Volume 7, Issue 8, August – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

A Comparative Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms:

AES & RSA and Hybrid Algorithm for
Encryption and Decryption
Sa’idu Sani
M.Tech (CSE) Student 4th Semester
Dept. of Computer Science and Eng.
AP Goyal University, Shimla, India

Prashansa Taneja Shreya Kalta

Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Dept. of Computer Science and Eng. Dept. of Computer Sc. & Eng.
AP Goyal University, Shimla, India AP Goyal University, Shimla, India

Abstract:- Cryptography was provided to secure I. INTRODUCTION

communication between two parties known as sender and
receiver in the appearance of unassigned user known as Due to the emergence of the phone network, online
attackers with the process called encryption. The process of documents have attracted the interest of people, due to the
changing the plaint text uses an algorithm and a key to modification and also transferring from one point to another,
convert a plaintext into another format. The used procedure therefore they become common. Still there exist more security
transforms the same plaintext into the same cipher text if accident for data in the electronic devices, which include
the same process followed. The objective of this research is defending on software in file protection, scarcity in data
to propose an improved cryptographic algorithm that protection, and unwantedattacking of data that has change the
would combined the two different algorithms to encrypt format. The more the important part of information is seen by
and decrypt file using more than one key. It will also analyze the unwanted user, it will lead to the serious security threat to
the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity provided by people, organization and nation security. The research paper
cryptography on a network by examining some selected concerned mainly on the analysis of AES as one of the
algorithm such as data encryption standard (DES), blowfish symmetric algorithm and the, RSA algorithm as one the
encryption algorithm, RSA encryption algorithm and asymmetric algorithm. Many scholars have regarded the
advance encryption standard (AES) algorithms as they are research as a very important topic. Some scientist consider the
among the most useful algorithms today. The research uses of RSA for file encryption, and observed that only small
examines cryptographic algorithms using secondary data files can be encrypted with RSA [1] . beside that the technique
obtained from related journals and conference papers. The makes RSA use strong key management advantage, but the
study result shows that the proposed system improved the problem of securing large files were not achieved because of
maximum accuracy required due to the increases in the the limited speed in RSA technique is not appropriate[2].
security level as it uses more than one key for encryption “cipher text misappropriation” of the AES technique to promote
and decryption. the file encryption to resolve inappropriate combining data to
be processed, although the level of security in AES technique
Keywords:- Encryption, Decryption, Security, Plaintext, did not consider, the that may be attacked based on some
Ciphertext, Algorithm, Secret Key,Cryptographic Algorithm. criteria[3]. But the AES and the RSA techniques were been
widely applied in the field of cryptosystem, still there may be
some inconsistency in the security level of protection and
protection efficiency. The research is, considering make full
advantage of the AES encryption speed, high security, and
strong key management properties of RSA, propose a
combination of AES and RSA encryption algorithms, and apply
it to file encryption[4]. The experiment, java programming
language (Eclipses IDE) was used to implement the algorithm;
the proposed algorithm consider the advantages ofverifying the
performance of encrypted files. The figure below illustrates the
encryption and decryption process.

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Volume 7, Issue 8, August – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 1: Encryption and Decryption Process

II. RELATED LITERATURE B.E.H.H. Hamouda, Different cryptography methods are

compared. In response to the increasingpossibility of assaults
Thapar, S.S. and H. Sarangal. In their article “A study of against DES, the National Institute of Standards and
data threats and the role of cryptography algorithms”, At The Technology (NIST) issued a request for proposals for an
9th Annual Conference on Information Technology, official successor that meets 21st-century security
Electronics, and Mobile Communication, Many feature requirements.
combine to throw network security to the top issues in the
organization and face IT professional daily. The number one S. Koko and A. Babiker We compare the measured
driver of worry about network security nowadays is the encryption speed to several methods includedin Sun's JDK as
decentralization of company operations and the rise of standard, and then provide a summary of the algorithms' other
computer networks' correspondence. As far as security concern, characteristics[8].AES is one of the encryption methods that is
many organization networks are accidently waiting to occur, taken into consideration here (with 128 and 256-bit keys)
such accident will occur is impossible to predict but security
breaches will occur. When organization network security S. Sharma and Y. Gupta, “Study on Cryptography and
chooses is 100% involve cryptography technology[5]. Techniques,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci.Eng. Inf. Technol. ©
2017 IJSRCSEIT, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 2456–3307, 201, RSA stands
According to Thakur, J. and N. Kumar, in their study for Rivest Shamir and Adleman name of three inventors. RSA
"DES, AES, and Blowfish: Simulation- Based Performance is one of the first practical public- key cryptosystems and is
Analysis of Symmetric Key Cryptography Algorithms”. The widely used for secure data transmission[9]. The encryption key
main categories of cryptography depending on the kind of is public unlike the decryption key, which is kept secret in such
security applied to encrypt and decrypt the data[6]. These two a cryptosystem. The factoring problem, which is the practical
groups include asymmetric and symmetric encryption difficulty of factoring the product of two large prime integers,
algorithms. is premised on this imbalance in RSA. RSA stands for Ron
Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman, who first publicly
In the article “Comparative analysis of cryptographic announced the approach in 1977.. [10].
algorithms” by Hercigonja, Z. Asymmetric cryptography
includes RSA, that is asymmetric key cryptographic III. METHODOLOGY
techniques. Keys in asymmetry are achieved by multiplying
two huge prime numbers together. Messages encryptedin a Research is the process to collect knowledge about the given
reasonable amount of time, the public key can be decrypted topic. Research can be described as the process of investigation.
with the private key. To produce public and private keys, In conducting research one came make his paper more
modulus and exponent procedures are used[7]. The RSA meaningful and reliable.
cryptosystem's security is built on factoring huge numbers and
calculating the eth root modulus of a compositen, then finding Using a good research procedure or research methods for
a value m such that C=me(mod n), where (n,e) is the public key a particular research, the possibility of incorrectness may be
and C is the cypher text. less. The chart below describes step by step used in research.
Topic was firstly chosen and data was collected related to the

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Volume 7, Issue 8, August – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
topic from past research work. Then analysis was done on the Java programming language (Eclipses IDE) was used
research problems given by other authors. After the analyzing for the implementation of the proposed algorithm. The
the problems of the previous research then modified hybrid algorithm below was followed for conducting this research.
algorithm was proposed and find out the solution.

Fig 2: Flowchart of Proposed Methodology

The key research methodologies employed for the AES: - NIST announced the Advanced Encryption Standard
research endeavor are qualitative and quantitative research algorithm in 2001. AES is one of the symmetric cypher
methodologies. Following the use of both approaches result algorithms which were created in order to take the role of DES.
will be highlighted in detail and conclusion of my research Following this, AES's security process and security strength are
described. on par with 3DES, with much enhanced accuracy. The Rijndael
that was proposed for AES established an encryption that the
block and the key lengths are set to 128,192, or 256 bits,
respectively. The AES specification makes use of the same
algorithm. three key size options as DES specification
However, the block size is limited to 128 bits.. In the AES
structure “A” stand for add round as illustrated in the figure
below.

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Volume 7, Issue 8, August – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 3: Structure of AES algorithm

Asymmetric encryption algorithm: In this type of algorithm The proposed algorithm combined the features of
two keys are used that is private and public key. The public key symmetric key encryption (AES) and asymmetric key
is used to encrypt the data, while to decode it, a private key is encryption(RSA) to overcome the problem of key management
used. However, the fundamental drawback of public key in AES and hightime taken of RSA due to the high key length
encryption is that it relies on mathematical functions. Because respectively.
asymmetric encryption techniques demand more computational
processing capacity than symmetric encryption approaches, It employs a variety of applications in order to get
they are much slower. When using an asymmetric algorithm accurate result. The AES key algorithm is used to encrypt and
we will take a look at RSA algorithm as it is the most decode data. AES -Key generated cipher text will be encrypted
commonasymmetric algorithm using RSA key algorithm, which ensures the data integrity,
authentication and non-repudiation will besaved.
RSA: RSA algorithm was developed by Leonard Adleman,
Ron Rivest, and Adi Shamir It was first created in 1977. It is Proposed hybrid encryption technique follows the
widely used in a variety of applications, such as web browsers. following steps:
It's an asymmetric key security algorithm that's very similar to
DES. It's a patented algorithm. The RSAalgorithm employs two Encryption:
distinct keys, one for encryption and the other for decryption.  Provide AES key
The publicand private keys are the two types of keys.  Provide RSA public key
 Provide RSA private
IV. PROPOSED WORK  Get the data to be encrypted
 Data encrypt using AES key
The application of many different cryptography  Encrypt AES key generated cipher text using RSA public
techniques can provide a mechanism for the solution to more key
deficiencies that are happening in a security cryptographic
system whichinclude: Decryption
1. Key encryption management guarantees that all security  Verify signature using RSA public key
objectives are met.  Decrypt AES key generated cipher text using RSA private
2. To develop a secure communication application that allows key
users to share information and dataover the Internet.
 Decrypt data using AES key
3. Since people are transferring a lot of data, there should have
 Get the original data encrypted
been a cryptographic technique created that was examined,
tested, and reliable.

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Volume 7, Issue 8, August – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
The structure of the proposed algorithm is shown below

Fig 4: Proposed algorithm structure

The above figure illustrated in detail on how the V. RESULT ANALYSIS

proposed algorithm encrypt and decrypt fileusing different
steps to ensure maximum security of file. The analysis section of this research uses Java
Programming Language (ECLIPSE IDE) to realize and
The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm would be compile algorithm using Windows 10 operating system. All
measured base on time. Accuracy can only be determine if type of file can be encrypted weather text file, image file, video
ensure that the particular file size encrypted can be decrypted file etc with different size.
successfully without missing any part of it. When the above
condition was achieved then the algorithm provided high The proposed algorithm requires AES and RSA Keys to
accuracy required due to security level and less time taken. encrypt and decrypt any size of file. The system requires the
user to import the file that is needed to be encrypted and
decrypted from any location in the computer. After importing
the file the user will set the encrypted file name with .enc
extension in the space provided as shown in the figure below.

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Volume 7, Issue 8, August – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
When the file selected for encryption was successfully
encrypted using the provided keys and save in the project
folder, it will be decrypted using the below code when the need
for decryptionarisen. For the file to be decrypted the keys must
be used and the file should be selected from theproject folder
since it was automatically saved there.

The table below shows the result of files encrypted using

AES, RSA and proposed algorithm with different size and
format; the result analysis was based on the time parameter to
determine the speed of the proposed algorithm

Table 1: Encryption time of AES, RSA and Proposed

algorithm
S/NO. File Size/mb AES RSA Proposed
Encryption Encryption Algorithm
Time/ms Time/ms Encryption
Time/ms
1 25kb 550 560[11] 94
2 50kb 600 800[11] 104
3 1mb 610 1400[11] 269
Fig 5: layout and some component added

Fig 6: 25kb file Encryption function called and was successful

Fig 9: encryption time for AES, RSA and proposed algorithm

Table 2: Decryption time of AES, RSA and Proposed

Fig 7: 50kb file Encryption function called and was successful algorithm
S/NO. File Size/mb AES RSA Proposed
Decryption Decryption Algorithm
Time/ms Time/ms Decryption
Time/ms
1 25kb 370 320 78
2 50kb 600 580 154
3 1mb 600 850 267

Fig 8: 1mb file Encryption function called and was successful

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Volume 7, Issue 8, August – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
In this research Symmetric and Asymmetric encryption
algorithms have been analyzed. According to the study each
algorithm has its own benefits to different needs. Shortly,
Asymmetric Encryption provides better security but cannot be
able handle large file. AES, on the other hand, is fast and
feasible to use but it has key management problem.

Symmetric Encryption provides better speed than that of

public key encryption. Strength of each algorithm depends upon
Fig 10: 25kb decryption time/ms key management, key size, type of cryptography, number of
keys etc.

The result of the analysis in encryption of RSA algorithm

shows that it has higher security level but only handle small file
size and a lot of time and power, the AES algorithm can handle
large size of file but have key management problem, and
therefore it is less secured.

When considering the security level of the proposed

Fig 11: 50kb decryption time/ms encryption algorithm, it is very secured due to the double key
used for encryption and decryption and it can handle large
volume of data in a very limited time and less power
consumption Compared to that of RSA algorithm, therefor
possibility to maximum accuracy is higher in the proposed
algorithm compared to that of AES and that of RSA algorithms.

VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

The technique of file encryption and decryption using only

RSA algorithm is somewhat involved some difficulties since
Fig 12: 1mb decryption time/ms RSA encryption has a very low limit of data due the high power
consumption during encryption and decryption. To over the
above problems and enable us to encrypt larger quantities of
data, we need to use one of the symmetric type of algorithm
such as AES for encryption and asymmetric type of algorithm
such as RSA for encrypting the AES encrypted file. The new
algorithm that combined the features of two algorithms has
solved the problem of key movement in a symmetric encryption
algorithm and the problem of high power consumption of
asymmetric encryption algorithm.

The research is able to encrypt and decrypt the particular

size of file successfully and obtain the time elapse for
encryption and decryption. There may still have some
deficiencies in the study, such as the When the double key is
Fig 13: Decryption time for AES, RSA and proposed cracked, data tampering and forgery become possible, which
algorithm will be the subject of future research.

Note:

AES stand for AES Encryption time/ms RSA stand for RSA
encryption time/ms
PRA stand for Proposed algorithm encryption time/ms

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Volume 7, Issue 8, August – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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