ALL WASTE SERVICES INC.

HAZARD/ASPECT IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT &

DETERMINATION of CONTROLS

Guidelines

RISK-BASED CONTROL PLAN

WHITE Risk considered acceptable. No additional controls or actions are required. No

Low Risk (L) documented records needed to be kept.

BLUE
Risk relatively acceptable. Establishment of Operational Guidelines is required.
Moderate Risk (M)

YELLOW Unacceptable level of risk. Efforts shall be made to reduce the risk – Operational
High Risk (H) Guideline is required. Establish Objectives, Targets and Programs.

Intolerable level of risk. Strong and immediate efforts should be undertaken –

RED
Operational Guideline is required. Establish Objectives, Targets and Programs.
Extreme Risk (E)
Provision of appropriate training to concerned personnel is necessary.

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 CLEAR BLUE YELLOW RED

A0 A5 B5 C5
A1 B4 C4 D5
A2 C3 D3 E4
A3 D2 D4 E5
A4 E2 E3 F4
B0 F2 F3 F5
B1
B2
B3
C0
C1
C2
D0
D1
E0
E1
F0
F1

The above Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) shall be used as a tool in standardizing Qualitative Risk
Assessment and in facilitating the categorization of risks from threats to health, safety, environment and
reputation. The matrix axes are Consequences and Likelihood.

LIKELIHOOD
A Rare
B Unlikely
C Moderate
D Likely
E Almost Certain
F Always Certain

CONSEQUENCE
0 Zero Impact
1 Slight Impact
2 Minor Impact
3 Local Impact
4 Major Impact
5 Massive Impact

A scale of consequences from “0” to “5” shall be used to indicate increasing severity. The
consequences are those credible scenarios (taking the prevailing circumstances into considerations) that
can develop from the release of hazards. The potential consequences, rather than the actual ones, shall
be used. These can be thought of as the consequences that could have resulted from the released hazard
if circumstances had been less favorable.

After assessing the potential outcome, the likelihood on the horizontal axis shall be estimated on
the basis of historical evidence or experience that such consequences have materialized within the
industry, the company or a smaller unit. Note that this should not be confused with the likelihood that
the hazard is released. It is the likelihood of the estimated consequences occurring.

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 The consequence estimate shall be based on envisaged scenarios of what “might happen” and
likelihood estimate shall be based on historical information that such a scenario has happened under
similar conditions, knowing full well that circumstances will never be exactly the same. Assessing the risk
of a particular scenario should be done in the following sequence - first, the potential consequence shall
be estimated and only thereafter, the likelihood of such consequences occurring shall be estimated.

The consequences of the release of a hazard shall be identified in each of the four categories (harm
to people, asset damage, environmental effect and impact on the reputation of the company) by
selecting an appropriate description on the vertical axis of the matrix. The rating for each likelihood and
consequence categories shall be defined as follows:

LIKELIHOOD/PROBABILITY DEFINITION

A Rare Impossible to occur, occurrence never heard in the industry

B Unlikely Remote but possible to occur; may occur once in every 5 years
C Moderate Occurs occasionally; may occur once in every year
D Likely Occurs frequently; may occur once in every month
E Almost Certain Occurs very frequently; may occur once in every week
F Always Certain Occurs every time the hazard is released; may occur at least once in a day.

CONSEQUENCE CATEGORY DEFINITION

HARM TO PEOPLE

0 Zero Injury No injury or damage to health.

Slight Injury or This includes Firs Aid Cases. No visible extent, not affecting work performance, or causing
1
Illness discomfort. Agents are not hazardous to health.

Extent of impact is confined to the operational site only. Injury or illness affecting work
Minor Injury or performance such as restriction to activities (Restricted Work Case, or Medical
2 Illness (Lost Treatment Case, and Occupational Illness) or a need to take a few days (less than one
Time Injury) month) to fully recover (Lost Workday Case). Agents have minor health effects, which are
reversible, e.g. skin irritation, food poisoning bacteria, etc.

This includes Permanent Partial Disability and Occupational Illness); Extent of impact
reaches up to within 500 meters. Affecting work performance in the longer term, such as
Serious Injury or prolonged absence from work (one month but not more than 3 months). Agents are
3
Illness capable of causing irreversible health damage without loss of life, e.g. noise induced
hearing loss, chronic back injuries, sensitization, hand / arm vibration syndrome, and
repetitive strain injury.

Permanent Total Extent of impact reaches up to within 1 km radius from an accident or workplace. Agents
4 Disability or One are capable of causing irreversible health damage with serious disability or death, e.g
(1) Fatality corrosive burns, heat stroke, sterility, cancer (small exposed population).

Extent of impact reaches up to more than 1 km radius from an accident or workplace.

Multiple
5 Agents are capable to cause multiple fatalities e.g. chemicals with acute toxic effects or
Fatalities
known human carcinogens (large exposed population).

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT – DISCHARGES/RELEASES

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 Discharge/Release is causing no physical changes or alteration to the environment - zero
0 Zero Impact
extent or impact to air, water and land.

Discharge / Release causing physical changes/alteration to the environment but causing

no immediate harm or environmental damage, i.e. repulsive odor, change in color,
1 Slight Impact
texture, etc. Mitigation not required or mitigation cost is negligible. Discharge/Release is
within the fence and/or a designated work area.
Discharge / Release causing minor environmental damage, but will not cause adverse
effects on the current use. Discharge/Release is within the fence and/or within
2 Minor Impact
designated work area. Cost of mitigating the damage is not more than Php 500,000.
Controlled discharge and release with non-pollutive substances.

Discharge / Release causing environmental damage that could affect the neighborhood
but will not result to interference in their day-to-day activities. Discharge / Release could
cause minor irritation, illness or injury among community members. Cost of mitigating
3 Local Impact
the damage is more than Php500,000 but not more than Php2,000,000. Uncontrolled
discharge and release with known pollutive substances (regulated pollutants) i.e. ODS,
COx, NOx, SOx, etc.

Discharge/Release causing severe environmental damage resulting to occasional

stoppage of activities in certain sector of the community, damage livelihood of the
community, i.e. fish kill, crop damage, etc. The company is required to take extensive
4 Major Impact
measures to restore the damaged environment. Discharge/Release resulting to breaches
of statutory or prescribed limits, or complaints from external interested parties. Cost of
mitigation is more than Php2,000,000 but not higher than Php5,000,000.

Discharge / Release causing persistent severe environmental damage or severe nuisance

extending over a large area, resulting to complete stoppage of activities in some sector
of the community, immediate danger on the lives of people in the community. Damage
5 Massive Impact
could not be reversed within a year, i.e. loss of commercial, recreational use or nature
conservancy. Extended breaches of statutory or prescribed limits. Cost of mitigation is
more than Php 5,000,000.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT - RESOURCE DEPLETION

(Applicable only to resource usage)

Goods and materials are from natural resource, readily renewable and available, but of
0 Zero Impact
no or low commercial value.
Goods or materials is man-made, synthetic or by-product, non-dangerous/hazardous;
1 Slight Impact
readily available and is over the counter purchase.
Goods or materials are man-made, synthetic or by-product, non-dangerous/hazardous; is
2 Minor Impact not readily available (commercially/economically) in the country; customer supplied
materials.
Goods or materials are man-made, synthetic or by-product, requiring safe-handling,
storage and use; supply or access is not regulated, i.e. chemicals that are not regulated,
3 Local Impact
industrial gases; Goods or materials from renewable resource but of high commercial
value - paper, cartons, etc.

Supply or access to the goods or materials is regulated, e.g. need for a permit, license,
4 Major Impact
prescription, specification with the installations, export/custom requirements, etc.
Goods or materials used come from non-renewable natural resource and supply or
5 Massive Impact
access is getting scarce, e.g. fossil/fuel oil, coal, metal deposits, etc.

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ASSET DAMAGE (Philippine Peso)

0 Zero Damage No Damage

1 Slight Damage Cost of repair or replacement is less than 50,000

2 Minor Damage Cost of repair or replacement is more than 50,000, but less than 500,000

3 Local Damage Cost of repair or replacement is more than 500,000, but less than 2,000,000

4 Major Damage Cost of repair or replacement is more than 2,000,000, but less than 5,000,000

5 Massive Damage Cost of repair or replacement is more than 5,000,000

PRODUCTION LOSS (Philippine Peso)

0 Zero Damage No disruption or loss in the operation

1 Slight Damage Negligible disruption in the operation, cost is less than 50,000

2 Minor Damage Brief disruption, cost is more than 50,000, but less than 500,000

3 Local Damage Partial shutdown in the operation, cost is more than 500,000, but less than 2,000,000

4 Major Damage Total shutdown in the operation, cost is more than 2,000,000 but less than 5,000,000

5 Massive Damage Total shutdown in the operation for days (cost is more than 5,000,000)

IMPACT ON REPUTATION

0 No Impact No public awareness

1 Slight Impact Public awareness may exist, but there is no concern.

2 Limited Impact Public awareness exists, some concern by the immediate community / barangay.

Public awareness, local public concern - some adverse stance of local or city government
3 Local Impact
and/or action groups.

Public awareness, national public concern - adverse attention in the national media,
4 National Impact effect on national policies with potentially restrictive measures and/or impact on grant of
licenses, mobilization of action groups.

International public attention - adverse attention in international media, international

International
5 policies with potentially severe impact on access to new areas, grants of licenses and on
Impact
tax legislation.

ENVIRONMENT, SAFETY & HEALTH (ESH) HAZARDS

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 PROMPT LIST

NORMAL CONDITION
(Company’s processes/activities - usually are scheduled & Planned)

1. RESOURCE USAGE (the use of any resource is an environmental hazard)

a. Usage of chemicals
b. Usage of Fuel Oils
c. Usage of Maintenance Oils and Lubricants
d. Usage of Office Supplies and Other Consumables
e. Usage of Production Materials (Direct raw materials)
f. Usage of Water
g. Usage of Electricity
h. Usage of Ozone Depleting Substances or ODS (refrigerants, halon type of fire extinguishers,
chemicals in aerosol container, etc.)

2. HANDLING, STORING AND DISPOSAL (HSD) OF WASTES

The word “waste” shall be replaced with the specific type of waste, as listed below. It must be
noted that any waste, including those disposed in an authorized landfill/contained, handled and
disposed by authorized garbage collector, accredited TSD, etc. could impact the environment.

a) Hazardous Wastes
 Used and Expired Chemicals
 Empty Chemical Containers and Contaminated Materials
 Used Oils
 Empty Containers, and Oil Contaminated Materials
 Used Blades, Needles, and Syringes
 Infectious/Pathological Wastes
 By-Product which are Toxic or Hazardous in Nature
 Scrap Materials which are Hazardous/Toxic in Nature
 Used Batteries
 Damaged/Busted Bulbs

b) Wet and Dry Garbage (ordinary garbage which are normally collected by MMDA or City
Waste Management Offices)

c) Industrial Wastewater

d) Domestic Wastewater

e) Etc.

3. AIR EMISSION FROM CERTAIN FACILITIES/SOURCES (from its normal operating condition)
a. Air Emission from Generators, Boilers
b. Lead-laden Fumes from Soldering / Scrubber
c. Particulate from stacks or Furnace
d. Smoke from Cigarettes
e. Air Emission from Mobile Sources - vehicles, farm equipment, etc.

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 f. Fumes / odor during handling, storage and use of chemicals
g. Fumes / odor during handling, storage and disposal of wastes

4. LAND-USE AND LAND ACTIVITY RELATED ASPECTS

a. Land Degradation
b. Aggravated Soil Erosion from soil disturbances/alterations
c. Forest destruction from land-use conversion
d. Residues from pesticide and fertilizer application
e. Hazards from induced volcanic activities due to resource extraction

5. OTHER ESH HAZARDS (specific to a certain source, materials, machine or facilities)

a. Noise
b. Traffic Congestion
c. Vibration
d. Heat
e. Exposure to Radiation
f. Exposure to Communicable/Infectious Disease

ABNORMAL CONDITION
(An extension of planned or scheduled activities, usually caused by operator's negligence/error, poor
equipment maintenance)

1. POTENTIAL SPILL/LEAK DURING (HSU) HANDLING, STORAGE AND USE) OF CHEMICALS AND OILS,
i.e. small leaks or spills

2. POTENTIAL SPILL/LEAK DURING (HSD) HANDLING, STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES, i.e. small
leaks or spills

EMERGENCY

1. EMERGENCY/ACCIDENT (caused by unplanned events and /or activities)

2. POTENTIAL EMERGENCY (the word “emergency” should be substituted with a specific emergency
situation, i.e. spills or leaks involving large quantities)

a. Spillage - (oils, chemicals, etc.)

b. Undetected Leakage (underground storage tank, gas leaks, etc.)
c. Fire / Explosion
d. Landslides / Flashfloods
e. Etc.

3. POTENTIAL ACCIDENT AT WORKPLACE (focused on operator) - to define the source of hazards

a. Road / vehicular Accident
b. Burns
c. Cuts
d. Slip and Fall
e. Electrocution
f. Etc.
LEGACIES - activities and exposures performed where effects to human
health will be manifested 5 or more years after exposure.

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1. PAST OPERATIONS

2. BURIED HAZARDOUS WASTES

3. ABANDONED SITES (UNDERGROUND STORAGE AREAS)

4. CONTAMINATED SITES DUE TO SPILLS, DISCHARGES

CONSEQUENCES/ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
PROMPT LIST

1. RESOURCE DEPLETION
2. AIR / WATER / LAND POLLUTION

CONSEQUENCES/HEALTH AND SAFETY RISK

PROMPT LIST
1. DEATH
2. INJURY
3. ILL HEALTH

4. AIR / WATER / LAND POLLUTION

CONTROLS
(Par. 4, Section No. P-2.4, IMS Manual)

a) Elimination;
b) Substitution;
c) Engineering Controls;
d) Signage/Warnings and/or Administrative Controls; and/or
e) Personal Protective Equipment

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