Statistics and Probability Module 6: Week 6: Third Quarter

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
Module 6: Week 6: Third Quarter
Title of the Activity:

Mean and Variance of Sampling Distribution
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR
Brief Introduction
This module will discuss the concept of a Mean, Variance and Standard deviation of
sampling distribution. Upon doing the module, it will help the learners have a better
understanding about the importance of using samples(statistic) as data or variable.
Learning Competencies
At the end of this module, the learner should be able to;
1. identifies sampling distributions of statistics (sample
mean).
2. Finds the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
mean;
3. Defines the sampling distribution of the sample mean for normal
population when the standard deviation is: (a) known; (b) unknown.
Objectives
The main objective of this module is for the students to identify the values of
mean, variance, and standard deviation of a sampling distribution for infinite and finite
population.
Let’s Recall
Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of Population
Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. What is the Mean, Variance, and
Standard Deviation of Population? Recall that to get population parameters Mean, Variance
and Standard Deviation we use the formulas below:
σ𝑥 Ʃ(𝑥 − µ)2
𝜇= 𝜎2 = Ʃ(𝑥 − µ)2
𝑁 𝑁 𝜎=ඨ
𝑁
Computing for the parameters:

Mean:
Add all the element of the
population
Then divide by the

population size.
The value for the population mean is 3.00.
Variance and Standard Deviation:
Construct a table that would satisfy

the formula for the Population
Variance and Standard Deviation.
Variance: Standard Deviation:
The value for population variance and standard deviation are 2.00 and 1.41
respectively.
2
Let’s Understand
Illustrating Sampling Distribution of Sample Means

Using the same population before, suppose samples of size 2 with repetition are
drawn from this population. Show the illustration sampling distribution of sample mean.
To solve for the mean, we use:
𝛴𝑥̅
𝜇𝑋̅ =
𝑛
That is:
45
𝜇𝑋̅ =
15
𝜇𝑋̅ = 3.00
*List all possible samples (including

the repeated numbers) and their *Note: Mean of sample means is also called Overall
mean.
corresponding
Continue the table above, to solve for the variance of the sampling distribution of
sample means.
Compute the variance and standard

deviation of the sampling distribution
of the sample means. Follow these
steps:
a. subtract Mean of sample mean (µx̅ )

from each sample mean (x
̅ ). Label this
as x
̅ − µx̅ .
b. Square the difference. Label this as
(x̅ − µx̅ )2.
c. Add the result then divide by the
number of sample means
d. To get the standard deviation, find

the square root of the variance of the
sampling distribution of sample means
*Note: the Standard Deviation of the
sampling distribution of the sample
means is often called Standard Error
of the mean.
3
Now using the same population before, suppose samples of size 2 without
repetition are drawn from this population.
To solve for the mean, we use:
𝛴𝑥̅
𝜇𝑋̅ =
𝑛
That is:
1.5 + 2 + 2.5 + 3 + 2.5 + 3 + 3.5 + 3.5 + 4 + 4.5
𝜇𝑋̅ =
10
30
𝜇𝑋̅ =
10
*List all possible samples and their 𝜇𝑋̅ = 3.00

corresponding
Continue the table above, to solve for the variance of the sampling distribution of
sample means.
With the same process as before,

Compute the variance and standard
deviation of the sampling distribution
of the sample means. Follow these
steps:
a. subtract Mean of sample mean (µx̅ )

from each sample mean (x̅ ). Label this
as x
̅ − µx̅ .
b. Square the difference. Label this as
(x̅ − µx̅ )2.
c. Add the result then divide by the
number of sample means
d. To get the standard deviation, find

the square root of the variance of the
sampling distribution of sample means
From the examples above, we can conclude that:
1. µ = µ𝒙̅ .
2. 𝝈𝟐 > 𝝈𝟐̅𝒙 .
3. σ > 𝝈𝒙̅ .
4
Formulas
MEAN VARIANCE STANDARD DEVIATION
POPULATION
σ𝑥
𝜇= Ʃ(𝑥 − µ)2 GET THE SQUARE ROOT
𝑁 𝜎2 = OF THE POPULATION
𝑁 VARIANCE
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION (WITH REPETITION-INFINITE POPULATION)
𝛴𝑥̅
𝜇𝑋̅ = Ʃ(𝑥̅ − µ𝑥̅ )2
𝑛 𝜎𝑥̅2 =
𝑛 GET THE SQUARE ROOT
or OF THE VARIANCE OF
THE SAMPLING
𝜎2 DISTRIBUTION
𝜎𝑥̅2 =
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑛
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION (WITHOUT REPETITION-FINITE POPULATION)
𝛴𝑥̅ 𝜎2 𝑁 − 𝑛
𝜇𝑋̅ = 𝜎𝑥̅2 = ∙ 𝜎 𝑁−𝑛
𝑛 𝑛 𝑁−1 𝜎𝑥̅ = ∙ඨ
√𝑛 𝑁−1
Example 1:
A random sample of n=60 measurements is obtained from a population of N=120, with
𝜇=192 and σ=43. Describe the sampling distribution of sample means by computing the 𝜎𝑥̅ .
𝜎 𝑁−𝑛
Since the population size is given, the population is finite. We’ll use 𝜎𝑥̅ = ∙√
√𝑛 𝑁−1
to find the value of standard error of the mean.
𝜎 𝑁−𝑛 43 120 − 60 43 60
𝜎𝑥̅ = ∙ඨ 𝜎𝑥̅ = ∙ඨ 𝜎𝑥̅ = ∙ඨ 𝜎𝑥̅ = (5.55)(0.71)
√𝑛 𝑁 − 1 √60 120 − 1 √60 119
𝜎𝑥̅ = 3.94
5
Let’s Apply
A. Direction: Identify the terms that will complete each descriptions.

1. The Mean of Sampling Distribution is always equal to _________________.
2. We write Finite Population Correction Factor as: _____________.
3. The ______________ is another label for Mean of Sampling Distribution.
4. The Standard Deviation of Sampling Distribution can be represented as ____________.
5. The Population Variance and Standard Deviation is ________ than their counter parts in
Sampling Distribution of sample means.
B. Direction: Tell what will happen to each standard error of the mean when the sample
size is.:
1. increased from 50 to 200? Explain:________________________________________

2. decreased from 250 to 225? Explain:______________________________________
3. increased from 200 to 400? Explain:_______________________________________
4. increased from 40 to 50? Explain:________________________________________
5. decreased from 600 to 40? Explain:_______________________________________
C. Direction: solve for the value of the population correction factor:

1. N=200, n=10 4. N=500, n=10
2. N=2000, n=10 5. N=200, n=20
3. N=400, n=40
Let’s Analyze
Direction: Solve the problem below.

1. A population consists of three numbers (3, 6, 9). Consider all possible samples of size
2 which can be drawn without replacement from the population. Find the following:
a. Population mean
b. Population variance
c. Populations standard deviation
d. Mean of the sampling distribution of the means
e. Variance of the sampling distribution of the means
f. Standard deviation of the sampling distributions of the means.
6
Let’s Evaluate
Direction: Solve the following problems.
1. Consider all samples of size 4 from this population: 6 8 10 12 13

What is the mean and standard deviation of the Sampling Distribution?
2. Given the population 1, 3, 4, 6, and 8. Suppose 3 samples of size 3 are drawn from this
population. What is the mean and standard deviation of the Sampling Distribution?
3. A random sample of n=100 measurements is obtained from a population of N=120, with

𝜇=55 and σ=20. Describe the sampling distribution of sample means by computing the 𝜇𝑋̅ and
𝜎𝑥̅ .
4. Mang Renato’s ice cream machine serves about 220 ice creams daily, with an average of
315.45 ml each serving. The machine has some variability so the standard deviation of the
serving is 3.67 ml. A sample of 10 ice creams is inspected. What are the mean and standard
deviation of this sampling distribution?
5. A random sample of n=100 measurements is obtained from a population with 𝜇=55 and
σ=20. Describe the sampling distribution of sample means by computing the 𝜇𝑋̅ and 𝜎𝑥̅ .

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STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Module 6: Week 6: Third Quarter

Title of the Activity:

At the end of this module, the learner should be able to;

1. identifies sampling distributions of statistics (sample

3. Defines the sampling distribution of the sample mean for normal

Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of Population

Consider a population consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. What is the Mean, Variance, and

and Standard Deviation we use the formulas below:

Computing for the parameters:

Then divide by the

The value for the population mean is 3.00.

Variance and Standard Deviation:

Construct a table that would satisfy

Variance: Standard Deviation:

Illustrating Sampling Distribution of Sample Means

To solve for the mean, we use:

*List all possible samples (including

Compute the variance and standard

a. subtract Mean of sample mean (µx̅ )

d. To get the standard deviation, find

repetition are drawn from this population.

To solve for the mean, we use:

*List all possible samples and their 𝜇𝑋̅ = 3.00

With the same process as before,

a. subtract Mean of sample mean (µx̅ )

d. To get the standard deviation, find

From the examples above, we can conclude that:

MEAN VARIANCE STANDARD DEVIATION

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION (WITH REPETITION-INFINITE POPULATION)

SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION (WITHOUT REPETITION-FINITE POPULATION)

to find the value of standard error of the mean.

A. Direction: Identify the terms that will complete each descriptions.

1. increased from 50 to 200? Explain:________________________________________

C. Direction: solve for the value of the population correction factor:

2. N=2000, n=10 5. N=200, n=20

Direction: Solve the problem below.

Direction: Solve the following problems.

1. Consider all samples of size 4 from this population: 6 8 10 12 13

3. A random sample of n=100 measurements is obtained from a population of N=120, with

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