Ans.

Charge leaks from A first as surface charge density ( ) at A (sharp ends) is

more.
24. What is dielectric strength ? Write the value of dielectric strength of
air.
Ans. Maximum electric field which can be safely applied across a dielectric
before its break down is called dielectric strength.
Dielectric strength of air = 3 × 106 V/m.
25. Two charges – q and + q are located at points A (0, 0, – aa)) and B (0, 0, +
a).
). How much work is done in moving a test charge from point (b
((b,
b, 0, 0) to
Q (– b, 0, 0) ?

Ans. W = dr cos 90° = 0

E along equitorial line of dipole is anti-parallel to dipole moment, hence
perpendicular to displacement or W = 20 × q0 × Vequatorial = q0 × 0 = 0 J.
26. If an electron is accelerated by a Potential difference of 1 Volt, Calculate
the gain in energy in Joule and electron volt.
Ans. Gain in Energy = eV = 1.6 × 10–19 × 1 = 1.6 × 10–19 J
or KE = 1e × 1 volt = 1.6 × 10–19 C × 1 volt = 1.6 × 10–19J
27. Draw schematically the equipotential surface corresponding to a field
that uniformly increases in magnitude but remains in a constant (say z)
direction.
Ans.

E increases therefore, equipotential surface are closer i.e., d1 > d2.

28. Figure shows six charged lumps of plastic coin. The cross-section of a
Guassian surface S is indicated. What is the net electric flux through the
surface ?

Unit I - II 11
Ans. = .

29. Without referring to the formula C = 0 A/d. Explain why the capacitance
of a parallel plate capacitor reduces on increasing the separation between
the plates ?
Ans. P. D. = V = E × d
‘d’ increases hence V increases.

as C = C decreases.

30. Draw field lines to show the position of null point for two charges + Q1
and – Q2 when magnitude of Q1 > Q2 and mark the position of null point.

Ans. |Q1| > |Q2 |, N is the neutral point.

31. How does the relaxation time of electron in the conductor change when
temperature of the conductor decreases.
Ans. When temperature of the conductor decreases, ionic vibration in the
conductor decreases so relaxation time increases.
32. Sketch a graph showing variation of resistivity with temperature of (i)
Copper (ii) Carbon.

12 Physics Class - XII)

Ans.

33. The emf of the driver cell (Auxiliary battery) in the potentiometer experiment
should be greater than emf of the cell to be determined. Why ?
Ans. If emf of a driver cell is less, then null point will not be obtained on the
potentiometer wire.
34. You are required to select a carbon resistor of resistance 47k + 10% from
a large collection. What should be the sequence of color bands used to code it ?
Ans. Yellow, Violet, Orange, Silver.
35. Find the value of i in the given circuit :

Ans. On applying Kirchoff current law on junction A, at junction A

2+3=I+4
so, I = + 1A
36. Two wire one of copper and other of manganin have same resistance and
equal length. Which wire is thicker ?

Ans. R =

Manganin is thicker.

Unit I - II 13
37. You are given three constants wires P, Q and R of length and area of
cross-section (L, A), respectively. Which has highest
resistance ?

Ans. RP =

RR = RQ = 4RP, RR =

Q has the highest resistance,

38. V – I graph for a metallic wire at two different temperatures T1 and T2
is as shown in the figure. Which of the two temperatures is higher and
why ?

Ans. Slope of T1 is large, so T1 represents higher temperature as resistance

increases with temperature for a conductor

R= = slope.

39. Out of V – I graph for parallel and series combination of two metallic
resistors, which one represents parallel combination of resistors ? Justify
your answer.

14 Physics Class - XII)

Ans. The resistance for parallel combination in lesser than for series combination
for a given set of resistors. Hence B represents parallel combination sinc
is more. Hence Resistance = is less.

40. Why is the potentiometer

entiometer preferred to a voltmeter for measuring emf of a
cell ?
Ans. Emf measured by the potentiometer is more accurate than cell because the
cell is in open circuit giving no current.
41. How can a given 4 wires potentiometer be made more sensitive ?
Ans. By connecting a resistance in series with the potentiometer wire in the
primary circuit, the potential drop across the wire is reduced.
42. Why is copper not used for making potentiometer wires ?
Ans. Copper has high temperature coefficient of resistance and hence not
preferred.
43. In the figure, what is the potential difference between A and B ?

Ans. VA – VB = – 8 volt.
44. A copper wire of resistance R is uniformally stretched till its length is
increased to n times its original length. What will be its new resistance ?
Ans. R = n2R

R = = n2R

45. Two resistance 5 and 7 are joined as shown to two batteries of emf
2V and 3V. If the 3V battery is short circuited. What will be the current
through 5

Ans. I =

46. Calculate the equivalent resistance between points A and B in the figure
given below.

Unit I - II 15
Ans. We obtain using wheatstone bridge balencing condition.

47. What is the largest voltage that can be safely put across a resistor marked
196 , 1W ?

Ans. P = = P R = 1 × 196 = 196

V = 14 Volt.
48. When does the terminal voltage of a cell become (i) greater than its emf
(ii) less than its emf ?
Ans. (i) When the cell is being charged terminal potential difference (V) becomes
greater than emf (E), V = E + Ir
I
(ii) When the cell is discharged, then V < E
V=E–Ir
49. A car battery is of 12V. Eight dry cells of 1.5 V connected in series also
give 12V, but such a combination is not used to start a car. Why ?
Ans. Dry cell used in series will have high resistance (= 10 ) and hence provide
low current, while a car battery has low internal resistance (0. 1 ) and hence
gives high current for the same emf, needed to start the car.
50. Two electric lamps A and B marked 220 V, 100W and 220V, 60W
respectively. Which of the two lamps has higher resistance ?

Ans. As R = lamp has higher resistance.

51. Resistors of high value are made up of carbon. Why ?

Ans. High resistivity and low temperature Coefficient of resistance.

16 Physics Class - XII)

52. Draw graph showing the variation of electronic field & electronic potential
with distances 'r' due to a point change.
53. Net capacitance of three identical capacitors in series is 1µF. What will be
their net capacitance if connected in parallel. Find the raio of energy stored
in two combinations connected across the same battery.
54. Distinguish with the help of a suitable diagram,the difference in the
behaviour of conductor and a dielectric substance placed in an external
electric field. How does the polarised dielectric modifies the external field.
55. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is charged to a potential of
V volt. It is then connected across another uncharged capacitor of same
capacitance .Find the ratio of initial energy of single capacitor to the final
energy combination . [Ans -2:1]
56. An infinite large plane thin chargedged sheet has surface charge density .
Obtain an expression for work done in carrying a point charge q from finity
to a point at a distance
57. A proton and a alpha particle are accelerated from rest through a potential
difference of 100 volt. Find (i) Their KE in eV and Joule (ii) which particle
will move faster.
[Ans: (1) 100 eV, 200 eV, 1.6 x 10-17J, 3.2x 10-17J (ii) Proton]
58. An electron starting from rest takes 14×10-9 sec to reach from one plate to
other of a capacitor placed 2 cm apart. If charge to mass ratio of electron
is 1.8×1011 CI kg. Then find the potential difference between the plates.
[Ans: V = 2400 Volt]
59. An alpha particle of charge 3.2×10- cm/sec and mass 6.8×10-27Kg is
19

initially moving at speed 107 when it is at far distance from another fixed
point charge 112×10-19C. Find the distance of closest approach.
[Ans: r = 9.4×10-15 m]
60. If the dielectric strength of air is 3×106 V /m, what will be the maximum
potential at the surface of a metal sphere of radius 1m.
[Ans: V = 3×106 Volt]
61. Two point charge each +3 µC are placed along the diameter of a circle of
radius 15 cm. Calculate the ectric potential at the ends of perpendicular
diameter [Ans: V = 2.52×105 Volt]
62. An electric dipole of dipole moment 40×10-6C-m is enclosed by a closed
surface. What is the net flux coming out of the surface? [Ans: zero]

Unit I - II 17
63. Does the charge given to a metallic sphere depend on whether it is solid or
hollow .Give reason.
[Ans: Charge comes on the outer surface only, like charges repel and
conductor allows flow of charge]
64. A and B are two conducting spheres of the same radius, A being solid and
B hollow. Both have same field on their surface. What will be the relation
between the charges on the two spheres? [Ans: Same]
65. How does the electric flux due to a point charge enclosed by a spherical
gaussian surface is affected ,if radius is increased
[Ans: remains same as it does not depend upon shape and size of
Gaussian surface]
66. How does the Coulomb force between two point charges depend upon the
dielectric constant of the intervening medium?
[Ans: It decreases with increasing dielectric constant of medium]
67. The distance of the field point, on the equatorial plane of a small electric
dipole, is halved. By what factor will the electric field, due to the dipole,
change? Ans: As E oc 1/r3, 8 times]
[Ans:
68. Two plane sheets of charge densities + and - are kept in air as shown in
figure.What are the electric field intensities at points A and B?
[Ans: zero, / 0]

-
69. Why does the electric field inside a dielectric decrease when it is `aced in
an external electric field?
[Ans: Due to induced field is opposite direction]
70. A charge Q is uniformly distributed over a ring of radius a.Obtain an
expression for electric field intensity at a point on the axis of ring. show
that at far point ring behaves as a point charge.
71. Figure shows electric lines of force due to two point charges q1 and q2 placed
at points A and B respectively. Write the nature of charge on them.
[Ans: Q1 <0, Q2 < 0]

18 Physics Class - XII)

72. Two points charges q1 and q2 are placed close to each other. What is the
nature of force between the charges when q1 <0, q2 > 0, q1 < 0, q2 < 0
[Ans: Attractive, repulsive]
73. A metal rod of square cross-section area A having length l has current I
flowing through it, when a potential difference of V volt is applied across
its ends (figure I). Now the rod is cut parallel to its length in two Identical
pieces and joined as shown in (figure-II). What potential difference must
be maintained across the length 2l so that the current in the rod is still
remains I ?

Ans. R1 =

R2 = = 4R1

I= =

V2 = 4V
74. (a) Define torque acting on a dipole moment Placed in a uniform electric
field Express it in the vector form and point out the direction along
which it acts.
(b) What happens if the electric field is non-uniform ?
(c) What would happen if the external field is increasing (i) Parallel to
p (ii) anti-parallel to p ?
75. State the condition under which the terminal potential difference across a
battery and its emf are equal.
Ans. When battery is in open circuit i.e. when no current is being drawn from
the cell. Vopen = emf of cell or battery

Unit I - II 19
76. State the condition for maximum current to be drawn from a cell.

Ans. I = for I maximum R = 0 i.e., for maximum current the terminals of

a cell must be short circuited.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 MARKS)
1. An oil drop of mass m carrying
ying charge – Q is to be held stationary in the
gravitational field of the earth. What is the magnitude and direction of the
electrostatic field required for this purpose ? Ans.E
E = mg/Q, downward
2. Draw E and V versus r on the same graph for a point charge.
3. Find position around dipole at which electric potential due to dipole is zero
but has non zero electric field intensity.
–
Ans. Equitorial position, V = 0, = (a << r)

4. Derive an expression for the work done done in rotating an electric dipole
from its equilibrium position to an angle with the uniform electrostatic
field.
5. A electrostatic field line can not be discontinuous.Why ?
6. A thin long conductor has linear charge density of 20 C/m. Calculate
the electric field intensity at a point 5 cm from it. Draw a graph to show
variation of electric field intensity with distance from the conductor.
Ans. 72 × 105 N/C
7. What is the ratio of electric field intensity at a point on the equatorial line
to the field at a point on axial line when the points are at the same distance
from the centre of the dipole ? Ans. 1 : 2
8. Show that the electric field intensity at a point can be given as negative of
potential gradient.
9. A charged metallic sphere A having charge qA is brought in contact with an
uncharged metallic sphere of same radius aand then separated by a distance

d. What is the electrostatic force between them. Ans.

10. An electron and a proton travel through equal distances in the same uniform
electric field E. Compare their time of travel. (Neglect gravity)
11. Two point charges – q and + q are placed 2l metre apart, as shown in Fig.
Give the direction of electric field at points A, B, C and D, A is mid point
between charges – q and + q.
20 Physics Class - XII)