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Lesson 4

The document discusses input units, the central processing unit (CPU), and primary memory. It provides details on how input units like keyboards, cameras, and barcode readers convert external data into binary for computers. It describes the main components of the CPU including the control unit and arithmetic logic unit. And it explains that primary memory is the computer's volatile storage that loads running applications and interacts with the processor.

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Carlo John Dangalan
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57 views

Lesson 4

The document discusses input units, the central processing unit (CPU), and primary memory. It provides details on how input units like keyboards, cameras, and barcode readers convert external data into binary for computers. It describes the main components of the CPU including the control unit and arithmetic logic unit. And it explains that primary memory is the computer's volatile storage that loads running applications and interacts with the processor.

Uploaded by

Carlo John Dangalan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group 4

Topic:
All about Input unit, Central
Processing Unit (CPU) and Primary
Memory

Leader: Carlo John E. Dangalan


Members: Rene Balintong
Jake Mariñas

Teacher: Sir Marco Espinosa


Input Unit

A computer input unit is any device that converts the outside world into a
computer’s binary data. There are many common input units. Input unit is
generalized term in computer science for any “device” which can be processed.

An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing
you to interact with and control it. The picture shows a Logitech trackball
mouse, which is an example of an input device. The most commonly used or
primary input devices on a computer are the keyboard and mouse. However,
there are other devices that input data into a computer.

 A keyboard converts characters key into ASCII or Unicode.


 A video camera converts light into pixels.
 A bar code reader converts black line widths into numbers.

The opposite of a computer input unit is a computer output unit.

 monitors
 printers
 robotic arms in factories
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

A central processing unit (CPU), the principal part of any digital computer
system is generally composed of the main memory, control unit, and arithmetic-
logic unit. It constitutes the physical heart of the entire computer system to it. It is
also linked in peripheral equipment, including input and output devices and
auxiliary storage units. In modern computers, the CPU is contained on an
integrated circuit chip called microprocessor.

The control unit of the central processing unit regulates and integrates the
operations of the computer. It selects and retrieves instructions from the main
memory in proper sequence and interprets them so as to activate the other
functional elements of the system at the appropriate moment to perform their
respective operations. All input data are transferred via the main memory to the
arithmetic-logic unit for processing, which involves the four basic arithmetic
functions (i.e., addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) and certain logic
operations such as the comparing of data and the selection of the desired
problem-solving procedure or a viable alternative based on predetermined
decision criteria.
Primary Memory

Primary memory is a computer memory that a processor or computer


accesses first or directly. It allows a processor to access running execution
applications and services that are temporarily stored in a specific memory
location.

Primary memory is also known as primary storage or main memory.

Primary memory is a computer system’s volatile storage mechanism. It


may be random access memory (RAM), cache memory or data buses, but it
is primarily associated with RAM.

As soon a computer starts, primary memory loads all running applications,


including the base operating system (OS), user interface and any user-installed
and running software utility. A program/application that is opened in primary
memory interacts with the system processor to perform all application-specific
tasks.

Primary memory is considered faster than secondary memory.

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