3

Whole Numbers

NATURAL NUMBERs We are alrcady familar with the counting numbers 1, 2, 3,4, 5,6, eW
Counting numbers are called natural numbers,
WHOLE NUMBERS All natural numbers together wlth 'O are called whole numbers,

Thus 0, 1. 2, 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, are whole numbers

not a
natural number is whole number but 0 is a whole number which 1s
Clearly, every a
natural number.
the neXt wole
SUCCESSOR OF A WHOLE NUMBER If we add 1 to a whole number, we get
number, called its successor.
Thus. the successor of 0 is 1, the successor of 1 1s 2, the successor of 12 is 13, and s50 On

Every whole number has its successor.

PREDECESsOR OF A WHOLE NUMBER One less than whole number (other than 0), 1s
glven
called its predecessor.
10 is 9, and so on.
Thus, the predecessor of 1 is 0, the predecessor of 2 is 1, the predecessor of
The whole number 0 does not have its predecessor.
Every whole number other than 0 has its predecessor.

EXAMPLE Write the successor and predecessor of

(101000 (E1) 1005399 (EL) 999999

Solution ) The successor of 1000 =(1000 +1)= 1001

(1000-1)=999.
Thepredecessor of 1000
=

The successor of 1005399 1005400

(1005399 +1) =
(11) =

Thepredecessor of 1005399= (1005399-1)= 1005398

The successor of 999999 = (999999 +1) = 1000000
(111)
The predecessor of 999999 = (999999- 1) = 999998.

EXERCISE 3A

1. Write the next three whole numbers after 30999.

2. Write the three whole numbers occurring just before 10001.

3. How many whole numbers are there between 1032 and 1209?
4. Which is the smallest whole number?
5. Write the successor of:
() 2540801 (11) 9999 (111) 50904 (iv) 61639
(v) 687890 (v1) 5386700 (v11) 6475999 (vi1) 9999999

45
 Class 6
Mathematies
for
(iv) 7 6 8 4 3 2 0

(vitl) 1000000

(i1) 36900
6. Write the predecessor of
(1) 10000 (vil) 1 0 0 0 0 0

97 7 5 1 0 0 0 1 .

(vi) 2 4 5 6 8 0 0 preceding
(v) 1566391 just ments:
numbers
stateme
whole following
7. Write down three consecut ofthe
each
gainst
8. Write (T) for true and
number.
Z e r o is the smallest natural
number.
(11) Zero is the smallest whole
natural number
(11) Bvery whole number is a
whole number:
av Every natural number is a
(v) 1 is the smallest whole number.
(vi) The natural number 1 has no predecessor
(vii) The whole number 1 has no predecessor
(viii) The whole number 0 has no predecessor
a single-digU n i
number is never
ne predecessor of a two-digit a two-digit niD
number is always
aThesuccessor of a two-digit
(xi) 500 is the predecessor of 499.
(xil) 7000 is the successor of 6999.

OPERATIONS ON WHOLE NUMBERS

we are already familiar with the four basic operations of addition, subtraction, muliplication
and division on whole numbers. Now, we shali study the properties of these operations on whole
numbersS.

PROPERTIES OF ADDITION
0)CLOSURE PROPERTY If a and b are any two whole numbers, then (a +b) is also a
whole number.
Let us take some pairs of whole numbers and add
them. Check whether the sum is a whole
number.

One
Another Sum
whole number Is the sum a
whole number whole number?
11
9+11 20 Yes
28
53 14+28 42 Yes
40
Thus, we conclude that the sum of 53+40= 93
Yes
any two whole numbers is a
whole number.
(i) cOMMUTATIVE LAW
fa and b are any tw0 whole
numbers, then
Take a pair of whole (a+ b) (b+ a).
remains the same.
numberS. Add them in two
Repeat it with more pairs. different orders and
see whether
EXAMPLES the sum
(1)
(8+11=19) and (11+8 =
19)
Is(8+11)=(11+8)? Yes.
(11) (12 +23 35) and
=
(23 +12 35)
Is (12 +23)
(23 +12)?
=
Yes.
Thus, we conclude that in whatever order
the samne. we add
two whole
numbers, the sum
remains
 Whole Numbers

PROPERTY OF ZERO Ifa is any whole number, then

(i) ADDITIVE a+0 0 + a = a.

EXAMPLES We have
(1) 235+0 235 and 0+235 =235.
(ii) 479 +0 479 and 0+479 = 479.

For any whole numbers a, b, c we always have 0

(iv) ASSOCIATIVE LAW
(a+b)+c=a+(b+ c).

EXAMPLE 1. Let us take three whole numbers, say 9, 12 and 15. Then,
(9+12)+15 21 +15 36.
And, 9+(12 +15) = 9+27 36.
( 9 + 1 2 ) +15 = 9 +(12 +15). of
each case we shall find that in addition
We may take some more examples and in
whole numbers, associative law always holds.
such a way that the
While adding three or more numbers, we group them in
REMARK
them suitably and add.
calculation becomes easier. We arrange

EXAMPLE 2. Find the sum of 645, 287 and 413.

Solution We have:
645 +287+ 413 =645 +(287+ 413)
= (645 + 700) =1345.

EXAMPLE 3. Find the sum by suitable rearrangement:

(i) 847+306+ 453 (ii) 1852 +653 +1648 +547

Solution We have
(i) 847+ 306+ 453 =
(847 + 453) +306
(1300+306) = 1606.

(ii) 1852 +653 +1648 +547 (1852 +1648) +(653 +547)

(3500+1200) = 4700.

EXAMPLE 4. Find the sum:

(i) 3678 +999 (ti) 34876 +9999 0

Solution We have:
(1) 3678+999 3678 + (1000-1)
= (3678 +1000) -1 = (4678-1) = 4677.

(ii) 34876 +9999 = 34876 + (10000-1)

= (34876+10000)-1 =(44876-1)= 44875.

MAGIC SQUARE A magic square is a n arrangement of dËfferent numbers in the form of a

square such that the

sum of the numbers in every horizontal line, every vertical line and every
diagonal line is the same.

One magic square is shown here.

It may be noted that:

Rowwise sum =
(9+2 +7) =
(4 +6 +8) =
(5 +10 +3) = 18. 9 2 7
Columnwise sum = (9 +4 +5) = (2 +6 +10) = (7 +8 +3) = 18. 4 6 8
Diagonalwise sum =
(9 +6 +3) =
(7 +6 +5) =
18. 5 10 3
 6
Class

Mathematics for

EXERCISE 3 B statement:
+8.
48 true 2006

a
following +2006

o ft h e
0 5 5
864

blanks to make each

(1) +0=
1. Fll in the 8 0 6 3

addends:
639 +2 iv)
(1) 4 5 8 + 6 3 9 (ii1) o
the
19753+2867
f
984 +1946 order

(iii) 1946 + 0 = +(53501 +2. the

+ (574+
799)= 574 r e v e r s i n g

(v) 53501 by
numbers and check 548
2. Add the following 2359 +
(11)
114
(1) 16509 +

sum: (1546 +498) +3589.

3. Find the +3589).
1546 +(498
Also, find the
sum:

Are the two sums equal? r e a r r a n g e m e n t .

satisfied. suitable 353

State the property using +217
+
below +647 9999
given +
Determine each of the sums
(i1)
1983
+
2641
10001

707 +647 3259+ +47+48

(1) 953 +
(iv) + 45 + 46
(iil) 15409 + 278 +691 + 422 2+3+4 +5
+99
(vi)
+96 +97+98
(v) 1 +2 +3 + 4
(ii) 10578 +99999
short method:
5. Find the s u m by Glve
reasons.

(i) 6784 +9999 + (c + b}?

c = a
b) +
true that (a
+
numbers a, b, c, is it the missing numbers
F o r
any whole by supplying
squares
magic
Complete
each one
of the following
(i1) 16 2 2
(1) 2 92 2 10 2
9 5 10
8120 92 20 4
(iii) 2 15 164 (iv)2 18 17 4
16 14 11
12 73 29 10
3 7 10
14 30/3417 19 31316
statements:
8. Write (T) for true and (F) for false for each of the following
(1) The sum of two odd numbers is an odd number.
(ii) The sum of two e v e n numbers is an even number.
(iil) The sum of an even number and an odd number is an odd number.

sUBTRACTION IN WHOLE NUMBERS

The operation of subtraction is an inverse process of addition.
(14+9 23) {(23-9) = 14 and (23-14) = 9}).

PROPERTIES OF SUBTRACTION
0 Ifa and b are two whole numbers Such that a >bor a =b then a -

b is a whole number:
otherwise, subtraction is not possible in whole numbers.
 Whole Numbers
EXAMPLES () if we subtract two
equal whole numbers, we get the whole number 0
e.g. (8-8) 0, (66)=0, (25-25)=
=

(11) If we subtract a smaller

0, etc.
whole number from a larger one, we always get
whole number:
e.g.(16-9)= 7, (37-8) 29, (23-16)= 7, etc.
(ii) Clearly, we cannot subtract 18 from 13;
i.e.. (13-18) is not defined in whole numbers.

(i) For any two whole numbers a and b. (a -

b) (b- a).
EXAMPLES (1) (8-5) 3 but (5-8) is not defined in whole numbers.
=

(1) (26-9)=17 but (9-26) is not defined numbers. in whole

(i) For any whole number a, we have:
(a -

0) =
abut (0- a) is not defined in whole numbers.
EXAMPLES () (9-0) =9 but (09) is not defined in whole numbers.
(ii) (24- 0) = 24 but (0-24) is not defined in whole numbers

(iv) fa, b, c are any three wvhole numbers, then in general (a b) -c#a-(b-c)
-

EXAMPLE Consider the numbers 8, 4 and 2.

rs:
(8-4)-2 = (4-2) = 2.
8-(4-2) = (8-2) = 6.

(8-4)-2 8-(4-2).
() fa, b, c are whole numbers such thata -b= c then b+c= a.

EXAMPLES () 16-9=7 9+7 =16.

(ii) 2 3 - 8 = 15 8+15 23.

OBSERVING PATTERNSs
Study the following
i) 456-99 456-100 +1 = (457-100) = 357.
(ii) 4962-999 4962 -1000+1 = (4963 -1000) = 3963

EXERCISE 3C
1. Perform the following subtractions. Check your results by the corresponding additions.
(1) 6237- 694 (il) 21205- 10899
(ii) 100000 - 78987
(iv) 1010101-656565
2. Replace each by the correct digit in each ofthe following
(0) 917 (il) 6172
5 6 9
5 8 2 9*

(ii) 5 00 1 0 03 (iv) 1000000

6987 1
48 4 704 2
3. Find the difference:
(4) 463-9 (i) 5632-99 (iti) 8640-999 (iv) 13006-9999
 number
of

Class
6 largest
for the
Mathematics
and
digits 73129

number
of 7 withdrew

smallest he
between the Next day
difference
the 136000.

set for
Flnd depositing a
TV
4 digits. a
bank by purchased
was left
account in accoulntr
She
his his money

6. Ravi opened was left in account. much

much money bank

How
it. How
her
3 5 5 6 0 .
Irom from
100000 wo
w or
rt h J0000
th births.
withdrew jewellery
jewellery
Mrs Saxena
new

6. for
23890 and 3608
due to at
a refrigerator by 3O0O population

6/60, it
it
increased
i ncreased by was
the
with her? In one year
What

t h e year.
year.
110500.
town was
of a town duríngt h e
popuiation
died or left the
rsons

21403
=
the end of the year? n - 2 0 5 6 8

when:
(tv)
number n (iil) n - 1 8 3 9
8. Find the whole
+35 = 101
(1) n +4 =9 (11) n

e
WHOLE
NUMBERS
MULTIPLICATION OF
sticks.
each consisting of 3
Let us consider 4 bundles,
Total number of sticks
+3 +3 12.
= 3+3
Also, we may write:
total number of sticks
4 times 3, written as 4 x 3.
4x3=12.

Again, consider 6 packets of 5 balls each.

Total number of balls
=5 +5 +5 +5 +5 +5 = 30.

Also, we may write

total number of balls
= 6 times 5, written as 6 x 5.
Therefore, 6 x5 = 30.

It follows that multiplication is repeated addition.

Ifthe numbers are small, we can perform the operation of multiplication mentally as above and
find the product.

If the numbers are large, we multiply them using the multiplication tables about which
learnt earlier you have
However, we now list the various
properties will help us in finding easilyproperties
of
multiplication on whole
the products of numbers. These
numbers, however large they may be.
PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLICATION OF WHOLE
NUMBERS
(0 CLOSURE PROPERTY faand b are whole numbers, then
(ax b) is also
EXAMPLES Let us take a few
a whole number.
pairs of whole numbers
product is a whole number. and check in each
case whether their
One Another
whole number Product
whole number Is the
product a
12 9x8 72 whole number?
16 12 x7 84 Yes
10
16 x 10 160 Yes
Yes
umber of Whole Numbers 51

Thus, we see that if

we multiply two whole numbers, the product is also a whole n u n e
73129
(i) COMMUTATIVE LAW fa and b are anu two whole numbers then (ax b) =
(D X a
EXAMPLES (1) 7
set for x5= 35 and x
was left
5 7 35.
Is (7 x 5) (5 =
x 71? Yes.
(i1) 19 x 12 228 and 12 x 19 228.
births.
Is (19 x 12) (12 x 19)? Yes.
tion at =

In general, commutative law of

multiplication holds in whole numbers.
(ii) MULTIPLICATIVE PROPERTY OF
403 ZERO For every whole number have
(ax 0) = (0 xa) = 0. a, we

EXAMPLES (1) 9x0= 0x9 0 (i1) 37 x 0 = 0x37 =0 (iii) 2386 x0 = 0x2386 = 0

(iv) MULTIPLICATIVE PROPERTY OF 1 For any whole number a we have: (a x1) =
(1 x a)= a.
EXAMPLES (1) 8 x1=1x8
=8 (ii) 76 x1 = 1x 76 76 (ii) 2345 x1 =1x 2345 =2345
(v) ASSOCIATIVE LAW Ifa, b, c are
any whole numbers, then (a x b) x c = ax (b x c).
EXAMPLE Take the whole numbers
9, 7 and 10.
(9x 7) 10 63 x 10 630.
x =
=

9x (7 x10)
=9 x 70 630. =
(9x 7) x
10 =9 x (7 x 10).
(vi) DISTRIBUTIVE LAW OF MULTIPLICATION OVER ADDITION
have: For any whole numbers a, b, C we
a x (b +c) =
(a x b) +(a x c).
EXAMPLE Consider the whole numbers 16, 9 and 8.
16x (9+8) (16x17) 272. = =

(16x 9)+ (16x 8) =(144 +128) 272. =

16x (9+8) (16 x 9) +(16 x 8). =

(vii) DISTRIBUTIVE LAW OF MULTIPLICATION OVER SUBTRACTION For any whole numbers b,
we
have:ax(b- c) (axb) - (ax c). =
a, c

EXAMPLE Consider the whole numbers 11, 6 and 4.

11x(6-4) = (11x2) =22.
(11x6)-(11x 4) = (66- 44) 22.
11x (6-4) =(11x 6)-(11x 4).

sOLVED EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1. Multiply 197 by 54
Solution We have:
197 x 54 =
197 x (50 + 4)
=
197 50+197 x 4 (by distributive law)
x

=
9850+788 10638 =
B
Mathematies fhe Clae
iantto n order to 4 and 197 x50, and
ndd them. euttipiy
ply 197197 by 54,
84, we nind
fne the products 197 x

Thus, we haves
197
&54
788 multipltcatton by 4
9850 multiplication by 50
10638
multipltcation by 54
Therefore, we have: 197 x 54 10638
EXAMPLE2. Multtply 2056 by 87.
Solutton 2056
x87
14392
multiplication by 7
164480 multiplication by 80
178872 multplication by 87
Therefore, we have: 2056 x 87-178872.
EXAMPLE 3. Multtply 1572 by 123.
Solutton 1572
x 123
4716
31440
multiplication by 3
multiplication by 20
157200 multiplication by 100
193356 multiplication by 123
Therefore, we have: 1572 x 123- 193356.
EXAMPLE 4. Find the product: 785 x 94.
Solution We have:
785 x 94 =785 x (100- 6)
= 785 x 100 785 x 6
=
78500- 4710 =73790.
EXAMPLE 5. Find the value f 968 x 73 + 968 x 27.
Solution By the distributive law over addition, we have:
968x 73 +968 x 27 =968 x (73 +27)
= 968 x 100 9 6 8 0 0 .

EXAMPLE 6. Find the value of 1063 x 127-1063 x 27.

Solution 1063 x 127- 1063 x 27 1063x (127-27)
=1063x 100= 106300.

EXAMPLE7. Find the value of 8937 x 648 + 8937x 122 + 8937 x 230.

Solution The given expression= (648 +122 +230)

8937 x

=8937 x 1000= 8937000.

Find the product: 4 x 2995 x 250.

EXAMPLE 8.

Solutlon We have:
4x 2995 x 250 =
(4x 250) x 2995
 Whole Numbers 53

(1000x 2995) = 2995000.

EXAMPLE 9. Find the product 37256 x 25x 40.
Solution We have:
37256x 25 x 40 37256 x (25 x 40)
37256 x 1000 37256000.
EXAMPLE 10. Find each of the following products:
() 30674x9 (ti) 4578 x 99 (ttt) 23756 x 9996R
Solution We have:
(i) 30674x9 30674 x (10-1)
(30674 x10)- (30674 x 1)
(306740 30674) 276066
(ii) 4578 x 99 4578 x (100 1)
= (4578 x 100)- (4578 x 1) ntt a l 0 a o s
=
(457800 4578)= 453222
(iii) 23756 x 999 23756 x (1000-1)
=
(23756 x1000) (23756 x 1)
-

= (23756000-23756) = 23732244.
rse
EXERCISE 3D
1. Fill in the blanks to make each of the
following a true statement:
(1) 246 xl =24b (ii) 1369 x0 =...
(i1) 593 x 188 = 188 xS12 (iv) 286 x 753 = 2 x 286
(v) 38 x (91 x 37) =.I.. x (38 x 37)
(vi) 13 x 100 x |900 =1300000
(vii) 59 x 66 +59 x 34 =59 x (663
(vii) 68 x 95 = 68 x 100- 68x.2
2. State the property used in each of the following statements:
1) 19x17 =17 x 19 (Gvmnu Talf ye (i) (16 x 32) is a whole number Closure fsoperty
(ii) (29 x 36) x 18 =29 x (36 x 18), (iv) 1480 xl = 1480 luiiplicodiue poop y of 2
(v) 1732 x 0 = 0uHp vi) 72 x 98+72 x 2 = 72 x(98 +2)Dsts6utive low o
(vil 63 x126-63 x26 63 x(126-26) vtu i0 ov adoiAig
3. Find the value of each of the Ureffouve
various te
following using properties: iplica)a y ovey Suitet
(1) 647x 13 +647 x 7 (11) 8759 x94 +8759 x6
(ii) 7459x 999 +7459 (iv) 9870 x 561-9870 x 461
(v) 569 x 17 +569 x 13 +569 x 70 (vi) 16825 x16825-16825 x 6825
4. Determine each of the following products by suitable rearrangements:
(1) 2x1658 x 50 (i) 4x927 x 25 (ii) 625 x 20x 8x 50
(iv) 574x 625 x 16 (v) 250x 60x50 x 8
(vi) 8x125 x 40x 25
5. Find each of the following products, using distributive laws:
(1) 740 x105 (i) 245 x 1008 (ii) 947 x 96
(iv) 996x 367 (v) 472 x 1097 (vi) 580 x 64
(vii) 439 x 997 (viil) 1553 x198
6. Find each of the
following products, using distributive laws:
(1) 3576 x9 (i) 847 x 99 (ii) 2437 x 999
 Class 6
Mathematics
for
(iv) 15208

54
x542
(11) 4617
7. Find the products:
(11) 3709 x 234
n u m b e r .

(1) 458 5-digit

x 67 x 89 and the largest
it cover in
number

8. ind the product of the largest 3-digit distributive tad d i s t a n c e

will

Now, use much

999 x(100000-1).
hour. How
Hint. 999 x99999= How
hour.

moves at a uniform speed of 75 km per

the cost of all the
A car 24350,
find
98 hours? set is
139 VCRs. If the
cost of each house is
10. A dealer purchased for
each
c o n s t r u c t i o n

sets together. cost of

ouses. If the
constructed and
11. A housing society housesS T0b

cost for all the

costs
chair
450000, what is the total school. If each
purchased for
a
blackboards were
s0 amount of the bil I the
1645, find the total
n d each
sectiOn.
each blackboard costs 45 students
in
are ron
school and there
colecuOn

n e r e are
six sections of Class VI in a
7 1650, find
the total
monthly

from each student be

Ontnly charges
Class VI.
concluder
numbers is zero. What do you
14.The product of two whole
15. Fill in the blanks:
(1) Sum of two odd numbers is an Y.number
number.
(ii) Product of two odd numbers is an 999.
(ii) a # 0 and a xa = a = a = ?L

DIVISION IN WHOLE NUMBERS

Division is the inverse operation of multiplication.
Let a and b be two whole numbers. Dividing a by b means finding a wvhole number c such that
bxc=aand we write, a + b = C.

Thus, a +b =c * =C a =b x c.

EXAMPLES Dividing 48 by 8 is the same as finding a whole number which when multiplied by 8
gives 48.
Clearly, such a number is 6, as 8 x 6 = 48.
Similarly, we have:
63+9 7, 84+14 =6, etc.

DIVISION ALGORITHM Suppose 75 is divided by 9, then the quotient is 8 and

remainder is 3. the 9) 75 (8
Clearly, 75 = (9x8)+3. - 72
In general, let a and b be tuwo
given
whole numbers such that
3
by b, let q be the quotient a > b. On
andr be the remainder. dividing a

Then, we have: a
bq +r, where 0Sr
=
< b.
This result is known as division algorithm.
Thus, dividend =
(divisor x quotient) + remainder
 Whole Nambers
EVEN AND ODD WHOLE NUMBERS A whole number divtslble by 2 is called an

cg, 9,2, 4, 6, 8, cte,, are all

even numbers
1uhole umber whtch ts not divtstble by 2 ts called an odd ber;

e1,3, 5,7,9, etc., are all odd numbers

sOLVED EXAMPLES
5 as
EXAMPLE 1,
a the number which when divided by 53 qves 8 as quotlent and
rematnder,
Solutlon GHven: divisor-53, quotient= 8 and remainder = 5.
By division algorithm, we have:
dividend = (divisor x quotient) + remainder

(153x8)+5
= (424 +5)=429.

Hence, the required number is 429

EXAMPLE2. Divlde 535 by 31 and check the result by the divlsion algorithm.
Solution By actual dívision, we have:
31)535 (17
31
225
217
8
17 and remainder = 8.
dividend =
535, divisor =
31. quotient =

CHECK (31x17)+8 527 +8 = 535.

Hence, the above result is correct.

EXAMPLE 3. Dlvlde 53068 by 257 and check the result by the division algorithm.

Solution By actual division, we have:

257 ) 53068 (206
-514
1668
-1542
126
dividend =53068, divisor = 257. quotient=206 and remainder =126.

CHECK (257x206)+126 52942+126 53068.

Hence, the above result is correct.

PROPERTIES OF DIVISION

then b is not always a whole number.

(0 fa and b are nonzero whole numbers,
a +

EXAMPLE We know that 7 and 2 are whole numbers.

But, 7+2 is not a whole number.
then a +0 is meaningless.
(1) DIVISION BY 0 Ifa is a whole number,
 Mathematicsf rClnss6

0-a=
rmber,
then
nozeno uhole etc
a ts a 0-57=0,
EIAMPLES 60-3-0
(
following

eachof
the
EXERCISE 3E in
(E) 257796-341
multiplication

corresponding

checkgour
answer by the (v) 39039-1001
Dide and (5) 19881-47

69 1936-+16 (o) 34419-149 a n s w e r .

612846-582
remainder.
Checkyour ( E ) 3 6 1 9 5 - 1 5 3

and
out the quotient
Diide, and find () 4178-35
( 1 ) 1 6 1 3 5 + 8 7 5

6 6971-47
fv) 23025-1000

o 93575-400

3. Find the value of (6) 0-879

65007-1 ( v ) 1 5 0 7 - ( 6 2 5 - 2 5 )

) 961+5720-10 fvs) 1573+1573)-(1573-1573)

(o) 32277-1648-39)

such that n+n =n. the other.

Find awhole number n
4. numbers is 317,
find
numbers is 504347. Ifone of the is 37. Find
The product oftuwo certain number, the quotient is 189 and the remainder
6Ondisiding 59761 by
a

the diviso the division

the remainder is 75. Find
the quotient using
7. On divsiding 55390 by 299,
algorithm.
13601 to get a number exactly
divisible by 87?
B. Whatleastnumber must be subtracted from
number exactly divisible by 23?
sWhatleast number must be added to 1056 to get a
10. Pind the largest 4-digt number divisible by 16.
11. Dividethe largest 5 digt number by 653. Check your answer by the division algorithm.
12. Pind the least 6-digt nurnber exactly divisible by 83.
13. 1 dozen bananas cost 7 29. How many dozens can be purchased for 7 1392?
14. 19625 trees have been equally planted in 157 rows. Find the number of trees in each row.
15. The population of a town is 517530. If one out of every 15 is reported to be literate, find how
many literate persons are there in the town.
16. The cost price of 23 colour television sets is 570055. Determine the cost
set if each costs the same. price of each TV

EXERCISE 3F
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONs
Mark /) against the correct
answer in each
of the following:
1 The smallest whole number
1s
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 2
2. The least number of 4 (d) none of
fa) 1018
digits which is exactly divisible these
(b) 1026 by 9 is
(c) 1009
(d) 1008
 Whole Numbers
3. The largest number of 6
digits which fs exactly divissble by 16 1
(a) 999980 (b) 999982 (d) 999964
(c) 999984
4Wnaeeast number should be subtracted from 10004 to get a number exacty divistle
by 12?
(a) 4
(b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 20
5. What least number should be added to 10056 to get a number exactly diviosble by 28
(a) 5 (b) 18 (d) 10
(c) 13
6. What whole number is nearest to 457 which is divisible by 11?
(a) 450 (b) 451 (c) 460 (d) 462
7. How many whole numbers are there between 1018 and 1203?
(a) 185 (b) 186
(c) 184 (d) none of these
8. A number when divided by 46 gves 11 as quotient and 15 as remainder. Thenumber 1s

(a) 491 (b) 521 (c) 701 (d) 679

9. Inadivision sum, we have dividend 199, quotient = 16 and remainder=7.1he dS0E 1S
(d) none of these
(a) 11 (b) 23 (c) 12

10. 7589-? 3434

(c) 4155 (d) none of these
(a) 11023 (b) 4245
11. 587x 99 ?
(c) 58113 (d) 56413
(a) 57213 (b) 58513
12. 4x538 x 25 =?
(d) 10760
(b) 26900 (c) 53800
(a) 32280
13. 24679 x 92 +24679 x 8 =?
(c) 2467900 (d) none of these
(a) 493580 (b) 1233950

14. 1625 x1625

-
1625 x 625 =?
(c) 325000 (d) 812500
(a) 1625000 (b) 162500

15. 1568x185 -1568 x 85 =?

(c) 15680o (d) none of these
(a) 7840 (b) 15680
(111x?)
16. (888+777 +555) =

(c) 20
(d) 140
(a) 120 (b) 280

of two odd numbers is

17. The sum
number (c) a prime number (d) a multiple of 3
(b) an even
(a) an odd number
is
two odd numbers
18. The product of (c) a prime number (d) none of these
an even number
(a) a n odd number (b)
whole number such
that a + a = a, then a =?
19. Ifa is a (d) none of these
(c) 3
(b) 2
(a) 1
10000 is
20. The predecessor of of these
(b) 9999 (c) none

(a) 10001
The successor of 1001 is
21.
(c) none of these
(b) 1002
(a) 1000
number is
even whole
22. The smallest of these
(c) none
(b) 2
(a) 0