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How To Perform Simple Linear Regression in SPSS

This document provides steps to perform simple linear regression in SPSS to analyze the relationship between hours studied (predictor variable) and exam score (response variable) for 20 students. It involves: 1) creating a scatterplot to visualize the linear relationship between variables; 2) fitting a simple linear regression model in SPSS; 3) interpreting output tables to determine the statistical significance and regression equation relating hours and predicted score; and 4) reporting the key results.

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LOZADA ALLYSA D.
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48 views8 pages

How To Perform Simple Linear Regression in SPSS

This document provides steps to perform simple linear regression in SPSS to analyze the relationship between hours studied (predictor variable) and exam score (response variable) for 20 students. It involves: 1) creating a scatterplot to visualize the linear relationship between variables; 2) fitting a simple linear regression model in SPSS; 3) interpreting output tables to determine the statistical significance and regression equation relating hours and predicted score; and 4) reporting the key results.

Uploaded by

LOZADA ALLYSA D.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How to Perform Simple Linear Regression in

SPSS
Simple linear regression is a method we can use to understand the
relationship between a predictor variable and a response variable.

This tutorial explains how to perform simple linear regression in


SPSS.

Example: Simple Linear Regression in SPSS


Suppose we have the following dataset that shows the number of
hours studied and the exam score received by 20 students:
Use the following steps to perform simple linear regression on this
dataset to quantify the relationship between hours studied and
exam score:

Step 1: Visualize the data.

First, we’ll create a scatterplot to visualize the relationship


between hours and score to make sure that the relationship
between the two variables appears to be linear. Otherwise, simple
linear regression won’t be an appropriate technique to use.

Click the Graphs tab, then click Chart Builder:


In the Choose from menu, click and drag Scatter/Dot into the main
editing window. Then drag the variable hours onto the x-axis
and score onto the y-axis.

Once you click OK, the following scatterplot will appear:


From the plot we can see that there is a positive linear
relationship between hours and score. In general, students who
study for more hours tend to get higher scores.

Since there’s a clear linear relationship between the two


variables, we’ll proceed to fit a simple linear regression model to
the dataset.

Step 2: Fit a simple linear regression model.

Click the Analyze tab, then Regression, then Linear:


In the new window that pops up, drag the variable score into the
box labelled Dependent and drag hours into the box labelled
Independent. Then click OK.
Step 3: Interpret the results.

Once you click OK, the results of the simple linear regression will
appear. The first table we’re interested in is the one titled Model
Summary:

Here is how to interpret the most relevant numbers in this table:

 R Square: This is the proportion of the variance in the


response variable that can be explained by the explanatory
variable. In this example, 50.6% of the variation in exam
scores can be explained by hours studied.
 Std. Error of the Estimate: The standard error is the average
distance that the observed values fall from the regression
line. In this example, the observed values fall an average
of 5.861 units from the regression line.

The next table we’re interested in is titled Coefficients:

Here is how to interpret the most relevant numbers in this table:

 Unstandardized B (Constant): This tells us the average value


of the response variable when the predictor variable is zero.
In this example, the average exam score is 73.662 when
hours studied is equal to zero.
 Unstandardized B (hours): This tells us the average change
in the response variable associated with a one unit increase
in the predictor variable. In this example, each additional
hour studied is associated with an increase of 3.342 in exam
score, on average.
 Sig (hours):  This is the p-value associated with the test
statistic for hours. In this case, since this value is less than
0.05, we can conclude that the predictor variable hours is
statistically significant. 

Lastly, we can form a regression equation using the values


for constant and hours. In this case, the equation would be:
Estimated exam score = 73.662 + 3.342*(hours)

We can use this equation to find the estimated exam score for a
student, based on the number of hours they studied. For example,
a student that studies for 3 hours is expected to receive an exam
score of 83.688:

Estimated exam score = 73.662 + 3.342*(3) = 83.688

Step 4: Report the results.

Lastly, we want to summarize the results of our simple linear


regression. Here’s an example of how to do so:

A simple linear regression was performed to quantify the


relationship between hours studied and exam score received. A
sample of 20 students was used in the analysis.
 
Results showed that there was a statistically significant
relationship between hours studied and exam score (t = 4.297, p
< 0.000) and hours studied accounted for 50.6% of explained
variability in exam score.
 
The regression equation was found to be:
 
Estimated exam score = 73.662 + 3.342*(hours)
 
Each additional hour studied is associated with an increase
of 3.342 in exam score, on average.

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