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Rigidity Modulous-1

1) The student conducted an experiment to determine the rigidity modulus of a wire sample through dynamic methods. Measurements were taken of the wire's diameter, a cylinder's diameter, and the period of oscillation of the cylinder hanging from the wire. 2) Calculations using the measurements and equations showed the rigidity modulus to be 45.550 N/m, with an error of 7.860x10-5 N/m. 3) Multiple trials were conducted and averages taken to minimize random errors, but some systematic error was still present from measurements and reactions times. Overall, the calculated value matched well with ignoring systematic errors.

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Md Tazrian Tanas
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624 views5 pages

Rigidity Modulous-1

1) The student conducted an experiment to determine the rigidity modulus of a wire sample through dynamic methods. Measurements were taken of the wire's diameter, a cylinder's diameter, and the period of oscillation of the cylinder hanging from the wire. 2) Calculations using the measurements and equations showed the rigidity modulus to be 45.550 N/m, with an error of 7.860x10-5 N/m. 3) Multiple trials were conducted and averages taken to minimize random errors, but some systematic error was still present from measurements and reactions times. Overall, the calculated value matched well with ignoring systematic errors.

Uploaded by

Md Tazrian Tanas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Robotics and Mechatronics

Engineering
University of Dhaka

Lab Report

Course Name: Physics Lab

Course Code: RME 1114

Experiment No: 05

Experiment Name: Determination of the rigidity modulus of the material of a


piece of wire by dynamic method.

Submitted by: Nabuat Aiman Nadim

Roll No: FH-092-014

Submitted to: Golam Dastegir Al-Quaderi,Professor,Department of Physics,

University of Dhaka.

Date of Submission: 27/10/2021


Determination of the rigidity modulus of the material of a piece of wire by
dynamic method.

Abstract:
In this experiment, we determined the rigidity modulus of the material of a piece of a wire by
a dynamic method. The modulus of rigidity is defined as a material property with a value equal
to shear stress divided by the shear strain. Mainly it is a ratio of tangential stress to shear
strain. For conducting the experiment we have to determine the diameter of the wire by using
a screw gauge and the diameter of a cylindrical block using a slide caliper. When the cylinder
oscillates in a torsional oscillation, we measure the period of oscillation and use these
observations in the formula to determine the rigidity modulus of the wire. Our target was to
minimize the random errors. The errors in this experiment were noticeably small.

Theory:
If a heavy body is supported by a vertical wire of length I and radius r, so that the axis of the
wire passes through its centre of gravity (Fig 01) and if the body is turned through an angle
and released. it will execute torsional oscillations about a vertical axis. If at any instant the
angle of twist be 𝜃, the moment of the torsional couple exerted by the wire will be

𝑛𝜋𝑟 4 /2𝑙𝜃 = 𝐶𝜃. . . . . . . . . . . . ( 1)

where 𝐶 = 𝑛𝜋𝑟 4 /2𝑙 = a constant and n is the modulus of rigidity of the material of the wire,
Therefore, the motion is simple harmonic and of fixed period

𝑇 = 2𝜋√𝐼 ÷ 𝐶 ……….(2)

where I is the moment of inertia of the body.

From (1) and (2),

2 2
𝑇 = 4𝜋 𝐼/𝐶
4
= 8𝜋𝐼𝑙/𝑛𝑟
2 4
Or, 𝑛 = 8𝜋𝐼𝑙/ 𝑇 𝑟
Figure: 01

Calculations:

Table for determining diameter of the wire:


No. of Main Scale Reading Circular Scale Total
Value of CSR(mm) Mean (mm)
Obs (mm) Reading Reading(mm)
1 0 61 0.61 0.61
2 0 58 0.58 0.58
0.53±0.067
3 0 52 0.52 0.52
08
4 0 44 0.44 0.44
5 0 50 0.5 0.5

𝑑 = 𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 ⋅ 𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡

Table for determining diameter of the cylinder:


No. of Main Scale Vernier Scale
Total Reading(cm) Mean (cm)
obs Reading(cm) Reading
1 4.9 16 4.98
2 4.9 12 4.96
3 4.9 17 4.985 4.976±0.00961
4 4.9 15 4.975
5 4.9 16 4.98
𝐷 = 𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 ⋅ 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

Table for determining period of oscillation:


No. of
No. of Oscillations Total time Period T(sec) Mean Period T̅(sec)
Obs
1 20 29.46 0.6788866259
2 20 29.07 0.687994496
3 20 28.95 0.6908462867 0.686±0.0046
4 20 29.01 0.6894174423
5 20 29.13 0.6865774116

Moment of Inertia,

Rigidity Modulus,
Error Propagation,

Result:
From the experiment, we calculated the value of rigidity's modulus 45.550 N/m. And the
error in n is 7.860x10-5 N/m. Our calculated value is almost accurate if we ignore the
systematic errors.

Discussion:
The goal of this experiment is to find out the rigidity modulus of the material of the wire. This
Is calculated by counting the period of oscillation of a cylinder block suspended from it and
then equated. In our whole experiment our target was to reduce random errors and manual
mistakes as much as possible. That’s why we tried to take data as precisely as possible. The
oscillation of the spring was checked so carefully whether it oscillates side by side or not
because, side by side oscillation would increase errors in our experiment via system loss. The
oscillations were timed with a stop watch so it introduces reaction error and observational
error.The diameter of the cylinder block needed to be measured through a slide calipers and
the diameter of the wire was measured with a screw gauge. We also needed to find out the
length of the wire with a meter scale. All of these generate error in the measurements
ultimately deviating the final result For this reason the oscillations were taken multiple times
to reduce the error.To make the measurements more accurately multiple sets of data were
taken and performed mean with standard deviation. We took five sets of data to reduce
random errors. The value of the rigidity modulus we got is 45.550 N/m. The error in n is
7.860*10^5 N/m, which is barely noticeable.. So we can make the conclusion that there was
very little systematic error.this error Could be minimized more by performing the experiment
more accurately

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