTENING LESSON 4: Bengal Tigers
A. Pre-Listening
DISCUSSION
1. Can you think of some animals that have become extinct (especially recently)?
2. Why did these animals become extinct?
3. Do you know about any endangered species? Why are they at risk? (Watch the video at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWdpkA9cR00 and check your predictions.)
4. Where do tigers live? What do you know about them?
VOCABULARY: Match the words with their definitions.

1. Rear (v) a) animals kept on a farm, such as cows, sheep, chickens.
2. Captive (adj) b) an animal that only eats meat
3. Territory (n) c) kept in prison or in a place against one’s will
4. Prey (n) d) an animal that only eats plants
5. Dense (adj) e) to grow or expand suddenly
6. Sanction (n) f) having parts that are close together so that it is difficult to go
or see through
7. Boom (v) g) an animal that is hunted and killed for food by another
animal
8. Livestock (n) h) to care for young animals or children until they are able to
care for themselves
9. carnivore (n) i) an area that an animal lives in, hunts and defends
10. herbivore (n) j) a strong action taken in order to make people obey a law or
rule, or a punishment given when they do not obey
B. While Listening: You are going to listen to 7 excerpts from the same lecture about Bengal Tigers.
Answer the following questions while listening.
PART 1
1. Tigers are...
a. fast.
b. skinny.
c. noisy.
d. tame.
e. herbivores.
PART 2
2. Why do tigers fail to hunt their prey most of the time?
a. Because they wait under leaves of trees and plants.
b. Since they try to bring down only large animals.
c. Because they are mostly active at nights.
d. As it is difficult to find a lot of territory to hunt.
e. Since they need to travel a lot and get tired.
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PART 3
3. Approximately how many kilometers do tigers travel every 24 hours?
a. 5-10 km
b. 15-30 km
c. 10-20 km
d. 50 km
e. 35 km
4. The total number of wild tigers that are now left in the world is estimated at...
a. 95
b. 5500
c. 2001
d. 3750
e. 1500
PART 4
5. Tigers have become endangered because ...
a. they don’t live in dense bushes or forests.
b. farmers hunt them.
c. they hunt livestock such as cows and sheep.
d. forests are being transformed into farmlands.
e. they are threatened by cheetahs.
PART 5
6. People hunt tigers for ...
a. food.
b. health benefits.
c. entertainment.
d. farms.
e. fun.
7. Tigers could become totally extinct because of ...

a. legal restrictions.
b. financial crisis.
c. threats of sanctions.
d. increasing trade.
e. rising incomes.
PART 6
8. Chinese Government’s suggestion involves ...
a. Taking living tigers from zoos.
b. selling only certain parts of tigers.
c. selling dead captive tiger parts.
d. making hunting illegal.
e. making use of wild-tiger parts.
PART 7
9. What is the attitude of the speaker towards reintroducing tigers into Asia?
a. Hopeful
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b. Cautious
c. Neutral
d. Ironic
e. Doubtful
10. According to the speaker, the most effective solution for protecting tigers is...
a. conserving their habitats.
b. collaborating with villagers.
c. rearing tigers in captivity.
d. reintroducing tigers into Asia.
e. encouraging tiger farming.
C. Post-listening
Writing / Speaking
A zoo is a place where animals live in captivity and are put on display for people to view. Some people question
the ethics of the existence of zoos and they believe that animals in zoos should be left to live peacefully in their
natural environment. However, other people think that zoos are useful and necessary for entertainment and
educational purposes. What is your opinion on this issue?
WHILE-LISTENING LESSON 5: Foreign Correspondents

I. Pre-Listening
A. DISCUSSION
1. What are the qualities of a good job in your opinion? Why?
2. What are some interesting jobs that you can think of?
3. What kind of a career would you like to pursue for your professional life?
B. VOCABULARY: Match the words below with their definitions.
1. reputation (n) a. to get (a response, information, etc.) from someone

2. specialise (v) b. the beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or
something
3. region (n) c. a special skill or type of experience or knowledge that makes someone
suitable to do a particular job or activity
4. rumour (n) d. a person who sees something happen and is able to describe it
5. eyewitness (n) e. to limit your business or area of study to one specific subject and spend
most of your time doing it
6. alert (v) f. to warn OR to make (someone) aware of something
7. qualification (n) g. a particular area or part of the world, or any of
the large official areas into which a country is divided:
8. elicit (v) h. information or a story that is passed from person to person but has not
been proven to be true
II. While Listening: You are going to listen to 6 excerpts from the same lecture about Foreign
Correspondents. Answer the following questions while listening.
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PART 1
1. The main purpose of the talk is to...
a. give information about who the foreign correspondents are.
b. explain procedures of becoming a successful correspondent.
c. talk about qualifications needed to be a foreign correspondent.
d. give information about the ways foreign correspondents specialise.
e. give information about foreign correspondents as an interesting job.
PART 2
2. A foreign correspondent is someone who...
a. employs journalists for a newspaper or TV station.
b. reports news from his / her own country.
c. works as a journalist in a local newspaper.
d. works abroad to report news as a journalist.
e. deals with news about all kind of subjects.
3. One way to be a foreign correspondent is to...

A. start writing at a foreign newspaper.
B. work with an experienced journalist.
C. write news stories for big media companies.
D. buy stories from journalists in other countries.
E. begin as a journalist in local newspapers.
4. What does the speaker imply at the end of part 2?

A. There are not many organizations with a lot of foreign correspondents.
B. It is important to work with many organizations to gain experience.
C. There are not many available job positions as a foreign correspondent.
D. It might be useful to have other career plans for foreign correspondents.
E. Only a few organizations with many foreign correspondents exist.
PART 3
5. A stringer is someone who...
A. has a full time job in newspapers.
B. has good reputation among journalists.
C. sells magazines or newspapers.
D. writes about the history of foreign countries.
E. sells stories to magazines or newspapers
6. What can we infer about becoming a foreign correspondent?

A. People need to build up a reputation.
B. It is often not planned beforehand.
C. Experience of working abroad matters.
D. People need to compete with their colleagues.
E. It is easier if you get a job at a big company.
PART 4
7. To become a foreign correspondent, having a degree in modern languages is ...
A. Compulsory
B. Enough
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C. Unexpected
D. Expected
E. Useless
8. The most important qualification necessary to be a foreign correspondent is to...

A. process information accurately and quickly
B. have a very unique style in story writing
C. be physically fit and mentally strong
D. have a master degree in social sciences
E. produce stories which fit the audience’s taste
PART 5
9. The basic skill of journalism is to...
A. know everything related to a specific region
B. be able to find reliable people to get information
C. report information as soon as possible
D. look for information about important subjects
E. learn the techniques of reporting information
PART 6
10. Who makes the actual decision of announcing the political facts?
A. radio stations
B. TV stations
C. the governments
D. foreign correspondents
E. local newspapers
11. What can we infer from governments’ attitude in sharing the news?
A. Governments are very transparent in their actions.
B. People trust what their government shares publicly.
C. There is no involvement of the politicians in the news.
D. Governments are concerned about their public image.
E. Press conferences are the main sources of accurate news.
12. An important point a foreign correspondent must be careful about is that they...
A. shouldn’t rely on only a radio, TV or newspaper
B. should not be an eyewitness
C. should report rumours and gossip immediately
D. have to check information twice
E. shouldn’t trust just one source until they check it
13. What is the tone of the speaker in the last part?

A. Cautious
B. Neutral
C. Informative
D. Optimistic
E. Ironic
III. Post Listening: Watch the video and answer the questions below while listening.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=279&v=aeyQXye6dyw
1. What are the usual duties of a journalist?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the most important part of the job?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What kinds of characteristics that a journalist should have?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What is a disadvantage of the job?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. What do journalists do before publishing any news?
___________________________________________________________________________
UPPER INTERMEDIATE LECTURE READY 3 SUPPLEMENTARY TASKS
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 1: NEW TRENDS IN MARKETING RESEARCH
CHAPTER 1: PRACTICE LECTURE
Fill in the gaps with expressions that signal the topic and the lecture plan below as you listen to 3
different introductions.
a. first, we’ll look at

b. In today’s class, we’ll focus on
c. I’ll give you an overview
d. What I want to discuss today is
e. We’ll start out with
f. then we’ll move on to
g. I’ll be covering two areas
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h. and then look at
Introduction 1
OK. Let’s get started. (1) ____________________________________ the questions—the questions you write
to find out about the attitudes and opinions of your target market. Before you conduct any kind of primary
research—telephone interview, written questionnaire, focus group—you need to prepare questions. Certain
types of questions are best for certain situations. (2) ______________________________ in today’s lecture:
question types—I’ll be explaining different types of questions—and then I’ll discuss what types of questions
work best with each type of research. This will help as you’re preparing questions for your final project.
Introduction 2
(3) _______________________________________ the role of product image in advertising. We’ve talked
about the basic idea that the things people buy add to, and reflect, their self-image. To illustrate this concept,
well, (4) _____________________ the product image created by a few ads. We’ll watch some ads that are
currently running on television. I think you’ll find it quite interesting. And (5) ___________________________
how that product image connects to the target market.
Introduction 3
All right, we’ve been discussing cultural differences in buying behaviors. This morning, (6)
______________________________of the “world brand” concept. Now, I know you read in your textbook that
consumers in different cultures and geographic regions have different needs, and that your product will be more
successful if you adapt it and its advertising to fit each target market. But some companies find that certain
products and the ads for those products do well even though they’re made and marketed in almost the same way
all over the world. These products are called “world brands.” (7) ____________________________ the reasons
marketing experts give for using this approach, the benefits of using this approach, (8)
______________________ a few companies that have been very successful at creating world brands.
Listen to the lecture about neuromarketing and take notes under the headings provided.
WHY DID NEUROMARKETING DEVELOP?
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HOW DOES NEUROMARKETING WORK?
FUTURE: POSSIBILITIES AND CONCERNS
LECTURE READY 3- CHAPTER 1: NEW TRENDS IN MARKETING RESEARCH
1. Which of the following is among the reasons of the development of neuromarketing?

A) Consumers usually make buying decisions rationally.
B) Researchers thought surveys affected people unconsciously.
C) Researchers needed a less scientific method for marketing research.
D) Consumers are unaware of their motivation for many purchases.
2. According to the lecture, which of the following is NOT mentioned as rational reason to buy a product?
A) Performance
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B) Pictures
C) Taste
D) Quality
3. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is used in marketing research because

A) It shows all the activities in the brain when people look at a picture.
B) It shows which part of brain works when people look at a picture.
C) It shows strong feelings in the brain when people look at a picture.
D) It shows only positive feelings when people look at a picture.
4. What does the result of Coca-Cola vs. Pepsi research suggest?

A) People who preferred Coca-Cola had a better self-image.
B) People who preferred Pepsi used the back of their brain.
C) People who preferred Coca-Cola liked the image not the taste.
D) People who preferred Pepsi thought Pepsi affected their self-image.
5. What is the main purpose of the speaker in giving this lecture?

A) To give examples about how neuromarketing works.
B) To inform the listeners’ about neuromarketing.
C) To persuade consumers to be aware of their buying decisions.
D) To raise possible problems neuromarketing might cause.
6. Name ONE of the possible uses of reading brain activity in the future.
7. What is the lecturer’s attitude about the future of neuromarketing?

A) Concerned
B) Approving
C) Critical
D) Pessimistic
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 2: BUSINESS ETHICS
CHAPTER 2: PRACTICE LECTURE 1
Listen and fill in the gaps with the topic vocabulary as you listen.
All right. Uh. Today I’d like to continue our discussion of ethics in the workplace. First, we’re going to look at
the behavior of men and women in the workplace. One common belief is that women are more ethical than
men. Some say that women are more honest and caring by nature, and so they are less likely to commit (1)
_____________ crimes than men.
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But is this really so? Let’s take a look at some statistics. A Canadian study showed that corporations with
three or more women on the board of directors were much more likely to have (2)
_________________________ than companies led only by men. And these companies were also more likely to
(3) ________________ their company’s financial statements. So, it seems that companies that are led by both
men and women set higher ethical standards.
Next, let’s look at some statistics involving corporate crimes. A study done in the U.S. showed that in 2002
women actually committed slightly more crimes that involved stealing from their companies than men did:
5,917 for women compared to 5,898 for men. Between 1993 and 2002, the number of these cases involving
women increased by 80.5 percent. That’s quite a bit. So, it seems that as more women have (4)
____________________________, more women have also started to commit corporate crimes.
OK, so what does all of this mean? Are women just as corrupt as men? Maybe not. If we look at all
corporate (5) _______________ and crimes, men actually commit more crimes than women—they commit
seventy-five percent of all crimes in the workplace. And men steal larger amounts of money. Men steal a
median amount of $185,000, compared with $48,000 for women. So women tend to (6)
________________________________, but they tend to steal over longer periods of time.
OK, uh Now. Let’s move on to some specific cases of corporate corruption involving women. One famous
example is Martha Stewart. But there are many other examples of female (7) _______________________
responsible for corporate crimes . . .
Listen to the lecture about business ethics and take notes under the headings provided.
WHAT DOES BUSINESS ETHICS MEAN?
REASONS FOR CONCERN

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IMPACT OF CORRUPTION
HOW DO ETHICAL WORK ENVIRONMENTS HELP BUSINESS?
HOW TO PROMOTE ETHICS
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 2: BUSINESS ETHICS
1. Who are the stakeholders? Write 3 of them.


91

2. Determining responsible, or ethical, behavior in a business is not easy because

A) attempting to make money in a business is always difficult.
B) a company needs to consider the interests of all the stakeholders.
C) a lot of people are shareholders in a company.
D) business leaders don’t have a conscience at all.
3. Write TWO of the parties that are affected by corruption in a corporate company.


4. What happens when stakeholders question the ethics of a company?

A) Executives do what is best for the company and themselves.
B) Executives try to set good examples for the employees.
C) Companies violate health and safety of the community.
D) People tend to avoid investing money in this company.
5. Which of the following is an outcome of promoting ethics in a company?

A) having more productive employees.
B) attracting richer and better costumers.
C) taking part in business scandals.
D) avoiding irresponsible leaders.
6. Which of the following is not one of the ways of creating a more ethical environment?
A) developing an ethics program for a company.
B) teaching business ethics in business schools.
C) training employees in how to follow code of ethics.
D) surveying employees to evaluate how effectively they work.
7. What is the speaker’s attitude towards teaching business ethics?

A) Tolerant
B) Disapproving
C) Supportive
D) Skeptical
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 3: TRENDS IN MEDIA USE
Listen to the lecture and fill in the gaps with the expressions signaling a generalization below.
92
A This demonstrates...
B So what can we infer from this?
C Let me back this up with a story
D I hope you can see...
Today I’m going to present the results of some recent research on the topic of multitasking. At the University of
Michigan, they recently conducted a study with math problems that shows how true this expression is. They
found that if students had to switch back and forth between different types of math problems, it took them
longer to do them. If they could focus on one type at a time, they could do the problems more quickly. (1)
______________________________ Well, that we’re less efficient when we multitask than when we focus on
one activity at a time.
Um. Another study, at Carnegie Mellon University, monitored the brains of people who were being asked to
perform two tasks at the same time. They thought maybe activity in the different parts of the brain, connected to
the different tasks, would not affect each other, or that both parts would have to work harder. However, what
they found was that both areas worked less efficiently. Less brainpower was being used for two tasks than
would have been used for one task. (2) __________________________, once again, that when we multitask,
we use our brains less efficiently.
Today’s young people are being brought up in a multitasking world. A study of successful companies found that
their employees send and receive a total of 178 messages a day, and get interrupted, on average, three times per
hour. (3) __________________________ that, in this kind of environment, strong multitasking abilities are
vital to success.
So, it’s true. Today’s workplace doesn’t allow much time for concentrating on one task or project. (4)
_____________________________. My friend Dave tries to get to work by 6 a.m. so that he can get in two
hours of concentrated work before his coworkers arrive and the telephone starts ringing and the emails start
arriving. He says this is the only way he has time to focus on important projects each day.
Listen to the lecture about new trends in children’s media use and take notes under the headings
provided.
93
CHANGE IN TRENDS IN MEDIA USE SINCE 1950s
CHILDREN’S OVERALL EXPOSURE AND USE OF MEDIA TODAY
THE NUMBER OF CHILDREN WHO HAVE ACCESS TO MEDIA IN THEIR BEDROOMS
RESULTS OF THE INCREASED MEDIA USE BY CHILDREN
CONCLUSION
LECTURE READY 3- CHAPTER 3- TRENDS IN MEDIA USE
94
1. Which of the types of media below did the people in the US NOT use in the mid-1950s?
a. Movies b. Records
c. DVD d. Print media
2. How do today’s media differ from the media in 1950s? Write two of the differences.
3. According to a 2004 study, how much time does an average child spend a day doing media related
activities?
a. 8.5 hours
b. 5.5 hours
c. 6.5 hours
d. 5 hours
4. According to the lecture, which of the options below describes “multi-tasking”?

a. Using more than one type of media at a time.
b. Concentrating on one task completely.
c. Using lots of computer programs at the same time.
d. Having several meanings.
5. What percentage of children in the U.S. had a VCR or DVD player in their room in 1999?
6. Write TWO possible negative academic consequences of increased media exposure for children.
-
-
7. Write ONE possible positive consequence of multitasking for the children in the future.
8. What is speaker’s attitude towards children’s increasing media use and exposure?
a. Impatient
b. Surprised
c. Confused
d. Neutral
95
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 4: THE CHANGING MUSIC INDUSTRY

Listen and fill in the gaps with the expressions that signal repetition.
Hi, everyone. Today’s focus is going to be on a hot topic connected to copyright law. Today I’m going to talk
about a group who are working to weaken current copyright law. (1) _____________________, they want less
restriction on the ownership of creative work and ideas. They think—and this group of activists includes
lawyers and professors at important universities like Stanford—well, this group believes that copyright laws are
currently too strong and these strong copyright laws make the United States less free and less creative.
Let me give you some background. Copyright was created to encourage innovation — (2)
____________________________, copyright was meant to motivate people to create new things. It gave people
a way to make money from innovation. People who invented something new could earn money by having
others pay them a little bit of money to use or own the creation.
In 1790, copyright protection was 14 years. By 1909, it had increased to 56 years. Copyright protection, and this
is for an individual person, it now lasts at least 70 years after the death of the creator. Why such a large
increase? (3) _____________________, why should the creator of something, or the creator’s estate after he
dies, why should they have control of the work for such a long period of time?
And starting in 1976, in the United States you no longer need to officially register something to have the
copyright on it. (4) _________________________, as soon as you create something, say, write a song or take a
photograph, it’s protected. So now all new ideas and inventions are protected by copyright automatically and far
into the future.
The group of activists I was talking about, they believe our current copyright system is making the U.S.
unfriendly to innovation. (5) ____________________________: they argue that too much protection freezes
innovation.
OK. Now let’s get into some of their reasons and arguments for this position….
96
Listen to the lecture about the changing music industry and take notes under the headings provided.
HOW IS TECHNOLOGY CHANGING THE MUSIC INDUSTRY?
CHANGES IN THE WAYS HOW MUSIC IS RECORDED, PROMOTED AND DISTRIBUTED
LEGAL ISSUES THESE CHANGES CAUSE
HOW TO DEAL WITH THESE LEGAL ISSUES
97
PROTECTING COPYRIGHT
LECTURE READY 3- CHAPTER 4- THE CHANGING MUSIC INDUSTRY
Use your notes to answer the following questions.
1. Name ONE thing that is necessary to create and distribute music?
2. What does the speaker mean by saying “democratization of music industry”?

A) Musicians no longer need a contract to record music.
B) There are a few more recording artists in the market now.
C) Anyone from public can create and distribute music.
D) You don’t have to be a musician to share files online.
3. In the past, sharing music was common among…

A) peers.
B) family and friends.
C) strangers.
D) Internet users.
4. What’s the percentage of the music files traded? ____________________
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an approach to free file sharing?

A) Companies sharing files illegally should not be allowed to operate.
B) Free file sharing promotes free flow of ideas and innovation.
C) There is nothing to do to reduce or stop free file sharing.
D) Companies and artists should not find new ways of sharing music.
6. What is the speaker’s purpose in giving this lecture?

A) To explain how music industry has changed lately.
B) To share his experiences about changes in music industry.
C) To complain about changes in the 21st century music industry.
D) To persuade the listeners to avoid copyright violation.
98
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 5: THE PLACEBO EFFECT
Fill in the gaps with expression that signal causes and effects below as you listen to the lecture.
a. Another reason for this rising use of alternative medicine is

b. One explanation is that
c. So, because of this rising interest in alternative medicine,
d. This trend also may be due to the fact that
e. And it has also led to
Good afternoon, everybody. Well, today we’ll be discussing alternative medicine. This general term refers to all
kinds of medical practices and products that are NOT usually used in conventional medicine, and by
conventional medicine, I mean the standard practices of trained doctors, M.D.s, practices that have been tested
and accepted by the medical community. So, some examples of alternative medicine would be homeopathy,
traditional Chinese medicines, acupuncture, chiropractic medicine, and products like herbal remedies. So that’s
“alternative medicine.”
Now, alternative medicine is becoming very popular in Western countries. In the U.S., use of alternative
medicine rose from 33.8% in 1990 to 42% in 1997. And an Australian study showed that, between 1993 and
2000, Australians spent 62% more on alternative medicines and treatments. And these numbers are still rising.
So, now we have to ask ourselves, Why is there so much interest in alternative medicine? (1)
_____________________________ people are aging. People are living longer these days, and alternative
medicines may be more helpful in dealing with long-term health problems. For example, some people have had
good results using acupuncture to help relieve pain.
(2) _______________________________ people have become more individualistic. They’re better educated
and have access to much more information—especially on the Internet. And they want to make their own
decisions regarding their health care, so they want to explore the possibilities of alternative medicine.
(3) ______________________________________ the immigration of people from non-western cultures.
People from places like Southeast Asia and China bring their traditional forms of medicine with them, which in
the U.S. fall into the category of “alternative.”
99
(4) ________________________________________________, there is now a huge increase in the number of
people practicing alternative medicine. (5) ______________________________ a trend called integrative
medicine, that is, clinics and hospitals offering alternative medicines and treatments along with conventional
medical treatments.
Listen to the lecture about the placebo effect and take notes under the headings provided.
WHAT IS PLACEBO EFFECT?
HOW HAVE PLACEBOS BEEN USED?
SOME POSSIBLE CAUSES FOR PLACEBO EFFECT
SOME STUDIES OF THE PLACEBO EFFECT
100
SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE USE OF PLACEBOS IN TESTING AND TREATMENT OF
ILLNESSES
LECTURE READY 3- CHAPTER 5- THE PLACEBO EFFECT
1. A treatment that does not actively treat a patient’s illness is called ______________ treatment.
A) pills B) therapy C) medical D) sham
2. What improves a person’s health in placebo effect?

A) The surgery he undergoes.
B) The sugar pills he takes.
C) The belief that they take medicine.
D) The medical therapy they take.
3. Which of the following is true about “blind clinical trials”?

A) Volunteer patients are divided into 3 groups.
B) 70% of the volunteers given placebos show improvement.
C) The purpose is to compare the experiences of the volunteers.
D) The researchers don’t know which group is getting the placebo.
4. Which of the following is NOT a cause of placebo effect?

A) Being treated by a doctor is effective.
B) Doctors are unlikely to be effective.
C) The patients expect to get better.
D) In time, the illness improves naturally.
5. In order for a patient to be treated by placebo, the patient should be…

A) optimistic
B) neutral
C) disinterested
D) sympathetic
6. What is the evidence of physiological improvement in the depression study?
7. The question raised at the end of the lecture is….

101
A) Whether doctors should be allowed to prescribe placebo.
B) Whether doctors should be allowed to do clinical trials.
C) Whether doctors should be allowed to be dishonest.
D) Whether doctors should take part in medical debates.
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 6: INTELLIGENT MACHINES
Listen to the lecture about intelligent machines and take notes under the headings provided.
WHAT IS AI (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)?
SOME DIFFERENT APROACHES TO AI
SOME CHALLENGES FACED BY SCIENTISTS WORKING IN THIS FIELD
SOME ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF AI
102
WHAT DO SCIENTISTS HOPE TO ACHIEVE IN THE FUTURE?
LECTURE READY 3- CHAPTER 6- INTELLIGENT MACHINES
Use your notes to answer the questions.
1. When did the researchers begin to work on intelligent machines? _______________________
2. The purpose of Turing Test is to decide whether…

A) a computer has human like intelligence.
B) a computer can do physical activities.
C) a computer can think in a non-human way.
D) a computer can think like a machine.
3. Why haven’t scientists been able to develop a machine that could pass the Turing test?
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a human thinking skill?

A) Use context to understand meaning.
B) Solving problems quickly and easily.
C) Ability to learn and adapt to new situations.
D) Using common sense in decision making.
5. Total Turing test differs from Turing test because…

A) it requires the machine to speak like a human.
B) it tests how long a machine can hold objects.
C) it requires a non-human machine and a judge.
D) it tests physical and visual abilities of the machine as well.
6. Name one of the current uses of robots.
7. What is the lecturer’s attitude towards developing human-like intelligent machines in the future?
A) envious
B) irritated
C) skeptical
D) supportive
103
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 7: SIBLING RELATIONSHIPS

Fill in the gaps using expressions of comparison and contrast as you listen to the lecture.
OK. Next, I’d like to look at some examples of siblings. Let’s start with the case of former U.S. President Bill
Clinton and his younger half-brother, Roger.
OK. So, President Clinton was actually born William Jefferson Blythe in 1946. His real father died in a traffic
accident three months before he was born, so he never knew him. When he was four, his mother married a man
named Roger Clinton, and he adopted Bill and changed the name to Clinton.
So, in 1956, Bill’s brother, Roger Clinton, Jr., was born. Six years later, when Bill was 16, his mother divorced
Roger Clinton and raised the boys by herself. So that’s their history. Now, as they grew up, the boys had similar
childhoods: (1)___________________ grew up in Hope, Arkansas, they were very close to each other and to
their mother, and were both musicians. But the similarities seem to end there.
Take education, for example. Bill was an excellent student. He even got a law degree from Yale University.
Roger, (2)_________________, dropped out of college three times.
Bill entered politics and was well respected in the community. In 1978, he was elected governor of Arkansas.(3)
_____________Bill became a successful politician, Roger began playing in rock bands. He started getting into
trouble with the law, too. And in 1984, he was arrested.
As you all know, Bill continued his successful political career, eventually becoming president, even elected
twice. (4)_______________ Bill, Roger never developed much of a career. He’s held many jobs but has spent
most of his adult life struggling to develop a career as a rock singer.
104
So, what could have caused two siblings to become so different? Well, there are many possible explanations.
Next time, we’ll look at some of the factors that can contribute to sibling disparities such as this.
Listen to the lecture about sibling relationships and take notes under the headings provided.
SIBLINGS-BIRTH ORDER
HOW DO SIBLINGS DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER?

First Borns
Youngest children
Middle born children
105
OTHER FACTORS THAT HAVE AN EFFECT ON SUCCESS
LECTURE READY 3- CHAPTER 7- SIBLING RELATIONSHIPS
1. Write TWO of the common features of middle-born children.


2. According to the lecture, birth weight is considered to be a good predictor for…

A) happiness in family.
B) success at work.
C) educational success.
D) happiness at school.
3. Which of the following is TRUE about birth order?

A) The youngest children are more confident and have better problem solving skills.
B) The oldest and the only children spend more time in the adult environment.
C) The middle child gets more attention from parents as they are born before the youngest child.
D) Birth order is the most important reason for disparities between siblings.
4. Which factor does not contribute to the disparities between siblings?

A) Birth order
B) Genes
C) Hardships in the family
D) The place where the family lives
5. According to the lecture, boys are usually…

A) given less independence.
B) given fewer household chores.
C) criticized by parents more.
D) less favored by fathers.
6. According to the lecture, which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of family size in poor
families?
A) parental time
B) space
C) money
106
D) parental love
7. Write one example of an unexpected hardship in family.
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 8: MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Listen to the lecture and take notes under the headings provided.
INTELLIGENCE
FLUID INTELLIGENCE
CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE
Write 3 pieces of information about fluid and crystallized intelligence in the box using your notes.
FLUID INTELLIGENCE CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE

 
107
 
 
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Listen to the lecture about multiple intelligences and take notes under the headings provided.
HOWARD GARDNER & MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE THEORY
DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE
SOME CRITICISM OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE THEORY
108
IMPACT OF THIS THEORY ON THE FIELD OF EDUCATION
LECTURE READY 3- CHAPTER 8- MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES

1. According to the information you learned from the lecture, write the correct intelligence type for each
occupation below.
1. Writers, poets, lawyers …
2. Pilots, painters …
3. Athletes, surgeons …
4. Teachers, managers …
5. Statistician, economist …
6. Psychologist …
7. Pianists, composers …
2. Linguistic intelligence and logical-mathematical intelligence is different from the other 5 types of intelligence
because…
A) they are traditionally valued in schools.
B) they are rarely tested in IQ tests.
C) they are seldom tested in standardized tests.
D) they correlate to low scores in IQ tests.
3. What can be inferred from the example of a dancer given in the lecture?
A) All different intelligences operate independently.
B) We have the ability to use different intelligences simultaneously.
C) We use all the intelligences to solve problems.
D) All different intelligences are used while dancing.
4. Which of the following is NOT a criticism made against Gardner’s theory?

A) It is impossible to test intelligence according to this theory.
B) It is impossible to know who is more intelligent according to this theory.
C) It is impossible to differentiate talent from intelligence according to this theory.
D) It is impossible to describe talent according to this theory.
109
5. Name TWO of the ways that Gardner’s theory affected teaching.


6. Which of the following is NOT an example of Gardner’s effect on teaching?

A) Using art projects to assess students.
B) Avoiding pencil and paper tests.
C) Using graphs as a part of teaching.
D) Appreciating all kinds of students.
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 9: THE ART OF GRAFFITI
Instructions: Listen and fill in the blanks with one or more words.
Today I’m going to talk about a genre of graffiti. What I mean when I say genre is the type of something. So
the graffiti I’m going to talk about _________________ (1) “New York Style.” This style of graffiti is
connected to the subway graffiti trend that started in the 1970s in New York City, but it _________________
(2) other cities in the United States, and even other countries.
Ok, so these graffiti writers in New York in the 70s usually painted on subway cars while they were parked at
night. They didn’t have permission to paint the cars, so they needed to work quickly. They usually had two
different motivations, or goals, for their work. The first goal was to get up as much as possible. What do I mean
by “get up”? Well, to leave a tag on as many subway cars as possible. The other goal was make something new,
stylistically new, something ____________________________ (3) seen before. This was called “making a
burner” and it was very important. Both goals were important.
So, you can see that these two goals were kind of contradictory, I mean that they kind of worked against each
other. The work couldn’t be too detailed or careful because that would take too much time. But if it was too
basic or the same as other writers, you wouldn’t get any respect from the other writers. So the quality of the
work _________________ (4) according to this…this balance of speed and style.
So, a lot of the graffiti on subway trains was just tags, more about “getting up” than style. And many people
who lived in the city of New York were upset about the graffiti, because most of it was not beautiful, and it felt
out of control. So, in the 1980’s, New York City started an _________________ (5) buffing campaign.
“Buffing” is the slang term for removing graffiti from trains.
110
Now, I’d like to talk about some of the stylistic elements of the New York style of graffiti writing…
Listen to the lecture about the art of graffiti and take notes under the headings provided.
GRAFFITI ART
SOME ISSUES CONNECTED WITH GRAFFITI ART
A GRAFFITI ARTIST: KEITH HARING
111
CONTROVERSY THAT SURROUNDED KEITH HARING’S WORK
LECTURE READY 3- CHAPTER 9- THE ART OF GRAFFITI

1. The word graffiti comes from the Greek word meaning:
A) illicit
B) draw
C) write
D) illegal
2. Some people are opposed to graffiti because they think…

A) it might lead to vandalism.
B) it makes a city look ugly.
C) it appears in public places.
D) it is a different form of art.
3. Keith Haring first loved graffiti because

A) it was created by trained artists.
B) it had important social messages.
C) it was created by talented people.
D) he studied it in art school.
4. What was he influenced by when he decided to create graffiti? ____________________________
5. Haring’s main goal was to create art that was understood by…
A) Andy Warhol.
B) art critics.
C) other artists.
D) the public.
6. Which of the following is true about Haring’s graffiti art?

A) He drew about space, birth and city life.
B) He used semiotics to communicate his ideas.
C) He wanted to break down the boundaries of media.
D) He made chalk drawings on the walls of buildings.
7. Which of the following is not a reason why Haring used symbols in his graffiti work?
112
A) To create new meanings in new contexts.
B) To engage people of different background.
C) To create a new theory of science.
D) To communicate universal ideas.
8. When was his first art gallery show? _______________________
9. What was the attitude of most of the public for Haring’s Pop-Art shop?
A) Offensive
B) Outraged
C) Disinterested
D) Disapproving
10. The tone of the lecture can best be described as

A) informative.
B) admiring.
C) biased.
D) ironic.
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 10: DESIGN BASICS
Instructions: Listen and fill in the blanks with one or more words.
In the textbook we have been reading, the author says and I quote, “color has the power to suggest warmth or
coolness.” Now, there have been many studies on the effects of room color on people’s (1) ___________ of
temperature. The color of a room – research has shown this – really can make a room seem warmer or colder.
So rooms painted warm colors, like red and orange, feel warmer than rooms painted cool colors, like blue or
green.
In…in one study, people in a blue-green room said they felt cold when the actual temperature was 59 degrees –
that’s Fahrenheit, so about 15 degrees Celsius. But people in another room, a room painted reddish-orange, uh,
they said that they felt cold only when the room reached 53 degrees Fahrenheit, or about 11 degrees Celsius.
According to a Norwegian study done in 1976, the temperature difference was a little smaller, but they still
found that people generally felt warmer in a room painted warm colors. So it’s important to (2)
__________________ between color and perceived temperature, especially in areas with very hot or very cold
weather.
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Ok. So many people think white is a great color for home or office interiors-white walls, white furniture.
Research shows, however, that white is actually far from an ideal choice for most (3) ____________. Let me
explain. Frank Mahnke, in Color and Light in Man-made Environments, says that white is a bad choice, because
the contrast between white and highly colored objects can cause eye fatigue, meaning it can make your eyes
tired, and that’s a kind of physical stress. So, if that’s true, then why do people use it so much? Good question.
Why is white so popular? Well, Mahnke says, quote, “white is (4) _________________ a ‘safe’ color, evoking
neither a positive nor (4) a negative reaction.” So, in other words, people who don’t feel confident choosing
colors may end up choosing white to stay ‘safe, to avoid being criticized. They would rather have no reaction
than a bad reaction. (5) ____________, this fear may lead them to make one of the worst possible choices.
Listen to the lecture about design basics and take notes under the headings provided.
COLOR
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND LEARNED RESPONSES TO COLOR
LIGHTNESS AND DARKNESS OF A COLOR
114
COLOR FAMILIES
COLOR HARMONY
LECTURE READY 3 CHAPTER 10 DESIGN BASICS
Use your noted to answer the questions below.
1. We can say that people’s reactions towards different colors are NOT
A) physical.
B) emotional.
C) ıntensive.
D) universal.
2. The color of an environment has a big effect on…

A) temperature.
B) heart rate.
C) stimulation.
D) boredom.
3. “Physiological responses”...
A) differ in different countries.
B) are learned responses.
C) are generally positive.
D) common to all people.
115
4. Culture affects how we associate colors with different things. According to the lecture, which of the
associations below is learned?
A) Boys - Blue
B) Warm - Yellow
C) Restaurant - Red
D) Gray - Boredom
5. In this lecture, the “value” of a color is closest in meaning to the __________ of a color.
A) dramatic effect
B) worth
C) lightness or darkness
D) color family
6. Color harmony means…

A) color families.
B) color scheme.
C) color wheel.
D) color combinations.
7. Which is NOT mentioned as a suggestion to create a pleasing and comfortable room?

A) The nature of the undertones of a color should be identified.
B) The undertones should be mixed with the pure color.
C) The undertones should be similar in the colors of a room.
D) There should be a variety in the undertones in the colors of a room.
116

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 Supplementary Reading Materials

UPPER-INTERMEDIATE READING STRAND SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS

Retrieved from http://topmarksenglish.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Reading-July-13.pdf in 2015

1. Name two benefits of watching TV.

4. Which feeling ends when we turn off TV?

6. What is the main idea in Paragraph F?

7. What do viewers associate viewing TV with?

10. Who is the intended audience in the text?

11. What is the writer’s aim in writing the text?

12. What does “them” refer to in paragraph F, line 4? ___________________________

13. What does “its” refer to in paragraph I, line 6? ____________________________

SUPPLEMENTARY READING 2: ADVERTISING

PRE- READING: Discuss the following questions with a partner.

2. Watch the following Coca-Cola commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdPXQLrueRg

Positive Effects Negative Effects

PART 1: Comprehension Questions

1 Which of the following best reflects the main focus of paragraph 2?

7 In paragraph 7, the main criticism of advertising is that it...

8 According to paragraph 8, ethical codes are necessary in order to...

A. ADVANCEMENTS AND EFFECTS OF NEW MASS MEDIA

Sentence Key Words

Combine the Key Words to make your paraphrased sentences.

Example: Historically, advertisements have played a significant role in our world.

Use this checklist to self-evaluate your summary writing.

Exercise 1: Discuss the following questions in small groups.

1. In your country, at what age are people considered adults?

Lifestyle Changes Now Past

Moving out of your parent’s

Percentage (%) of Births

1. In paragraph 2, what does ‘this’ refer to?

2. Choose a synonym for the word ‘milestones’ (paragraph 2).

Exercise 5: Summary writing task

Data taken from Turkish Statistics Institute

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

The Concepts of TCM

Treatments and Benefits

2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2?

3. The word antiquity in the passage is closest in meaning to

5. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5?

7. The word compounding in the passage is closest in meaning to

9. The word harmonizing in the passage is closest in meaning to

13. The author’s purpose in writing this article is primarily to

Where would the sentence best fit?

UPPER INTERMEDIATE LISTENING TRAINING LESSONS

Listening Training Lesson 1

Strategies that may help

PRACTICE ACTIVITY 1: NOTE TAKING FOR MAIN IDEAS

1. What is the talk mainly about?

2. What is the talk mainly about?

Section 1: What is the main idea of the introduction?

Section 2: What is the main idea of this section?

Section 3: What is the main idea of this section?

PRACTICE ACTIVITY 2: NOTE TAKING FOR MAIN IDEAS

D) Thanks to technology, we can create art much easily.

Listening Training Lesson 2

Identifying specific details involves

Now look at your notes and answer the following questions.

2. What percentage of films shown in Europe are Hollywood films?