ZeptoProgUserGuide

June11,2011

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ZeptoProg

UserGuide

Table of Contents
Overview........................................................................................................................4
Introduction............................................................................................................... ........................4
4toolsin1................................................................................................................................... ......4
Features............................................................................................................................... .............6

About..............................................................................................................................7
ContactInformation............................................................................................................... ............7
SupportInformation......................................................................................................................... ..7
Precautions.................................................................................................................... ...................7

WindowsInstallation....................................................................................................8
WinAVR/AVRDUDE..................................................................................................................... ....8
AVRStudio/AVRISPmkIIdriver....................................................................................................... .9
FLIP/DFUBootloaderDriver................................................................................................ ..........10
ZeptoProgDriver/SerialConfiguration................................................................... ........................11
TerminalEmulator............................................................................................. ..............................13

LinuxInstallation........................................................................................................14
Drivers............................................................................................................................... ..............14
GCCToolchain........................................................................................................... .....................14
AVRDUDE...................................................................................................................... .................14
dfuprogrammer........................................................................................................................ .......14
TerminalEmulator............................................................................................................................ 14

ZeptoProgHardware...................................................................................................15
Layout/HeaderPins..................................................................................................... ..................15
PinDescriptions................................................................................................. .............................16
Buttons........................................................................................................................ ....................17
LEDs.................................................................................................................... ...........................18

Configuration..............................................................................................................19
AVRProgrammer........................................................................................................20
Configuration........................................................................................................................... ........20
ConnectingTargetBoard............................................................................................................... ..20
UsingAVRStudio.................................................................................................................. ..........21
UsingAVRDUDE....................................................................................................................... ......25

GPIOApp.....................................................................................................................26
GPIOAppConfiguration............................................................................................................... ...26
GPIOPinConnections............................................................................................. .......................27
PinConfiguration...................................................................................................................... .......27
TimerConfiguration................................................................................................................... ......28
Input................................................................................................................................... .............29
Output........................................................................................................................ .....................29
PWM........................................................................................................................... ....................30

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FrequencyOutput.......................................................................................................................... ..32
FrequencyMeasurement............................................................................................................... ..33

SerialApp....................................................................................................................35
SerialAppConfiguration..................................................................................... ............................35
SerialConnections......................................................................................................... .................36

SPIApp........................................................................................................................37
SPIAppConfiguration.......................................................................................................... ...........37
SPIConnections.............................................................................................................................. 37
SPICommands................................................................................................................ ...............38
SPITransfer........................................................................................................... .........................38
SPIWrite.......................................................................................................................... ...............39
SPIRead................................................................................................................................... ......39
ExampleSession.............................................................................................. ..............................40

DFUBootloader...........................................................................................................41
FLIP............................................................................................................................................. ....41
dfuprogrammer................................................................................................. .............................43

LegalNotices..............................................................................................................44
CopyrightNotices................................................................................................................ ............44
SoftwareDisclaimer................................................................................................ ........................44
HardwareDisclaimer........................................................................................................ ...............44
Trademarks............................................................................................................... ......................44
Acknowledgments......................................................................................................... ..................44

AppendixA:PoweringTargetviaZeptoProg5V.....................................................45
AppendixB:AVRProgrammerSupportedDevices................................................46

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ZeptoProg

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Overview
Introduction
TheZeptoProgisanAVRISPmkIIcompatibleUSBAVRprogrammerthatsupportsallchips
withtheISP,PDI,orTPIprogramminginterfaces.TheseincludemostmegaAVR,tinyAVR,and
XMEGAseriesdevices.Standard6pinheadersareusedforISPandPDI.Itsupportshighspeed
insystemprogrammingoftheAVRflash,EEPROM,fuses,lockbits,andmoreusingAVRStudioor
AVRDUDE.Targetboardsoperatingat2Vto5Varesupported.Anoptionalrecoveryclockcanbe
usedasaclocksourceforthetarget.Additionally,threeutilitiesareprovidedthatareusefulfor
developmentanddebugging.TheUSBtoserialbridgecanbeusedtoconnectthetarget,atupto
2MHzbaudrate,toacomputerfordebuggingoutputorgeneralpurposeuse.TheSPIAppisa
commandlineinterfaceforcontrollingSPIdevices.TheGPIOAppprovidesacommandlineinterface
forcontrollingsomeoftheunderlyinghardwareoftheATmega32U2usedintheZeptoProg.Uses
includemeasuringfrequencies,outputtingsquarewaves,PWM,andgeneralpurposeI/O.

4toolsin1

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ZeptoProg

June11,2011

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ZeptoProg

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Features

AVRISPmkIIcompatibleAVRProgrammer
SupportsallAVRswithISP,PDI,orTPIprogramminginterface
IncludesmegaAVR,tinyAVR,XMEGA,andUSB,PWM,andCANAVRs
StandardpinoutforISPandPDI(6pinseach)
CanhavebothISPandserialcablesconnected
Easyswitchingbetweenprogrammingandserialbridge(usefulfordebugging)
OptionalrecoveryclockforISP
Upto8MHzprogrammingspeed(4MHzislimitoncurrentAVRs)
Programflash,EEPROM,fuses,lockbits,andmore
WorkswithAVRStudio4and5,AVRDUDE,Codevision,andBASCOM2.0.6
SerialBridge
Upto2MHzbaudrate
Synchronousorasynchronousoperation
Optionalflowcontrolvia_CTSpin
SPIApp
Upto8MHzclock
ZeptoProgismaster,Modes03,MSBorLSB
4opendrainchipselectoutputs
Commandlineinterfaceviaterminalemulator
GPIOApp
Upto
7TTLinputs
9outputs(5levelshifted)
2PWMoutputswithseparatedutycycles
1frequencyoutput
1frequencymeasurementinput
Commandlineinterfaceviaterminalemulator
Upgradeablefirmware
USBbuspowered
2buttonsforcontrol
2LEDsforstatusindication
Targetboardvoltagesupportof2Vto5Vvialevelshiftedoutputsontwomainheaders
ReversepolarityprotectiononVtgtandGNDpins(versionwithcaseonly)
Overcurrentprotectiononlevelshiftedoutputsviaseriesresistors
EnclosedinasmallblackplasticUSBdonglecase(versionwithcaseonly)
Measures6.4cm(5.1cmnotincludingUSBconnector)x2.5cmx1.4cm
CompatiblewithWindowsXP/Vista/7andLinux
UsesLUFAUSBlibraryandAVRISPmkIIclonebyDeanCamera
(http://www.fourwalledcubicle.com/)

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About
ContactInformation
Justin Mattair
MattairTech LLC
PO Box 1079
Heppner, OR 97836 USA
541-626-1531
[email protected]
http://www.mattairtech.com/

SupportInformation
TheZeptoProgfirmwareiscurrentlystillunderdevelopment.Newfeaturesareplanned(ie:a
simplelogicanalyzer).PleasechecktheMattairTechwebsite(http://www.MattairTech.com/)for
updates.Emailmeifyouhaveanyfeaturerequests,suggestions,orifyouhavefoundabug.Ifyou
needsupport,pleasecontactme(emailisbest).Youcanalsofindsupportinformationatthe
MattairTechwebsite.SupportforAVRsingeneralcanbefoundatAVRfreaks
(http://www.avrfreaks.net/).There,Imonitortheforumssectionastheuserphysicist.

Precautions

CAUTION
The ZeptoProg should be powered before connecting the target
board. DO NOT connect Vtgt and Gnd in reverse polarity (Version
with case has reverse polarity protection, version without case
does not have reverse polarity protection).

CAUTION
The ZeptoProg contains static sensitive components. While the
case provides some protection from the environment, the pins are
still exposed. Use the usual ESD procedures when handling.

CAUTION
Improper fuse settings may result in an unusable AVR. Be certain
that you know the effects of changing the fuses, that you
understand the convention used for describing the state of the
fuses (programmed = 0), and that you are using an appropriate
programming speed before attempting to change fuse settings.
Specifically, don't set the RSTDSBL fuse.
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WindowsInstallation
TheZeptoProgissupportedunderWindowsXP,Vista(32and64bit),andWindows7(32and
64bit).ThereislimitedsupportforWindows2000.TheZeptoProgappearsasthreedifferentdevices
tothePCdependingonwhichmodeisselectedbythebuttons.ThesedevicesaretheAVR
programmer(emulatesAVRISPmkII),theDFUbootloaderforfirmwareupdates,andtheUSBCDC
device(VirtualCOMport)whichisusedforallothermodes.Assuch,threedriversarerequired.Two
ofthesedriversareincludedwithsoftwareavailableontheAtmelwebsite.Thethirddriverisincluded
withWindows,butrequiresan.inffileavailableontheMattairTechwebsite.
BeforepluggingintheZeptoProgforthefirsttime,thelatestsoftwareanddriversmustbe
downloaded.Itisimportanttousethelatestversions,especiallyifinstallingonWindowsVistaor
Windows7.Thefollowingtableliststheminimumversionsoftherequiredsoftware.Ifthesoftware
providesadriver,isislistedaswell.

RequiredDownloads
Software

Version

Driver

URL

WinAVR

20100110

N/A

http://sourceforge.net/projects/winavr/files/
WinAVR/20100110/

AVRStudio

4.18SP3

AVRISPmkII

http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tools_c
ard.asp?tool_id=2725

FLIP

3.4.2

DFUBootloader

http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tool
s_card.asp?tool_id=3886

latest

http://www.avrfreaks.net/index.php?mo
dule=Freaks%20Academy&func=viewIt
DFUBootloader
em&item_type=project&item_id=2196

DFUDriver

(IfFLIPdriverfails)

ZeptoProgDriver

latest

CDCdriver

http://www.mattairtech.com/

ZeptoProgFirmware

latest

N/A

http://www.mattairtech.com/

WinAVR/AVRDUDE
WinAVRcontainstheGNUGCCcompilerforCandC++,compilertools,andlibraries
(includingAVRLibc).ItalsoincludesAVRDUDEforWindows,whichisacommandlinetoolfor
transferringfirmwaretoAVRmicrocontrollers.AgraphicaltoolisincludedwithAVRStudio.Download
WinAVRfromhttp://sourceforge.net/projects/winavr/files/WinAVR/20100110/andinstallitfirst.Ifyou
wishtouseAVRDUDE,youmayneedtodownloadandinstallanupdatetolibusbwin32availableat
http://sourceforge.net/projects/libusbwin32/files/libusbwin32releases/.Choosethelibusbwin32
develfilterx.x.x.x.exefile.DothisonlyafterinstallingAVRStudioandonlyifAVRDUDEthendoesnot
work.

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AVRStudio/AVRISPmkIIdriver
AVRStudioisanIDEthatincludesanassembler,debugger,simulator,andanAVRchip
programmingtool.ItworkswithGCCthroughacompilerplugin.Twofilesmustbedownloaded,the
mainprogramandaservicepack.First,downloadAVRStudio4.18from
http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=2725.ThendownloadSP3fromthesame
pageandbegininstallation.BesuretoinstalltheJungodriverswhenaskedduringbothsetup
procedures.TheyincludetheAVRISPmkIIdriverneededbytheZeptoProgAVRprogrammer.
NowtheAVRISPmkIIdrivercanbeinstalled.PressbuttonA(left)andholdwhilepluggingin
theZeptoProg.ThiswillruntheAVRISPmkIIcompatibleAVRprogrammer.LEDAshouldbelitand
LEDBshouldbesmoothlyflashingonandoff.WindowswillthenpromptyoufortheZeptoProgAVR
Programmerdriver.Bydefault,thisislocatedintheProgramFiles/Atmel/AVRJungoUSBdirectory.
PointtheinstallertotheappropriatesubdirectoryforyourPCarchitecture(usb32orusb64)andinstall
thedriver.DonotusethedriverintheAVRTools/usbdirectory.Oncethedriverisloaded,thedevice
willappearastheAVRISPmkIIdeviceunderJungointhedevicemanager.

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FLIP/DFUBootloaderDriver
FLIPisagraphicalutilityusedtoloadfirmwareupdatesontotheZeptoProg.Updateswillbe
madeavailableattheMattairTechwebsite.FLIPincludestheDFUbootloaderdriver.DownloadFLIP
3.4.2orhigherfromhttp://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=3886andinstall.If
requiredtoinstallsigneddriversandtheAtmeldriversdonotwork,downloadthesigneddriversat
http://www.avrfreaks.net/index.php?module=Freaks%20Academy&func=viewItem&item_type=project&
item_id=2196andinstall.
OnceFLIPisinstalled,theDFUbootloaderdriverscanbeloaded.Pressandholdbothbuttons
whilepluggingintheZeptoProg.ThiswillentertheDFUbootloader.LEDAshouldbeoffandLEDB
shouldbeon.WindowswillthenpromptyoufortheATmega32U2driver.Bydefault,thisislocatedin
theProgramFiles/Atmel/Flip3.4.2/usbdirectory.Pointtheinstallertothatdirectoryandinstall.Once
thedriverisloaded,thedevicewillappearastheATmega32U2deviceunderAtmelUSBDevicesin
thedevicemanager.

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ZeptoProgDriver/SerialConfiguration
Finally,wewillinstalltheZeptoProgCDCdriver,whichisusedbyConfigurationModeand
ApplicationMode.ThisdriverallowstheboardtoappearasaCOMport.Thedriveritselfisincluded
withWindows,butan.inffileisneededtoconfigureit.Downloadthe.inffilefrom
http://www.mattairtech.com/.Now,plugintheZeptoProgwithoutholdingdowneitherbutton.Thiswill
runApplicationMode(usingtheGPIOAppbydefault).BothLEDsshouldbelit.Windowswillthen
promptyoufortheZeptoProgCDCdriver.Pointtheinstallertothedirectorywhereyoudownloaded
thedriverandinstall.Ignoreanywarnings.Oncethedriverisloaded,thedevicewillappearasthe
ZeptoProgCDCdeviceusingaCOMportinthedevicemanager.

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Ifyouwish,doubleclickontheZeptoProgCDCdeviceentryinthedevicemanagerto
configurethedriver.ClickonthePortSettingstab.Youcanleavethesettingsatthedefaultvalues.
NotethatweareusingavirtualCOMportandtheZeptoProgignoresthesesettings.Thebaudrate
willalwaysbeasfastaspossible.ClickonAdvanced.HereyoucanadjusttheFIFObuffersizes.If
youexperienceanybufferingproblems,forexample,adelayedresponsetouserinputinthe
configuration,thenchangebothbuffersizesto1.Youmaywishtodothisnowanywayevenifyoudo
notcurrentlyhaveanytrouble.

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TerminalEmulator
Nowwearereadytoconfiguretheterminalemulator.WindowsXPincludesHyperTerminal,
whichhasbeentestedwiththeZeptoProgandwillbedocumentedhere.Thereareseveralother
terminalemulatorsavailablefreelyontheInternet.Ifyouwishtouseanyofthem,itshouldbeno
troubletoadapttheinstructionspresentedhere.PlugintheZeptoProgwhileholdingButtonBdown.
ThiswillrunconfigurationmodewhichusestheCDCdriver.LEDAshouldbeonandLEDBshouldbe
off.
Next,startHyperTerminal.Createanewconnection.Youwillrefertothisconnectionagain,so
giveitanappropriatename(afteritisconfigured,youcancopyittoyourdesktop).Selectthe
ZeptoProgCOMport(ie:COM4)andcontinue.Youcanconfiguretheconnectionasbefore,butthis
shouldnotbenecessary,astheyshouldbeignored.

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Afterconnecting,youmayseegarbageontheterminalscreen.Ifthisisthecase,clickonthe
configurationiconandchangetheemulationtoANSI(orANSIW).Theconfigurationmoderequiresan
ANSIterminaltoallowdrawingofthemenusystem.Normally,whenfirstenteringamodethatusesthe
CDCdriver,amessagethatreadsPressanyKeyisprintedperiodically.Ifyoudonotseethis
message,thentoomuchtimehaspassedbetweenfirstprintingthemessageandtheuserconnecting
theterminalemulator.Inthiscase,thescreenmaybeblank.Justpressanykeytocontinue.Notethat
itmaynotbepossibletoswitchbetweenmodesusingthebuttonsuntilakeyispressed.Alsonotethat
whenTerminalModeisdisabled,thePressanyKeymessagedoesnotappear,andnokeyneedsto
bepressedfortheselectedapplicationtobeready.
ItisimportanttoalwaysclickthedisconnecticonbeforeswitchingtotheAVRProgrammerfrom
configurationmodeorapplicationmode.Thenclicktheconnecticonacouplesecondsafterreturning.
ThisisrequiredbecausechangingtotheAVRISPmkIIdriverunloadstheCDCdriver,thenloadsthe
AVRISPmkIIdriver.InorderfortheterminaltousethesameCOMportasbefore,itmustbe
disconnectedwhenreturningtotheCDCdriversothatitdoesnotassignanewCOMport.Afuture
firmwarereleasemayincludetheabilitytohavebothdriversloadedsimultaneously.

LinuxInstallation
Linuxissupportedaswell.Youmustdownloadandbuildthetoolchainfromthelatestscript
availableatAVRFreaksontheAVRGCCForum(ScriptforbuildingAVRGCCstickyat
http://www.avrfreaks.net/index.php?name=PNphpBB2&file=viewtopic&t=42631).Allfirmwarewritten
fortheZeptoProgisdevelopedunderLinuxusingthistoolchain.

Drivers
TODO(driversshouldalreadybeinstalled)

GCCToolchain
TODO(seeopeningparagraph)

AVRDUDE
TODO(ie:avrdudepx128a1cavrisp2PusbUflash:w:"myfirmware.hex")

dfuprogrammer
TODO(mustuseversion0.5.2(currentlyavailableviaSVNonly)orhigher)

TerminalEmulator
TODO(canuseminicom,configport(ie:/dev/tty/ACM0),saveconfig,runwithminicomo)

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ZeptoProg

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ZeptoProgHardware
Layout/HeaderPins

Header Pinouts (as viewed from above as in diagram)

Header A

Header B

6
GND

5 / 11
XCK / out

1/4
MISO / in

2
Vtgt

4 / 10
_CTS / in

3/9
TX / out

3/5
SCLK / out

4/6
MOSI / out

2
Vtgt

1/8
RX / data / in

5/7
RST / out

6
GND

(bold indicates GPIO numbering and function)

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PinDescriptions
Pin

Description

GPIO0

GPIOApp:TTLinput,output(NOTlevelshifted)
SPIApp:ChipSelect0(opendrain,activelow)

GPIO1

GPIOApp:TTLinput,output,PWM,frequencyoutput(NOTlevelshifted)
SPIApp:ChipSelect1(opendrain,activelow)

GPIO2

GPIOApp:TTLinput,output,PWM,frequencyoutput(NOTlevelshifted)
SPIApp:ChipSelect2(opendrain,activelow)

GPIO3

GPIOApp:TTLinput,output(NOTlevelshifted),frequencyinput
SPIApp:ChipSelect3(opendrain,activelow)

MISO/GPIO4

GPIOApp:TTLinput(highimpedance)
SPIApp:MISO
AVRProgrammer:MISO(ISPmode)

SCLK/GPIO5

GPIOApp:output(levelshifted,shortcircuitprotected)
SPIApp:SCLK
AVRProgrammer:SCLK(ISPmode)

MOSI/GPIO6

GPIOApp:output(levelshifted,shortcircuitprotected)
SPIApp:MOSI
AVRProgrammer:MOSI(ISPmode)

RST/GPIO7

GPIOApp:output(levelshifted,shortcircuitprotected)
SPIApp:unused(alwayshigh)
AVRProgrammer:Resetoutput(ISP/TPImode)

RX/data/GPIO8

GPIOApp:TTLinput(highimpedance)
SerialApp:RX
AVRProgrammer:data(PDI/TPImode,bidirectional)
Notethatinthismode,theAVRTXandRX
pinsaretiedtogetherandroutedtothispin.

TX/GPIO9

GPIOApp:output(levelshifted,shortcircuitprotected)
SerialApp:TX
AVRProgrammer:unused(highimpedance)

_CTS/GPIO10

GPIOApp:TTLinput(highimpedance)
SerialApp:_CTS(activelow,disabledbydefault)
AVRProgrammer:unused(highimpedance)

XCK/GPIO11

GPIOApp:output(levelshifted,shortcircuitprotected)
SerialApp:clock(synchronousmode)
AVRProgrammer:clock(PDI/TPImode),
recoveryclock(ISPmode,disabledbydefault)

Vtgt

2V5VVoltageinputfromtarget.Thisisusedtosetthelevelshifter
outputvoltage.Reversepolarityprotected(versionwithcaseonly).

GND

Ground

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Buttons
Therearefourmodesofoperationwhichareselectedusingthebuttons.Themodecanbe
selectedwhenpluggingintheZeptoProgbyholdingdowntheappropriatebuttons(ifany).Ifnobutton
ishelddown,ApplicationModewillrun.Mostmodescanbechangedduringruntimeaswell,except
theDFUBootloader,whichcanonlybeaccessedduringpowerup.PressingButtonAalsoservesasa
reset,viatheAVRwatchdog,inallmodesexcepttheAVRProgrammer.Thefollowingtableliststhe
buttonfunctionalityatpowerupandruntime.
ButtonFunctionalityDuringPowerup

Button A

Button B

Mode

Pressed

NotPressed

AVRProgrammer

NotPressed

Pressed

ConfigurationMode

NotPressed

NotPressed

ApplicationMode

Pressed

Pressed

DFUBootloader

ButtonFunctionalityDuringRuntime

Button A Action

Button B Action

Current Mode

SwitchtoAppMode

SwitchtoConfiguration

AVRProgrammer

Reset,runprogrammer

SwitchtoAppMode

ConfigurationMode

Reset,runprogrammer SwitchtoConfiguration

ApplicationMode

Reset,runprogrammer

DFUBootloader

N/A

Ingeneral,duringruntime,pressingButtonAswitchesbetweentheAVRProgrammerand
ApplicationMode.PressingButtonBswitchesbetweenApplicationModeandConfigurationMode.
Thisbuttonconfigurationallowstheusertoswitchbetweenanapplicationandtheconfigurationforthe
applicationwithouthavingtodisconnecttheterminalemulator.Forexample,iftheSerialAppis
configuredtoruninApplicationMode,theusercanexperimentwithdifferentbaudratesettingsquickly
byswitchingbetweenConfigurationModeandApplicationMode.TheSerialAppcouldthenbeused
forprintf()debuggingthesamewayanormalserialconnectioncan.TheusercoulduseButtonAto
switchbetweentheAVRProgrammerforchipprogramming,andtheSerialAppfordebuggingoutput.

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LEDs
TherearetwogreenLEDsthatareusedtoindicateUSBstatus,themodeofoperation,
communicationactivity,programmerstatus,andmore.ThefollowingtablelistsLEDfunctionalityin
eachmode.WhenanLEDhasadualrole,theonelistedontheleftisthenormal/defaultstate.
LEDFunctionality

Mode / App

LED A

LED B

AVRProgrammer

USBStatus/
ProgrammerActivity

PWMflashing
Slow:Targetboardabsentor
Vtgttoolow
Fast:Targetboardconnected

ConfigurationMode

USBStatus

Off

SerialApp

USBStatus/RXActivity

On/TXActivity

SPIApp

USBStatus

On/SPIActivity

GPIOApp

USBStatus

On

DFUBootloader

Off

On

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Configuration
TheZeptoProgAVRProgrammerandApplicationModecanbeconfiguredbyentering
ConfigurationMode.ThisconfigurationisstoredinnonvolatileEEPROMmemory.Configuration
moderequiresanANSIterminalemulator.Configurationoptionsarehighlightedbyusingtheupand
downarrowkeys,andselectedusingtheenterkey.Somedialogsareforenteringnumbersin
hexadecimal.Here,theleftarrowkey,rightarrowkey,andbackspacecanbeused.Thefollowinglists
thestructureofthemenusystem:

SelectApp

SerialApp

SPIApp

GPIOApp

TerminalMode
Disabled

(NonInteractiveMode,intendedforusebyusercode,scripts)

Enabled

(TerminalMode,intendedforterminalemulators)

ConfigSerial

(seeSPIAppsectionforconfigurationoptions)

ConfigAVRISPmkII

(seeSerialAppsectionforconfigurationoptions)

ConfigSPI

(selectbetweenTerminalModeandNonInteractiveMode)

(selectwhichapplicationwillrunwheninApplicationMode)

(seeAVRProgrammersectionforconfigurationoptions)

Credits

(displayslistoffirmwareauthors)

WhenenteringApplicationMode,theAppselectedunderSelectAppwillrun.Toswitchto
anotherApp,theusermustswitchtoApplicationMode,changetheselectedApp,thenswitchbackto
ApplicationMode.AlloutputsaretristatedwheninConfigurationMode,andnoinputsareactive.This
isagoodtimetomakeconnectionchanges,ifnecessary.
TerminalModeallowstheZeptoProgtouseaterminalemulator.ThismodeaffectstheGPIO
AppandSPIApp.Ingeneral,enablingTerminalModecausesaPressanykeyprompttoappear
uponenteringanymodethatusesthevirtualCOMport(thisisdoneonlyonceperreset),causesa
prompttoappear,echoessentcharacters,outputscarriagereturnandnewlinetotheterminalupon
pressingenter,andoutputserrormessagesastextstringsratherthansinglebytecodes.Additionally,
thebehavioroftheSPIcommandschanges.NonInteractiveModeiswhenTerminalModeissetto
disabled.ThismodeisusefultointerfacewithusercodeonthePC,likeascriptorprogram.

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AVRProgrammer
TheZeptoProgAVRProgrammerisbasedontheAVRISPmkIIcompatibleprogrammerwritten
byDeanCamera(http://www.fourwalledcubicle.com/).ItsupportsprogrammingofallAtmelAVR
microcontrollerswithanISP,PDI,orTPIprogramminginterface.TheseincludethemegaAVRseries
(ISP),thetinyAVRseries(ISP,TPI),theXMEGAseries(PDI),theUSBAVRs(ISP),andthelistedCAN
andPWMAVRs(seeAppendixBfordevicelisting).TheZeptoProgusesthestandardheaderpinouts
forbothISPandPDI.TPIdoesnotusethestandardpinout,however,singlepinjumpercablescanbe
used.Atthetimeofthiswriting,only6pindevicesuseTPI.
Programmingspeedsupto8MHzaresupportedinISPmode.However,currentAVRsrequirea
programmingspeedlessthanofthetargetclockspeed.For20MHzAVRs,thisis4MHz.For
16MHz,2MHzisthelimit.Itisnotrecommendedtooperateatexactlyofthetargetfrequency,
especiallywhenprogrammingfuses,asthiscancausethemtobecomeincorrectlysetandpossibly
rendertheAVRuseless(unlessparallelprogrammingisavailable).NotethatmanyAVRscomefrom
thefactorywiththeclocksourcesettotheinternal8MHzoscillatorandwiththeCKDIV8fuse
programmed,resultinginaclockspeedof1MHz.Inthesecases,theISPprogrammingspeedshould
besetto125KHzorlessuntilCKDIV8isunprogrammedandpowercycled.
ForISPmode,a1MHzrecoveryclockcanbeenabled.Thisclockcanbeconnectedtothe
targetclockinput.Thisisuseful,forexample,toallowresettingoffusesthatweremisconfiguredto
useanexternalclockwhenintendingtouseacrystalorinternaloscillator.Thisrecoveryclockshould
onlybeusedwithanISPprogrammingspeedof125KHz.
TheZeptoProgsupportstargetdevicesoperatingat2Vto5V.OutputsfromtheZeptoProgare
levelshifteddowntothetargetvoltage.ThetargetdevicesuppliesthisvoltageviatheVtgtinput.This
inputisreversepolarityprotectedbyaFETtoensurealowvoltagedrop.Theoutputshaveseries
resistorsthatlimitcurrenttoaround25mA.

Configuration

PCProgram

(UnderWindows,thismustbesettotheprogramusedwiththeAVRProgrammer)

AVRStudio

AVRDUDE

RecoveryClock

Disabled

Enabled

(Ifenabled,inISPmodea1MHzclockwillbeoutputonXCKpinofheaderA)

ConnectingTargetBoard
AlwaysensurethattheZeptoProgispoweredbeforeconnectingthetargetboard.Inallthree
modes,theVtgtpinisusedasaninputtotheZeptoProgthatdeterminestheoutputhighvoltage.This
mustbesuppliedbythetargetboard.Itispossibletooutput5VfromUSBtothetargetboard,thus
poweringthetargetboard.Caremustbetakenwhendoingthis.ConsultAppendixAformore

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information.

ISPmodeusesthestandardpinout,andisavailableonheaderB.Ifenabled,a1MHzrecovery
clockwillbeoutputontheXCKpinofheaderA.

PDImodealsousesthestandardpinout,andisavailableonheaderA.DuringPDI
programming,theZeptoProgUSARTTXandRXlinesareinternallytiedtogetherand
connectedtotheRX/datapin.Inthisconfiguration,thepiniscalleddataandisbidirectional.
TheTXpinwillthenbetristated.Since_CTSisunusedbytheprogrammer,itisalsotristated.

TPIusesanonstandardpinout.TPIusesthesamesignalsasPDIbutwiththeadditionof
Reset.TheResetoutputisavailablefromRSTonheaderB.DataandXCKaretakenfrom
headerA.DuringTPIprogramming,theZeptoProgUSARTTXandRXlinesareinternallytied
togetherandconnectedtotheRX/datapin.Inthisconfiguration,thepiniscalleddataandis
bidirectional.TheTXpinwillthenbetristated.Since_CTSisunusedbytheprogrammer,itis
alsotristated.

UsingAVRStudio
WhenAVRStudioisrun,itwillaskyouifyouwanttoopenorcreateanewproject.Fornow,
youcanstartatestproject.MakeitaGCCproject.ClickFinish.Youmayalsowishtochangethe
projectoptions.Clickthegearicon,enterthetargetclockspeed,andselectyourtargetdevice.Now
clickonthechipiconthatreads'Con'.SelecttheAVRISPmkIIastheprogrammerandUSBasthe
connectionmethod,thenclickConnect.IfadialogpopsupaskingwhichAVRISPmkIIversionyouare
using,select0000A0012825.

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UserGuide

Onceconnected,atabbedwindowwillappear.Thisistheinterfacetoprogrammingthetarget
device.Here,youcanloadfirmware,read/writetheEEPROM,modifyfuses,changelockbitsettings,
andmore.Clickonthefirsttab.Makesurethecorrectdeviceisselected,thenclickReadSignature.It
shouldmatchthedeviceifalliswell.Itisrecommendedtoalwaysperformthisstepfirsttoverifythe
connection.ThefollowingscreenshotsshowtheZeptoProginPDImodeinterfacingwithan
ATxmega128A1.

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Next,clickontheProgramtab.IntheFlashsection,ahexfilecanprogrammedintothetarget's
flashmemory.Loadyourhexfile,thenclickProgram.Youwillneedtoerasethetargetfirstifyoudo
nothaveErasedevicebeforeflashprogrammingchecked.Youshouldalsoverifythedeviceafter
programming.

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UserGuide

Next,clickontheFusestab.Itisbesttoleavethefusesettingsaloneuntilyouunderstand
whattheydo.Inparticular,ifusingISP,donotprogramRSTDISBLorunprogramSPIEN,asthiswill
lockyououtofthetargetchip.DonotsettheBOD(Brownoutdetection)voltagetoalevelabovethe
targetchipvoltage,asthiswillcausethetargettobeheldperpetuallyinreset.Youmustalsobe
carefulwiththeclocksettingsaswell.Ifyouselectthewrongclocksource,thenyourtargetchipwill
notoperateiftheconfiguredclocksourceisnotpresent.However,theZeptoProgprovidesarecovery
clockwhichcanbeusedtorecoverfromthissituation.

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UserGuide

Nowyoumaywishtolookattheothertabs.NotethatontheHWSettingstab,thereported
voltagewillalwaysbe5V,regardlessoftheactualvoltagepresentonVtgt.TheFirmwareupgrade
featureonthesametabshouldnotbeused.ThisisalsotruefortheAVRISPmkIIupgradefeaturein
theAVRStudiotoolsmenu,oranyupgradepopupwindows.TheZeptoProgAVRProgrammerisnot
anactualAVRISPmkII,itjustemulatesone,soyoushouldnotattempttoupdatetheZeptoProg
firmwareusingAVRStudio.AnyfirmwareupdateswillbepostedtothewebsiteandloadedusingFLIP
ordfuprogrammer.

UsingAVRDUDE
TODO(ie:avrdudepx128a1cavrisp2PusbUflash:w:"myfirmware.hex")

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UserGuide

GPIOApp
TheGPIOAppisacommandlineinterfacetoseveralfeaturesoftheAVRmicrocontrollerused
intheZeptoProg.Youcanuseittooutputsquarewavesatdifferentfrequencies,outputPWM
waveforms,measurefrequencies,readinputsandcontroloutputs.ThisAppwillbeupdatedwithnew
featuresinthefuture.ThefollowingtableliststhecapabilitiesofeachpinusingtheGPIOApp.
PinCapabilities

Pin

Capabilities

Level Shifted /
Current Limited

Input,Output

No

Input,Output,PWM,FrequencyOut

No

Input,Output,PWM,FrequencyOut

No

Input,Output,FrequencyIn

No

Input

NA

Output

Yes

Output

Yes

Output

Yes

Input

NA

Output

Yes

10

Input

NA

11

Output

Yes

GPIOAppConfiguration
TheGPIOAppisselectedasthecurrentapplicationbyswitchingtoConfigurationMode
(ButtonB)andselectingGPIOAppunderSelectApp(seeConfigurationsection).Theonly
configurationthataffectstheGPIOAppistheTerminalModesetting.WhenTerminalModeis
enabled(thedefaultsetting),theAppwilloutputaprompt,echosentcharacters,sendcarriagereturn
andnewlinecharacterswhentheuserpressesEnter,andprintresponsesastextstrings(ie:SYNTAX
ERROR).Whenterminalmodeisdisabled,nopromptisprinted,charactersarenotechoed,only
newlinesaresent,andresponsecodesaresinglebytes(ie:0x01).Thefollowingtableliststhe
responsecodesforbothmodes.

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UserGuide
ResponseCodesforGPIOApp

Terminal Mode

Non-Interactive Mode

OK

0x00

SYNTAXERROR

0x01

INVALIDPIN

0x02

INVALIDVALUE

0x03

PININUSE

0x04

INVALIDTIMERCONFIG

0x05

OUTOFMEMORY

0x06

CAPTUREOVERFLOW

0x07

CAPTUREOUTOFRANGE

0x08

CANNOTUNCONFIG

0x09

GPIOPinConnections
AlwaysensurethattheZeptoProgispoweredbeforeconnectingthetargetboard.Inallmodes,
GndandVtgtmustbeconnectedtothetargetboard.Whilepins03havemultiplefunctions,thelevel
shiftedpinsoftheheadersarefixedtofunctionaseitherinputoroutput.

PinConfiguration
Bydefault,eachpinisunconfigured.Inthisstate,thepinistristated.Eachpinmustbe
configuredbeforeuse.Ingeneral,theconfigcommandisusedtoassociateapinwithavalidfunction
(ie:input).Inadditiontosettingthefunctionofapin,theconfigcommandsetsconfigurationforthe
selectedfunction.Forexample,apullupcanbeenabledforpinsconfiguredasaninput.Some
functionsrequirethetimertobeconfiguredfirst(ie:PWM).Inthiscase,theconfigtimercommandis
usedfirst,thenthepinconfigurationcommand.Thepinortimerconfigurationcanbechangedby
usingtheconfigcommandagainwiththenewconfiguration.Forconfigargumentsthatareoptional
andnotspecifiedonthecommandline,defaultvaluesareloadeduponinitialconfiguration,butnot
uponanyfuturereconfigurations.Theexceptiontothisiswithargumentsthathaveonlyoneoption
(ie:pullupargumentoftheconfigincommand).Inthiscase,specifyingitwillenablethefeature,
whileomittingitdisablesthefeature(insteadofleavingitunchanged).
config{pin}in|out|pwm|fi|fo(functionspecificarguments)
returns:

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ZeptoProg
example:

UserGuide
config3inpullup

{pin}:Requiredargumentindicatingthepinnumbertoassign.Canbe011.
in|out|pwm|fi|fo:Requiredargumentspecifyingthefunctionthepinistobeassignedto.instandsfor
input,outstandsforoutput,pwmstandsforpulsewidthmodulation,fistandsforfrequencyinput,and
fostandsforfrequencyoutput.
(functionspecificarguments):Argumentsspecifictoeachfunction,whichmayincluderequired
arguments,shouldbeplacedhere.
Ifapinmustbechangedtoadifferentfunction(ie:frominputtooutput),thenitmustbe
disassociatedwiththecurrentfunctionbyusingtheunconfigcommandfirst.Likewise,ifthetimeris
switchedtoadifferentfunction(ie:PWMtofrequencyoutput)andapiniscurrentlyassociatedwiththe
function,thenthepin(s)mustbeunconfiguredfirst.
unconfig{pin}
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|INVALIDPIN|CANNOTUNCONFIG

example:

unconfig3

{pin}:Requiredargumentindicatingthepinnumbertounassign.Canbe011.

TimerConfiguration
ThetimermustbeconfiguredforthePWM,frequencyoutput,andfrequencyinputfunctions.
Theconfigtimercommandconfiguresthetimerforthespecifiedfunction.Theprescalersetting(ie:
div1)affectsallthreefunctions,whiletherestofthesettingsareusedonlybythePWMfunction.
configtimer[off|pwm|fo|fi][div1|div8|div64|div256|div1024][fast|phase|freq][top{value(16b)}]
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|INVALIDVALUE|PININUSE

example:

configtimerpwmfasttop0x7fff

[off|pwm|fo|fi]:Optionalargumentthatspecifiesthefunctionthetimerwillbeusedfor(defaultoff).fo
standsforfrequencyoutputandfiforfrequencyinput.
[fast|phase|freq]:OptionalargumentthatspecifieswhatmodethePWMfunctionwillrunin(default
fast).ThesecorrespondtothePWMmodesoftheunderlyingAVRmicrocontroller.Pleaseconsultthe
Atmega32U2datasheetformoreinformation.phasestandsforphasecorrectandfreqstandsfor
phaseandfrequencycorrect.ThissettingisignoredwhenselectinganonPWMfunction.

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[div1|div8|div64|div256|div1024]:Optionalargumentthatspecifiesthetimerprescalersetting
(defaultdiv1).Thisisthedividerofthe16MHzclockfrequency.Thetimerwilltickatthisdivided
frequency.PleaseconsulttheAtmega32U2datasheetformoreinformation.
[top{value(16b)}]:Optionalargumentthatspecifiesthe16bittopvalueofthetimer(default=0xffff)
usedinPWMmodes.Thisisthevaluethetimerwillcountuptobeforeresettingbackto0(or
beginningdowncountingincertainPWMmodes).Thissettingcombinedwiththeprescalersetting
abovesetsthePWMfrequency.TopcannotbebelowthePWMdutycycle.

Input
TheconfigincommandconfiguresthepintobeusedasaTTLcompatibleinput.Apullup
resistorcanoptionallybeenabled.Theincommandcanthenbeusedtoreadthevalueoftheinput(h
orl).Voltagesaslowas2Vwillregisterasahigh.
config{pin}in[pullup]
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|PININUSE|INVALIDPIN|OUTOFMEMORY

example:

config1inpullup

{pin}:Requiredargumentindicatingthepinnumbertoassign.
[pullup]:Optionalargumentthatenablesthepullupresistor(defaultdisabled).
in{pin}
returns:

IN{pin}h|l

or

INVALIDPIN

example:

in1
IN1h

{pin}:Requiredargumentindicatingthepinnumbertoread.

Output
Theconfigoutcommandconfiguresthepintoserveasanoutputthatcandrivehighanddrive
low.Theinitialstate(horl)canoptionallybespecified.Theoutcommandcanthenbeusedtocontrol
theoutput.
config{pin}out[h|l]

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UserGuide

returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|PININUSE|INVALIDPIN|OUTOFMEMORY

example:

config1out

{pin}:Requiredargumentindicatingthepinnumbertoassign.
[h|l]:Optionalargumentspecifyingtheinitialstate(defaulthigh).
out{pin}h|l
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|INVALIDPIN

example:

out1h

{pin}:Requiredargumentindicatingthepinnumbertocontrol.
h|l:Requiredargumentspecifyingtheoutputstate.

PWM
TheconfigpwmcommandconfiguresthespecifiedpintooutputaPWMsignal.Themeaning
ofdutycycle(normalorinvert)canoptionallybespecified.Whennormal,theoutputwillnormallybe
low,withthehighpulsetimecorrespondingtothedutycycle.Wheninverted,theoutputwillnormally
behigh,withthelowpulsetimecorrespondingtothedutycycle.Whenconfigured,thepwmcommand
canbeusedtochangethedutycycle.Notethattwopins(1and2)canbeusedforPWM
simultaneouslywithtwodifferentdutycycles,buttheymustsharethesamePWMfrequency.
ThePWMfrequencyisconfiguredduringtimerconfiguration.Additionally,themodeof
operation(fastPWM,phasecorrectPWM,andphaseandfrequencycorrectPWM)isspecifiedduring
timerconfiguration(seeabove).ThefollowingequationscanbeusedtodeterminethePWM
frequency:

F PWM=
F PWM =

16MHz
(fastPWM)
prescaler1TOP

16MHz
(phase/freqPWM)
2prescalerTOP

Theresolutioninbitscanbefoundby:

RFPWM =

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log2

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UserGuide

config{pin}pwm[normal|invert]
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|PININUSE|INVALIDPIN|INVALIDTIMERCONFIG
|OUTOFMEMORY

example:

config2pwm

{pin}:Requiredargumentindicatingthepinnumbertoassign.
[normal|invert]:Whennormal,theoutputwillnormallybelow,withthehighpulsetimecorresponding
tothedutycycle.Wheninverted,theoutputwillnormallybehigh,withthelowpulsetime
correspondingtothedutycycle.
pwm{pin}{dutycycle(0top)}
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|INVALIDPIN|INVALIDVALUE

example:

pwm23000

{pin}:Requiredargumentindicatingthepinnumbertocontrol.
{dutycycle(0top)}:Requiredargumentindicatingthedutycycle.Thedutycycleasapercentis

Duty Cycle % =

duty cycle
100%
TOP

PWMFrequencyRanges

Prescaler

Frequency Range (16b - 2b resolution)

div1

244Hz4.00MHz

div8

30.5Hz500KHz

div64

3.81Hz62.5KHz

div256

0.954Hz15.6KHz

div1024

0.238Hz3.91KHz

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UserGuide

FrequencyOutput
Theconfigfocommandconfiguresthespecifiedpintooutputasquarewave.Notethat
althoughtwopins(1and2)canbeconfiguredtooutputafrequency,theymustsharethesame
frequency.Thefocommandcanthenbeusedtosetthefrequency.Thehigherthefrequency,the
lowertheresolutioninsettingthefrequency.Thefrequencycanbefoundusing:

F fo =

16MHz
2prescaler TOP1

config{pin}fo
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|PININUSE|INVALIDPIN|INVALIDTIMERCONFIG
|OUTOFMEMORY

example:

config2fo

{pin}:Requiredargumentindicatingthepinnumbertoassign.
fo{pin}{TOPvalue(16b)}
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|INVALIDPIN|INVALIDVALUE

example:

fo20x17ff

{pin}:Requiredargumentindicatingthepinnumbertocontrol.
{TOPvalue(16b)}:Requiredargumentusedtoproducetheoutputfrequency.
FrequencyOutputRanges

Prescaler Setting

Frequency Range (TOP 65535 - 0)

div1

122Hz8.00MHz

div8

15.3Hz1.00MHz

div64

1.91Hz125KHz

div256

0.477Hz31.3KHz

div1024

0.119Hz7.81KHz

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UserGuide
FrequencyMeasurement

Theconfigficommandisusedtoconfigurethespecifiedpin(3only)asaninputtomeasure
frequencies.Optionally,afiltermaybeenabled.SeeATmega32U2datasheetfordetails.Thefi
commandcanthenbeusedtomeasurethefrequency.Thefrequencywillbecalculatedanddisplayed
inHertz.Ifnosignalispresentwhenthecommandisexecuted,thecommandwilllikelytimeoutwitha
CAPTUREOVERFLOWerror.
Thefrequencyismeasuredbycapturingthetimeforeachoftwoedgesofthesignal.Thereis
aminimumamountoftimerequiredtoelapsebetweenthesecapturesforthecapturevaluestobe
consideredreliable(128timerticks).Thisisduetointerruptlatenciesandotherfactors.Ifthis
minimumtimeisnotreached,butthesignalwasotherwisedetected,aCAPTUREOUTOFRANGE
erroroccurs.Thenexthigherfrequencyrange(lowerprescaler)canthenbeselected,ifavailable.
Notethatifthefrequencyofinterestexistswithinmultipleprescalersettings,usethelowestprescaler
settingthatstillcontainsthefrequency,asthiswillmaximizeresolution(seeInputFrequencyRanges
table).
config{pin}fi[filter]
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|PININUSE|INVALIDPIN|INVALIDTIMERCONFIG
|OUTOFMEMORY

example:

config3fi

{pin}:Requiredargumentindicatingthepinnumbertoassign.
[filter]:SeeATmega32U2datasheetfordetails.
fi{pin}
returns:

FI{pin}{frequency(16b)}Hz

or

SYNTAXERROR|INVALIDPIN|CAPTUREOVERFLOW
|CAPTUREOUTOFRANGE

example:

fi3
FI37426Hz

{pin}:Requiredargumentindicatingthepinnumbertouse.

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UserGuide
FrequencyInputRanges

Prescaler Setting

Frequency Range

div1

244Hz125KHz

div8

30.5Hz15.6KHz

div64

3.81Hz1.95KHz

div256

0.954Hz488Hz

div1024

0.238Hz122Hz

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UserGuide

SerialApp
TheSerialAppisaUSBtoserialbridgethatallowsthetargetMCU(orotherdevice)to
communicatewithaPCapplication(likeaterminal)overUSB.OnthePCside,theZeptoProgwill
appearasavirtualCOMport.UnliketheSPIAppandGPIOApp,thereisnoterminalmodeor
commands.TheZeptoProgsimplyrelaysbytesbetweenthePCandtarget.

SerialAppConfiguration
BeforeusingtheSerialApp,itmustbeconfiguredtobecompatiblewiththetarget.Thisisdone
inConfigurationMode.ThereisnoneedtoduplicatethesettingsonthePCside.Communication
betweenthePCandZeptoProgwillalwaysbeasfastasUSBallows.Onlytheconnectionbetweenthe
ZeptoProgandtargetusethesesettings.

Speed

(Selectpresetspeedorselectmanual)

2400

9600

19.2K

38.4K

57.6K

76.8K

125K

250K

500K

1M

2M

Manual

(WhenexitingthismenubacktoSpeed,Manualwillthenbesetasthespeed)
BaudRateRegister

(seeATmega32U2datasheet)

EnterBaudRateRegister(16b)

(enter00000fff)

Clock2X(asynconly)

1X

2X

ClockMode

Async

(Noclockused)

Sync

(Whenselected,XCKwilloutputaclocksignal)

Polarity

SampleFalling

SampleRising

FlowControl

None

CTS

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DataBits

StopBits

Parity

None

Even

Odd

SerialConnections
TheZeptoProgshouldbepoweredbeforethetargetboard.Inallmodes,GndandVtgtmustbe
connectedtothetargetboard.TXand/orRXmustbeconnectedaswell.Wheninsynchronousmode,
theZeptoProgisthemaster,sotheXCKpinisenabledasanoutput.Thetargetboardmustenableits
clockpinasaninputandbeconfiguredasaslave.If_CTSisused,connectittothetarget_RTSline.
When_CTSislow,TXactivity(fromtheZeptoProgtothetarget)occursnormally.When_CTSis
broughthigh,TXpauses.Thispreventsbufferoverflowsonthetargetifitbecomesbusy.
Notethatwhenconfiguringthespeedtobemanual,itispossibletosetthespeedhigherthan
2MHzinsynchronousmode.WhiletheZeptoProgcanhandlecontinuousRXdataata4MHzclock,
theUSBhardwareontheATmega32U2canonlyhandle256KB/s.NotethatRXisprioritizedoverTX
andLEDhandling.Usethefollowingequationstodeterminethevaluetoenterintothebaudrate
register.
BaudRateRegisterValue(ManualSpeed)

Async 1X
f osc
1
16BAUD

UBRR=

f osc
16UBRR1

BAUD=

UBRR=
BAUD=

Async 2X

Synchronous

f osc
1
8BAUD

UBRR=

f osc
8UBRR1

BAUD=

f osc
1
2BAUD

f osc
2UBRR1

where f osc =16000000

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UserGuide

SPIApp
TheSPIAppisusefulfortestingSPIdevicesorforcontrollingSPIdevicesviaPCsoftware.In
TerminalMode,theusercanuseSPIcommandstosendandreceivedatainhexorASCII.Datatobe
sentisincludedonthecommandline.NonInteractivemodealsousesSPIcommands,butdatamust
bebinaryandsentdataisnotonthecommandline.

SPIAppConfiguration

Speed

8MHz

4MHz

2MHz

1MHz

500KHz

250KHz

125KHz

SPIMode

DataOrder

MSB

LSB

DummyByte

Disabled

Enabled

(Whenenabled,MISObytesmatchingtheDummyByteValuearediscarded)

DummyByteValue

EnterDummyByte

(00ff)

SPIConnections
TheZeptoProgshouldbepoweredbeforethetargetboard.GndandVtgtmustbeconnectedto
thetargetboard.Thereareupto4chipselectoutputsonpins03.Theseareopendrainandactive
low,sothetargetdevicemusthaveapulluponitschipselectpin.

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UserGuide
SPICommands

Thereare3commands.Theyaret(transfer),w(write),andr(read).Thereare2versionsof
eachcommand.TheversionuseddependsonwhetherTerminalModeisenabledornot.Ifenabled,
anadditionalargumentisavailable(hex)anddatatobesentisentereddirectlyonthecommandline.
Ifnotenabled,hexisnotavailable,andthelengthofdatamustbespecified.Anydatatowriteissent
onlyafterthecommandisentered(newline)andthereturnvalueindicatessuccess(thecodeforOK).
IfOK,theZeptoProgwillthenreadlengthbytesfromUSB.
Thechipselectlinetouse(03)isarequiredargument.Normally,theZeptoProgholdsthe
specifiedchipselectlowonlyforthedurationofthecommand.Theoptionalargumentholdkeepsthe
chipselectlinelowbetweencommandsuntileitherholdisomitted,anotherchipselectlineis
specified,ortheSPIAppisexited.Thiscanbeusefulinterminalmodeifthelengthofdatatosend
exceedstheremainingcommandlinebufferspace,orifyouwishtomixhexadecimalandASCII.
TheoptionalhexargumentisusefultoenterbinarydatawheninTerminalMode.Ifspecified,
separatevaluescanthenbelistedseparatedbywhitespace.Valuesstartingwith0xareinterpreted
ashexadecimal,butvaluescanbeenteredindecimalaswell.Whenhexisnotspecified,all
charactersareinterpretedasASCII.
example:

w0HelloWorld!

example:

thex00xc10x000x0345

SPITransfer
TerminalMode:
t[hold][hex]0|1|2|3<TXdata(uptoremaininglinebuffersize)>
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|INVALIDPIN|INVALIDHEX

action:

IfOK,TXdatafromthecommandlineissentoverSPI.Thelengthofdata
isdeterminedautomaticallyfromthecommandline.ForeachTXbyte,
anRXbyteisreadfromSPIandsentoverUSB.Ifthedummybyteisused,all
bytesfromSPIthatmatchthedummybytevaluewillbediscarded.

NonInteractiveMode:
t[hold]0|1|2|3{length(16b)}
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|INVALIDPIN

action:

IfOK,lengthbytesofTXdataarereadfromUSBandsentoverSPI.Foreach
TXbyte,anRXbyteisreadfromSPIandsentoverUSB.Ifthedummybyteis
used,allbytesfromSPIthatmatchthedummybytevaluewillbediscarded.

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UserGuide
SPIWrite

TerminalMode:
w[hold][hex]0|1|2|3<txdata(uptoremaininglinebuffersize)>
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|INVALIDPIN|INVALIDHEX

action:

IfOK,TXdatafromthecommandlineissentoverSPI.Thelengthofdata
isdeterminedautomaticallyfromthecommandline.

NonInteractiveMode:
w[hold]0|1|2|3{length(16b)}
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|INVALIDPIN

action:

IfOK,lengthbytesofTXdataarereadfromUSBandsentoverSPI.

SPIRead
TerminalMode:
r[hold][hex]0|1|2|3{length(16b)}
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|INVALIDPIN

action:

IfOK,lengthbytesofRXdataarereadfromSPIandsentoverUSB.Ifthe
dummybyteisused,allbytesfromSPIthatmatchthedummybytevaluewillbe
discarded.

NonInteractiveMode:
r[hold]0|1|2|3{length(16b)}
returns:

OK|SYNTAXERROR|INVALIDPIN

action:

IfOK,lengthbytesofRXdataarereadfromSPIandsentoverUSB.Ifthe
dummybyteisused,allbytesfromSPIthatmatchthedummybytevaluewillbe
discarded.

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UserGuide
ResponseCodesforSPIApp

Terminal Mode

Non-Interactive Mode

OK

0x00

SYNTAXERROR

0x01

INVALIDPIN

0x02

INVALIDHEX

0x0c

ExampleSession
ThisexampledemonstratescommunicationwithaSPISRAMchip(Microchip23K256)in
TerminalModeusingchipselect0withan8MHzclock.Theholdfeatureisusedtomixcommandsin
hexadecimal(anddecimal)withdatainASCII.
SPI > t hex 0 5 0
OK
FF 00
SPI > t hex 0 1 0x41
OK
07 FF
SPI > t hex 0 5 0
OK
FF 41
SPI > w hold hex 0 2 0 0
OK

SPI > w 0 Hello World!

OK

SPI > w hold hex 0 3 0 0

OK

SPI > r 0 12
OK
Hello World!

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DFUBootloader
TheZeptoProgfirmwarewillbeupdatedperiodicallytoaddnewfeaturesandfixbugs.These
updateswillbeavailableontheMattairTechwebsite.Theupdatesmayincludejustahexfile(for
programmingflash),orbothahexfileandeepfile(forprogrammingbothflashandEEPROM).

FLIP
PlugintheZeptoProgwhileholdingdownbothbuttons.ThiswillentertheDFUbootloader.
LEDAshouldbeoffandLEDBshouldbeon.NowlaunchtheFLIPutility.Whenithasloaded,click
onthechipiconandselecttheAtmega32U2.

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Next,clickontheUSBicon,selectUSB,thenconnect.Thescreenshouldnowshow
informationabouttheATmega32U2.ClickontheFilemenu,andopentheappropriatehexfile.More
informationwillappearabouttheprogram.Besurethateraseischecked.TheZeptoProgfirmware
cannotbeloadedunlesstheflashiserasedfirst.UncheckBlankCheck,asitisnotsupported.
Programmustbechecked.Verifymustbeunchecked.Readingoftheflashisnotallowed,so
verificationisnotpossible.VerificationislessusefulwhenprogrammingoverUSBanyway,asUSB
provideserrordetectionandcorrection.NowclickontheRunbuttoninthelowerleftofthescreen,
andthefirmwarewillbequicklyloadedontotheZeptoProg.Ifyouencounterproblems,thenyouwill
needtounplugtheZeptoProg,disconnectFLIP,andstartovermakingcertainthattheabovesettings
areobserved.

YoumayalsoneedtoprogramtheEEPROM.Ifso,clickonSelectEEPROMatthebottom.
Then,clickontheFilemenuandopentheappropriateeepfile.Youwillhavetochangethefilefilterto
allowyoutoseetheeepfile.Notethateepfilesarejusthexfilesbutwiththeeepextensioninsteadof
hex.Moreinformationwillappearaboutthefilewhenselected.BothProgramandVerifyshouldbe

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checked.ClickruntoprogramtheEEPROM.

dfuprogrammer
TODO
Musterasechipfirst.Cannotreadflash.
dfuprogrammeratmega32u2erase
dfuprogrammeratmega32u2flasheepromZeptoProg110111.eep(ifapplicable)
dfuprogrammeratmega32u2flashsuppressvalidationZeptoProg110111.hex

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LegalNotices
CopyrightNotices
Copyright
Copyright
Copyright
Copyright

2009-2011,
2009-2010,
2010, ChaN
2003-2010,

Justin Mattair (http://www.mattairtech.com/)

Dean Camera (http://www.fourwalledcubicle.com/)
(http://elm-chan.org/)
Atmel Corporation (http://www.atmel.com/)

SoftwareDisclaimer
The author disclaim all warranties with regard to this software, including all
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. In no event shall the author be
liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages
whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of
contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection
with the use or performance of this software.

HardwareDisclaimer
The product described in this document is subject to continuous development and
improvements. All particulars of the product and its use contained in this
document are given by MattairTech LLC in good faith. However all warranties
implied or expressed including but not limited to implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for particular purpose are excluded.
This document is intended only to assist the reader in the use of the product.
MattairTech LLC shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising from the use of
any information in this document or any error or omission in such information or
any incorrect use of the product.

Trademarks
ZeptoProg is a trademark of MattairTech LLC.
AVR is a registered trademark of Atmel Corporation.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Acknowledgments
Thanks to Dean Camera (http://www.fourwalledcubicle.com/) for his excellent LUFA
library, AVRISPmkII clone, and DFU bootloader, all of which are used in the
ZeptoProg firmware. Thanks to the members of AVRfreaks (http://www.avrfreaks.net/)
for their support. Finally, thanks to Atmel for creating a great product, the AVR.

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AppendixA:PoweringTargetviaZeptoProg5V
WARNING
Care must be taken if using the Vtgt solder jumper to output 5V to
the target board. Reverse polarity protection is not active in this
configuration, and there is no overload protection. Be sure that the
target board can operate safely when powered from the ISP
connector. Do not attempt to program XMEGA devices with 5V.

TODO
openingthecase(useflatheadscrewdriverateachcornermultipletimesaroundthe
perimeter,slowlyliftingthetop;thetopisattachedtothebottomvia4plasticpinsinsertedinto4
plasticholesateachcorner,liftingonecornertoomuchbeforelevelingoutusingtherestofthe
cornersmaybreakapin)
solderjumper(solderJ9onbottomcornertoconnectVbus5VtoVtgt,useonly5Vcompatible
targets)

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AppendixB:AVRProgrammerSupportedDevices
TheZeptoProgsupportsallAtmelAVRmicrocontrollerswithanISP,PDI,orTPIprogramming
interface.TheseincludethemegaAVRseries(ISP),thetinyAVRseries(ISP,TPI),theXMEGAseries
(PDI),theUSBAVRs(ISP),andthelistedCANandPWMAVRs.Thefollowinglistsmostofthe
supportedmodels.Addtothesethedifferentvoltageandspeedgradevariants.
ZeptoProgAVRProgrammermegaAVRSeriesDeviceSupport
ATmega128,ATmega1280,ATmega1281,ATmega1284,ATmega1284P,ATmega128A,ATmega16,ATmega162,
ATmega164A,ATmega164P,ATmega164PA,ATmega165,ATmega165A,ATmega165P,ATmega168,
ATmega168A,ATmega168P,ATmega168PA,ATmega169,ATmega169A,ATmega169P,ATmega169PA,
ATmega16A,ATmega16HVB,ATmega2560,ATmega2560,ATmega2561,ATmega32,ATmega324A,
ATmega324P,ATmega324PA,ATmega325,ATmega3250,ATmega3250A,ATmega3250P,ATmega325A,
ATmega325P,ATmega328,ATmega328P,ATmega329,ATmega3290,ATmega3290A,ATmega3290P,
ATmega329A,ATmega329P,ATmega329PA,ATmega32A,ATmega32C1,ATmega32HVB,ATmega32M1,
ATmega48,ATmega48A,ATmega48P,ATmega48PA,ATmega64,ATmega640,ATmega644,ATmega644A,
ATmega644P,ATmega644PA,ATmega645,ATmega6450,ATmega6450A,ATmega6450P,ATmega645A,
ATmega645P,ATmega649,ATmega6490,ATmega6490A,ATmega6490P,ATmega649A,ATmega649P,
ATmega64A,ATmega64HVE,ATmega8,ATmega8515,ATmega8535,ATmega88,ATmega88A,ATmega88P,
ATmega88PA,ATmega8A,ATmega8HVD

ZeptoProgAVRProgrammertinyAVRSeriesDeviceSupport
ATtiny10,ATtiny12,ATtiny13,ATtiny13A,ATtiny15,ATtiny167,ATtiny20,ATtiny2313,ATtiny2313A,ATtiny24,
ATtiny24A,ATtiny25,ATtiny26,ATtiny261,ATtiny261A,ATtiny4,ATtiny40,ATtiny4313,ATtiny43U,ATtiny44,
ATtiny44A,ATtiny45,ATtiny461,ATtiny461A,ATtiny48,ATtiny5,ATtiny84,ATtiny85,ATtiny861,ATtiny861A,
ATtiny88,ATtiny9

ZeptoProgAVRProgrammerXMEGASeriesDeviceSupport
ATxmega128A1,ATxmega128A1_revD,ATxmega128A1U,ATxmega128A3,ATxmega128A4,ATxmega128D3,
ATxmega128D4,ATxmega16A4,ATxmega16D4,ATxmega192A1,ATxmega192A3,ATxmega192D3,
ATxmega256A1,ATxmega256A3,ATxmega256A3B,ATxmega256D3,ATxmega32A4,ATxmega32D4,
ATxmega384A1,ATxmega64A1,ATxmega64A3,ATxmega64A4,ATxmega64D3,ATxmega64D4

ZeptoProgAVRProgrammerUSBAVRDeviceSupport
AT90USB1286,AT90USB1287,AT90USB162,AT90USB646,AT90USB647,AT90USB82,ATmega16U2,
ATmega16U4,ATmega32U2,ATmega32U4,ATmega32U6,ATmega8U2

ZeptoProgAVRProgrammerCANAVRandPWMAVRDeviceSupport
AT90CAN128,AT90CAN32,AT90CAN64,AT90PWM2,AT90PWM216,AT90PWM2B,AT90PWM3,
AT90PWM316,AT90PWM3B

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