Eleventh Grade

Activity Book
Eleventh Grade
Edwina Johnson
Activity Book
Action Pack is a twelve-level course for Jordanian students,
leading them from the Basic to the Secondary stage. It is based
on the most modern methods of teaching language, combining a
topic-based approach with functional language practice, careful
attention to grammar and vocabulary and a comprehensive skills
syllabus.

This level is for Grade 11 students.

The Action Pack series offers learners:

• modern, interesting and relevant topics
• a clear and systematic approach to grammar, with thorough
practice
• integrated skills which work with a particular focus on reading
and writing
• consistent building and recycling of vocabulary
• special sections devoted to functional and situational language
• project work at the end of every module
• the development of critical thinking skills

Each level of Action Pack consists of a Student’s Book, an Audio

Cassette or CD, an Activity Book and a comprehensive Teacher’s
Book.

Center

Cover Photograph: Yarmouk River Edwina Johnson

 K INGDO
ITE M
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A

Activity Book
Eleventh Grade

Center
Edwina Johnson
Acknowledgements

The publishers and the writers would like to acknowledge the contribution made by the Review and Adaptation
Committee appointed by the Ministry of Education of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, through their guidance and
valued assessment of the materials, to the development of the New Action Pack 11 course.

Evaluation and Adaptation Committee

• Dr Hamza Ali Al-Omary
• Dr Hussein Mohammad Yagi
• Isam Radwan Al-Kasasbeh
• Haifa Hafez Takrouri
• Oba Talal Abu Hamdeh
• Arwa Hamad Al-Zurqan

‫ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻠﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﻗﻢ‬٢٠١٤/٣٧ ‫ﻗﺮﺭﺕ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺷﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺭﻗﻢ‬
.‫ﻡ‬٢٠١٥/٢٠١٤ ‫ﺑﺪﺀﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻲ‬
ً ٢٠١٤/٦/١ ‫ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬٢٠١٤/٣

The Ministry of Education has decided to adopt this book for Jordanian schools in accordance with
the approval of the Board of Education decision No. 37/2014 in its meeting No. 3/2014 on 1/6/2014
for the 2014/2015 academic year.

‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﻫﺪ ﺃﺑﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺩ‬
ّ ‫ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬

The authors and publishers are grateful to all those who York Press
have given permission to reproduce copyright material. 322 Old Brompton Road,
London SW5 9JH, England
© Dar Al Tarbawiyoun House of Education Ltd and
Pearson Education Ltd 2014 Pearson Education Ltd
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be Edinburgh Gate, Harlow,
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted Essex CM20 2JE, England
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, and associated companies throughout the world.
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the copyright holders. House of Education Ltd
Woodbourne Hall,
P.O. Box 916,
ISBN: 978-614-406-673-7 Road Town,
Printed 2014 Tortola,
Reprinted 2015–2019 British Virgin Islands
 Contents
Initial test page 4

FIRST SEMESTER

Module 1 Starting out page 6

Module 2 Celebrations page 11

Module 3 Sport page 20

Revision A page 29

SECOND SEMESTER

Module 4 Earth’s resources page 31

Module 5 The written word page 40

Module 6 World cultures page 49

Revision B page 58

Tests A & B page 60

Grammar notes page 64

Glossary page 70

Irregular verbs page 76

Assessment tools page 77

 i a l t e s t
Init
1 Match the sentences, then rewrite them 2 Complete the following dialogue using
using the correct defining relative clause. the phrases in the box. (1 mark each)
(2 marks each)
How about Let’s Why don’t shall
1 Leonardo Da where the swimmer
Vinci was the Martin Strel Ahmad: What (1) we do
artist swam the entire this weekend?
length of the
Jamal: (2) staying in and
Amazon River.
watching a film?
2 Emeralds when it rarely rains.
are precious Salah: I would rather go out.
stones (3) we go to the
beach instead?
3 Australia is a who were first found
country in Egypt. Jamal: That is a great idea!
(4) go!
4 2007 CE was whose great discovery,
penicillin, is a 4
the year
very important
3 Put the following words in the correct
medicine today.
category. (1 mark each word)
5 Sir Alexander which painted the
Fleming was Mona Lisa. Wollemi pines astronomy tropical
the doctor marble polar pearl botany ruby
1
Climate

2 Science

3 Materials

Trees
4

Precious
5 stones

8
10

4
4 Combine each sentence a with sentence 6 Read the dialogue between Nada and
b, using the Second Conditional. Fatima about Antarctica. Then, put the
(2 marks each) words in bold in a sentence of your own.
1 a My company (ask) me to move to (2 marks each)
another country. Nada: Did you know that the coldest
b I (refuse). temperature ever recorded on
Earth was -89.2 degrees Celsius,
in Antarctica?
Fatima: It must be the coldest continent
2 a I (have) more money.
on Earth!
b I (buy) a new car.
Nada: It is. People don’t inhabit
Antarctica, but sometimes
scientists live there for a few
3 a Rainforests (do/not) exist. months to do research.
b It (be) difficult to breathe. Fatima: What about animals?
Nada: Whales, seals, and penguins
are the most common animals
4 a I (go) to Spain on holiday. in Antarctica. However, most
b I (visit) Alhambra Palace. species can never survive in such
conditions.
Fatima: I heard that only about 4 per cent
of Antarctica is not covered with
8 ice.
5 Find five words that are related to global Nada: That’s true. The ice on Antarctica
warming, then write them down. is 90 per cent of all the ice on the
(2 marks each) planet! If that melted, it could
flood about a quarter of the
e x t i n c t i o n a c o Earth’s land surface!
l s h n r e c y c l e a r 1
b a d x a s o d x s b l g
2
h s s n h v n w s l h a a
3
d e f o r e s t a t i o n
4
t g t t t t e n w n s v i
5
a s c s a y r l c v n s c
10
s a w x s h v s b t a t t
g h v g v w e v l w v n l Total 50

1
2
3
4
5

10

5
Module 1 Starting out

a n d a c t i v e b r a in
h e a l t h y
A

Vocabulary

1 Match the words with their meanings. Then, write a sentence of your own using these
words.
1 This makes you feel very worried. a eyelids:
2 These help you move parts of your body. b muscles:
3 You’re like this when you’re asleep. c stress:
4 These cover your eyes. d heartbeat:
5 This describes one beat of your heart. e relaxed:

Grammar

2 Complete Eman’s email using the correct verb form from the box.

will have might want must be hasn’t woken up

is always working Why don’t we meet has already gone

Hi Hanan,
I’m writing a quick email because my mum is having a nap at the moment, so I can
use her laptop. She (1) a bit stressed because she
(2) under pressure at work.
How are your parents? Your dad (3) to Germany, right?
How’s school? My favourite subject at the moment is biology. We are learning
about the heart and the immune system. Did you know that when you are resting,
your heart beats between 50 and 100 times a minute? However, when you are
doing exercise, your heartbeat can go up to about 200!
My mum (4) , but she (5) to use the laptop
when she’s awake, so my email (6) to be short.
(7) soon?
Best wishes,
Eman

6
Vocabulary 1 How does Nadia feel at the moment?
3 Complete the sentences with adjectives She feels nervous.
from the box. One adjective is not needed. 2 What does she do in the evenings when
she’s revising?
worried confident great grateful
upset stressed happy 3 What does she do to take a break from
1 Mariam was upset when her best friend studying?
went to a different school.
2 I’m so __________ for my sister. She won 4 What makes her feel better?
the reading competition!
3 I’m really __________ about my dad. He’s 5 How else does she relax?
very ill.
4 I felt very __________ on the day of the
exam because I had studied very hard. Grammar
5 Jogging is a great way to stop feeling 6 Write three sentences about the text in
__________. exercise 5 using the Second Conditional.
6 Patients are always __________ to
Then, write two other sentences about
hospital staff.
you when you are studying for your
4 Complete the sentences with your own exams. Use the Second Conditional.
ideas. 1 If Nadia didn’t have exams, she wouldn’t feel
1 I feel stressed when nervous.
.
2
2
helps me to relax.
3 My friend gets upset when 3
.
4 I’m always grateful when people 4
.
5 5
makes me confident.

Reading

5 Read what Nadia says about how she

relaxes and answer the questions.
I am studying Civil Engineering at university.
I love the course and I’ve studied hard, but
my final exams begin tomorrow, and I’m
very nervous. When I revise for the exams, I
work long hours in the evenings, but I think
it would be better if I studied more in the
morning rather than late at night. Staying
awake at night makes me very tired. To give
myself a break from studying, I go for a run
in the evenings. Doing sport makes me feel
much better and less stressed. I also play
the piano, which is a great way to relax. It
makes me more able to concentrate when
I’m studying. 7
Reading
7 Read the following text about sleeping
difficulties. Match the headings with the
paragraphs. You do not need one of the
headings.
8 Read the text again. Use the words in the
1 How can insomnia be treated?
box to complete the text. One word is
2 What effects does insomnia have?
not needed.
3 What are the causes of insomnia?
4 What is insomnia? has shown wake up suffer apnea
A are making go to bed can stress

Many people around the world (1) suffer Grammar

from insomnia. For many, the problem is
getting to sleep; others have no difficulty
9 Complete the following sentences with
a defining or non-defining relative
falling asleep, but they then
clause. Remember to add commas where
(2) in the early hours and
necessary.
cannot get back to sleep.
1 People who
B
suffer from
The most common cause of insomnia is
insomnia.
(3) . Other common causes
2 Besides stress, insomnia can be caused by
include illness, caffeine intake and noise.
many factors which
Insomnia is more common in older people.
.
C
10 Write two sentences suggesting
It is important to treat the causes of
ways to treat insomnia. Use the ideas
insomnia instead of using medicine. If you
from the text in exercise 7 or your
suffer from insomnia, you need to deal with
own ideas. Start your sentences with
the issues and anxieties that
expressions like How about, What
(4) you stressed. You
about and Why don’t you.
need to establish a set routine, so that you
1
regularly (5) and get up at
the same time. Recent research
2
(6) that taking a bath
can help you go to sleep. Also, doing more
exercise during the day and having a warm
milky drink before bed (7)
help you relax, too.

8
Writing: A night-time story

11 Write about a dream you have had.

1 Think about the setting of your dream. Is it a real or imaginary place? What can you hear,
see and smell? Note down some descriptive adjectives. You can use these ideas:
• the biggest
• the most unusual
• the most wonderful
• the most beautiful
• the ugliest
• really frightening

2 What people, animals and/or objects are in your dream? Make notes about their
appearance and characteristics. Do you appear in the dream?

3 What happens in the dream? Use adverbs and linking words:

• Suddenly
• To my surprise
• First / Next
• Then
• In the end / At last / Finally
12 Now write your dream.

13 Give your dream a title. Read it to the class. Which is the nicest dream? Which is the
scariest?

9
 WHAT I CAN DO
Always Sometimes Rarely
I can use the vocabulary related to sleep
and stress.
I can complete an email using various verb
tenses.
I can use the vocabulary related to positive
and negative adjectives.
I can write sentences about myself using
positive and negative adjectives.
I can extract information from a text to
answer questions.
I can write Second Conditional sentences
about someone.

I can match headings to paragraphs.

I can complete sentences containing

defining and non-defining clauses.
I can write suggestions using How about,
What about and Why don’t you.

I can write a night-time story.

Total number of ticks

Always Sometimes Rarely

10
Modulee 2 Celebrations

ar o u n d t h e w o rl d
r a t i o n s
1 C e leb
Unit Amina: Yes, but you should tell your parents
that we’re going to be a bit late. The
fireworks (6) are finishing at 9 pm.
Vocabulary Khawla: OK, thanks. See you tomorrow!

1 Choose the best alternative to complete 1 are you doing

the advertisements. 2
1 Set off on the cruise of your lifetime with 3
the world-renowned / host ferry company, 4
Seatours. Choose your own special route
to make a dazzling / one-of-a-kind journey 5
which is made only for you! 6
2 Come to Jerash circus, a dazzling /
embellished performance including 3 Complete the email with will or won’t,
troupes / strolls of incredible dancers and be going to or be not going to or the
performers, and an atmospheric scorched / Present Simple.
floodlit stage.
3 Book a holiday in Aqaba! You’ll cherish /
honour your memories of its perfect
beaches and clear blue sea. You can stroll /  
herald along the seafront and relax, enjoy (1) Are
 going to     
the charm / stage of this delightful city …
 
  (2) 
4 Come to our school fair this Saturday. We’ll
embellish / stage a concert with our most      (3) 
talented singers. Art students will be there,   
  !
"  
selling their skilfully created hosts / wares.   ! "     


 !    (4)
Grammar
      !
2 Correct the future form of the six verbs  (5)  
 #
in the following dialogue, and write the      
"  !
correct form on the lines. $ (6)

Amina: Hi Khawla! What (1) do you do 
tomorrow? Are you busy?
%   & '' 
Khawla: Oh hi, Amina. I (2) am not going to
(7)   
!  !
do much tomorrow.
 
 
Amina: That’s good! Would you like to go
    ! !  
with me and Salwa to the Newtown’s
Firework display? (
Khawla: Yes, I’d love to – it sounds fun! What )
time is it?
Amina: Gates (3) are opening at 6 pm, and
the display (4) is going to start at
6.30 pm.
Khawla: Great! (5) Will we all meet at your
house?
11
 6 Write the questions and then answer
them about you. Use the future forms in
Vocabulary
brackets.
4 Choose the correct answer to complete
1 What / do / if it rains tomorrow (will)
the following sentences.
What will you do if it rains tomorrow?
1 The festival will include a of
I will stay at home and spend some time with
elephants and camels.
my brothers and sisters.
a ceremony b procession c mask
d celebration 2 What / not / do / in the holidays (going to)
2 At the procession, a is
going to play some nice music.
a group of authors b donation
c fireworks d band 3 What time / get up / on Saturday (going to)

3 The festival will open its doors to

for the poor.
a processions b gifts c donations
4 What job / have / in ten years' time (will)
d costumes
4 There will be plenty of fun .
a competitions b costumes
c fireworks d processions
5 What / do / on Friday (Present
5 The festival will end with a display of Continuous)
.
a masks b fireworks c authors
d costumes
6 When / the summer term / start / at
Grammar
your school (Present Simple)
5 Read the dialogues and circle the correct
alternatives.
1 Ahmad: What is your brother doing / will
your brother do this Monday?
Jamal: Well, he usually goes swimming on
7 Complete the paragraph with verbs in the
following future forms: Present Simple,
Mondays, but he isn’t going / doesn’t go
Present Continuous, going to and will.
this Monday because he’s got a cold.
2 Muna: I’m going to / I will play tennis Tomorrow is a holiday. My day
with Rana now, Mum. (1) at 7.30 in the morning.
Mum: When do you finish / are you going I (2) to the park with my
to finish your homework? friends. We (3) volleyball.
Muna: I’ll do / I do it when I get back. Then, we (4) lunch at the
3 Sami: Is Ashraf coming / Does Ashraf come restaurant by the lake. We
with us to the theatre today? (5) not there
Salah: I don’t know. I’ll call / I call him all day because we (6)
now and ask him. school the following day. We
Sami: Quick! The play starts / is going to (7) so much fun!
start in two hours.
12
Reading
8 Read the following article that Ahmad
has written for his school magazine. How
is he going to celebrate Eid al-Adha?

My favourite time of year!

Eid al-Adha is a celebration that begins
on the 10th of Thu al-Hijjah, according to
the Islamic calendar. Muslims celebrate
this event for four days. They wear their 3 What other acts of kindness might you
5 best clothes for Eid prayer and then greet do during Eid al-Adha? What do you
one another after prayer is over. Families think is the best way to remember the
visit each other, and children receive importance of sacrifice?
gifts. Family members usually gather
together for a celebration of delicious
10 Jordanian foods, such as the special dish 4 When will Eid al-Adha be celebrated this
called mansaf. year?
This year, I am spending Eid al-Adha with
the whole family at Aqaba. We are going
to visit Aqaba Museum and Aqaba 5 How are you going to spend Eid al-Adha
15 Castle. All the family members of all ages
this year?
will join in.

What’s most important about Eid

al-Adha is its spiritual significance. 10 Answer the questions about you.
Muslims slaughter lambs and give them 1 Where are you and your family going
20 to the poor and to relatives as an act this summer?
of kindness. Eid al-Adha is a time when
people remember the importance of
sacrifice, prayer and obedience to Allah. 2 What will you do there?

3 Where are you going to stay?

9 Read the article again and answer the 4 How long will you stay there?
questions.
1 Suggest a reason for wearing your best
clothes for Eid prayer.

2 What does Ahmad think is most

important in Eid al-Adha? Do you agree?
Why / Why not?

13
Writing: A tourist brochure

11 Write a page for a tourist brochure about a celebration or festival in Jordan.

1 Decide on the kind of festival or celebration you want to write about. Is it a music,
drama, literary or poetry festival, for example?

2 Where is the festival or celebration held? Indoors or outdoors? How long does it last?

3 What happens during the festival or celebration? What will tourists see if they come to
the festival? Are there parades or processions? Is there music? Do people perform? Are
there any special preparations for the ceremony?

4 Do people dress formally? Do people wear any special costumes or jewellery?

12 Now write your page for the tourist brochure.

14
Modulee 2 CCelebrations
elebrations

n d t r a d i t i o ns
u s t o m sa
i t 2 C
Un
3 Complete the advice about driving in
Jordan. Circle the correct alternative.
Vocabulary
If you are visiting Jordan from abroad and
1 Complete the following questions about you're planning to drive, you (1) have to /
daily customs and traditions in Jordan using mustn't follow these basic rules of the road.
words from the box below. Then answer You (2) must / don't have to hold a valid
the questions. One word is not needed. driving licence from your own country.
Foreign people can hold an international
impolite bowl shake doorbell
driving licence.
offend host
Remember that in Jordan you (3) have
Daily customs and traditions in Jordan to / mustn't drive on the right side of
1 Do you hands when you the road. You (4) mustn't / don't have to
want to greet each other? overtake on the right.
2 Do you enter a ’s house with All drivers and passengers (5) must /
your shoes on? mustn't always wear a seatbelt in the car.
3 Is it to arrive on time to a It's the law. Teenagers and adults (6) don't
dinner party? have to / have to sit in the back seat; they
4 Do you people if you eat can sit next to the driver.
noisily? When you get to a roundabout, you
5 If someone doesn’t have a , (7) must / mustn't give way to traffic that is
do you enter their house without knocking? coming from the left.

Grammar You (8) mustn't / must pay attention to

road signs!
2 Match the signs to the sentences.
4 Complete the sentences so they are true
for you.
1 2 3
1 When I’m at school I have to
.
2 At home I don’t have to
4 SILENCE 5 6 .
NO BALL GAMES
3 Our teacher says that we mustn’t
.
a You can park here. 4 At weekends I don’t have to
b You mustn’t walk on the grass. .
c You mustn’t park here from 12 noon till
8 pm.
d You have to ring the bell.
e You must be quiet.
f You mustn’t play ball games. 15
 Grammar

Vocabulary 6 Write the questions about Aisha's

5 Read Aisha’s email about her brother’s email. Then answer them with complete
graduation party and put the words from sentences. Use modal verbs of obligation
the box in the correct places. One word is and prohibition.
not needed. 1 Amer / wear / graduation costume all the
time
invitation costume career unique
luck successful sign traditions Does Amer have to wear his graduation
costume all the time?
Yes, he has to wear his graduation costume all
the time.
Hi Samira,
2 Why / Amer / take his hat off
I'm sad to know that you won’t be able
to come to my brother Amer’s graduation
from university. The entire party will be
very (1) unique because we are going to 3 What / a person / do / if / take the hat
experience some special (2) _____________ from Amer
which Amer brought with him from the
country where he studied medicine.
First, Amer has to wear his graduation
4 Amer / choose / leave the hat with this
(3) _____________ all the time. He
person
shouldn’t take his hat off because it is
supposed to bring him good
(4) _____________ in his future
(5) _____________. Speaking of the hat,
we’re going to play a game called “That’s
7 Write sentences about graduation
my hat”, in which Amer must keep the celebrations in Jordan using modal verbs
hat for himself. Whoever takes it should of obligation and prohibition.
answer a question that Amer asks about 1 wear special costumes and hats
the country he was in. If the answer is
correct, the person can keep the hat. If
not, Amer takes the hat back. He can also
choose to leave it with this person; he 2 have a graduation celebration at school
doesn’t have to take it. This is a
(6) _____________ that he wishes this
person to become as (7) _____________ as 3 hold a party with friends and family
he is.
I’ll write you back to tell you how the party
went.
Best wishes, 4 prepare special food for this occasion
Aisha

16
Vocabulary 10 Put the sentences in the correct order
8 Complete the phrasal verbs to match the to write a reply to the invitation in
meanings in brackets. One word is not exercise 9.
needed.
forward to in up with up
To: Mary
place up in up one
From: Claire
1 (happen) take place A We are having a small family get-
2 (put on formal clothes) dress together to celebrate her graduation as a
3 (be excited about) look
dentist.
4 (see someone you haven’t seen for a
B I hope that I can catch up with you
long time) catch
5 (participate) join again really soon. I want to hear all about
6 (enter the house) come your trip. Did you take lots of photos?
7 (put things away) tidy C 1 Thanks so much for inviting me to
8 (make contact with someone) look your grandparents’ party. It sounds like it’s
(someone) going to be a great occasion.
D Please pass on my congratulations
Reading
to your grandparents. They must have so
9 Read this invitation and complete many wonderful memories from their years
it with the correct form of the phrasal together.
verbs in exercise 8. Not all the verbs are E I’m really sorry but I can’t come as my
needed. sister is coming back from university that day.
Love,
Dear Claire,
Claire
Next Saturday, my grandparents are
celebrating their sixtieth wedding
anniversary, and my parents are organising 11 Write an invitation to a birthday party
a party for them. It’s going to (1) take place you are having.
at our house from 7 to 10 pm, and lots of my Include the following: date, time,
grandparents’ friends are going to come, so location, any special clothes,
they are really excited about it. entertainment, food and drink.

I (2) to it a lot, too, as there is

going to be a live band and folk dancing. It’s
going to be quite a formal occasion so I’ll
have to (3) . I will have to help my
mum to (4) the house, put up
decorations and prepare the food. I can invite
a friend to the party, so maybe you can
(5) . I hope you can come! It will
be a chance for us to (6) each
other as I haven’t seen you for so long.
Please let me know what you think.
Love,
Mary

17
Writing: A description

12 Write a description of a celebration that takes place in Jordan.

1 Choose a celebration. It could be a traditional celebration such as a festival or a family
occasion like a birthday or anniversary.

2 Think about the following questions:

When does your celebration take place, and where?

Are there any particular customs and traditions that take place during the celebration? Is
there anything you should or shouldn’t do?

Do people have to wear special clothes for the occasion?

What kind of entertainment is there? (music, games, parades, etc.)

What food and drink is there? Is there anything you can't eat?

Are there any special preparations people make before the event?

13 Now write your description.

18
 WHAT I CAN DO
Always Sometimes Rarely
I can use persuasive vocabulary in
advertisements.
I can write correct verb forms in the
future.
I can complete an email using the
correct future forms.
I can write questions and answers
using future forms.
I can extract information from a text
to answer questions.
I can write a tourist brochure about a
festival or celebration in Jordan.
I can use vocabulary related to
customs and traditions in Jordan.
I can match road signs with their
meanings.
I can use modal verbs of obligation
and prohibition to give advice about
driving in Jordan.
I can write about myself using modal
verbs of obligation and prohibition.
I can complete an email using
vocabulary related to customs and
traditions.
I can ask and answer questions
about an email using modal verbs of
obligation and prohibition.
I can write sentences about
graduation celebrations in Jordan
using modal verbs of obligation and
prohibition.
I can use phrasal verbs in an
invitation to a party.
I can order paragraphs to make a
reply to an invitation.
I can write an invitation to a birthday
party.
I can write a description of a
celebration in Jordan.
Total number of ticks
Always Sometimes Rarely

19
Module 3 Sport

m p i c G a m es
T h e O ly
n i t 3
U 3 The following sentences have a mistake in
their verb form. Underline the verbs and
rewrite the sentences in their correct form.
Vocabulary 1 The first athletic event for disabled
athletes is organised in 1948 CE.
1 Write the name of the sport. Choose
from the sports in the box. One word is
not needed.
2 The Winter Paralympic Games were first
cycling tennis basketball host by Sweden.
rugby athletics sailing

1 This sport is practised on a bicycle: cycling 3 People with visual disabilities will now
2 This sport takes place on water: be included among the six categories of
the Paralympics.
3 This team sport uses a ball, but
there is no net and the ball is oval:
4 The next Paralympic Games are held four
4 This sport uses racquets, a small ball and years from the last time they took place.
a net:
5 This is a team sport with a round ball
and a net: 4 Write sentences in the passive for the
following situations.
Grammar
1 You are telling your friend that your
2 Complete the following paragraph, which teacher gave you homework for the
is written by a student, with the correct
weekend.
form of the verbs in the passive.
I was given homework for the weekend (by
My classmates and I (1) ______________ my teacher).
(tell) to research some information about
2 You are asking your classmate if he
Paralympic athletes. I looked up Jordanian finished the article for the school
athletes who took part in the Paralympics, magazine.
and I found out that 12 athletes from
Jordan (2) ______________ (involve) in the
3 You are announcing to your friends that
2012 Paralympic Games. What impressed the football team will celebrate their
me even more was that many medals victory tomorrow.
(3) ______________ (give) to some of the
Jordanian athletes. I think that the next
4 You are stating to your classmates that our
Paralympic Games will be even greater, and bodies need a big amount of water daily.
more medals (4) ______________ (win) by
Jordanian athletes because they are practising
5 You are telling your parents that you and
very hard.
your classmates donated a small amount
of money to the homeless.

20
Reading 3 Examples of aerobic exercise are
5 Read the text below and then complete it a stretching and cycling.
with the words from the box. One word b walking and swimming.
is not needed. c walking and stretching.
d running and swimming.
increase aerobic achieved relaxed
4 Aerobic exercise improves
take part cycling exercise warm-up
a muscles and limbs.
Do you know how much (1) exercise is b bone strength.
recommended for teenagers nowadays? Well, c muscle and bone strength.
it’s quite surprising! According to the latest d bone strength and limbs.
medical research, young people need to 5 To avoid the risk of injury, you should
(2) their heart rates for twenty a start and end with special exercises.
minutes, at least three times a week. b stretch.
This will easily be (3) by most c go for a walk.
teenagers, especially if they walk to school d do a warm-down exercise.
every day and keep up a good pace. 7 Write the following sports and events in
According to the experts, the best form of the correct list.
exercise is aerobic. Aerobic exercise includes swimming stretching
sports such as running, (4) and walking running cycling
swimming.
When we (5) in aerobic exercise,
Aerobic Warm-up/down
we improve and develop our muscles and our
bone strength. We also feel happier and more
(6) afterwards.
The most important thing when you exercise
is to avoid injury. If you start with a
(7) exercise, such as stretching,
to help blood flow to your limbs, end with
Writing
a warming-down exercise like walking. The
main thing to remember is this: if it hurts, 8 Write a paragraph about the sports that
stop. you do. Consider the following.
Are they aerobic?
6 Read the text again and choose the
Are they team or individual sports?
correct answer.
Where and how often do you do them?
1 Teenagers need to exercise for
a 20 minutes, at least twice a week.
b 20 minutes, at least three times a
week.
c 3 minutes, 20 times a week.
d 20 minutes, three times a week.
2 The best form of exercise is
a aerobic.
b warm-up.
c warming-down.
d stretching and walking.
21
 (2) These things help to improve
athletic performance, but the most exciting
results could be when technology is used to
Vocabulary
work with the heart, muscles and skeleton.
9 Write the names of the venues. Use the
words in the box. One word is not needed. Using technology to replace body parts can
be especially helpful for disabled athletes.
court lake stadium track pool pitch Alan Oliveira, for example, a Brazilian
athlete who lost his legs as a child, can join
1 2 3 in races with other athletes today thanks to
his prosthetic limbs. (3) In fact,
progress in technology is now so fast that the
disabled could soon seem super-human.
(4)
stadium
4 5 12 Put the following phrases and
sentences a–d in the correct places 1–4
in the article above.
a As technology improves, more and more
disabled people like Oliveira will be
helped in future.
10 Match each venue from exercise 9 with a b All-in-one running suits have also been
sport below. developed that create less drag and give
a badminton 5 b running c athletics the athlete an advantage over a distance
d football e canoe sprint of 100 metres.
c It seems that technology is unstoppable,
Reading
just as much in sport as anywhere else.
11 How is technology changing sport? Read
d if the human heart doesn’t get bigger
the article to find out.
than it is now, no one will be able to run
Disabled or enabled? 1.6 kilometres in less than three minutes
Sportsmen and women have enjoyed great
achievements in recent years, but scientists say 13 Read the text again and answer the
that our natural limits will soon be reached. questions.
Man's fastest world record for the 100-metre 1 Are you for or against technology being
race is probably almost as fast as a human introduced into sport? Justify your
being will ever be able to run. So can we hope answer.
to continue the Olympic ideal of ‘better, faster,
stronger’ in future, or is this the end of the
story?
Biology affirms that (1) . However,
thanks to advances in technology, many 2 Do you think we will ever reach our
athletes have their shoes specially moulded to natural limits in sport? Explain.
their feet, and in cycling, bikes combine the
maximum lightness and strength to achieve the
greatest speed from the cyclist’s efforts.

22
Writing: A sports article

14 Write a magazine article about a sports event.

1 Choose a sporting event or competition. Is it local, national or international?

2 Where and how often does the event / competition take place? Is it always held in the
same town / city / country? For how many years has the event been held?

3 Is the event / competition just for one sport or do the athletes compete in different
events? Are there medals or other prizes?

15 Now write your article. You can use the following phrases:
… is held / takes place …
… every year / every two / four … years
… take part in …
… is / are awarded …

16 Read your article to the class. Which event / competition would you like to watch? Why?

23
Module 3 Sport

c r e a t i o n
4 R e
Unit
Hamed: Really! That sounds like a real
challenge!
Hisham: Yes, it is. It’s not easy.
Vocabulary
I (3) (follow) a really
1 The words in bold are in the wrong strict programme for eating, sleeping
sentences. Rewrite the following and training. I (4) (go)
sentences with the words in the correct to the gym four times a week, too.
places. Why don’t you come along with me?
Hamed: I’d love to, but I just haven’t had
1 You need a good relationship with your
time.
trainer, or equestrians, if you are going
Hisham: Why? What (5) you
to become an Olympic champion.
(do)?
Hamed: I (6) (study) all week
for my English exam. It’s tomorrow.
2 Professional riders are called dressage. Hisham: Well, once my race and your exam
are over, why don’t we get together
for a game of tennis?
3 Horses move at four speeds; walk, Hamed: Great idea! Let’s do that. Good luck
coach, canter and gallop. with your race. Hope you win!
Hisham: Thanks. You too for your exam.

4 In groom, which is a type of riding 3 Write questions in the Present Perfect

competition, horse and rider are judged Continuous.
for their skill and communication. 1 I’ve been learning English for five years.
How long have you been learning English?
5 If you want to work with horses, you can 2 I’ve been waiting for the bus for an hour.
become a horsewoman at a stable.
3 Today, I’ve been watching TV and
relaxing.
6 Many years of training are needed to
become a professional trot. 4 I’ve been reading an interesting story by
a Jordanian writer.

5 I’ve been studying Ancient Greece in

Grammar history this term.

2 Complete the conversation with the

Present Perfect Continuous form of the 4 Now answer the questions in exercise 3
verbs in brackets. about you.
Hamed: Hi, Hisham. You look exhausted. 1
What (1) have you been doing (do)? 2
Hisham: I’m doing a marathon next week and
3
I (2) (train) hard for
it for the last few months. 4
5
24
Vocabulary
1
5 Answer the following questions.
1 What is a wicker basket? What do you 2
think it could be used for?

2 Label the following picture using the words

3
from the box. One word is not needed.

net backboard basketball

metal hoop wicker basket 4

Reading

6 Read the following text about basketball. Match the paragraphs 1–3 with the headings a–c.
a Officially in Jordan
b Basketball back then
c Basketball at the Olympics
1 Basketball nowadays has become one of the world’s most popular sports. In fact, it was
invented in 1891 CE in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, by the Canadian teacher Dr James
Naismith. He wanted to create a sport that his students could play indoors during the cold
months of winter. The first basketball game consisted of two teams of nine players each.
They had to pass a football from one end of the room to the other and throw it into the
wicker basket that was attached to the wall at either end. Every time the ball was thrown
into the basket and a point was scored, a player had to climb a ladder to get the ball back. It
wasn't until the year 1906 CE that metal hoops, nets and backboards were introduced, and
basketball became the sport as we know it today.
2 Basketball spread to many countries around the world after it became an official Olympic
event at the Berlin Games in 1936 CE. Basketball in Jordan dates back to the year 1937 CE.
The Kingdom took part in the Olympic Games for the first time in 1980 CE, and since then it
has been sending athletes each year to compete in the Summer Olympic Games.
3 The Jordan National Basketball Team is the official basketball team in Jordan. Major efforts
are being made to improve basketball in Jordan, especially now that the national team has
been participating in many Arab and Middle East basketball competitions.
7 Answer the following questions.
1 What was the reason for the invention of the first version of basketball?

2 What happened after basketball became an Olympic sport in 1936 CE?

3 What improvements in basketball in Jordan are being made at the moment?

4 Do you play basketball? Do you enjoy playing or watching the game? Why / Why not?

25
Vocabulary enjoyable experience, which reduces stress
8 Match the words to make sports and transports the diver into a beautiful and
equipment. Then write sentences of your peaceful world. However, scuba diving is not
own using the five items. as easy as it sounds. That’s why I’d like to
provide you with some quick
hockey tennis cycling swimming ice (2) about safe scuba diving:
• Before your dive, ask your trainer for
stick helmet goggles skates racquet as much advice as possible. This will
guarantee that you will enjoy your diving
1 hockey stick: (3) .
• Once underwater, look around you. Are
2
there any unique (4) ? Are
there any plants? This will be a reference
3
point to help you find your way back.

4 • Before you start your dive, notice the

(5) . The best way is to start
5 diving against the current so that it helps
you get back easily.
• A (6) would be a good idea
Reading
to have. It will guide you through your trip
9 Read the following magazine article written and ensure you find your way back to the
by a diving trainer. Then, complete it with spot where you started.
the words from the box. One word is not
needed. Pay us a visit at Aqaba Diving and I guarantee
you will have a wonderful time underwater!
trip current trainer dive compass
10 Make questions about the magazine
athlete tips rocks
article in exercise 9 and then answer
them.
1 How long / Ameen / trainer?

2 Why / scuba diving / enjoyable

experience?

3 Who / provide / tips / safe scuba diving?

Hello, I’m Ameen. I’ve been a scuba diving

(1) at Aqaba Diving for six years. 4 What / dive compass / used for?
It’s the best place in the world for diving!
It’s true that scuba diving is an incredibly

26
Writing: A biography of a sports personality

11 Write the biography of a famous sportsman or sportswoman.

1 Choose a sports personality you admire. What sport do they do?
What nationality are they?

2 What age did they start doing their sport? Why did they take up the sport? What medals
and / or championships have they won?

3 Where and how often do they train? What are the difficulties that they face and how do
they overcome them?

12 Now write the sportsperson's biography.

13 Read the biography to the class. Decide with the class who is the greatest sportsperson
and why.

27
 WHAT I CAN DO
Always Sometimes Rarely
I can use the vocabulary related to Olympic
sports.
I can write correct verb forms in the passive.
I can write sentences in the passive based on
different situations.
I can use vocabulary in a text about exercise.
I can distinguish between aerobic activities
and warm-up/down activities.
I can write a paragraph about the sports that
I do.
I can differentiate between different types of
sporting venues.
I can complete an article with missing
information.
I can answer questions about technology in
sport.
I can write a sports article.
I can use vocabulary related to horseriding
correctly.
I can complete a conversation using the
Present Perfect Continuous.
I can write questions and answer them about
myself using the Present Perfect Continuous.
I can label a picture using vocabulary related
to basketball.
I can match paragraphs to their headings.
I can answer questions related to basketball.
I can write sentences using vocabulary related
to sports equipment.
I can use vocabulary in a magazine article
about diving in Aqaba.
I can ask and answer questions about a
magazine article.
I can write a biography of a sports
personality.
Total number of ticks
Always Sometimes Rarely

28
 i s i o n A
Re v

1 Listen to a radio commentary on a competition

in the Olympic Games, 2012 CE. Answer question 1
below.
1 What sport is the radio announcer talking about?
How can you tell?

Now listen again. Answer the rest of the questions.

2 Which team is losing at the beginning? Which words
tell you this?

3 Are the spectators enthusiastic? Write the words

that say this.

4 What does the announcer mean when he says

‘another one in the net’?

5 What is the final score? Is it a surprise?

2 With your partner, try to create a match commentary for a sport that you choose. Use
the Present Continuous and Present Simple tenses. Make notes below before you start
speaking. Make sure you use the following words.

pass team play net/goal shoot score miss court/pitch

29
3 Read these instructions about how to make a paper lantern for Eid al-Fitr. Close your
books and tell your partner how to make it.

a b c d e

What you need:

• A4 sheet of card
• Scissors
• Stapler

How to make your lantern:

1. Cut a two-centimetre strip off the short side of your card and put it aside to
use as a handle.
2. Fold the card in half along its length.
3. Make as many cuts as you like from the folded side and stop 2cm away
from the edge of the card.
4. Open out the card.
5. Fold it so the two short sides of the card come together and secure with a
staple at the top, and one at the bottom.
6. Staple the handle to the top of your lantern.

4 Now imagine you have made the paper lantern. You want to make a report about what
you did, using the passive voice. Write the report in your notebook, beginning as
follows.
A two-centimetre strip was cut off the piece of card and put aside to use as a handle. The
card …

30
Modulee 4 Earth’s resources

o f e n e r g y
S o u r ces
n i t 5
U
3 Rewrite the following sentences using
Vocabulary reported speech.
1 The words in bold are in the wrong 1 “Solar power and wind power are types
sentences. Choose words from the box to of renewable energy sources.”
correct them so that the sentences make The student said that
sense. Three words are not needed. .
2 “You should go to bed early on school
solar heat turbines panels
nights.”
cells steam generators biomass I told him that
.
1 Water can be heated up by heat panels,
which contain thousands of small solar 3 “Biomass is a renewable energy source
turbines. that is also a fuel.”
/ The teacher told us that
.
2 Wind biomass can be used to convert
wind energy into electricity. 4 “I was sleeping when you called.”
Rania said that
when I .
3 Solar is natural material which is grown
or produced to be used as fuel. 5 “I hadn’t eaten fish and chips before I
came to England.”
Imad told me that
4 When biomass is burnt, the heated
.
water produces generators, which is
used to make electricity. 4 Work in pairs. Ask your partner what
they did yesterday after school. Take
Grammar notes to write around 50 words about
them using reported speech.
2 Circle the correct form of the verbs.
1 The teacher said that it is / was / has
been necessary to find different ways to
produce energy.
2 Dr Green also said that scientists decided /
had decided / were deciding to convert
the waste into fuel.
3 The government promised that they will
try / would try / have tried to use more
renewable energy sources.
4 The article said that some energy sources
are used / had been used / are being
used for a very long time.

31
 This solution comes from spreading
Vocabulary knowledge and awareness about the use
and preservation of Earth’s resources.
5 The words and phrases 1–4 are natural
resources. How are they used in our From her wise words, we can take some
daily life? Choose phrases from the box valuable lessons: firstly, that everyone must
and make one sentence for each natural work together to create a world in which
resource. One phrase is not needed. there can be continuous development, and
secondly that nobody is too small to help to
drinking and irrigation
achieve this.
growing plants and supporting buildings
building bridges and making cars 1 Where could you read this kind of
heating homes and running cars article: in a newspaper, in a magazine or
breathing and generating electricity in an encyclopaedia?

1 fossil fuel: Fossil fuel is used for heating

homes and running cars. 2 What was the subject of Queen Rania’s
2 water: talk?

3 air:
3 What can powerful people in the Middle
4 metal: East do to help the situation?

Reading
4 How do you think children and schools
6 Read the article and answer the following can help?
questions.
Queen Rania of Jordan, speaking at a
conference in Abu Dhabi, considered the
7 How could your class help to raise
problems of non-renewable energy for
awareness about the importance of
future generations. She said “those who
switching to renewable energy? Write
have had the least to do with climate around 50 words.
change and energy crises are paying the
highest price,” and continued by proposing
steps towards creating a brighter future for
children.
Queen Rania suggested that all the people
in power in the Middle East should
encourage their countries to start using
renewable energy sources, and she even
suggested that children and schools should
be part of the solution.

32
Vocabulary
8 Choose as many words as you can from the picture below to make five sentences about
natural resources, energy and power.

Reading
9 Read the following article about the Borneo
rainforest. Suggest a title for the article.

The Borneo rainforest is an ecological region on the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia. It
is the richest rainforest in the world. It is home to thousands of plant species, hundreds of
bird species and a very large range of animals. Living things are not the only resources in the
Borneo rainforest; minerals and fossil fuels are hidden underground.
Recently, companies from Europe, the United States and Australia have drilled for large
amounts of oil and natural gas. People have also cleared large areas of the rainforest for logging
and growing oil palms. These trees make oil that can be sold for a lot of money. We have to
save the remaining rainforest; otherwise, it will lose more than half of its natural resources.

10 Answer the following questions about the article in exercise 9.

1 What makes this region in Borneo a rainforest?

2 How is the Borneo rainforest being destroyed?

3 What do you think people can do to protect and save the Borneo rainforest?

4 In your opinion, how can we make use of the rainforest’s resources without destroying it?

33
Writing: A job application

11 Complete a form to apply for the following job as a care assistant.

Vacancy for Enthusiastic Young Person

Care assistants needed to look after patients at a hospital.
The job requires you to be well organised, sociable and compassionate. You must be responsible,
caring and willing to learn quickly.
You will discuss duties with nurses, make patients feel at ease and bring food and drink to the wards.
You should have previous experience in a position of responsibility, and you should be able to
dedicate at least two days per week to working at the hospital.
If you think you have what it takes to work with our patients, fill in an application form today.

1 What kind of information would you provide in an application form?

2 What reasons might you have for applying for this job? Write notes.

12 Now complete the application form.

CARE ASSISTANT
Application Form
Surname: First name:
Date of birth: Gender: Male / Female
Address:
Email: Telephone:
Education: School: _________________
Grade: _________________ Specialisation: _________________
Work experience or positions of responsibility:

Briefly tell us why you would be good at this job. Refer to the advertisement.

13 Exchange books with your partner to show them your application form. Do you think
your partner is suitable for the job? Why / Why not?

34
Modulee 4 Earth’s resources

u r c e s i n J o r d an
u r a l r e s o
6 N a t
Unit
Vocabulary
1 Complete the following paragraph about
biofuels with the words from the box.
One word is not needed.

tidal abundant derived worldwide

biofuels primary

(1) are fuels that are

(2) from living matter,
including plant material and animal waste. a biofuel plant
There’s a difference between
(3) biofuels, which are
used for heating and electricity production, 3 Now write the interviewer’s questions
and secondary biofuels, which are used in from the paragraph in exercise 2.
vehicles and industry.
1 Have you ever worked in this domain?
(4) production of biofuels
from crops means using large pieces of 2
land, and therefore keeping less land for
food production. 3
People (5) need to be
careful with biofuel production and be aware
4
of its bad effects on Earth’s resources.
Grammar
5
2 Correct the verb forms in bold and write
their correct form below.
Last week, I had a job interview in a 4 In your notebook, write five questions
company that works to preserve natural you would like to ask your partner. Ask
resources. The interviewer asked me if I your questions, then write your questions
(1) have ever worked in that domain. He and your partner's answers in reported
also asked me whether I (2) know what speech.
kinds of task my job required. He then
asked me if I (3) have a specific salary in
mind. He wondered whether I (4) will be
able to work full time in the company. He
also wanted to know whether I (5) am
planning to take this job as a career.
1
2
3
4
5 35
 Reading

7 Read the article and answer the following

Vocabulary questions.
The African Wildlife Foundation (AWF)
5 Look at the words in the table. Complete
is a non-profit organisation that works
the table with a noun, adjective or
for the conservation of the communities,
adverb.
lands and wildlife of Africa. It has many
Adjective Noun Verb offices throughout Africa, and its projects
aim at ensuring an ever-lasting future
accountability -
for the African people. The organisation
consequence - has been training hundreds of Africans in
maintenance conservation and has been working closely
reliant/ / with law officials to increase penalties
- comprehend on hunters, especially those who hunt
endangered animals.
pollutant/
AWF earns millions of dollars through
6 Choose the best word or phrase to funding, thanks to donors who appreciate
complete these sentences. the organisation’s selfless mission and
contribution to the preservation of Earth’s
1 Earth has a finite / finished supply
natural resources.
of fossil fuels, so we need to find
alternative energy resources. 1 How do you think AWF trains the
African people in conservation?
2 Your wellbeing / wellgoing is important,
so you should look after yourself.
3 The electric circuits in the school are
consistently maintained / routine 2 How does AWF contribute to the
maintenanced. preservation of Earth’s natural resources?
4 People must assume responsible /
accountability for their actions.
5 People are taking too many fish from
the oceans and consequently / resulting 3 In what way do you think you can help
there are not many left. AWF in its mission?
6 People are needing / reliant on fresh
water.

Writing

8 What kind of wildlife in Jordan do you

think needs to be preserved? How can
this be done? Write around 50 words.

36
Reading

9 Read this description of a line graph. What does the graph show?
110
In January 2012 CE, oil in Jordan
x
was selling at $66 per barrel.
100
Then it rose to $72 in February. x
x
Between February and May, the
price rose from $72 to $105. 90
x
x x
x
Between May and June, the

$ per barrel
price remained the same. Then

Price
80

in July, there was a drop in price

by $17. In August, the price rose 70
to $90. x

It rose again in September to

60
reach $99 in October. From
October to November, there
was a slight drop in price by 0
Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

June

July

Aug

Sept

Oct

Nov

Dec
$4. It fell again by $5 between This line means that the numbers from 0 to 60 are not displayed because there
is no information within this range of values.
November and December.

10 Answer the following questions about the description by calculating the exact prices
and amounts of oil. Use full sentences.
1 By how much per barrel did the price of oil rise between February and May?

2 What was the price of oil in Jordan in July?

3 What was the price of oil in October?

4 What was the price of oil in November?

5 What was the price of oil in December?

6 By how much did the price of oil rise between January 2012 CE and December 2012 CE?

11 Some of the exact figures in the graph have been missed out. Complete it as needed, by
reading the description in exercise 9 again. Then join the points on the graph to create
a line graph. Read the description again. Does it match your graph?

Writing
12 What is the general trend of the graph for the year 2012 CE? Justify your answer in one
or two sentences.

37
Writing: A magazine subscription form

13 Complete a form for subscribing to a magazine that deals with worldwide problems
facing natural resources.
1 What kind of personal information would you provide in a subscription form?

2 What might be the reasons for you to subscribe to such a magazine? Write notes.

14 Now complete the subscription form.

Our Natural Resources magazine subscription form

First name: Surname:

Age group: 20 and below 21 to 35 36 to 45 46 and above

Gender: Male Female

Address:
Email:

I wish to subscribe to Our Natural Resources magazine because

I wish to pay by:

Visa Mastercard Cash

Card number:

SUBMIT

15 Exchange books with your partner to show them your subscription form. Did your
partner complete the form correctly?

38
 WHAT I CAN DO
Always Sometimes Rarely
I can use the vocabulary related to energy
sources.
I can write sentences in reported speech.
I can report what my partner did in the
past.
I can categorise the uses of different
natural resources.
I can answer questions about an article
on the use and preservation of Earth’s
resources.
I can write a paragraph about the
importance of using renewable energy.
I can write sentences about natural
resources, energy and power.
I can suggest a title for an article.
I can answer questions about the Borneo
rainforest.
I can complete a job application form.
I can use vocabulary related to biofuels.
I can write correct verb forms in reported
questions.
I can report questions that my partner
would like to ask me.
I can complete sentences using
compound adjectives and recognise word
formation.
I can answer questions about the African
Wildlife Foundation.
I can write about the preservation of
wildlife in Jordan.
I can analyse a graph about oil prices in
Jordan.
I can answer questions related to a graph.
I can complete a graph.
I can complete a magazine subscription
form.
Total number of ticks
Always Sometimes Rarely

39
Modulee 5 The written word

t e r a t u r e
i t 7 Li
Un
3 Some of the verb forms 1–7 in the
following dialogue are incorrect. Rewrite
Vocabulary them correctly.
Huda: Hi Lubna, where are you going?
1 Complete the following paragraph with
Lubna: I’m just off to the library. I want
the words from the box. One word is not
(1) taking out some books as we’re
needed.
going on holiday tomorrow. I’ve just
writer poet journalist author finished (2) to read Jane Eyre. Have
novelist narrator playwright you read it?
Huda: Oh, I prefer (3) listening to books on
CDs because I spend so much time
If you write any kind of published material,
(4) to drive.
you are an (1) __________. If you specifically
Lubna: I’m considering (5) downloading
write for a newspaper or a magazine, you are
e-books from the Internet. That way,
a (2) ____________. However, if you write
I’ll be able (6) taking more books with
fictitious narrative books, you are a
me when I travel.
(3) ___________. On the other hand, if you
Huda: That’s a good idea.
write shorter, rhyming pieces, you are a
Lubna: Yes, I just love (7) to sit by the pool in
(4) ___________. If you write dialogue which
the hotel with a great novel. Anyway,
will be performed by actors in a theatre, you
I’ll see you soon.
are a (5) ____________. If you like writing
Huda: Enjoy your holiday!
for pleasure, but you’ve never had anything
published, you might describe yourself as a 1 to take out
(6) __________. 2
Grammar 3
4
2 Complete the sentences with the
infinitive or gerund form of the verbs in 5
the box. 6
7
swim ride have study play
4 Choose activities from List A and verbs
from List B to make five sentences of
1 I don’t like in the sea.
your own.
It’s too cold.
2 We wanted tennis, but List A reading painting swimming
it was raining. travelling cycling
3 When I was younger, I loved
my bike. List B like prefer want suggest hope
4 They suggested lunch 1
at the Japanese restaurant.
2
5 He’s hoping medicine
3
at university.
4
5
40
Vocabulary The Wanderer is one of Gibran Khalil Gibran’s
5 Complete the following paragraph with masterpieces. I read a lot of books by Gibran
the types of book from the box. One and this one is my favourite. It is a collection
word is not needed. of 52 short stories which all revolve around the
novel biography play
theme of people being unable to communicate
non-fiction anthology short stories
well with one another and manage their different
emotions. The book contains many moral lessons
and pieces of wisdom, which are delivered to the
reader through very simple stories.
Reading this book was a very relaxing
experience. I found myself in this book and felt
that it is related so much to my daily life. It
made me rethink a few things in my life and see
them from a different, deeper perspective.
This week’s top five titles It is a good book for one to keep and leaf
1 The life and work of Ibn Battuta: This through every now and then.
gives an account of the
journeys and writings of the 14th-century 7 Complete the following table with the
traveller. words and expressions from the box.
2 Wuthering Heights: a new edition of
perhaps Emily Brontë's most famous my favourite
. a collection of 52 short stories
3 The Young Person’s Encyclopaedia of contains many moral lessons and pieces of
Space: a work that wisdom very relaxing a good book
is an essential reference book for all
schoolchildren. Fact Opinion
4 Poems of the Masters: a poetry my favourite,
collecting the most
important works ever written.
5 Dubliners: an excellent collection of 15
by James Joyce.

Reading
6 Read Salah’s book review. What do you
think is the relationship between the Writing
picture and the book that Salah has
reviewed? 8 Salah says that The Wanderer is a
masterpiece. What makes this idea a fact
or an opinion? Justify your answer.

41
Reading
9 Read the summary of a popular book. What kind of
book is it? Choose from the items below.
1 a novel about growing up
2 a detective novel
3 a biography

This is the story of the life of a boy in Victorian England, from his childhood until his
adulthood. The story takes place in the English countryside and London. As a young boy,
Pip meets a man and a young girl, both of who continue to affect his life in different ways.
When he grows up, he is given a lot of money, and he goes to London to study, although
he does not know where the money has come from. There, he becomes a gentleman and
learns more about the world. Eventually, he finds out that the prisoner who he met as a
child is paying for his lifestyle, and he also realises that his family are important, and he
decides that he wants to live a simple life, after all.

10 Now read the review and check your answer to exercise 9. Then complete the text with
adjectives from the box.

fascinating sympathetic realistic rural embarrassed immature

A
This is my favourite of all Charles Dickens’ novels. It is a (1) story that includes
comedy and tragedy, reality and fantasy.
B
The book is set in (2) England and high society in London. It begins with Pip
meeting and helping a man, Magwitch, who will later give him the money he needs to become
a gentleman. It follows Pip to London, where he becomes (3) by his poor
relations and starts spending a lot of money. In the end, he is reminded of the true value of life
through experiences such as grief, love and family support. The novel ends happily.
C
The story is told by the main character, Pip. On the one hand, Pip presents himself as an
(4) character, having a deep desire to improve himself and become a
gentleman. This desire leads him to behave badly with the people who love him. On the other
hand, Pip shows that he is a generous and (5) character through many acts of
kindness that he performs towards the people who love him.
D
I would recommend this novel to anyone who likes mysteries and novels set in the past. It
is a very (6) look at one person’s process of growing up. It also makes the
important point that money cannot always buy happiness or make someone a gentleman.

11 Match the paragraphs A–D with the summaries 1–4 below.

1 Author and type of book 2 Main character
3 Setting and plot 4 Opinion and reasons why you should read it

42
Writing: A character description

12 Describe a fictional character from a novel or a play.

1 Choose a character from a book or play that you know. Write down the name of the
character, the title and type of the work and the author’s name.

2 What is your character like? Write down some adjectives to describe them. Why
would / wouldn’t you like to meet them?

3 What happens to your character? You can use these phrases:

At the start …
One day
First / Next
Then
In the end / At last / Finally

4 Write your character description using your notes above.

13 Read your character description to your class. Which other character would you most
like to meet? Why?

43
Modulee 5 The written word

u n i c a t i o n
Comm
Unit 8
3 Each of these sentences has an incorrect
verb form. Rewrite the sentences using
Vocabulary the correct form of the verbs.
1 Complete the following paragraph with 1 I wrote an email when the phone rang.
words related to written communication.
You are given the first letter.
People first started written communication 2 People were finding simple ways to
through (1) p and drawings communicate before writing was
on cave walls. When the invented.
(2) a was invented,
it became a lot easier for people to
communicate. This writing system was made
up of letters and (3) s 3 While he was staying in Paris, he had
which represented sounds. Then, when visited his grandparents.
(4) m m
prevailed, it introduced the whole world
to (5) n and magazines. 4 We were taking a taxi because the bus
However, the blind could not benefit from didn’t come.
these forms of communication, and that’s
when the language of (6) B
was invented.
5 My daughter learnt the alphabet by the
Grammar
time she started school.
2 Choose the correct form of the verbs to
complete the summary about Braille.
While Louis Braille (1) was studying /
had studied at the Royal Institute of the 4 Answer the questions about you.
Blind in France in 1821 CE, a young 1 What were you doing at ten o’clock this
military officer (2) demonstrated / was morning?
demonstrating the system of dots he
(3) had invented / was inventing.
2 Who were you talking to an hour ago?
After Braille (4) had seen / was seeing
the system, he (5) had worked / worked
for many years to improve and complete 3 What did you do yesterday evening?
the communication method that soldiers
used. He (6) created / was creating a 4 What had you learnt to do by the time
reading system that used six dots in 64 you started school?
combinations of letters, numbers and
symbols. Blind people could ‘read’ this
by running their fingers lightly across the
page. Sixteen years after the death of Louis
Braille, blind people (7) were using / had
used Braille all over the world.

44
Reading 6 Answer the following questions about
5 Complete the following text about sign sign language.
language with the words from the box. 1 Write a definition of sign language using
all the words in the box from exercise 5 in
deaf system communication one sentence.
gestures sign

Sign language as we know it today originated 2 Which countries introduced sign language
in 1755 CE, when a Frenchman, Charles Michel
in the 18th century?
de L’Epée, started a school for deaf people
in Paris. His form of (1)
consisted of gestures, hand signs and finger
spelling. The L’Epée system was the first 3 Do you think sign language is as practical
example of French (2) and easy as spoken language? Why / Why
language. not?

Around the same time, in 1778 CE in

Germany, Samuel Heinicke was working on a
4 Create your own sign language for the
(3) to teach deaf people how
to read lips. following sentence: “I like reading a book
before I sleep.” Share this sentence with a
Meanwhile, in Britain, Thomas Braidwood
partner. Did you express it the same way?
opened the first school for the
(4) in 1783 CE. At that time,
students were using his form of sign language.
Later, this became British Sign Language. 7 Write 8 sentences in the Past Perfect to say
In 1816 CE, after he had seen people what Sara, Ahmad, Asma and Fawzi had
using sign language in Paris, an American, and hadn’t done by the time they started
Dr Gallaudet, introduced the system in the school. Then write about you.
USA. This, combined with various Fly Learn to Cook Play
(5) that deaf people were a tell the on a house
kite time campfire
still using in the USA at the time, formed
American Sign Language. Sara ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗
Ahmad ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓
Asma ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗
Fawzi ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗
Me

1 Sara had flown a kite, but she hadn’t learnt to

tell the time.
2 Ahmad
3 Asma
4 Fawzi
5 Sara
6 Ahmad
7 Asma
8 Fawzi
9I
45
 9 Answer the following questions about
the text in exercise 8.
Reading
1 What are the teenagers in paragraph 1
8 Read the text about how teenagers doing? Why is this surprising?
communicate with each other. Do you
communicate with your friends like this?

2 In your own words, explain what the

A group of five teenagers are meeting in a writer means by ‘the teen technology
restaurant. They haven’t seen each other
revolution’.
for a few weeks because it’s the school
holidays. Despite this, three of them are
5 texting other friends, and the two others
are playing games on their phones. They
3 Does the writer feel that teenagers
occasionally stop their phone conversations
to chat for a few minutes, but most of their have the right balance between
time together is spent in silence. communicating via technology and
talking face-to-face? Explain your answer.
10 Does this scene sound familiar? Would you
rather text than talk face-to-face? If you
feel lost without your smartphone, chances
are that you’re part of the teen technology 4 What are the main problems that instant
revolution.
messaging has caused?
15 Every generation does things differently
from their parents, but modern-day
teenagers are revolutionising
communication – and it’s not all positive. 5 Do you agree with the writer’s
A survey found that 56 per cent of the recommendation in the last paragraph?
20 teenagers asked would still prefer to hold Why / Why not?
an important conversation face-to-face,
rather than on the phone. However, it also
found that spending time on social network
websites is now considered to be the same 10 Imagine you are preparing a survey to
25 as socialising with friends.
ask adults about their relationship with
The survey found that the main problem technology and communication. What
with technology and instant messaging
questions would you ask?
is that ‘text speak’ (words abbreviated to
single letters or symbols) has started to
30 encroach upon other areas of their lives.
They report accidentally using text speak in
face-to-face conversations, in emails and
even in school essays.
So, if you are lucky enough to be part of the
35 technological generation, remember that
technology is important, but friends, family
and face-to-face conversations should be
top of the list!

46
Writing: A short story

11 Write a short story called The message.

1 Imagine you receive one of the messages below. Choose one.
a You have won first prize of a holiday of your dreams.
b I need your help! Come quickly! 12 Beach Road.
c I have something important to tell you. Call me on ...

2 How do you receive the message? Who is the message from?

3 How do you respond to the message? What happens?

12 Write your story.

13 Read your story to the class.

47
 WHAT I CAN DO
Always Sometimes Rarely
I can use the vocabulary related to types of
writer.
I can complete sentences using the
infinitive and gerund forms of verbs.
I can correct verb forms in a dialogue.
I can write sentences using the infinitive
and gerund forms of verbs.
I can use the vocabulary related to types of
books.
I can differentiate between fact and opinion
in a book review.
I can specify the type of book by reading
its summary.
I can complete a book review with relevant
adjectives.
I can match paragraphs to their headings.
I can describe a fictional character.
I can use vocabulary related to written
communication.
I can complete a paragraph using the
correct narrative tenses.
I can write sentences using the correct
narrative tenses.
I can answer questions about myself using
narrative tenses.
I can complete a text using vocabulary
related to sign language.
I can answer questions related to sign
language.
I can write sentences using the Past
Perfect.
I can answer questions about how
teenagers communicate.
I can write questions for a survey.
I can write a short story.
Total number of ticks
Always Sometimes Rarely

48
Module 6 World cultures

9 F o o d
U n i t
3 These sentences should be in the
causative. Find the mistakes and write
the correct sentences on the lines below.
Vocabulary 1 I’m going to cut my hair at the new
1 Find the synonyms of the words in the hairdresser’s.
box from sentences 1–4 and write both
words in the gaps below. Then write your 2 She needs to repaired her car.
own sentence using the additional word
in the box.
3 I need to mended the air conditioning
marinated spiced raw seasoned unit.
mansaf stew
4 They will that broken window fixed.
1 Ceviche is made from uncooked fish.
=
5 He had his favourite meal cook by a chef.
2 The dish in South Africa is made from
flowers. =
6 I repaired my phone after I dropped it.
3 I like chicken that is soaked in lemon
juice. =
4 When food is spiced with herbs, it tastes
4 These sentences are in the causative
or the active forms. Make any changes
better. = necessary to improve the meaning. Some
sentences are correct and will not need
5
any changes.
Grammar 1 I want to take my photo in front of
Buckingham Palace.
2 Reorder the words to make sentences in
the causative.
2 I need to paint the bathroom. I’ll call the
1 flowers / had / We / arranged / for /
painter today.
sister's / my / wedding

2 the / explained / wanted / again / I / 3 I made breakfast for the family this
lesson morning.

3 sent / letter / to / got / the / I / France 4 I dry-cleaned my suit yesterday.

4 friend / best / wanted / photo / I / a / 5 I wrote an email to my aunt this

with / taken / my afternoon.

5 car / Dad / fixed / his / yesterday / had 6 Go and get your hands washed. They’re
very dirty.

49
 Vegetarian
Mushrooms, onions and peppers are the
main (7) that top this
Vocabulary
healthy pizza.
5 What types of pizza can you see in the
pictures? Find their names in the box 7 Answer the following questions.
below. 1 What types of pizza can you name other
seafood pizza vegetarian pizza than the ones mentioned in exercise 6?
seasoned pizza chicken pizza

2 Which of the pizzas mentioned in exercise

6 do you prefer? Justify your answer.

3 What kind of vegetables would you have

in a vegetarian pizza?

1 2 8 Look at the list of recommended daily

servings and the chart showing what
Hind, Amer and Jihad eat each day.
Choose the correct alternative to complete
the sentences. Then, complete the table
and write about your eating habits.
3 4 Recommended daily servings are:
Fats and sugars: very little
Reading
Fruit: 2–4
6 Complete the pizza menu using the words Vegetables: 3–5
in the box. One word is not needed. Proteins: 2–3
✗ = serving
oven herbs baked recipe chicken
Number Number Number of Number
ingredients vegetables seafood of of servings of of
servings servings vegetables servings
Pizzeria Expert of sweets of fruit of meat
All our pizzas are (1) baked in our special Hind ✗✗✗✗✗✗ ✗ ✗✗ ✗✗✗✗✗✗✗
(2) using the freshest Amer ✗✗ ✗✗✗✗ ✗✗✗✗✗✗ ✗✗✗✗✗
(3) . These include ripe Jihad ✗ ✗✗✗✗✗ ✗ ✗
tomatoes from Italy and the finest cheeses. Me
Pizza Herbivore
1 Hind eats too many / doesn’t eat enough
Three of the most popular
sweets.
(4) are used to flavour the
She doesn’t eat enough / eats too much fruit.
cheese and tomatoes on this delicious
pizza: basil, oregano and parsley. 2 Amer eats the correct amount of / doesn’t
eat enough fruit.
Marine Pizza He eats too much / doesn’t eat enough meat.
This (5) pizza will delight
those of you who love all kinds of fish. 3 Jihad doesn’t eat too many / enough sweets.
He eats the correct amount of / too much
Meat Feast fruit.
This is a carnivore’s dream with plenty of
4
beef and (6) .
50
Vocabulary Calories and health
9 Match the methods of cooking with the A calorie is a unit of (1) ____________. When
you hear that a substance contains 100 calories,
definitions. One word is not needed.
it’s a way of describing how much energy it
roast melt fry grill boil gives your body.
Most foods and drinks contain calories. Some
1 roast: cook in the oven foods, such as lettuce, contain
2 : cook in a pan with a (2) ____________ calories – a cup of lettuce, for
little bit of butter or oil example, contains fewer than ten calories.
3 : cook in very hot water One gram of protein or carbohydrate contains
on the stove 4 calories, and the same amount of fat contains
(3) ____________ that number – 9 calories. So,
4 : cook under a hot part
to find out how many calories there are in a
of the oven
type of food, you can multiply the number of
Grammar grams by the number of calories in a gram of
10 Read Kevin’s list. Write sentences in that food group.
the causative with want, get or have. We all need energy, so a healthy, balanced diet
includes the right number of calories –
My to-do list not (4) ____________, and not too few.
1 go for a hair cut Teenagers need more calories than younger
2 go for an eye test children. Teenage boys on average need
3 ask the dentist to check my teeth 2,200 to 3,200 calories a day, and girls of
the same age need 1,800 to 2,400 calories a
4 ask the tailor to shorten my jacket
day. However, whether they are girls or boys,
5 ask Farid to take a photo of me
teenagers who are active and move around a lot
6 ask the bike shop to fix my bike
will need more calories than those who don’t.
If you eat more calories than your body needs,
1 the leftover calories are converted to fat.
2 (5) ____________ fat can lead to health
3 problems. Exercising is really important, too,
4 because activity burns calories.
5
12 Read the text again and write T
6
(true) or F (false). Correct the false
Reading statements in your notebook.
1 A cup of lettuce contains
11 Read the text and complete it with the
a small number of calories.
missing words.
1 a weight b length c energy 2 Eating a lot of fat is bad for you.

2 a few b a lot of c too many 3 It is impossible to find out how

many calories are in a type
3 a half b more than c less than
of food.
double
4 Our bodies need calories to
4 a enough b much c too many
give us energy.
5 a Too much b Not enough c Some
5 People who are less active
need more calories than
people who are active.
51
Writing: Your favourite dish

13 Write a description of a traditional dish from another country.

1 What is the dish called? What country does it come from?

2 Think about the following questions:

• What does the dish consist of?
• Does it have meat or fish?
• Is it sweet? Is it spicy?
• What are the health benefits of this dish?

3 What is the history of the dish?

4 Now write the description of your traditional dish, focusing on its health benefits.

14 Read your description to the class. Which dish would most people like to try?

52
Module 6 World cultures

c i v i l i s a t i o ns
A n c i e nt
n i t 10
U 3 Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?
Correct the false sentences.

Vocabulary 1 The statues might have been

1 Complete the following sentences related transported by planes.
to ancient civilisations with words from
the box. One word is not needed.
2 Some scientists have suggested
settling remains inhabitants that the islanders could have
illiterate lifestyle majestic used rollers made from trees to
move the statues.
1 The of this city were
living in peace.
2 The history of this 3 The islanders might have rocked
civilisation is carved in the city’s stones. the statues with ropes to move
3 The Nabateans were not them.
because archaeologists have found some
inscriptions.
4 The of a past civilisation 4 The large stomachs on the
tell us a lot about its culture. statues must have made it
5 Nomadic people kept travelling and difficult for the islanders to move
in different places. the statues.

Grammar
2 Complete the text, using the past form of
the modal verbs in brackets.
4 Write your own speculations about how
The giant heads of Easter Island have been
the statues were transported and why
a mystery for centuries. Scientists have
they were built. Use might have, could
wondered how the islanders
have and must have.
(1) (could transport) the
huge stone statues 18 kilometres from The islanders might have
where they were made. The islanders did not
have wheels or any kind of machine, which
leads some experts to believe that they
(2) (must use) sledges,
ropes, and rollers made from trees to move
the ‘Moai’, as the statues are called.
Another speculation that archaeologists have
put forward is that the islanders
(3) (might move) the
statues, which weigh on average 10 tons,
by rocking them forward with ropes. The
islanders (4) (could be able)
to do this because of the large stomachs that
had been carved on the statues. 53
 7 Answer the following questions
1 What do you think the citadel’s
structures, tombs, walls and stairs might
tell us about the civilisations back then?
Reading

5 This is a photograph of ancient ruins as

well as modern-day buildings. Which 2 Do you think a country’s remains and
city is this? What do you think the ruins should be preserved? Why / Why
photograph suggests? not?

3 How do you think an ancient civilisation

can affect modern-day culture?

4 Name other archaeological sites in

Amman. Have you been to any of them?
If so, what was so impressive about
them? If not, which sites would you like
6 Read the following text and check your to visit?
answers to exercise 5.
Several different peoples have inhabited
Grammar
the city of Amman since antiquity. The
earliest settlement was recorded to date 8 Imagine that you had been born 100
from around 7,000 BCE. The peoples left a years ago. Write sentences about how
5 lot of remains behind, which can tell us a your life would have been different. Use
great deal about their culture. the modal verbs shown and add one
Among the remains is the Amman Citadel more of your own.
or Jabal al-Qalaa. The citadel has witnessed 1 (might have)
the rise of many different empires I might have travelled to school on a horse
10 throughout the centuries. Even though instead of by car.
archaeologists have been studying the
2 (could have)
citadel’s structures, tombs, walls and stairs,
a lot of the remains are still unexcavated.
The Amman Citadel is also the site of the 3 (couldn’t have)
15 Jordan Archaeological Museum, which
is home to a collection of artefacts from
the citadel, as well as objects from other
4 (might not have)
Jordanian historic sites.
This photo of Amman represents a mixture
20 of ancient Amman and modern Amman. It 5 (might have)
makes us reflect on how much an ancient
civilisation can affect our modern-day
culture.
6( )

54
 Reading Writing

9 Match postcards 1 and 2 with the pictures 10 Write a postcard from an archaeological
a–c. You do not need one of the pictures. site. Use could (not) have, might (not)
have or must (not) have. Mention the
following:
• where it is
• which civilisation lived there
a b c
• a brief description of what you have seen
• what yyou think of it
Place
1 stamp Place
here stamp
Hi Rakan here

This is a section from the mosaic floor at the

Roman baths in Bath, England, where I am
staying with my family. You can see part of a
sea horse. The colours have faded now, but the
mosaic must have been stunning during Roman
times. Men who visited the baths might have
first gone in the hot room, then sat in the cold
room before having a dip in the swimming pool.
I suppose the baths were
used a bit like our leisure Place
centres today! picture Place
See you soon here picture
Issa here

Place
11 Write five sentences about the tool in
2 stamp the picture below, using the modal verbs
here
Hi Malak in exercise 10.
We have just been to see the pyramids
near Cairo, Egypt. The Great Pyramid, which you
can see on this postcard, is absolutely huge! It
must have taken a lot of people to build it. The
guide told us that as many as 100,000 people
might have been needed. It must have been hard
work pulling those blocks. The Ancient Egyptians
built the pyramids by the River Nile, so they
could transport the stone blocks more easily to
the building site. The pyramids were made to
bury the Pharaohs of Egypt and to store their
belongings, but thieves have now taken a lot of 1
the treasure from the tombs.
See you soon 2
Place
Sana picture 3
here 4
5

55
Writing: A discovery article

12 Write a newspaper article about the discovery of an ancient civilisation. You should
imagine this civilisation.

1 Where was the site found?

Who found it and how?

2 Describe the site. Include the following:

• Who the site might have belonged to
• How the artefacts found might have been used
• What language the inhabitants spoke, what food they ate and what traditions they
had
• What might have happened to the civilisation that the site belonged to
13 Now write your article.

14 Read your article to the class. Whose civilisation is the most exciting? Why?

56
 WHAT I CAN DO
Always Sometimes Rarely
I can use the vocabulary related to food.
I can write sentences using the causative.
I can use vocabulary related to types of pizza.
I can complete a pizza menu.
I can answer questions about pizza preferences.
I can assess the amount of food consumed
based on recommended daily servings.
I can use vocabulary related to methods of
cooking.
I can write a to-do list in the causative.
I can complete a text about calories and
health.
I can state whether sentences about calories
and health are true or false.
I can write a description of a traditional dish
from another country.
I can use vocabulary related to ancient
civilisations.
I can complete a text using modal verbs of
possibility in the past.
I can state whether information about a
civilisation is true or false.
I can write my own speculations about a
civilisation using modal verbs of possibility in
the past.
I can make predictions about a photograph.
I can answer questions about the ancient
civilisation of Amman.
I can write sentences about my life 100 years
ago using modal verbs of possibility in the
past.
I can match postcards to their equivalent
picture.
I can write a postcard using modal verbs of
possibility in the past.
I can describe a tool in a picture using modal
verbs of possibility in the past.
I can write a story about the discovery of an
ancient civilisation.
Total number of ticks
Always Sometimes Rarely

57
 i s i o n B
Re v

1 Listen to this conversation about reading and different media. Which medium does
Sana prefer?
2 Listen again. Fill in the blanks with the missing phrases.
Sana: Hi. What are you doing?
Muna: Oh hello. I’m sorting out my books. Will you (1) ?
Sana: I’d love to help you. You have a lot of books!
Muna: Yes, I do. When I read I (2) ! What about you? Do you enjoy
reading?
Sana: I do enjoy it, but my parents bought me an electronic reader, which means I’m
(3) in a small space – on the reader. It’s much more
convenient!
Muna: Wow! I didn’t know they were so useful. I often download books on my parents’
computer, which is great because the screen is very large, so they’re
(4) , but of course, if you want to take them with you, it’s
impossible.
Sana: That’s true. I’ve (5) since I got my electronic reader, but
honestly, like you said, I miss feeling pages of real books.
Muna: Well, let’s (6) these real books, shall we?
3 Which medium do you prefer? Why? Discuss with a partner, referring to the text of the
listening exercise.
4 Look at graphs 1−4. Choose one (do not tell your partner which one!) and describe it to
your partner, using the vocabulary below. Your partner must guess which one it is. Then,
your partner does the same.

sharp(ly) slow(ly) decline steady/steadily rise uneven level gradual(ly)

1 2

3 4

58
5 Read the following recipe instructions about how to make pasta con sarde.
Choose the correct verb in the sentences.
a Stir / Chop in the pepper with the Parmesan, sardines and garlic, and remove from
the heat.
b Pour the water off the spaghetti. Serve / Add some olive oil and stir. Cover and
keep warm.
c Boil / Roast a large pot of lightly-salted water. Add the spaghetti, and cook for 8 to
10 minutes.
d Add / Fry the sardines, and cook for 1 more minute.
e Place a little olive oil in a frying pan, and cool / heat gently. Stir in the garlic, and
cook until golden, 2 to 3 minutes.
f Add the sardines, garlic and Parmesan on top of the pasta. Serve / Spice the dish
with additional Parmesan cheese.
g Mix / Season in the Parmesan cheese with the sardines and garlic.

6 Rearrange the steps in exercise 5 from 1 to 7 to make the dish. Would you make it?
Would you like to have it made for you?

7 You are working on your school newspaper. Write an email to your friend telling him/her
about what you do there. Make sure you include verbs such as enjoy, dislike, remember,
forget, try, and include vocabulary you learnt about newspapers.

8 Swap your email with your partner. Write a response.

59
 l e s 1 – 3 )
s t A (Modu
Te
Reading

There are many festivals in the world. Some of them have religious roots, others have
seasonal or cultural significance.
The seasonal festivals are decided by the lunar or solar calendar or by seasonal patterns.
Seasonal festivals are celebrated because of their effect on food supply. These festivals
5 are related to the agricultural seasons of the areas. Abundance of food or safe return of
the herds to farms have always been great festive occasions.
Religious festivals were established to honour the Creator. Two famous examples are Eid
al-Fitr, the feast that marks the end of the fast of Ramadan, and Eid al-Adha, the festival
marking the end of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca.

1 Read the article above. Are these 3 Complete the sentences with words from
sentences true or false? Correct the false the article. (1 mark each)
sentences. (1 mark each) 1 Some festivals have religious
1 Seasonal festivals are all decided by the s .
lunar calendar. 2 Seasonal festivals are decided by lunar
and solar c .
2 Seasonal festivals celebrate
3 Eid al-Fitr signifies the end of the
agricultural prosperity.
f of Ramadan.
3 Eid al-Adha is marked by a pilgrimage to 3
Mecca. Speaking
1 Circle the correct modal verb. Then
3 exchange the dialogue with a partner.
(1 mark each)
2 Answer the following questions. (1 mark
A: My holiday starts tomorrow. I (1) don’t
each)
have to / can go to school, so I’m going
1 Why were seasonal festivals celebrated? to go sandsurfing instead.
B: Where (2) should / can you practise this
2 Why were religious festivals established? sport?
A: I (3) don’t have to / shouldn’t go to
3 Name two famous religious festivals. California. Instead, I can go to Liwa Oasis
in Abu Dhabi.
4 Describe in your own words why B: You (4) must / should wear light clothes,
the two famous Islamic festivals are sunglasses and a hat to protect yourself
celebrated. from the sun.

60 4
 A: Maybe I (5) should / can also take a 4 a If the sleepwalker returns to bed
few surfing lessons before going to Abu without awakening, he remembers
Dhabi. everything.
5 b If the sleepwalker returns to bed
without awakening, he will not
2 Write the correct form of the verbs in remember anything.
brackets. Then exchange the dialogue
5 a Sleepwalking is not associated
with your partner. (2 marks each)
with other sleep problems such as
A: Did you see the Torch Relay of the insomnia.
Winter Olympic Games? It
b Sleepwalking has been associated
(1) _____________ (televise) all over the with other sleep problems such as
world. insomnia.
B: No, I didn’t see it. I (2) _____________
(never see) a torch relay. I would have 10
Writing
liked to watch it.
1 Write sentences. Use the Present Perfect
A: So you (3) _____________ (must Continuous form of the verbs and the
watch) the Torch Relay for the Summer information in brackets. (1 mark each)
Olympics next summer.
1 I / feel / tired / for. (the past week)
B: Where (4) _____________ the torch
_____________ (take) for the Winter
Olympics? 2 I / train / hard. (since the beginning of the
A: To Sochi, South West Russia, where the basketball season)
Winter Olympic Games
(5) _____________ (take) place. 3 My family / produce / silk. (for three
10 generations)

Listening
4 Our school / prepare / us. (for future
1 Listen and tick the sentence that you challenges)
hear. (2 marks each)
1 a Sleepwalking is a sleep disorder that
5 The student / study / hard. (to pass the
causes people to get up and walk
exams)
while sleeping.
b Sleepwalking has been considered a
sleep disorder that causes people to 5
get up and walk while sleeping.
2 Write a paragraph of 80–100 words in
2 a The sleepwalker is roaming the house, your notebook describing an outstanding
eyes open with a glassy, staring celebration or festival that you have read
expression. about. (10 marks)
b The sleepwalker roams the house, eyes
I read about the ___________ festival. It
open with a glassy, staring expression.
sounded exciting to me because...
3 a The responses of the sleepwalker are
slow or absent. 10
b The responses of the sleepwalker are Total 50
going to be slow or absent.

61
 l e s 4 – 6 )
s t B (Modu
Te
Reading

Phoenicia was an ancient civilisation located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea
from 1530 BCE to 300 BCE. The Phoenicians were great sea merchants who were well
known for their ships made of the famous Lebanese cedar trees. The Greeks and the Romans
referred to Phoenicians as the “traders in purple” because their main trading-product was the
5 purple dye of the Murex snail. They also invented the alphabet, which most modern alphabets
come from. The vowels were added later by the Greeks.
The Phoenicians lived in politically independent city-states. Their independent city-state ports
enabled them to be the link between the Levant area and the rest of the ancient world. The
first principal city-state was Byblos from where they controlled the Mediterranean and Red Sea
10 routes. The city of Byblos was also a great exporter of papyrus. Phoenician influence declined
after Phoenicia was conquered in 539 BCE. Then Tyre was destroyed in 332 BCE, and the
Phoenician civilisation died out.

1 Read the article above. Are these 3 Why was Byblos the first important
sentences true or false? Correct the false settlement?
sentences. (1 mark each)
4 What were the Phoenicians known for?
1 The Phoenician civilisation was made up
of independent city-states.
4
2 The Phoenician alphabet is the basis
3 Circle the correct answer. (1/2 mark each)
for all alphabets still in use today.
1 Which word has the same meaning as
3 The Phoenicians were famous “well known”?
conquerors. famous unimportant promenade
2 Which word or phrase has the opposite
4 The Phoenicians were a basic link meaning of “independent”?
between the Levant area and
able to work alone dependent
the rest of the ancient world.
insecure
3 Which isn’t connected to the Phoenician
4 civilisation?
2 Answer the following questions. sea trade alphabet occupation
(1 mark each) 4 Which word has the same meaning as
1 Where were the Phoenician settlements “settlement”?
located?
community communion commander

2 What did the Phoenicians invent? 2

62
Speaking b Charles Dickens talked about poverty
1 Circle the correct gerund or infinitive and bad conditions in his novels.
verb form. Then exchange the dialogue 4 a The language of Braille is used by
with a partner. (2 marks each) everybody.
A: How was your visit to Jordan? b The language of Braille is used by
B: Exciting! I (1) tasted / have tasted blind people.
delicious new appetisers.
5 a The Nabateans migrated to Petra
A: What did you like (2) to eat / eating during the 6th century BCE.
the most? b The Nabateans originally lived in
B: I tried (3) eating / to eat hummus and Petra during the 6th century BCE.
foul medames.
A: Were they delicious? 10
B: Yes, I intend (4) to learn / learning how Writing
to prepare them. 1 Rewrite the following sentences using
A: I hate (5) preparing / to prepare my
reported speech. (1 mark each)
own food. That’s why I always eat at
restaurants. 1 “I read Great Expectations last year.”
10 The student said that
2 Choose the correct verb form. Then,
exchange the dialogue with a partner. 2 “My children are spending too much time
(1 mark each) indoors.”
Salwa: Mum, I (1) have invited / have Mother said that
been inviting our friends to dinner.
Mum: Why (2) don’t you prepare / won’t 3 “I will serve you maqluba first and kunafah
you prepare maqluba?
afterwards.”
Salwa: OK. I (3) know / have known that it
includes seasoned and sliced meat, rice and Salwa told her guests that
vegetables, but how do you make it?
Mum: The vegetables (4) must / might be 4 “The Nabateans weren’t illiterate when
chopped and fried. After you finish they lived in Petra.”
(5) cooking / to cook them all together, you The archaeologist said that
flip the pot upside down and sprinkle fried
nuts over it. 5 “We have been examining deposits of
Salwa: It sounds delicious!
5 ash, marine species, cattle bones and
seashells at Knossos, Crete.”
Listening
The scientist said that
1 Listen and tick the sentence that you
hear. (2 marks each) 5
1 a Earth’s non-renewable resources
are threatened.
2 Write a paragraph of 80–100 words in
b Earth’s renewable resources are your notebook about a culture that you
threatened. would like to experience. Refer to its
traditions and customs but focus on its
2 a Solar energy is secondary renewable
cuisine. (10 marks)
energy.
b Solar energy is primary renewable 10
energy.
Total 50
3 a Charles Dickens wrote about poor
social conditions in his novels.
63
 a r n o t es
G ramm
You look tired. I’ll stay at home and help you.

UNIT 2

Modal verbs of obligation and prohibition

Module 2 ● English has several different ways of
talking about obligation (something that
UNIT 1
is necessary), prohibition (something that
The Present Continuous for future events we are obliged not to do), permission
● We can use the Present Continuous to talk (something that we are permitted to do)
about events in the future that have already and giving advice. Some of these use modal
been planned. verbs such as must, should and can. Modal
Next Monday we are celebrating my verbs do not change form in the present
brother’s graduation. tense.
They are buying a new house this year.
must/mustn’t
The Present Simple for timetabled future
● We use must + the infinitive to talk about
events
an obligation. We use mustn’t + the
● We can use the Present Simple to talk about infinitive for a prohibition.
events in the future that will happen at a I must do my homework. (The obligation
stated time. comes from the speaker.)
The festival starts on 20th October. You mustn’t talk in the library. (You are
The bus leaves at 8 pm. obliged not to talk in the library.)
going to for intentions have to/don’t have to
● We use going to + the infinitive to talk ● We can also use have to + the infinitive to
about intentions (things that have already talk about an external obligation.
been decided). You have to take off your shoes before
We are all going to attend the ceremony. entering someone’s home. (The obligation
I’m going to buy a cake for my friend comes from somebody else.)
tonight. ● We use don’t/doesn’t + have to + the
going to for predictions infinitive to say that something is not
necessary or not obligatory.
● We can use going to + the infinitive when
We don’t have to go to school on Fridays.
we predict what will happen, based on
(There is no obligation.)
evidence.
Look at the crowds! It’s going to be a lot of can/can’t
fun. ● We use can + the infinitive to say that
There are lots of clouds. It’s going to rain. something is possible or permitted.
will for spontaneous decisions You can have another slice of pizza if you
want to.
● We use will + the infinitive to talk about a
decision made at the moment of speaking. ● We use can’t + the infinitive to say that
I think I’ll have pasta for lunch. something is not possible or not permitted.
You can’t come in yet – the floor is wet!
64
should/shouldn’t The Future Simple passive
● We use should + the infinitive to ● We form the Future Simple passive with will
recommend an action or advise someone be + past participle.
to do something. The work will be finished by 5 pm.
You should go up the Eiffel Tower if you visit The project will be completed before the
Paris on holiday. deadline.
You should drive carefully all the time. UNIT 4
● We use shouldn’t + the infinitive to advise
The Present Perfect Continuous
someone against doing something.
You shouldn’t point at people. It’s rude. ● We use the Present Perfect Continuous to
Students shouldn’t leave their homework talk about an action or situation that began
until late in the evening. in the past and is still continuing.
I have been practising English every day.
Module 3 People have been playing ball games for
UNIT 3 centuries.
The passive form of verbs ● We can also use the Present Perfect
Continuous to talk about an action or
● Inpassive sentences, the subject of the
situation that began in the past and has just
sentence has something done to it, or is
finished.
affected by the action of the verb. The
What have you been doing for the past hour?
opposite is an active sentence, where
I’ve been reading my book.
the subject of the sentence performs the
● The Present Perfect Continuous is often
action. Passive sentences do not have to
used with expressions of time, to focus on
mention who or what is performing the
how long something has been happening.
action (the agent). If they do, the agent is
I have been waiting for you for half an hour.
introduced with by.
She has been working since 8 am.
In the ancient Olympic Games, winners were
awarded a medal, an olive branch and a ● The Present Perfect Continuous is formed
diploma. (passive; no agent) with has/have + been + the present
The record for the women’s heptathlon is participle (-ing form).
held by Jessica Ennis. (passive; the agent is I’m tired because I’ve been running.
Jessica Ennis) How long have you been doing your
Jessica Ennis holds the record for the homework for?
women’s heptathlon. (active) Module 4
The Present Simple passive UNIT 5
● We form the Present Simple passive with is/ Reported speech (from direct speech in the
are + the past participle. Present Simple and the Present Continuous)
The competition is held every year.
● We use reported speech to tell someone
The company’s finances are handled by Sara.
what someone else has said in the past.
The Past Simple passive We use direct speech when we give the
● We form the Past Simple passive with was/ person’s exact words. Direct speech is
were + the past participle. usually written inside speech marks (“ ”).
Many important things were invented in the
20th century.
The Olympic Games were started in Ancient
Greece. 65
● When we change a statement from direct Tense in direct speech Tense in reported speech
speech to reported speech, the tense of the Present Simple Past Simple
verb changes. We can use said (or other I'm a teacher. He said he was a teacher.
reporting verb) + that to introduce what Present Continuous Past Continuous
I'm having lunch with She said she was having
the person said.
my parents. lunch with her parents.
● When we change a statement in the Present Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple
Simple to reported speech, we change the I've been to France three He said he had been to
verb into the Past Simple. times. France three times.
“I have breakfast in the hotel every day.” Present Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Continuous
(direct speech) I've been working very
He said he had been
She said that she had breakfast in the hotel working very hard.
hard.
every day. (reported speech) Past Perfect
Past Simple
● When we change a statement in the Present He said he had bought a
I bought a new car.
new car.
Continuous to reported speech, we change
Past Perfect Continuous
the verb into the Past Continuous. Past Continuous
She said it had been
“I’m sitting on top of the mountain.” (direct It was raining earlier.
raining earlier.
speech) Past Perfect
Past Perfect
He said that he was sitting on top of the The play had started
NO CHANGE POSSIBLE
mountain. (reported speech) when I arrived.
Past Perfect continuous
Reported speech (from direct speech in the Past Perfect Continuous
I'd already been living in
NO CHANGE POSSIBLE
Past Simple and the Present Perfect) London for five years.

● As explained above, when we change a Note: Forming reported sentences is the

statement from direct speech to reported same when the sentences are facts.
speech, the tense of the verb changes. We “Our country imports oil and natural gas
use said (or other reporting verb) + that to from neighbouring countries. In my opinion,
introduce what the person said. Sometimes we have to be more careful with our energy
other words such as expressions of time consumption.” (direct speech)
have to change, too. She said that their country imported oil and
natural gas from neighbouring countries. In her
● When we change a statement in the Past
opinion, they had to be more careful with their
Simple to reported speech, we change the
energy consumption. (reported speech)
verb into the Past Perfect.
“I went to the National Gallery last week.” UNIT 6
(direct speech)
Reported questions
She said that she had gone to the National
Gallery the week before. (reported speech) ● We use reported questions to report a
“I checked my emails this morning.” (direct question that someone has asked. We use
speech) ask (or another reporting verb) to introduce
He said that he had checked his emails that reported questions. Reported questions do
morning. (reported speech) not have question marks at the end. The
● When we change a statement in the Present
verb tenses change as in reported speech.
Perfect to reported speech, we change the ● When the direct question has a question
verb into the Past Perfect. word such as who, where, when or why,
“Scientists have found a new source of the reported question uses the question
energy.” (direct speech) word.
He said that scientists had found a new “How long does it take to get to London?”
source of energy. (reported speech) (direct question)
“We have visited the ancient city of Petra The woman asked how long it took to get to
three times.” (direct speech) London. (reported question)
They said that they had visited the ancient “When did Jordan start competing in the
city of Petra three times. (reported speech) Olympics?” (direct question)

66
 He asked when Jordan had started competing We stopped to check our route on the map.
in the Olympics. (reported question) I remember playing in the park when I was
● When the direct question does not have a younger.
question word (questions with do or does), I must remember to return that book to the
we use if or whether to introduce the library.
reported question.
Try reading a work of fiction instead. You
“Do you like broccoli?” (direct question)
might find that more interesting. (try =
Asma asked me if I liked broccoli. (reported
question) experiment)
“Did you learn about Earth’s resources last I tried to finish the book during my holiday,
week?” (direct question) but it was too long. (try = attempt)
Fadi asked whether they had learnt about Note: The verb prefer can be used in two
Earth’s resources the week before. (reported different ways:
question)
I prefer reading/to read fictional novels. (a
Module 5 permanent fact)
UNIT 7 I would prefer to read an autobiography
today. (a preference for the immediate future,
Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives conditional)
● Some verbs can be followed by an -ing form UNIT 8
(gerund), but not by an infinitive. These Time expressions: when, by the time (that),
include avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, finish, before, while
practise and suggest.
● We use time expressions in dependent
He enjoyed travelling, and travelled all over
clauses to give extra information about
the world.
when events (in the main clause) took
Would you consider moving to another
place.
country?
● We use when to describe an event that took
● Some verbs can be followed by an infinitive, place at the same time as the main action.
but not by an -ing form. These include When we sat down to eat, the phone rang.
agree, ask, attempt, choose, decide, expect, It can also be used with the Past Perfect to
forget, hope, manage, offer, prepare, promise, talk about an event that finished before the
seem and want. event in the main clause.
I offered to help my father clean the car. When we had finished eating, the phone
She decided to study Law at university. rang.
● Some verbs can be followed by either an ● We use by the time to show that one activity
infinitive or an -ing form, with no difference was finished before the other one. We use
in meaning. These include begin, continue, it with the Past Simple in the dependent
hate, intend, like, love, prefer and start. clause, and the Past Perfect in the main
My brother likes playing the guitar. clause.
I prefer to read historical novels. I love getting By the time that I arrived at the station, the
to know the characters. train had left.
● Some verbs can be followed by either an ● We use before to say that one action
infinitive or an -ing form, but there is some happened before another. We can use the
difference in meaning. These include forget, Past Simple in the main clause if we know
remember, stop and try. when the action happened.
She stopped talking when she saw the Before I went to bed, I read a chapter of my
beautiful view. book.

67
● We use the Past Perfect if the action in the ● We use the Past Perfect to talk about things
main clause happened at an unspecified that happened before the main events of
time before the action in the dependant the story.
clause. He had dreamt of helping people all his life.
Before I met my pen friend, I had never met Finally, his dream was coming true.
an Australian. By seven o’clock in the evening, he had
● We use while to link two events that completed his homework.
happened at the same time. ● Toform the negative in the Past Perfect, use
While I was reading my book, my brother the auxiliary verb had + not + main verb
was watching television. (past participle).
While I was taking a bath, the doorbell rang. By the time I was twelve, I still had not been
Narrative tenses fishing.
● Toform wh- questions in the Past Perfect,
● Narrative tenses are verb tenses that we use
you need to decide whether it is a subject
to talk about the past. They are often used
or an object question.
when we tell stories and when we describe
past events. Three tenses that we use for › Subjectquestions (so-called because they
narratives are the Past Simple, the Past are questions about the subject of the
Continuous and the Past Perfect. sentence) do not change the order of the
● When we describe past events or tell stories subject and verb; all you need to do is
in the past, it is important not to mix past replace the subject of the sentence with a
and present tenses. The reader or listener question word.
will not understand when the events Who had learnt to speak two languages by
happened and your story will not be clear. the time he was five?
Omar had learnt to speak two languages by
● We use the Past Simple to describe the main
the time he was five.
events of a story, and to describe sequences
of events. We use the Past Simple for › Toform object questions (asking about
completed events in the past. the object, or second part of the sentence
After she said goodbye to her family, she got with the verb), add the question word
on the train to London. She sat down on her and swap the order of the subject and the
seat and looked out of the window. auxiliary verb.
● We use the Past Continuous for unfinished How long had you studied French before
actions and events at a point of time in the you became a translator?
past, and for repeated actions that were ● Toform yes/no questions in the Past Perfect,
happening over a period of time. swap the order of the subject and the
The young man was studying Engineering at auxiliary verb.
university. Had you finished all your work by this
I was working on my project for a month. morning?
● We also use the Past Continuous to describe Yes, I had.
the situation or background in which the
events of a story happen.
That day, my grandfather was celebrating his
birthday. In the garden, the sun was shining
and the birds were singing.

68
Module 6 ● We use could have + the past participle or
might have + the past participle for a specific
UNIT 9
possibility in the past (when we are not sure
The causative: have/get/want something done if something happened or not).
● We use the causative to talk about actions A car might have broken down on the road.
which we caused to happen. When we have She could have got lost on her way to our
or get something done for us, we cause it house.
to happen. We use the causative to say that ● We use must have + the past participle for a
we do not do an action, but instead ask deduction about the past when we believe
someone else to do it for us. that something is true and quite often when
● We use verbs like have, get and want in the we have evidence.
causative. He must have forgotten about our
appointment today.
● We use have/get/want + noun + past
I’ve lost my bag. I must have left it on the
participle to form this structure.
train.
I had my teeth checked by a dentist.
I will get my car fixed tomorrow. ● We use can’t have + past participle or
I want my lawn mowed today, please. Have couldn’t have + past participle to talk about
you got time? something we are certain about. We also use
these to express disbelief or surprise.
● We use have and get to mean the same thing.
She couldn’t have finished the project
I had this picture painted [by a painter]
yesterday. There was so much left to do!
yesterday.
It couldn’t have been Ahmad you saw
I got this picture painted [by a painter]
yesterday. He’s in Spain this week.
yesterday.
He can’t have robbed the bank. He’s such a
The meaning of both these sentences is ‘This
nice person.
picture was painted by a painter yesterday,
after I asked him/her to paint it.’ ● We use would have + past participle or
wouldn’t have + past participle to talk
● We use want as a causative to talk about
about a definite outcome in the past, if the
wanting something to be done.
situation had been different. In this case, the
I want my house repainted so I’m going to
if is not spoken.
phone a decorator.
I would have called you last night (if I had
I wanted my suit cleaned so I took it to a dry
known you were upset).
cleaner's.
I would have gone with you to the library, but
The meanings of these sentences are ‘I
you didn’t ask!
wanted someone to repaint my house so I
phoned a decorator’ and ‘I wanted someone
to clean my suit, so I took it to a dry
cleaner's.’
UNIT 10

Modal verbs of possibility in the past

● We can use modal verbs with the perfect
infinitive (have + the past participle) to talk
about possibility in the past.

69
 s s a r y
Glo
MODULE 2 - UNIT 1
abundantly /´"bønd´ntli/ (adverb) in large quantities
artefact /"A…tIfœkt/ (noun) an object such as a tool,
weapon, etc. that was made in the past and is
MODULE 1
historically important
apnea /"apni´/ (noun) a medical term for when you
can’t breathe be into [something] /Æbi "Int´/ (verb) to like and be
interested in something
brainwave /"breInweIv/ (noun) an electrical force
that is produced by the brain and can be measured carnival /"kA…nIv´l/ (noun) a celebration with music
and a procession
concentrate /"kÅns´ntreIt/ (verb) to think very
carefully about something you are doing charm /tSA…m/ (noun) a special quality someone or
something has that makes people like them
confident /"kÅnfId´nt/ (adjective) sure that
something will happen in the way that you want or cherish /"tSeÆrIS/ (verb) to regard someone or
expect something very important to you
essential /´"senS´l/ (adjective) extremely important commemoration /k´mem´"reIS´n/ (noun) something
or necessary in order to do something correctly or that makes you remember or respect an important
successfully person or event in the past
exhausting /eg"zO…stIN/ (adjective) making you feel dazzling /"dœÆzlIN/ (adjective) very impressive and
extremely tired attractive
eyelid /"aIlId/ (noun) the two pieces of skin that embellished /Im"belISt/ (adjective) decorated
cover your eye when it is closed fair /fe´/ (noun) an exhibition
grateful /"greItfUl/ (adjective) feeling that you want festivities /fe"stIv´Æti…z/ (plural noun) things such
to thank someone because of something kind that as drinking, eating or dancing that are done to
they have done celebrate a special occasion
heartbeat /hA…/bi…t/ (noun) the action or sound of float /fl´Ut/ (noun) foam support used when
your heart as it pumps blood around your body swimming
immune system /ÆIm"ju…n "sIÆst´m/ (noun) the system floodlit /"flødlIt/ (adjective) surrounded by a very
by which your body protects itself against disease bright light so that people can see at night
insomnia /In"sÅmni´/ (noun) the condition of not herald /"her´ld/ (verb) to be a sign of something that
being able to sleep is going to come or happen soon
involuntarily /InvÅl´n"ter´li/ (adverb) done without honour /"ÅÆn´/ (verb) to feel very proud and pleased
conscious control with something
lack /lœk/ (noun) when there is not enough of host /h´Ust/ (noun) a male person who has invited
something, or none of it guests and who provides the food, drinks, etc.
monitor /"mÅnIt‰…/ (verb) to carefully watch and imported /ÆIm"pO…tId/ (adjective) (of a product)
check a situation to see how it changes over a brought from one country into one's own country
period of time so that it can be sold there
reduce /rI"djUs/ (verb) to make something smaller in legend /"leÆdZ´nd/ (noun) an old, well-known story,
size or amount, or less in price often about brave people or adventures
REM /rem/ (noun) (rapid eye movement) a period one-of-a-kind /"wøn´v´ÆkaInd/ (adjective) unique
during sleep when your eyes move quickly when and completely different from anyone or anything
you are dreaming else
soundly /"saUndli/ (adverb) (of sleeping) deeply and peony /"pi…´ni/ (noun) a garden plant with large red,
peacefully pink or white flowers
snore /snO…/ (verb) to breathe noisily through your plaza /"plA…Æz´/ (noun) a public square or
mouth and nose when you are asleep marketplace surrounded by buildings
staff /stA…f/ (noun) the people who work for an procession /pr´"seS´n/ (noun) a line of people or
organisation, especially a school or business vehicles moving slowly as part of a ceremony
stressed /strest/ (adjective) so worried and tired scorched /skO…tSt/ (adjective) very hot
that you cannot relax
spectacle /"speÆkt´k´l/ (noun) a very impressive
show or scene
70
stroll /stroUl/ (verb) to walk slowly in a relaxed way willing /"wIlIN/ (adjective) prepared or ready to do
troupe /tru…p/ (noun) a group of singers, actors or something
dancers who work together
MODULE 3 - UNIT 3
wares /we´z/ (plural noun) articles and products for awareness /´"we´n´s/ (noun) knowledge or
sale understanding of a particular situation
world-renowned /w‰…ld rI"naUnd/ (adjective) known badminton /"bœdmInt´n/ (noun) a game like tennis
and admired by a lot of people around the world but played with a shuttlecock
MODULE 2 - UNIT 2 devoted /d´"v´UtId/ (adjective) being used for a
bond /bÅnd/ (noun) a special relationship that certain thing / supporting only this thing
people might develop, for example mother and disabling /dIs"eIblIN/ (adjective) describing an injury
baby, or twins that makes someone disabled
catch up with /kœtS "øp wID/ (phrasal verb) to spend exclude /Iks"klu…d/ (verb) to deliberately not include
time with someone finding out what has been something or someone
happening in their life financially /faI"nœntS´li/ (adverb) connected with
chopsticks /"tSÅpstIks/ (noun) the two thin sticks money or the management of money
you use to eat food in many Asian countries ice hockey /"aIshÅki/ (noun) a sport played on ice,
diverse /daI"v‰…s/ (adjective) very different from each in which players try to hit a flat, round object into
other the opposite team’s goal
doorbell /"dO…Æbel/ (noun) a button outside a house intellectual /Int´"lektS´l/ (adjective) someone who
that makes a sound when you push it so that is intellectual is well-educated and interested in
people inside know you are there serious subjects such as science, literature, etc.
elderly /"eld´li/ (noun) old people paralympic /pœr´"lImpIk/ (adjective) describing
hostess /"h´UÆst´s/ (noun) a female person who has the international competition for athletes with
invited guests and who provides the food, drinks, disabilities which is held after the Olympic Games
etc. profile /"pr´UfAIl/ (noun) a high profile is when you
impolite /ÆImp´"laIt/ (adjective) rude, not polite are well-known or get a lot of attention
invitation /ÆInvI"teIS´n/ (noun) a written or rowing /"r´UwIN/ (noun) a sport in which the
spoken request to someone, inviting them to go athletes make a boat move across water using oars
somewhere or to do something rugby /"røgbi/ (noun) a sport like football played
likely /laIkli/ (adjective) something that is likely will with an oval ball that you can catch and carry in
probably happen your hands
look someone up /lUk "sømwøn Æøp/ (phrasal verb) to sibling /"sIblIN/ (noun) sister or brother
visit someone you know, especially when you are in spectator /spek"teIt´/ (noun) a person who watches
the place where they live for a different reason a [sports] game
noodles /"nu…d´lz/ (noun) long, thin pieces of food, squash /skwÅS/ (noun) a game played by two
made from a mixture of flour, water and eggs, people who use racquets to hit a small rubber ball
usually cooked in soup or boiling water against the four walls of a rectangular court
offend /´"fend/ (verb) to upset someone by doing or tae-kwondo /taI"kwÅnd´U/ (noun) a martial art that
saying something they think is rude is like karate
peculiar /p´"kju…li´/ (adjective) belonging exclusively water polo /"wO…t´p´Ul´U/ (noun) a game played by
to a specific person, group, thing or place two teams of swimmers with a ball
proceeds /"pr´Usi…dz/ (noun) the money that wheelchair /"wi…ltSe´/ (noun) a chair with wheels
is obtained from doing something or selling used by people who cannot walk
something wrestling /"reslIn/ (noun) a sport where two people
regret /r´"gret/ (verb) to feel sorry about something fight by holding on to each other and trying to
you have done and wish you had not done it make the other fall to the ground
shake /SeIk/ (verb) to move suddenly from side to
MODULE 3 - UNIT 4
side or up and down
agility /´"dZIlIti/ (noun) the ability to move quickly
shave /SeIv/ (verb) to cut off hair very close to the and easily
skin
aspiring /´"spaIrIN/ (adjective) desiring and working
sublime /s´"blaIm/ (adjective) so good or beautiful towards something important
that it affects you deeply
audible /"O…dIb´l/ (adjective) a sound that is audible
tap /tœp/ (verb) to hit your fingers or an object is loud enough for you to hear it
lightly on something
dressage /"dresA…Z/ (noun) a competition in which
venture /"ventS´/ (noun) a new business activity that a horse performs a complicated sequence of
involves taking risks movements in answer to signals from its rider
71
 dump /dømp/ (noun) a site for depositing rubbish
finite /"faInaIt/ (adjective) having an end or a limit
equestrian /´kwestri´n/ (adjective) relating to forward-thinking /"fO…w´d "TINkIN/ (adjective) able to
horseriding plan for the future
flexibility /fleksI"bIlIti/ (noun) the ability to bend or fossil fuel /"fÅs´lfju…l/ (noun) a fuel that is produced
be bent easily by the very gradual decaying of animals and plants
over millions of years
fund /fønd/ (verb) to provide money for an activity,
an organisation or an event generator /"dZen´ÆreIt´/ (noun) a machine that
produces electricity
goggles /"gÅg´lz/ (plural noun) something that
protects your eyes when you are swimming or hands-on /hœndz "Ån/ (adjective) doing something
working with chemicals yourself, rather than just talking about it or telling
other people to do it
groom /gru…m/ (noun) someone whose job is to
clean, feed, ride and take care of horses heat /hi…t/ (noun) warmth or the quality of being hot
helmet /helmIt/ (noun) a protective hat invest /In"vest/ (verb) to use a lot of time, effort,
etc. or spend money in order to make something
lessen /"les´n/ (verb) to become smaller in size, succeed
importance or value
kerosene /"ker´si…n/ (noun) an oil that is burnt for
oar /O…/ (noun) a long pole with a wide, flat blade at heat and used in lamps for lighting
one end, used for rowing a boat
lead /li…d/ (noun) being the first; a leader
partnership /pA…/n´SIp/ (noun) the relationship
between two people, organisations or countries panel /"pœn´l/ (noun) a flat piece of material that
forms part of a door, window or roof
pebbles /"peb´lz/ (noun) small stones
sedimentary /sedI"mentri/ (adjective) [+ rock] made
revolution /Ærev´"lu…S´n/ (noun) a complete change of the solid substances that settle at the bottom of
in ways of thinking or methods of working the sea, rivers, lakes, etc.
shuttlecock /"Søt´lkÅk/ (noun) a small, light object shale /SeI´l/ (noun) a type of soft rock that oil can
that you hit over the net in the game of badminton be extracted from
stamina /"stœmIn´/ (noun) physical or mental solar /"s´UÆl´/ (adjective) using the power of the
strength that lets you continue doing something for sun’s light and heat
a long time
sunlight /"sønÆlaIt/ (noun) natural light that comes
stand still /stœnd stIl/ (verb) to remain in place from the sun
trot /trÅt/ (verb) (of a horse) to move fairly quickly thermal /"T…m´l/ (adjective) concerned with or
with each front leg moving at the same time as the caused by heat
opposite back leg
turbine /"t‰…baIn/ (noun) a modern windmill for
unheard of /Æøn"h‰…d ´v/ (adjective) very unusual providing electricity
widespread /"waIdspred/ (adjective) existing or wind farm /"wInd ÆfA…m/ (noun) a place where a lot
happening in many places or situations, or among of windmills are built in order to produce electricity
many people
MODULE 4 - UNIT 6
MODULE 4 - UNIT 5
abundant /´"bønd´nt/ (adjective) available in large
biomass /"baI´Umœs/ (noun) plant and animal quantities so there is more than enough
matter used to provide fuel and energy
accountability /´ÆkaUnt´"bIlIti/ (noun) responsibility
blade /bleId/ (noun) the flat, wide part of an object for one’s own actions
that pushes against air or water
aquatic /´kwœtIk/ (adjective) living or growing in
capacity /k´"pœsIti/ (noun) someone or something’s water
ability to do something
biofuel /"baI´UÆfju…´l/ (noun) a fuel derived
crude oil /"kru…dOI´l/ (noun) the oil that comes out immediately from living matter
of oil wells, before it is separated into different
products conservation /kÅns´"veIS´n/ (noun) the protection of
natural things such as animals, plants, forests, etc. to
decomposition /di…kÅmp´"zIS´n/ (noun) when prevent them from being spoiled or destroyed
something decays or breaks down into smaller parts
consume /k´n"sju…m/ (verb) to use time, energy,
diesel /"di…z´l/ (noun) a type of heavy oil used goods, food, etc.
instead of petrol
consumption /k´nsømpS´n/ (noun) the amount of
diversification /daIv‰…sIfI"keIS´n/ (noun) the act of something that is used
introducing variety, often used in a business sense
countless /kaUn/l´s/ (adjective) literally, too many
to be counted; meaning a large number
72
derived /ÆdI"raIvd/ (adjective) developed from keep track of /kip "trœk ´v/ (phrasal verb) to
something else continue to be aware of something
geothermal /dZi´UT‰…m´l/ (adjective) of, relating to lawyer /"lO…Æj´/ (noun) someone whose job is to
or using the natural heat produced inside the Earth advise people about laws, write formal agreements,
hydro /"haIÆdr´U/ (adjective) relating to water or or represent people in court
using water narrator /n´"reIt´/ (noun) the person who tells the
in-depth /"IndepT/ (adjective) thorough, complete story in a book or a play
and considering all the details novelist /"nÅv´lIst/ (noun) someone who writes
infrastructure /"Infr´ÆstrøktS´/ (noun) the basic novels
systems and structures that a country or outrage /"aUtreIdZ/ (noun) a feeling of great anger
organisation needs in order to work properly, for and shock
example roads, railways, banks, etc. playwright /"pleIraIt/ (noun) someone who writes
necessitate /n´"sesIteIt/ (verb) to make it necessary plays
for someone to do something poet /"p´U´t/ (noun) someone who writes poems
notice /"n´UtIs/ (noun) a formal declaration of a publication /ÆpøblI"keIS´n/ (noun) information that is
change printed in a newspaper so that the public can read
photovoltaics /"f´Ut´UvÅl"tejIks/ (plural noun) solar it
cells that produce electricity from the sun's rays slavery /"sleIv´ri/ (noun) the system of having slaves
primary /"praIÆm´ri/ (adjective) original, basic
MODULE 5 - UNIT 8
sanitation /ÆsœnI"teIS´n/ (noun) the protection of
public health by removing and treating waste, dirty article /"A…ÆtIk´l/ (noun) a piece of writing about a
water, etc. particular subject in a newspaper or magazine
scarcity /"ske´sIti/ (noun) a situation in which there Braille /breIl/ (noun) a form of printing for blind
is not enough of something people, with raised parts that they read by touching
the paper with their fingers
tidal /"taIÆd´l/ (adjective) relating to the regular rising
and falling of the sea breeze /bri…z/ (noun) a gentle wind
uncontaminated /ønk´n"tœmIneItId/ (adjective) not byline /"baIÆlaIn/ (noun) a line at the beginning of an
polluted; clean article in a newspaper or magazine that gives the
writer’s name
worldwide /"w‰…ldÆwaId/ (adjective) extending
throughout the world caption /"kœÆpS´n/ (noun) words printed above or
below a picture in a book or newspaper to explain
MODULE 5 - UNIT 7 what the picture is showing
anthology /œnTÅl´dZi/ (noun) a collection of stories, drumbeat /"drømbi…t/ (noun) a sound of someone
poems or songs, etc. in one book hitting a drum
author /"O…ÆT´/ (noun) someone who has written a headline /"hedÆlaIn/ (noun) the title of a newspaper
book report, which is printed in large letters above the
biography /baI"Ågr´fi/ (noun) an account of a report
person’s life written by another person helium /"hi…lij´m/ (noun) a gas that is lighter than air
blurb /bl‰…b/ (noun) a short description on a book institute /"InstItju…t/ (noun) an organisation that
or a product giving information about it has a particular purpose such as scientific or
clerk /klA…k/ (noun) someone who keeps records or educational
accounts in an office lead story /"lid ÆstO…ri/ (noun) the most important
cruelty /"kru…´lti/ (noun) behaviour or actions that news in a newspaper or news programme, which is
deliberately cause pain to people or animals put first
endure /In"djU´/ (verb) to be in a difficult or painful leisure /"leZ´/ (noun) time when you are not
situation for a long time without complaining working or studying and can relax and do things
you enjoy
fictional /"fIkS´n´l/ (adjective) fictional people or
events are imaginary and from a book or story mass media /Æmœs "mi…di´/ (noun) people and
organisations that provide information and
industrialisation /InÆdøstri´laI"zeIS´n/ (noun) news for the public on television, the radio and
development of a lot of industry in a certain newspapers
country or place
masthead /"mA…stÆhed/ (noun) the name of a
inevitable /I"nevIt´b´l/ (adjective) certain to happen newspaper or magazine printed in a special design
and impossible to avoid at the top of the first page
journalist /"dZ‰…Æn´lIst/ (noun) someone who writes meadow /"med´U/ (noun) a field with wild grass and
news reports for newspapers, magazines, television flowers
or radio
provision /pr´"vIZ´n/ (noun) the act of providing
someone with food, supplies or money (for a
journey)
73
 shield /Si…´ld/ (noun) a protective thing that soldiers
used, made of a large piece of metal or leather
rehabilitation /rih´bIlI"teIS´n/ (noun) help that slice /slaIs/ (verb) to cut something into thin, flat
someone might get to have a normal life after an pieces
illness or accident
spice /spaIs/ (verb) to add spice to food
signal /"sIÆgn´l/ (noun) a sound or an action that you
make in order to give information to someone or spiky /"spaIki/ (adjective) having long sharp points
tell them to do something sprinkle /"sprINk´l/ (verb) to let fall small drops of
simultaneously /sIm´l"teIni´sli/ (adverb) happening liquid or small pieces of something onto a surface
at exactly the same time stew /stju…/ (noun) a dish made of meat and
software /"sÅfÆtwe´/ (noun) the programs used to vegetables cooked together slowly in liquid
direct the operation of a computer yeast /ji…st/ (noun) a substance used for making
subtract /s´b"trœkt/ (verb) to take a number from a bread rise
larger number
MODULE 6 - UNIT 10
symbol /"sImÆb´l/ (noun) a picture or shape that amphitheatre /"œmfITi´t´/ (noun) a large circular
has a particular meaning or represents a particular building without a roof and with many rows of
organisation or idea seats
tactile /"tœktaIl/ (adjective) connected with your Aramaic /œr´"mejIk/ (noun) a language which is
sense of touch an ancestor of Arabic, spoken by people in some
countries in the Middle East and Ethiopia
MODULE 6 - UNIT 9
aromatic /œr´"mœtIk/ (adjective) having a strong, commercial /k´"m‰…S´l/ (adjective) related to
pleasant smell business and the buying or selling of goods and
services
basil /"bœz´l/ (noun) a sweet-smelling herb used in
cooking deposit /d´"pÅzIt/ (noun) a layer of a mineral,
metal or anything else that gradually develops in a
bean /bi…n/ (noun) a seed from many types of particular place due to natural processes or disasters
climbing plants, which is often used for food
harvest /"hA…vIst/ (verb) to gather crops from the
ceviche /se"vi…tSe/ (noun) a seafood dish made with fields
raw fish marinated in citrus juices
illiterate /I"lIt´r´t/ (adjective) not having learnt to
chop /tSÅp/ (verb) to cut something such as food or read or write
wood into smaller pieces
inscription /In"skrIpS´n/ (noun) a piece of writing
dairy /"de´ri/ (adjective) a food group including carved into a stone, rock, etc.
milk and types of food that are made from milk
products, e.g., cheese, butter marine /m´"ri…n/ (adjective) connected with the sea
and the creatures that live there
dice /daIs/ (verb) to cut up very small into cubes/
squares migrate /maI"greIt/ (verb) to travel from one part of
the world to another
durian /"dju…ri´n/ (noun) an exotic fruit found in Asia
that has a very strong smell navy /"neIÆvi/ (noun) the part of a country’s military
forces that fights at sea
grill /grIl/ (verb) to cook something by putting it
close to a strong, direct heat overflow /´Uv´"fl´U/ (verb) of river or lake, when it
is so full that the water inside flows over the edges
herb /h‰…b/ (noun) a small plant that is used to
improve the taste of food paved /peIvd/ (adjective) a path, etc., covered
with a hard level surface such as blocks of stone or
ingredients /In"gridij´nts/ (plural noun) all the types concrete
of food you use to make a particular dish
piece together /Æpi…s t´"geD´/ (phrasal verb) to use all
marinate /"mœrIneIt/ (verb) to put any kind of meat the information you have about a situation in order
in a mixture of oil, citrus and spices for some time to discover the truth about it
protein /"pr´Uti…n/ (noun) one of several natural terrifying /"terIfaIjIN/ (adjective) extremely
substances that exist in food such as meat, eggs frightening
and beans, and which your body needs in order to
grow and remain strong and healthy trade /treId/ (verb) to buy and sell goods and
services, etc.
raw /rO…/ (adjective) not cooked
tsunami /tsu…"nA…mi/ (noun) a huge wave that flows
season /"si…z´n/ (verb) to add salt or pepper to food over the land and destroys things
so that it tastes better

74
 Pronunciation table
Consonants Vowels
Symbol Key word Symbol Key word

p pen short I bit

b black e bed
t ten œ cat
d day Å dog
k key ø cut
g get U put
f fat ´ about
v view i happy
T thing u actuality
D then
s soon long i… sheep
z zero A… father
S ship O… four
Z pleasure u… boot
h hot ‰… bird
x loch
tS cheer diphthongs eI make
dZ jump aI lie
m sum OI boy
n sun ´U note
N sung aU now
w wet I´ real
l let e´ hair
r red U´ sure
j yet u´ actual
i´ peculiar

Special signs
\"\ shows main stress
\Æ\ shows secondary stress
\/\ means that there is a brief pause in the word and no
sound comes out until the next letter is pronounced

75
Irregular verbs
Base Form Past Simple Past Participle Base Form Past Simple Past Participle
be was/were been lie lay lain
become became become lose lost lost
begin began begun make made made
bend bent bent mean meant meant
bite bit bitten meet met met
break broke broken pay paid paid
bring brought brought put put put
build built built read read read
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt ride rode ridden
buy bought bought ring rang rung
catch caught caught rise rose risen
choose chose chosen run ran run
come came come say said said
cost cost cost see saw seen
cut cut cut sell sold sold
do did done send sent sent
draw drew drawn shake shook shaken
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt shine shone shone
drink drank drunk show showed showed/shown
drive drove driven shut shut shut
eat ate eaten sing sang sung
fall fell fallen sit sat sat
feel felt felt sleep slept slept
find found found smell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt
fly flew flown speak spoke spoken
forget forgot forgotten spell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt
forgive forgave forgiven spend spent spent
get got got spill spilled/spilt spilled/spilt
give gave given stand stood stood
go went gone steal stole stolen
grow grew grown stick stuck stuck
have had had swim swam swum
hear heard heard take took taken
hide hid hidden teach taught taught
hit hit hit tear tore torn
hold held held tell told told
hurt hurt hurt think thought thought
keep kept kept throw threw thrown
know knew known understand understood understood
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt wake woke woken
leave left left wear wore worn
lend lent lent win won won
let let let write wrote written
76
 n t t o o l s
Ass essme

ASSESSMENT TOOL 1
How much of the information were you able to correctly place in the table? How
could you have improved your score?

Did you express an opinion about different ways of dealing with stress? How did you
support your opinion?

Can you distinguish between a comprehension question and a critical-thinking

question? How are they different?

ASSESSMENT TOOL 2
How correctly did you use the future forms?

How far did you engage with your partner by listening and asking questions?

How far did you use the appropriate informal vocabulary for talking to a peer?

How could you have improved your overall performance?

ASSESSMENT TOOL 3
How far do you feel that you met the demands of the writing task?

Did you write in the required register? In what way did you do this?

How thoroughly did you describe your recent celebration? Did you answer the
questions?

77
 ASSESSMENT TOOL 4
Were your guesses for the missing words correct? Did you choose any other words
that were close in meaning?

Were you able to notice the difference in intonation when you listened to the
recording? How did it differ?

Was your partner able to use the correct intonation while practising being emphatic?
Justify your answer.

ASSESSMENT TOOL 5
How much information did you give your partner about the sport you chose?

Did you include details about its benefits to your health? How did you link these
details to your enjoyment?

How far did you ask your partner successful questions? What could you have done to
improve these questions?

ASSESSMENT TOOL 6
How far was your attempt to scan the interview successful? Did you confirm your
predictions by scanning?

How successfully did you connect your prior knowledge with the information in the
interview?

Did you use your voice and knowledge of intonation to read your part successfully?
How could you improve it next time?

78
 ASSESSMENT TOOL 7
How did you develop the central idea of the essay?

How did paragraphing help you to structure the essay? Did you use the suggested
number of paragraphs? If not, why not?

How did linking words help you to express your ideas clearly and logically?

How much did you change when you reviewed your essay for appropriate form, tone
and content?

ASSESSMENT TOOL 8
How well did you predict the intonation of speakers’ voices in the different
situations?

How does the tone of the speaker’s voice vary, depending on the situation in which
they are talking?

How accurately did you repeat the speaker’s sentences after hearing them?

ASSESSMENT TOOL 9
How accurate was your prediction about the topic of the articles?

What strategy did you use to correctly match the headlines with the articles? How
successful was it?

Did you skim the articles to get the gist? How successful were you at describing their
content?

79
 ASSESSMENT TOOL 10
How far did you successfully form questions using the prompts? How could you
improve next time?

How much information did you give in your answers? How could you improve next
time?

How accurately did you use the causative? Can you give an example here?

How successful was your group at working together? Give examples of successful
group work.

ASSESSMENT TOOL 11
How did you decide whether Nada was speaking appropriately for giving instructions?

What does the speaker need to do when giving instructions?

When completing the exercise, did you refer back to the preparatory exercises to
help you understand the recording?

ASSESSMENT TOOL 12
How much detail did you include about everyday activities from Jordan’s past?

How accurately did you use modal verbs of possibility in the past in the affirmative,
the negative and questions?

What criteria did you use to judge the most interesting ideas? How could you
improve your judgement next time?

80