MULTIPLE INTEGRATION

Outline:
Double Integrals; Iterated Integration
Reversion of the Order of Integration
Applications of Double Integration
Triple Integrals

Overview:
Integration of a function which includes two or more variables is called multiple
integration. In this chapter, the process of double integration will be discussed
together with its applications. Also, topics extended to triple integration are also
covered.

Objectives:
Upon completion of this chapter, the students will be able to:
1. Evaluate double integrals by iterated integration.
2. Evaluate double integrals by reversing the order of integration
3. Solve applications using double integration.
4. Evaluate triple integrals.

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME

 Double Integrals; Iterated Integration
Consider the integral,
௕ ௫మ
‫׬‬௔ ‫׬‬௫ ݂(‫ݕ݀ݔ݀)ݕ(݂ )ݔ‬
భ

The limits ‫ݔ‬ଵ and ‫ݔ‬ଶ should be independent of ‫ ݔ‬and the limits ܽ and ܾ
should be constants.
In evaluating double integrals by iterated integration, we should first integrate
the inner integrand, that is, the ‫ ݔ‬variables treating all the other variables as
constants and then evaluate the outer integrand, that is, the ‫ ݕ‬variables.

Example(a).
ଵ ௬
Evaluate ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௬మ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ‬.
Solution:
ଵ ௬
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௬ మ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ‬
Evaluate the inner integrand and take the other variable ‫ݕ‬ as
constant. Integrate and take the limits from ‫ ݕ‬ଶ to ‫ݕ‬. Thus,
௬ ଵ ௬
‫׬‬௬మ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ‫ = ݔ݀ ݕ‬ቚଷ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ‫ݕ‬ቚ
௬మ
ଵ
= ‫ )ݕ([ݕ‬ଷ െ (‫ ݕ‬ଶ) ଷ ]
ଷ
ଵ ଵ
= ‫ݕ‬ସ െ ‫଻ݕ‬
ଷ ଷ
Then, integrate the answer with respect to ݀‫ݕ‬ and take the limits
from 0 to 1, therefore,
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
‫׬‬଴ ቀଷ ‫ ݕ‬ସ െ ଷ ‫଻ ݕ‬ቁ ݀‫ = ݕ‬ቚଵହ ‫ ݕ‬ହ െ ଶସ ‫଼ ݕ‬ቚ
଴
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
= ቂ (1) ହ െ (1) ଼ ቃ െ ቂ (0) ହ െ (0) ଼ ቃ
ଵହ ଶସ ଵହ ଶସ
ଵ
=
ସ଴
Thus,
ଵ ௬ ଵ
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௬ మ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫= ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ‬ ସ଴

Example(b).
ଵ ଶ
Evaluate ‫׬‬଴ ‫ି׬‬ଵ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ݀‫ݔ݀ݕ‬.
Solution:
ଵ ଶ
‫׬‬଴ ‫ି׬‬ଵ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ݀‫ݔ݀ݕ‬
Taking the inner integrand,
ଶ
‫ି׬‬ଵ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ݀‫| = ݕ‬6‫ ݔ‬ଶ‫ ݕ‬ଶ | ଶିଵ
= [6‫ ݔ‬ଶ (2) ଶ ] െ [6‫ ݔ‬ଶ (െ1) ଶ ]
= 18‫ ݔ‬ଶ
Then,
ଵ
‫׬‬଴ 18‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݀‫| = ݔ‬6‫ ݔ‬ଷ| ଵ଴
= [6(1) ଷ] െ [6(0) ଷ ]
= 6
Thus,
ଵ ଶ
‫׬‬଴ ‫ି׬‬ଵ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ݀‫ = ݔ݀ݕ‬6

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME

Example(c).
ଵ ௬
Evaluate ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௬య ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ‫ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ‬.
Solution:
ଵ ௬
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௬ య ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ‫ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ‬
Taking the inner integrand,
௬ ଵ ௬
‫׬‬௬య ‫ ݔ‬ଷ‫ = ݔ݀ ݕ‬ቚସ ‫ ݔ‬ସ ‫ݕ‬ቚ
௬య
ଵ
= {[(‫ )ݕ‬ସ ‫ ]ݕ‬െ [(‫ ݕ‬ଷ ) ସ ‫}]ݕ‬
ସ
ଵ ହ ଵ
= ସ
‫ ݕ‬െ ସ ‫଼ݕ‬
Then,
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
‫׬‬଴ ቀସ ‫ ݕ‬ହ െ ସ ‫଼ ݕ‬ቁ ݀‫ = ݕ‬ቚ଺ ‫ ଺ ݕ‬െ ଷ଺ ‫ ݕ‬ଽ ቚ
଴
ଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ
= ቂ଺ (1) ଺ െ ଷ଺ (1) ଽ ቃ െ ቂ଺ (0) ଺ െ ଷ଺ (0) ଽ ቃ

ହ
= ଷ଺
Thus,
ଵ ௬ ହ
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௬ య ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ‫= ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ‬ ଷ଺

Example(d).
ഏ ഏ
Evaluate ‫׬‬଴మ ‫׬‬௫ర sin ‫ ݔ‬cos‫ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݕ‬.
Solution:
ഏ ഏ
‫׬‬଴ర ‫׬‬௫ర sin ‫ ݔ‬cos‫ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݕ‬
Taking the inner integrand,
ഏ ഏ

‫׬‬௫ర sin ‫ ݔ‬cos‫| = ݕ݀ ݕ‬sin ‫ ݔ‬sin ‫ |ݕ‬௫ర

గ
= ቂsin ‫ ݔ‬sin ቀ ସ ቁቃ െ [sin ‫ ݔ‬sin ‫]ݔ‬
ξଶ
= sin ‫ ݔ‬െ sinଶ ‫ݔ‬
ଶ
Then,
ഏ ഏ ഏ
ξଶ ξଶ ర ଵ
‫׬‬଴ర ቀ ଶ
sin ‫ݔ‬ െ sinଶ ‫ݔ‬ቁ ݀‫= ݔ‬ ‫ ׬‬sin ‫ݔ݀ ݔ‬
ଶ ଴
െ ଶ ‫׬‬଴ర(1 െ cos 2‫ݔ݀ )ݔ‬
ഏ
ξଶ ଵ ଵ మ
= ቚെ ଶ
cos ‫ ݔ‬െ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬+ ସ sin 2‫ݔ‬ቚ
଴
ξଶ గ ଵ గ ଵ గ
= ቂെ cosቀ ቁ െ ቀ ቁ + sin 2 ቀ ቁቃ െ
ଶ ସ ଶ ସ ସ ସ
ξଶ ଵ ଵ
ቂെ cos(0) െ (0) + sin 2(0)ቃ
ଶ ଶ ସ
= 0.064
Thus,
ഏ ഏ
‫׬‬଴ర ‫׬‬௫ర sin ‫ ݔ‬cos‫ = ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݕ‬0.064

Reversion of the Order of Integration

Reversing the order of integration is the changing of the integrals from one
above the other. For constant limits, we can just directly reverse the order.

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME

Example(a).
ଷ ଶ
Evaluate ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬ଵ (3‫ ݕݔ‬+ 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ) ݀‫ ݕ݀ݔ‬by reversing the order of integration.
Solution:
ଷ ଶ
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬ଵ (3‫ ݕݔ‬+ 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ ) ݀‫ݕ݀ݔ‬
By reversing the order, we have,
ଷ ଶ ଶ ଷ
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬ଵ (3‫ ݕݔ‬+ 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ ) ݀‫׬ = ݕ݀ݔ‬ଵ ‫׬‬଴ (3‫ ݕݔ‬+ 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ) ݀‫ݔ݀ݕ‬
Thus, taking the inner integrand,
ଷ ଷ ଷ
‫׬‬଴ (3‫ ݕݔ‬+ 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ)݀‫ = ݕ‬ቚଶ ‫ ݕݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ݕ‬ቚ
଴
ଷ ଷ
= ቂ ‫(ݔ‬3) ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ (3)ቃ െ ቂ ‫(ݔ‬0) ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ(0)ቃ
ଶ ଶ
ଶ଻
= ‫ ݔ‬+ 15‫ ݔ‬ଶ
ଶ
Then,
ଶ ଶ଻ ଶ଻ ଶ
‫׬‬ଵ ቀ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬+ 15‫ ݔ‬ଶቁ ݀‫ = ݔ‬ቚ ସ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 5‫ ݔ‬ଷቚ
ଵ
ଶ଻ ଶ଻
= ቂ ସ (2) ଶ + 5(2) ଷ ቃ െ ቂ ସ (1) ଶ + 5(1) ଷ ቃ
ଶଶଵ
= ସ
Therefore,
ଷ ଶ ଶ ଷ ଶଶଵ
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬ଵ (3‫ ݕݔ‬+ 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ ) ݀‫׬ = ݕ݀ݔ‬ଵ ‫׬‬଴ (3‫ ݕݔ‬+ 5‫ ݔ‬ଶ) ݀‫= ݔ݀ݕ‬ ସ
Example(b).
ଵ ଶ
Evaluate ‫׬‬଴ ‫ି׬‬ଵ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ݀‫ ݔ݀ݕ‬by reversing the order of integration.
Solution:
ଵ ଶ
‫׬‬଴ ‫ି׬‬ଵ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ݀‫ݔ݀ݕ‬
By reversing the order, we have,
ଵ ଶ ଶ ଵ
‫׬‬଴ ‫ି׬‬ଵ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ݀‫ି׬ = ݔ݀ݕ‬ଵ ‫׬‬଴ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ݀‫ݕ݀ݔ‬
Thus, taking the inner integrand,
ଶ ଵ ଶ ଵ
‫ି׬‬ଵ ‫׬‬଴ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ݀‫ = ݕ݀ݔ‬ቚଷ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ቚ
଴
ଶ ଶ
= ቂ (1) ଷ ‫ ݕ‬ଷቃ െ ቂ (0) ଷ‫ ݕ‬ଷቃ
ଷ ଷ
ଶ ଷ
= ଷ
‫ݕ‬
Then,
ଶ ଶ ଵ ଶ
‫ି׬‬ଵ ଷ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ݀‫ = ݕ‬ቚ଺ ‫ ݕ‬ସ ቚ
ିଵ
ଶ ଶ
= ቂଷ (2) ଷቃ െ ቂଷ (െ1) ଷቃ
= 6
Therefore,
ଵ ଶ ଶ ଵ
‫׬‬଴ ‫ି׬‬ଵ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ݀‫ି׬ = ݔ݀ݕ‬ଵ ‫׬‬଴ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ݀‫ = ݕ݀ݔ‬6

Example(c).
ଵ ௫
Evaluate ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௫మ(4‫ ݕ‬+ 3‫ ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ‬by reversing the order of integration.
Solution:
ଵ ௫
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௫ మ(4‫ ݕ‬+ 3‫ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ‬
To reverse the order of integration, we must sketch the regions
given by the limits.

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME

 We find that the limits are ‫ݔ =ݕ‬ and ‫ ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ. Sketching these
curves, we have,

࢟= ࢞
(૚,૚)
࢟ = ࢞૛

࢟ varies from
ࢊ࢟ ࢞૛ to ࢞
ࢊ࢞

࢞ varies from ࢞
(૙,૙)
૙ to ૚

In the original problem, the integrand in terms of ݀‫ ݕ‬varies from

‫ ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ to ‫ ݔ = ݕ‬and the integrand in terms of ݀‫ ݔ‬varies from its point of
intersection (0,0) and (1,1), ‫ = ݔ‬0 to ‫ = ݔ‬1.
By reversing the order, we find that if make ݀‫ ݔ‬as the inner integrand,
the integrand in terms of ‫ݔ‬ now varies from ‫ ݕ‬to ඥ‫ ݕ‬and the outer
integrand ݀‫ݕ‬, ‫ ݕ‬varies from 0 to 1.
So,
ଵ ௫ ξ ଵ ௬
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௫ మ(4‫ ݕ‬+ 3‫׬ = ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ‬଴ ‫׬‬௬ (4‫ ݕ‬+ 3‫ݕ݀ ݔ݀ )ݔ‬

Thus, taking the inner integrand,

ξ ௬ ଷ ξ௬
‫׬‬௬ (4‫ ݕ‬+ 3‫ = ݔ݀ )ݔ‬ቚ4‫ ݔݕ‬+ ଶ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ቚ
௬
ଷ ଶ ଷ
= ቂ4‫ݕ‬൫ඥ‫ݕ‬൯ + ൫ඥ‫ݕ‬൯ ቃ െ ቂ4‫ )ݕ(ݕ‬+ (‫ )ݕ‬ଶቃ
ଶ ଶ
య
ଷ ଵଵ
= 4‫ ݕ‬+ ଶ ‫ ݕ‬െ
మ
ଶ
‫ݕ‬ଶ
Then,
య ఱ ଵ
ଵ ଷ ଵଵ ଼ ଷ ଵଵ
‫׬‬଴ ቀ4‫ ݕ‬మ + ଶ ‫ ݕ‬െ ଶ
‫ ݕ‬ଶቁ ݀‫ = ݕ‬ቚହ ‫ ݕ‬మ + ସ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ଺
‫ ݕ‬ଷቚ
଴
ఱ ఱ
଼ ଷ ଵଵ ଼ ଷ ଵଵ
= ቂ ହ ( 1 ) మ + ସ ( 1) ଶ െ ଺
( 1) ଷ ቃ െ ቂ ( 0) మ + ( 0) ଶ െ
ହ ସ ଺
( 0) ଷ ቃ
ଷଵ
= ଺଴
Therefore,
ଵ ௫ ଵ ξ௬ ଷଵ
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௫ మ(4‫ ݕ‬+ 3‫׬ = ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ‬଴ ‫׬‬௬ (4‫ ݕ‬+ 3‫= ݕ݀ ݔ݀ )ݔ‬ ଺଴

Example(d).
ଶ ଶ௫
Evaluate ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ (5‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 6‫ ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ‬by reversing the order of integration.

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME

 Solution:
ଶ ଶ௫
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ (5‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 6‫ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ‬
The limits are ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬and ‫ = ݕ‬0. Sketching the curves of the limits,
we have,
࢟
࢟ = ૛࢞
(૛,૝)

ࢊ࢟ ࢟ varies from
૙ to ૛࢞

(૙,૙)
ࢊ࢞ ࢞

࢞ variesfrom
૙ to ૛

By reversing the order, we will make ݀‫ ݔ‬as the inner integrand and
௬
‫ ݔ‬now varies from to 2 and the outer integrand ݀‫ݕ‬, ‫ ݕ‬varies from 0 to
ଶ
4.
So,
ଶ ଶ௫ ସ ଶ
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ (5‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 6‫׬ = ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ‬଴ ‫׬‬೤ (5‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 6‫ݕ݀ݔ݀ )ݔ‬
మ
Thus, taking the inner integrand,
ଶ
‫׬‬೤ (5‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 6‫| = ݔ݀ )ݔ‬5‫ ݕ‬ଶ ‫ ݔ‬+ 3‫ ݔ‬ଶ | ଶ೤
మ మ
௬ ௬ ଶ
= [5‫ ݕ‬ଶ (2) + 3(2) ଶ ] െ ൤5‫ ݕ‬ଶ ቀ ቁ + 3 ቀ ቁ ൨
ଶ ଶ
ଷ଻ ହ
= ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ + 12
ସ ଶ
Then,
ସ ଷ଻ ହ ଷ଻ ହ ସ
‫׬‬଴ ቀ ସ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ଶ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ + 12ቁ ݀‫ = ݕ‬ቚଵଶ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ െ ଼ ‫ ݕ‬ସ + 12‫ݕ‬ቚ
଴
ଷ଻ ହ ଷ଻ ହ
= ቂ (4) ଷ െ (4) ସ + 12(4)ቃ െ ቂ (0) ଷ െ (0) ସ + 12(0)ቃ
ଵଶ ଼ ଵଶ ଼
ଶହ଺
=
ଷ
Therefore,
ଶ ଶ௫ ସ ଶ ଶହ଺
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ (5‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 6‫׬ = ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݔ‬଴ ‫׬‬೤ (5‫ ݕ‬ଶ + 6‫= ݕ݀ݔ݀ )ݔ‬ ଷ
మ

Exercise
I. Evaluate the following integrals.
ଵ ଶ௫
1. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ ‫ ݕ ݔ‬ଷ ݀‫ݔ݀ݕ‬
ଵ ξ௫
2. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௫ (‫ ݔ‬+ ‫ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݕ‬
ଶ ௬మ
3. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ (5‫ ݔ‬+ 3‫ ݕ‬െ 2) ݀‫ݕ݀ݔ‬
ଵ ଵ భ
4. ‫׬‬଴ ‫ ׬‬௬ ‫( ݔ‬3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ )ݕ‬మ ݀‫ݕ݀ݔ‬
ξ

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME

 గ గ
5. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௫ cos‫ ݕ‬sin 2‫ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݔ‬
ଷ ଵ
6. ‫׬‬ଶ ‫׬‬଴ cosଶ ‫ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݔ‬
గ ଵ
7. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ sin(‫ݔ݀ݕ݀ )ݕݔ‬
ଶగ ଶగ ୱ୧୬ ଶ௬
8. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௫ ୱ୧୬ ௬
݀‫ݔ݀ݕ‬

ଵ ඥଵି௬
9. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ ݁ (௫ା௬) ݀‫ݕ݀ ݔ‬
ଶ ୪୬ ௫ ௗ௬ௗ௫
10. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௫ ௘ షమ೤

II. Evaluate the following integrals by reversing the order of integration.

ଷ ଶ
1. ‫׬‬଴ ‫ି׬‬ଵ 3‫ ݔ‬ଷ ‫ݕ݀ݔ݀ݕ‬
ଵ ௫
2. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௫ మ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ‫ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݕ‬
ଵ ௬
3. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௬ మ ‫ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ‬
ଵ ଶ ర
4. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬ଶ௫ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ݁ ௬ ݀‫ݔ݀ݕ‬
ଵ ଵ
5. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௬ cos‫ ݁ ݕ‬ୡ୭ୱ ௫ ݀‫ݕ݀ݔ‬

Applications of Double Integration

Areas by Double Integration
Consider the figure,
࢟
࢟૚ = ࢌ(࢞)

(ࢇ,࢈)
ࢊ࡭
࢟૛ = ࢍ(࢞)
ࢊ࢟

ࢊ࢞

࢞
(૙,૙)

The given curves are ‫ݕ‬ଵ = ݂(‫ )ݔ‬and ‫ݕ‬ଶ = ݃(‫ )ݔ‬that intersects at points (0,0)
and (ܽ, ܾ). We introduce a differential area ݀‫ ܣ‬with sides ݀‫ ݔ‬and ݀‫ ݕ‬and obtained
݀‫ݔ݀ݕ݀ = ܣ‬.

We define the area ‫ ܣ‬in the figure by,

௔ ௙(௫)
‫׬ = ܣ‬଴ ‫׬‬௚(௫) ݀‫ݔ݀ ݕ‬

since for ݀‫ݕ‬, ‫ ݕ‬varies from ݃(‫ )ݔ‬to ݂(‫ )ݔ‬and for ݀‫ݔ‬, ‫ ݔ‬varies from 0 to ܽ.

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME

 We can also denote the area by,
௕ ௬
‫׬ = ܣ‬଴ ‫׬‬௬ మ ݀‫ݕ݀ ݔ‬
భ

Example(a).
Find the area bounded by the curve ‫ = ݕ‬4െ‫ ݔ‬ଶ and the ‫ݔ‬-axis.
Solution:
Graphing the curves,
࢟

૝
࢟ = ૝ െ ࢞૛
૜

૛
ࢊ࢟
૚ ࢊ࢞

࢞
െ૛ െ૚ ૙ ૚ ૛

Taking the area on the first quadrant, we have,

ଶ ସି௫ మ
‫׬ = ܣ‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ ݀‫ݔ݀ ݕ‬
ଶ మ
= ‫׬‬଴ |‫ |ݕ‬ସି௫
଴ ݀‫ݔ‬
ଶ
= ‫׬‬଴ (4 െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ) ݀‫ݔ‬
ଵ ଶ
= ቚ4‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଷ ቚ
ଷ ଴
ଵ ଵ
= ቂ4(2) െ (2) ଷ ቃ െ ቂ4(0) െ (0) ଷ ቃ
ଷ ଷ
ଵ଺
‫=ܣ‬ = 5.33 sq. units
ଷ
Since the area bounded in the first quadrant is symmetrical to the
third quadrant, therefore, the total area bounded is,
ଵ଺ ଷଶ
‫ = ܣ‬2 ቀ ଷ ቁ = ଷ = 10.67 sq. units

Example(b).
Find the area bounded by the curve ‫ ݕ = ݔ‬+ 2‫ ݕ‬ଶ, the ‫ݔ‬-axis and the line
‫ = ݔ‬10 on the first quadrant.
Solution:
Graphing the curves,
࢟ ࢞ = ࢟ + ૛࢟૛
૛ (૚૙,૛)
ࢊ࢟
૙ ࢊ࢞ ࢞
࢞ = ૚૙
െ૛

The area is,

ଶ ଵ଴
‫׬ = ܣ‬଴ ‫׬‬௬ାଶ௬ మ ݀‫ݕ݀ ݔ‬
ଶ
= ‫׬‬଴ |‫|ݔ‬ଵ଴
௬ାଶ௬ మ ݀‫ݕ‬
ଶ
= ‫׬‬଴ [10 െ (‫ ݕ‬+ 2‫ ݕ‬ଶ )] ݀‫ݕ‬

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME

 ଵ ଶ ଶ
= ቚ10‫ ݕ‬െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ‫ ݕ‬ଷቚ
ଶ ଷ ଴
ଵ ଶ ଵ ଶ
= ቂ10(2) െ ଶ (2) ଶ െ ଷ (2) ଷቃ െ ቂ10(0) െ ଶ (0) ଶ െ ଷ (0) ଷ ቃ
ଷ଼
‫=ܣ‬ = 12.67 sq. units
ଷ
Example(c).
Find the area bounded by the curve ‫ ݁ = ݕ‬௫ , the ‫ݕ‬-axis and the line ‫݁ = ݕ‬.
Solution:
Graphing the curves, ࢟ = ࢋ࢞
࢟
࢟= ࢋ (૚,ࢋ)
ࢊ࢞
ࢊ࢟

࢞
૙ ૚

The area is,

௘ ୪୬ ௬
‫׬ = ܣ‬ଵ ‫׬‬଴ ݀‫ݕ݀ ݔ‬
௘ ୪୬ ௬
= ‫׬‬ଵ |‫ |ݔ‬଴ ݀‫ݕ‬
௘
= ‫׬‬ଵ ln ‫ݕ݀ ݕ‬
= |‫ ݕ‬ln ‫ ݕ‬െ ‫ |ݕ‬ଵ௘
= [(݁) ln(݁) െ (݁)] െ [(1) ln(1) െ (1)]
‫=ܣ‬ 1 sq. unit

Example(d).
Find the area bounded by the curves ‫ ݕ = ݔ‬and ‫ = ݔ‬4‫ ݕ‬െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ by double
integration.
Solution:
Graphing the curves,
࢞ = ૝࢟ െ ࢟૛ 
࢟

࢞ = ࢟
(૜,૜)

ࢊ࢟
ࢊ࢞

࢞
(૙,૙)

Then,
ଷ ସ௬ି௬ మ
‫׬ = ܣ‬଴ ‫׬‬௬ ݀‫ݕ݀ ݔ‬
ଷ ସ௬ି௬ మ
= ‫׬‬଴ |‫ |ݔ‬௬ ݀‫ݕ‬
ଷ
= ‫׬‬଴ (4‫ ݕ‬െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ‫ݕ݀ )ݕ‬

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME

 ଷ
= ‫׬‬଴ (3‫ ݕ‬െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ) ݀‫ݕ‬
ଷ ଵ ଷ
= ቚଶ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ െ ଷ ‫ ݕ‬ଷ ቚ
଴
ଷ ଵ ଷ ଵ
= ቂଶ (3) ଶ െ ଷ (3) ଷ ቃ െ ቂଶ (0) ଶ െ ଷ (0) ଷቃ
ଽ
‫=ܣ‬ ଶ
= 4.5 sq. units

Exercise
Compute the area bounded by the given curves using double integration.
1. ‫ ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ ,‫ = ݔ‬2,‫ = ݕ‬0
2. ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = ‫ݔ‬, ‫ = ݔ‬4,‫ = ݕ‬0
3. ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 4‫ݔ‬, ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 4‫ݕ‬
4. ‫ = ݕ‬5‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ , ‫ = ݔ‬3,‫ = ݕ‬0
5. ‫ ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ ,‫ = ݔ‬1 െ ‫ݕ‬
6. ‫ = ݕ‬4‫ ݔ‬െ 4‫ ݔ‬ଶ, ‫ = ݔ‬2,‫ = ݕ‬0
7. ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ = ݕ‬8,‫ = ݔ‬2‫ݕ‬
8. ‫ ݕ = ݔ‬ଶ + 2‫ݕ‬, ‫ = ݔ‬8,‫ = ݕ‬0
9. ‫ = ݕ‬െ2‫ ݔ‬ଶ െ 4‫ݔ‬, ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ݔ‬
10. ‫ = ݕ‬4‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ , ‫ = ݔ‬3,‫ = ݕ‬0
11. ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬ଷ,‫ = ݕ‬2,‫ = ݔ‬0
12. ‫ ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ െ 6‫ ݔ‬+ 10,‫ = ݔ‬5,‫ = ݕ‬1
13. ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ , ‫ ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ
14. ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 2‫ݔ‬, ‫ݔ = ݕ‬
15. ‫ = ݔ‬ඥ‫ ݕ‬+ 1,‫ = ݔ‬3, ‫ = ݕ‬0

Volumes of a Solid of Revolution

Consider the figure below,

࢟ = ࢍ(࢞)
(࢈,ࢊ)
࢟ = ࢌ(࢞)
ࢊ࢞
ࢊ࢟

(ࢇ,ࢉ) ࢟

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME

 If the area bounded by the curves ‫ )ݔ(݂ = ݕ‬and ‫ )ݔ(݃ = ݕ‬is revolved about
the ‫ݔ‬-axis, the volume of the solid generated is given by the formula,
௕ ௬ ௕ ௬
ܸ = 2ߨ ‫׬‬௔ ‫׬‬௬ మ ‫ = ܣ݀ ݕ‬2ߨ ‫׬‬௔ ‫׬‬௬ మ ‫ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݕ‬
భ భ

Similarly, if the bounded area is revolved about the ‫ݕ‬-axis, as shown below,
࢟
࢟ = ࢍ(࢞)
( ࢈,ࢊ)
࢟ = ࢌ(࢞)
ࢊ࢞
࢞
ࢊ࢟

(ࢇ,ࢉ)

The volume is given by the formula,

௕ ௫ ௕ ீ(௬)
ܸ = 2ߨ ‫׬‬௔ ‫׬‬௫ మ ‫ = ܣ݀ ݔ‬2ߨ ‫׬‬௔ ‫׬‬ி(௬) ‫ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݔ‬
భ

Example(a).
Find the volume of the solid generated by the area bounded by the curves,
‫ ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ and
‫ ݔ = ݕ‬+ 2 revolving about the ‫ݔ‬-axis.
Solution:
࢟ = ࢞+ ૛
࢟
( ૛,૝)

࢟ = ࢞૛
ࢊ࢟
ࢊ࢞
(െ૚,૚)
࢞

The volume is,

ଶ ௫ାଶ
ܸ = 2ߨ ‫ି׬‬ଵ ‫׬‬௫ మ ‫ݔ݀ݕ݀ ݕ‬
௫ାଶ
ଶ ௬మ
ܸ = 2ߨ ‫ି׬‬ଵ ቚ ଶ ቚ ݀‫ݔ‬
௫మ
ଶ ଵ
ܸ= 2ߨ ‫ି׬‬ଵ [(‫ ݔ‬+ 2) ଶ െ (‫ ݔ‬ଶ ) ଶ] ݀‫ݔ‬
ଶ
ଶ
ܸ= ߨ ‫ି׬‬ଵ(‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 4‫ ݔ‬+ 4 െ ‫ ݔ‬ସ)݀‫ݔ‬
ଵ ଷ ଶ ଵ ହ ଶ
ܸ = ߨ ቚ ‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫ ݔ‬+ 4‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ቚ
ଷ ହ ିଵ
ଵ ଵ ଵ
ܸ = ߨ ቄቂ (2) ଷ + 2(2) ଶ + 4(2) െ (2) ହ ቃ െ ቂ (െ1) ଷ + 2( െ1) ଶ + 4( െ1)
ଷ ହ ଷ
ଵ
െ ହ (െ1) ହ ቃቅ
଻ଶ
ܸ= ହ
ߨ = 45.24 cubic units

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME

Example(b).
Find the volume of the solid generated by the area bounded by the curve,
‫ ݔ = ݕ‬ଶ and the line, ‫ = ݔ‬2 revolving about the ‫ݕ‬-axis.
Solution:
Graphing the curves,
࢟

(૛,૝)
࢟ = ࢞૛

࢞= ૛

࢞
ࢊ࢟
ࢊ࢞
࢞

The volume is,

ସ ξ௬
ܸ = 2ߨ ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬ଶ ‫ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݔ‬
ସ ௫మ ଶ
ܸ= 2ߨ ‫׬‬଴ ቚ ቚ ݀‫ݕ‬
ଶ ξ௬
ସ
ܸ= ߨ ‫׬‬଴ (4 െ ‫ݕ݀)ݕ‬
ଵ ସ
ܸ= ߨ ቚ4‫ ݕ‬െ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ ቚ
ଶ ଴
ଵ ଵ
ܸ= ߨ ቄቂ4(4) െ ଶ (4) ଶ ቃ
െ ቂ4(0) െ ଶ (0) ଶቃቅ
ܸ = 8ߨ = 25.13 cubic units

Exercise
Use double integration to find the volume of a solid generated by the area
bounded by the given curves revolving about the indicated axis of revolution.

1. ‫ ݕ = ݔ‬ଶ , ‫ = ݔ‬4, about ‫ݔ‬-axis

2. ‫ = ݕ‬ξ‫ݔ‬, ‫ = ݔ‬2,‫ = ݕ‬0, about ‫ݕ‬-axis
3. ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 4‫ݔ‬, ‫ = ݔ‬1,‫ݔ‬-axis, about ‫ = ݔ‬1
4. ‫ ݔ = ݕ‬ଷ ,‫ = ݕ‬8, ‫ = ݔ‬0, about ‫ݔ‬-axis
5. ‫ = ݕ‬2‫ ݔ‬+ 1,‫ = ݕ‬7,‫ = ݔ‬0, about ‫ݔ‬-axis
6. ‫ ݕ = ݔ‬െ 3,‫ = ݕ‬0, about ‫ݕ‬-axis
7. ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 8‫ݔ‬, ‫ = ݔ‬0,‫ = ݕ‬4, about ‫ = ݕ‬4
8. ‫ = ݕ‬4‫ ݔ‬ଶ,‫ = ݕ‬4‫ݔ‬, about ‫ = ݔ‬1
9. ‫ ݕ‬ଶ = 2‫ݔ‬, ‫ݔ = ݕ‬, about ‫ = ݔ‬0
10. ‫ = ݕ‬5‫ ݔ‬െ ‫ ݔ‬ଶ , ‫ = ݕ‬0, about ‫ = ݔ‬0

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME

 Triple Integration
Consider the integral,
௕ ௬మ ௫మ
‫׬‬௔ ‫׬‬௬ ‫׬‬௫ ݂(‫ݖ݀ݕ݀ݔ݀)ݖ(݂)ݕ(݂ )ݔ‬
భ భ

The limits ‫ݔ‬ଵ,‫ݔ‬ଶ,‫ݕ‬ଵ and ‫ݕ‬ଶ should be independent of ‫ ݔ‬and ‫ ݕ‬and the
limits ܽ and ܾ should be constants.
In evaluating triple integrals, same concepts as double integration can be
applied.

Example(a).
ଶ ଷ ଶ
Evaluate ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ ‫ି׬‬ଵ ݀‫ݖ݀ݔ݀ݕ‬.
Solution:
Taking the inner integrand,
ଶ
‫ି׬‬ଵ ݀‫ |ݕ | = ݕ‬ଶିଵ = 2— 1 = 3
Then, the second integrand,
ଷ
‫׬‬଴ 3݀‫| = ݔ‬3‫ |ݔ‬ଷ଴ = 3(3) = 9
And the last integrand,
ଶ
‫׬‬଴ 9݀‫ | = ݖ‬9‫ |ݖ‬ଶ଴ = 9( 2) = 18
Therefore,
ଶ ଷ ଶ
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ ‫ି׬‬ଵ ݀‫ = ݖ݀ݔ݀ݕ‬18

Example(b).
ଶ ௭మ ௬
Evaluate ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௭ ‫׬‬଴ ‫ݖ݀ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ ݔ‬.
Solution:
Taking the inner integrand,
௬ ଵ ௬ ଵ
‫׬‬଴ ‫ = ݔ݀ݕݔ‬ቚଶ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ‫ݕ‬ቚ = ଶ
[‫ ݕ‬ଶ (‫ )ݕ‬െ (െ‫ )ݕ‬ଶ (0) ] 
଴
ଵ
= ଶ ‫ݕ‬ଷ
Then, the second integrand,
௭మ ଵ ଵ ௭మ ଵ
‫׬‬௭ ଶ
‫ ݕ‬ଷ ݀‫ = ݕ‬ቚ଼ ‫ ݕ‬ସ ቚ = ଼
[(‫ݖ‬ଶ ) ସ െ (‫ )ݖ‬ସ ]
௭
ଵ
= ଼ (‫ ଼ݖ‬െ ‫ݖ‬ସ )
And the last integrand,
ଶଵ ଵ ଵ ଵ ଶ
‫׬‬଴ ଼ (‫ ଼ݖ‬െ ‫ݖ‬ସ )݀‫ = ݖ‬ቚ଼ ቀଽ ‫ݖ‬ଽ െ ହ ‫ ݖ‬ହ ቁቚ
଴
ଵ ଵ ଵ
= ቄቂ ( 2) ଽ െ ହ ( 2) ହ ቃ െ [ 0]ቅ
଼ ଽ
ଵ ଶଶ଻ଶ
= ଼
ቀ
ସହ
ቁ
ଶ଼ସ
= ଶହ
Therefore,
ଶ ௭మ ௬ 284
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬௭ ‫׬‬଴ ‫ݔ‬ ‫= ݖ݀ݕ݀ݔ݀ ݕ‬
25

Example(c).
ଵ ଶ௭ ௫
Evaluate ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬ଵ ‫׬‬଴ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫ݖ݀ݔ݀ݕ݀)ݕ‬.

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME

 Solution:
Taking the first integrand,
௫
‫׬‬଴ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫ ݕݔ| = ݕ݀)ݕ‬+ ‫ ݕ‬ଶ | ଴௫ = [‫ )ݔ(ݔ‬+ (‫ )ݔ‬ଶ ] െ 0
= ‫ ݔ‬ଶ + ‫ ݔ‬ଶ = 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ
Then, the second integrand,
ଶ௭ ଶ ଶ௭ ଶ ଶ
‫׬‬ଵ 2‫ ݔ‬ଶ݀‫ = ݔ‬ቚଷ ‫ ݔ‬ଷቚ = ଷ
[(2‫ )ݖ‬ଷ െ (1) ଷ ] =
ଷ
(8‫ ݖ‬ଷ െ 1)
ଵ
And the last integrand,
ଵଶ ଶ ଵ ଶ
‫׬‬଴ ଷ (8‫ ݖ‬ଷ െ 1)݀‫ = ݖ‬ቚଷ (2‫ ݖ‬ସ െ ‫)ݖ‬ቚ = ଷ
{[2(1) ସ െ (1)] െ 0}
଴
ଶ
=
ଷ
Therefore,
ଵ ଶ௭ ௫ ଶ
‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬ଵ ‫׬‬଴ (‫ ݔ‬+ 2‫= ݖ݀ݔ݀ݕ݀)ݕ‬ ଷ

Exercise
Evaluate the following integrals.
ଵ ଶ ଷ
1. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ ݀‫ݖ݀ ݕ݀ ݔ‬
ସ ξସି௫ మ ଶି௫ మ௬ మ
2. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ ݀‫ݕ݀ ݔ݀ ݖ‬
ଵ ଷ௬ ௫
3. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬ଵ (‫ݔ‬ െ 2‫ݕ݀ ݔ݀ ݖ݀ )ݖ‬
ଶ ௬మ ௬
4. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ 2‫ ݕ‬ଶ ‫ݔ݀ ݖ‬ ݀‫ݕ݀ ݖ‬
ଶ ௭ ௬ మାଵ
5. ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬଴ ‫׬‬ଵ ݀‫ݖ݀ ݕ݀ ݔ‬

Author: Harold Jan R. Terano, ECE, ME