Laoag City, Ilocos Norte

Unit II: Technical Documentation

Space Planning
Calculations
Specifications
Quantity Survey and Cost Estimates
Building Permit

In building system design, you are bound to do some documentation.

You may perhaps explore the building system design. Here are some of the
links that you can view on line.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDZisYwxguI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ed-DkdMgXuU

Space planning is a fundamental element of the interior design process. It starts with an in-
depth analysis of how the space is to be used. The designer then draws up a plan that defines
the zones of the space and the activities that will take place in those zones. The space plan will
also define the circulation patterns that show how people will move through the space. The
plan is finished by adding details of all the furniture, equipment and hardware placement.

13 Points to consider when deciding how to layout your room

 Think about the structure of the room, what are the main focal points? These could be windows,
fireplaces, doors or built in units. Are they balanced in the room? If not, think about what you
can add to the space to help balance the structure of the space. Remember that the human eye
is drawn to focal points, and will scan a space when entering it.
 Perception of space is based on body size. Different size spaces suit different size people.

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 Think about the space in terms of volume, eg: if it were a fish bowl, if you add in a sofa,
chandelier, sculptures, bookshelves, table, coffee table etc, you displace some of the water.
Ensure that you don’t overfill the space.
 Aim to create both a prospect and a refuge in each room so you can feel enclosed, but also
have a view beyond to the outside or natural world.

 Plan your furniture with a scale drawing of your room or cut paper shapes to size and place
them in the room to work out the best possible arrangement of furniture and accessories.
 Ensure that the circulation passageway through a room follows an easy and economic
pathway from the door to all the other main activity areas.
 Clutter closes down space, so edit your clutter to avoid blocking both circulation and
reducing the perceived size of a room.
 In large or long spaces, subdivide different activity zones to give definition to each part of the
room.
 When planning decoration and lighting, work with the principles that vertical lines draw our
eyes up and horizontal lines draw them across to extend or reduce the proportions of a room.
 Wallpaper with a square grid or tiling a room in squares will give the impression that it is
bigger than it is – the smaller the grid, the larger the room appears.
 Borrow space from outside by ensuring an uninterrupted view of the outside world. You can
also ‘borrow’ space from adjoining rooms by using the same flooring materials.
 When furnishing small rooms, blur the edges of the room to break up the lines between floor
and walls; draw furniture a little way away from the walls; buy furniture in proportion to the
room; choose furniture with legs to give the illusion of more space.
 Disguise oversized sofas by breaking up their upholstered surface with a different colored or
textured runner or folded throw.
How to create a Space Plan

The Bubble Plan

The way that I like to start a space plan is by roughly drawing out a map of the space and
creating a bubble plan. A bubble plan is a simple diagram that will show you what activities
take place in the space and the relationship between these activities.

For example, in an open plan living area, you might have 3 or more bubbles, 1 showing the
kitchen, the other showing the dining area and another showing the living area. Using bubbles

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will help you to define these spaces. When you are clear about where the activities are going
to happen in the space then you can move on to creating a scale plan.

A Bubble Plan

A detailed Scale Plan

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Open Space
Occupancy
A Dwellings
B Hotels, Apartments, Dormitories
C Classrooms, Conference Rooms, Exhibit Rooms, Gymnasia, School
Shops, Vocational Institutions, Laboratories
D Hospitals, Sanitaria, Nursing Homes, Homes for the Aged, Nurseries
for Children
E Stores, Offices, Aircraft Hangars, Parking Garages, Dining
Establishments, Kitchens(Commercial)
F Warehouses, Mechanical Equipment Rooms
G Garages
H Auditoriums, Theaters, Churches and Chapels, Dance Floors,
Reviewing Stands, Stadia

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Specifications
A specification often refers to a set of documented requirements to be satisfied
by a material, design, product, or service. A specification is often a type
of technical standard.
There are different types of technical or engineering specifications (specs), and
the term is used differently in different technical contexts. They often refer to
particular documents, and/or particular information within them. The
word specification is broadly defined as "to state explicitly or in detail" or "to be
specific".
A requirement specification is a documented requirement, or set of documented
requirements, to be satisfied by a given material, design, product, service, etc. It
is a common early part of engineering design and product
development processes, in many fields.
A functional specification is a kind of requirement specification, and may show
functional block diagrams.
A design or product specification describes the features of the solutions for the
Requirement Specification, referring to either a designed solution or final
produced solution. It is often used to guide fabrication/production. Sometimes the
term specification is here used in connection with a data sheet (or spec sheet),
which may be confusing. A data sheet describes the technical characteristics of
an item or product, often published by a manufacturer to help people choose or
use the products. A data sheet is not a technical specification in the sense of
informing how to produce.
Specifications are a type of technical standard that may be developed by any of
various kinds of organizations, both public and private. Example organization
types include a corporation, a consortium (a small group of corporations), a trade
association (an industry-wide group of corporations), a national government
(including its military, regulatory agencies, and national laboratories and
institutes), a professional association (society), a purpose-made standards
organization such as ISO, or vendor-neutral developed generic requirements. It is
common for one organization to refer to (reference, call out, cite) the standards
of another. Voluntary standards may become mandatory if adopted by a
government or business contract.

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Quantity Surveyor (QS) is a construction industry professional with expert

knowledge on construction costs and contracts.
Quantity surveyors are responsible for managing all aspects of the contractual
and financial side of construction projects. They help to ensure that the
construction project is completed within its projected budget. Quantity surveyors
are also hired by contractors to help with the valuation of construction work for
the contractor, help with bidding and project budgeting, and the submission of
bills to the client.
Duties
The duties of quantity surveyor are as follows:

• Cost estimate, cost planning and cost management

• Tender management including preparation of bills of quantities, contract
conditions and assembly of tender documents
• Contract management and contractual advice
• Valuation of construction work
• Claims and dispute management

Building permits

(a) Any person, firm, or corporation, including any department, office,

bureau, agency of instrumentality of the government intending to
construct, alter, repair, move, convert or demolish any building or
structure, or cause the same to be done, shall obtain a building permit
from the Building Official for whichever of such work is proposed to be
undertaken for the building or structure, before any such work is started.

(b) Appropriate rules and regulations shall be set by the Secretary

concerning:

(1) Forms for application for building permits;

(2) Procedures to be observed in securing such permits;
(3) Procedures to be observed in the issuance, suspension, and
revocation of such building permits; and
(4) Type, nature, and scope of plans and specifications, and other
requisite documents, which shall be prepared and designed by a

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licensed architect or engineer.

(c) When authorized by the Building Official in accordance with the provisions
of this Code, plans and specifications need not be submitted for the
following:

(1) Group A traditional indigenous type of dwelling construction

costing not more than three thousand pesos (P3,000.00); and

(2) Group J Division 1 Occupancy of Type 1 conventional wood

frame construction or of the traditional indigenous type of
construction costing not more than three thousand pesos
(P3,000.00).

(d) The applicant for a building permit for private buildings or structures after
having complied with all the requirements prescribed therefor in accordance
with the provisions of this Code, shall be issued a building permit within
fifteen (15) days from the date of payment of the permit fee for Groups A and
J Occupancies and within thirty (30) days from the date of payment of the
permit fee for other Group Occupancies, unless the Building Official or his
Deputy authorized to issue the permit shall inform the applicant in writing
why the permit should not be issued, and shall indicate thereon the particular
provisions of the Code violated by the applicant or the particular requirements
not complied with. Within fifteen (15) days from the date of receipt by the
applicant of advice from the Building Official or his Deputy authorized to issue
the permit why the building permit should not be issued, or why the building
permit is suspended or revoked, the applicant may appeal the non-issuance,
suspension, or revocation thereof, to the Mayor of the chartered city or
municipality, or the Governor of the province where the building or structure
for which the permit is being applied for is located. Said appeal shall be
decided within fifteen (15) days from receipt thereof, otherwise, the applicant
may bring the matter to the proper Court of Justice for final disposition.

(e) All public buildings shall conform to the provisions of this Code and the
Building Official of the city or province where the public building is located
shall issue the building permit therefor, stating in writing that such public
building conforms to the requirements of the Code. For national public
buildings, the Secretary of Public Works and Communications shall issue a
certification that such a building conforms to the Code. Public buildings shall

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be exempt from payment of building permit, inspection, another fees.

Fees

(a) Regulations on building permit, inspection and other fees, and for
compliance with the same shall be covered by city and municipal ordinances:
Provided, That Traditional indigenous family dwellings under Section 1.01.04
(d) shall be exempt from payment of building permit fees.

Inspection ad Certificates of Occupancy

(a) Inspection. The duly licensed architect or engineer engaged by the owner
to undertake inspection and detailed supervision of the construction shall
periodically certify that the construction conforms to the plans and
specifications submitted in the application for a building permit. Upon
submission of such periodic certifications during the progress of construction,
the Building Official shall periodically issue the required authority to continue
with the subsequent phases of construction, without prejudice to his right to
conduct on his own initiative any inspection of the said construction. Upon
completion of the construction, the said duly licensed architect or engineer
shall submit to the Building Official the final certification that the building
conforms to the provisions of the Code and with the detailed plans and
Specifications submitted.

(b) Certificates of Occupancy. The proper Certificate of Occupancy shall be

issued to the applicant within seven (7) days from completion of the
requirements for inspection and occupancy and payment of any and all fees
therefor, unless the building Official or his Deputy issuing the Certificate shall
show cause in writing why the Certificate should not be issued and shall
indicate thereon the particular provisions of the Code violated or the
particular requirements not complied with. Within fifteen (15) days from
receipt by the applicant of the advice from Building Official or his Deputy
authorized to issue the certificate why the certificate should not be issued, or
why the certificate is suspended or revoked, the applicant may appeal the
non-issuance, suspension, or revocation thereof, to the Mayor of the chartered
city or municipality, or the Governor of the province where the building for
which the certificate is being applied for is located. Said appeal shall be
decided within fifteen (15) days from receipts thereof, otherwise, the applicant
may bring the matter to the proper Court of Justice for final disposition. The

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building may be occupied only upon issuance of the Certificate of Occupancy.

For further elaboration, here is an example.

Example1. A residential house is to be constructed on a lot as shown. The
setbacks are 3m in front, and 2m on the three side. Is it possible to
construct 1-storey residence for the following space requirements?
1-Living Room 4m x 4m
1-Dining Room 3m x 3m
1-Kichen 2m x 3m
1-Toilet and Bath 1.5m x 2.5m
2-Bedroom 3m x 3m
1-Masters Bedroom with T&B 4m x 5.5m
1-Carport 3m x 5m
1-Porch 2m x 3m

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Solution.
Area requirements in sq. m
1-Livin Room 4m x 4m 16 sq. m
1-Dining Room 3m x 3m 9 sq. m
1-Kitchen 2m x 3m 6 sq. m
1-Toilet and Bath 1.5m x 2.5m 3.75 sq. m
2-Bedroom 3m x 3m 9 sq. m
1-Master Bedroom 4m x 5.5m 22 sq. m
1-Carport 3m x 5m 15 sq. m
1-Porch 2m x 3m 6 sq. m
Total Area 86.75 sq. m

Space provided by the lot including setbacks and open area.

For Corner lot under category occupancy A the open area is 10% of the lot area.
Open Area = 10%(18m)(16m) = 28.8 sq. m
For set backs = 3(18) + 2(18) + 2(2)(16-5) = 134 sq. m > 28.8 sq. m
Therefore, Open Area = 134 sq. m
Buildable Area = 18(16) – 134 sq. m = 154 sq. m > 86.75 sq. m
Therefore, 1-storey residence is quite enough to construct since the space of
buildable area is greater than the space requirement.

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