BCN Risk Report Jan 2022

LANDSLIDE RISK
ASSESSMENT REPORT
Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato
Purpose of this report
This landslide risk assessment report presents an integrated hazard, exposure,
vulnerabilities, and capacities information of the Dynaslope Project site in Brgy. Bacong,
Tulunan, Cotabato. It is intended for the use of the local stakeholders, i.e., local government
units (provincial, municipal, and barangay) and the community, as an aid in the planning and
implementation of landslide risk reduction measures in the site.
Data and information presented in this report were gathered through the different activities
conducted in the Project site (see Appendix A).
About the Dynaslope Project

Dynaslope Project is a locally-funded project of the Department of Science and
Technology-Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (DOST-PHIVOLCS) that
aims to establish a community-based early warning system for communities at risk of
landslides. Currently implemented in 52 sites across the Philippines, the early warning
system for landslides (EWS-L) provides warning information to partner communities and
LGUs to help them make proper responses to impending landslide events.
Landslide Risk Assessment Report 1

List of Acronyms 4
Setting 5
Location and Climate 5
Geology 5
Landslide Hazard 6
History and Activity 6
Landslide Features 7
Materials Characterization 10
Landslide Mechanism 10
Deep-seated Landslide Hazard Zone 11
Landslide Exposure 11
Social Exposure 12
Economic Exposure 17
Environmental Exposure 18
Human Exposure 18
Overall Landslide Exposure 23
Vulnerability and Capacity 29

Community-level multidimensional vulnerabilities and capacities
Household-level Vulnerabilities And Capacities Profile 40
Analysis of VC Profile 44
Summary Synthesis of Landslide VC 47
Landslide risk 47
Risk perception 52
Recommendations 54
References 57
Appendices 58

List of Acronyms
CBEWS-L Community-based early warning systems for landslides
CLRA Community landslide risk assessment
DRR Disaster risk reduction
DRRM Disaster risk reduction and management
DOST-PHIVOLCS Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Institute of

Volcanology and Seismology
DSL Deep-seated landslide
EaR Elements-at-risk
EWS-L Early warning system for landslide
HHR Households at risk
LEWC Landslide early warning committee
MOMs Manifestations of movement
PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services

Administration
PLW Pregnant and lactating women
PWD Persons with disabilities
PSA Philippine Statistics Authority
VC Vulnerabilities and capacities

Setting
Location and Climate
Tulunan is the southernmost municipality of Cotabato. The landslide site in Brgy. Bacong is
located at 6°48’39.0”N, 125°1’6.0”E, in the eastern side of the municipality of Tulunan (Fig.
1).
Figure 1. Location map of the EWS-L site in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato. Traces of active faults
were obtained from DOST-PHIVOLCS (2019). Administrative boundaries are from PSA (2016).
The site falls under Type III climate, characterized by seasons that are not very pronounced,
with relatively dry months from November to April and wet for the rest of the year (PAGASA,
2014).
Geology
The Province of Cotabato is largely situated over the Cotabato Basin. It is bounded by the
Lanao-Bukidnon highlands to the north, the Tiruray-Daguma Range to the southwest, by
Mount Matutum and Mount Parker to the southeast, and by Mount Apo to the east (Corpuz,
1992).

The depositional history of the Cotabato Basin was described in detail by Tamesis (1981). A
major influx of marine sediments composed of fine-grained clastics and limestone deposited
on a metamorphic basement during the Oligocene. The deposition of marine sediments was
then interrupted by orogenic and volcanic events in the Early Miocene, which resulted in the
uplift of major highlands surrounding the basin. Deposition of fine-grained clastics in the
basin resumed, burying the older carbonate reefs that developed in the south-central part of
it. During the Late Miocene, the basin sank deeper, allowing turbidites, pelagic, and
volcaniclastic rocks, as well as lava flows to deposit and flow into it. During the Pliocene,
much of the deposition in the basin was dominated by bathyal sediments. This was then
overlain by shallow marine clastics and carbonate rocks in the Late Pliocene to Pleistocene.
Towards the end of the Pleistocene, fluvial gravel deposits covered the entire Cotabato
Basin. Tulunan forms part of the Cotabato Basin. Bacong, in particular, sits on marl.
The province is traversed by the Cotabato Fault System, which was responsible for the
October 2019 Cotabato earthquake sequence. This includes the M’lang Fault, Makilala
Fault, Balabag Fault, Makilala-Malungon Fault, North Columbio Fault, and the South
Columbio Fault. The site is 840 m NE of M’lang Fault (DOST-PHIVOLCS, 2019).
Landslide Hazard
History and Activity
According to locals, the first landslide event in the site occurred in October 1970, during
Super Typhoon Titang (international name: Kate) which made landfall in the southern part of
Mindanao. A depressed area where the landslide originated from can still be observed on
the slope. The debris spread across Banayal River but did not reach the houses near the
foot of the slope.
In 2012, rainfall that lasted for a day caused local slope failures, not only in the landslide site,
but in other nearby slopes as well. The debris blocked the Banayal River, particularly along
the bridge at the entrance to Brgy. Bacong. The water overflowed towards the houses,
causing one casualty in the community.
In October 2019, a series of strong shallow earthquakes, generated by the Cotabato Fault
System, struck the province of Cotabato. The earthquakes started on October 16, but it was
only after the October 29 magnitude 6.6 earthquake when tension cracks appeared at the
site. A magnitude 6.5 earthquake then occurred on October 30, resulting in the widening and
lengthening of the cracks, as well as the progression of a crack to a scarp farther upslope.
Other than cracks, multiple shallow landslides occurred at the fall face. The debris reached
Banayal River at the foot of the slope.
The most recent activity occurred in October 2020 where heavy rainfall resulted in erosion of
materials along the steep part of the slope.

Landslide Features
The landslide site sits atop a ~110-m high slope with inclinations that gradually increase
from 9° to 23° on the upslope, and steepen to 37° at the point of the shallow landslides and
eroded area (Fig. 2). Gullies beside the landslide drain southwesterly into the Banayal River.
Landslide scarps, ground cracks, and shallow landslides are present in the site. Fig. 3 shows
the deep-seated landslide hazard map of the site with the mapped features.
Figure 2. Oblique aerial view of the landslide site and elements at risk in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan,
Cotabato. The uppermost part of the landslide is marked by a white arrow and the fall face area of the
shallow landslides is marked by a yellow arrow.

Figure 3. Deep-seated landslide hazard map of the landslide site in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato
as of November 2021. Downslope direction is toward the west. Hazard information presented in this
map is limited to the active deep-seated landslide being monitored by the Dynaslope Project.
Changes in the features may affect the extent of the deep-seated landslide hazard zone.
The main landslide scarp is 25 m long and trends NNE (Figs. 4a and 4b). Vertical
displacement ranges from 45 to 50 cm high and horizontal displacement is 45 cm wide at
places. Ground cracks, which are distributed on the slope, generally trend NE and vary from
2 to 27 m long and from 8 to 40 cm wide (Figs. 4c and 4d). The longest crack is ~15 m
WNW of the main scarp.

Figure 4. (a) and (b) A segment of the main landslide scarp (6°48'39.08"N, 125°1'6.49"E and
6°48'39.32"N, 125°1'6.54"E). (c) and (d) Ground cracks at different locations on the slope
(6°48'39.48"N, 125°1'6.66"E and 6°48'37.81"N, 125°1'6.25"E). (a) and (c) were taken during the
landslide hazard survey on September 21, 2021, while (b) and (d) were taken during the
reconnaissance survey on February 18, 2020.
About 25 m west of the main scarp, the remnant of the 1970 landslide is observed. It is
bounded by smooth landslide scarps and lateral margins, and is recognized by gradual
depression and disturbance on the slope. It covers an area of about 3000 m 2. At the
steepest part of the slope on the fall face, which spreads over an area of about 10000 m 2,
bare surfaces exposed by shallow landslides and frequent erosion are observed (Fig. 2).
Local shallow landslides can also be observed on nearby slopes.
Three pairs of surficial markers, namely A, B, and C, were strategically placed along
selected features. The main scarp is straddled by marker A, the uppermost crack by marker
B, and the lowermost crack by marker C. These markers are measured by the LEWC and
operate as the data source of surficial ground movement. Subsurface landslide sensors
BCN_A and BCN_B were installed to detect underground movement. Sensor BCN_A is
located ~14 m west of the main scarp and sensor BCN_B is situated within the 1970
landslide body and 28 m WSW of BCN_A. Locations of the markers and sensors are marked
in Fig. 3. Other details on the monitoring instruments are shown in Appendix B.

Materials Characterization
The slope is composed of poorly graded sandy soil with pebble- to cobble-sized and angular
to subangular fragments of calcium carbonate-rich mudstone called marl. Sand composition
ranges from fine-grained to coarse-grained, with occasional clay and silt. The outcrop
exposed at the footslope along Banayal River is gray and massive and was identified to be
marl (Fig. 5a). Field estimates of uniaxial compressive strength of the intact marl correspond
to weak rocks. Discontinuities were observed, with attitudes of N 40° W dipping SW and N
25° E dipping 34° WNW. North of the site and outside the deep-seated landslide hazard
zone, another discontinuity surface trending N 11° E and dipping 17° WNW was also
identified. Weathered marl exposures were also found along the trails within the site (Fig.
5b).
Figure 5. (a) Marl outcrop along Banayal River (6°48’38.7”N, 125°1’0.3”E). Rock pick (yellow arrow)
is 33 cm long. (b) Weathered marl exposures along the trail to the site. Handheld transceiver is 19 cm
long.
Landslide Mechanism
Based on the ground movement activity reported by the community and the landslide
features observed in the site, a deep-seated landslide may occur. The delineated moving
mass extends from the scarps and cracks upslope that formed in October 2019 up to the
base of the shallow landslides downslope, and has a total area of ~23,500 m 2. Rotational
slide is the probable failure mechanism, though planar slide may also happen along SW-
dipping discontinuities. Preliminary slope stability analysis suggests that the depth of the slip
surface at BCN_B ranges from 30 to 50 m. Debris avalanche is the most likely transport
mechanism considering the configuration of the slope. Once deposited at the base of the
slope, the debris may cause landslide damming. Landslide damming along Banayal River
would induce landslide-amplified flash floods just like what happened in 2012 when the
water overflowed towards the houses.

Deep-seated Landslide Hazard Zone
The deep-seated landslide hazard zone is delineated to show which areas may be affected
in case of the occurrence of a deep-seated landslide (Fig. 3). It consists of the active
landslide area and buffer zone (Fig. 6). The active landslide area includes the probable
landslide source, which is the slope being monitored, and the potential landslide runout of
the deposit. The buffer zone is traced to account for uncertainties in the delineation of the
landslide source and runout. The active landslide area and the buffer zone are classified as
high hazard and moderate hazard, respectively. This hazard classification is used in
determining the overall landslide risk.
Figure 6. The active landslide area (red polygon) and buffer zone (orange polygon) of the deep-
seated landslide site in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato.
Landslide Exposure
Exposure refers to the situation of elements at risk (EaR) at a given time with respect to the
landslide hazard. Elements-at-risk are the people and properties or tangible assets deemed
important by the community, including resources, critical facilities, and social and cultural
assets, that may be affected in case a landslide occurs.
This section presents the site exposure information gathered during the community landslide
risk assessment (CLRA) activity in October 2021. The section provides an overview of the
different consequences or impacts to the community if a landslide occurs on the monitored

slope. Potential impacts are classified into four (4) dimensions, i.e., social, economic,
environmental, and human.
Social Exposure
Social exposure refers to the structures and areas within the DSL hazard zone that provide
basic social service and venue for community interaction. Examples of these structures and
areas are:
● Residential: Buildings intended for private occupancy, e.g., houses, boarding houses.
● Institutional: Structures and areas that are meant to provide service to the
community, such as for educational/recreational function (e.g., schools, parks, gyms,
courts, day care centers), religious function (churches, temples), government service
(barangay hall, other government offices), and health and emergency (e.g., clinics,
hospitals, evacuation center, community bathrooms, septic tanks, and sewage
facility).
● Transportation: Infrastructures developed primarily for transportation, such as roads

(e.g., access road, barangay, municipal, provincial, and national roads), bridges,
waiting sheds, terminals, and motorpools.
● Utilities: Infrastructures that provide basic amenities to the community, such as power
(e.g., electrical towers, solar power storage), water (e.g., well, water tanks), and
communication (communication towers).
● Cultural landmarks: Structures and sites that have cultural significance to the
community, such as monuments, burial grounds, and others. These also include
areas or structures that the community deems important for congregation, assembly,
or social gathering.
Table 1 and Fig. 7 present the social exposure identified by the community. There are 98
identified social exposures, including 91 houses, a school, a day care center, a church, a
barangay hall, a barangay health center, a covered court and a multipurpose hall.
Table 1. List of social exposure identified by the community in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan,
Cotabato as of October 2021.
Label in Deep-seated
Description Head of Household/Owner
Landslide Exposure Map
H1 house Jayson Laman
H2 house Ariel Edian
H3 house Lita Ocom

H4 house Rogelio Gante
H5 house Ronnie Malinoy
H6 house Rolando Gante
H7 house Leopoldo Pandacan
H8 house Jerry Atao
H9 house Armando Aguadilla
H10 house Vegel Laman
H11 house Ronnie Ogit
H12 house Antonio Peles
H13 house Benjie Peles
H14 house Fernando Bayaan
H15 house Ar-ar Panday
H16 house Morales Laman
H17 house Conrado Laman
H18 house Gulili Panday
H19 house Lino Bulahing
H20 house Roger Panday
H21 house Dannyboy Aguadillo
H22 house Delia Bulahing
H23 house Alfredo Panday
H24 house Junerey Panday
H25 house Arnold Panday
H26 house Tony Pandacan
H27 house Roger Tamba
H28 house Arsenio Lias
H29 house Gerry Gulanday

H30 house Ariel Geronca
H31 house Mandy Laman
H32 house Carlito Kumbi
H33 house Jefferson Acac
H34 house Arthur Panday
H35 house Roxane Montesano
H36 house Gaudencio Ogit
H37 house Daniel Edian
H38 house Luciano Esnim
H39 house Conrado Edian
H40 house Joey Panday
H41 house Robert Ogit
H42 house Eldefonsa Peles
H43 house Felipe Dalinan
H44 house Turing Peles
H45 house Osmena Acac
H46 house Ariel Pedro
H47 house Lito Gamao
H48 house Edong Lama Sr.
H49 house Ivan Vicente
H50 house Raul Laman
H51 house Causing Laman
H52 house Dodong Laman
H53 house Lindo Calibay
H54 house Reymart Malude
H55 house Joseph Malugka

H56 house Jovany Armando
H57 house Rufino Acac Sr.
H58 house Jimmy Malit
H59 house Charlie Pedro
H60 house Tano Guinang
H61 house Jidu Gulanday
H62 house Victor Acac
H63 house Evan Roy Zaragoza
H64 house Romeo Esnim
H65 house Jeffrey Esnim
H66 house Benjie Malagon
H67 house Benjamen Malagon Sr.
H68 house Gregorio Itom
H69 house Robert Malagon
H70 house Valdez Launan
H71 house Romeo Fabello Jr.
H72 house Wincislao Laman
H73 house Ronald Malit
H74 house Edmond Gamao
H75 house Jeffrey Gamao
H76 house Samuel Laman
H77 house Moten Malagon
H78 house Ferwel Salip
H79 house Berting Buan
H80 house Nardo Sambong
H81 house Diway Dalinan

H82 house Lolita Malagon
H83 house Danilo Dalinan Sr.
H84 house Pepe Malit
H85 house Rogelio Dalinan
H86 house Nerry Acac
H87 house Carlos Akna
H88 house Villamen Akna
H89 house Agusting Saling
H90 house Matilde Armando
H91 house Ranel Panday
S1 Bacong Elementary School government
S2 covered court government
S3 Catholic church parish, government support
S4 barangay hall government
S5 barangay health center government
S6 day care center government
S7 multipurpose hall government/community

Figure 7. Social exposure map of Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato as of October 2021.
Economic Exposure
Economic exposure refers to the economic assets within the DSL hazard zone. Examples of
these structures and areas are:
● Agricultural: Structures and areas used for agricultural activities, such as for crops
(e.g., garden, plantation, orchard), livestock/poultry (e.g., piggery, poultry, pasture
land), and processing or storage.
● Commercial: Structures and areas mainly used for trade or business, such as for
food (e.g., wet/dry market, restaurants), retail (e.g., sari-sari store, grocery), industrial
(medium- to large-scale processing or manufacturing plants), and tourism (e.g.,
museums, view deck).
Table 2 and Fig. 8 present the economic exposure identified by the community. There are
seven (7) identified economic exposures, i.e., three coconut groves, two parcels of land for
banana planting, and two parcels of land for rubber cultivation.
Table 2. List of economic exposure identified by the community in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan,
Label in Deep-seated Description Owner

Landslide Exposure Map
N1 coconut grove Antonio Peles

N2 coconut Ronald Malit
N3 coconut Roger Tamba
N4 banana plantation Ronald Malit
N5 banana Arcinio Lias
N6 Rrubber plantation Ronald Malit
N7 rubber Arcinio Lias
Figure 8. Economic exposure map of Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato as of October 2021.
Environmental Exposure
Environmental exposure refers to the natural resources that may be directly affected by
landslides. Examples are natural cover/vegetation (e.g., forest, grassland), water bodies

(e.g., sea, river, lake, pond, falls, wetlands), and areas with mineral resources and other raw
materials. There are no areas identified under the environmental exposure.
Human Exposure
Human exposure refers to the population that may be harmed in case of a landslide. Based
on the estimated potential runout, an estimated number of people may be reached by
landslide deposit once the slope fails. Tables 3 and 4 and Fig. 9 show information of the
population that may be directly affected by deep-seated landslide in Brgy. Bacong.
Table 3. Population that may be directly affected by landslide in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan,
Estimated population size that may be approximately 529
directly affected by a deep-seated
landslide*
Number of households 91
Total number of residents at least 429
Disaggregated information of the residents exposed to landslides
Male Female Total number

count count per age group
Ages 0-5 26 24 at least 50
Ages 6-12 37 34 at least 71
Ages 13-17 38 25 at least 63
Ages 18-59 119 104 at least 223
Elderly (60 and above) 7 15 at least 22
Total number per sex group 227 202 at least 429

*Refers to the people living within the hazard zone and those who do not live in the area but go to
the area for specific purposes.
Table 4. List of households that may be affected by the deep-seated landslide in Brgy.
Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato as of October 2021.
Label in Deep-seated
Head of
Landslide Exposure Household Size*
Household/Owner
Map

H1 Jayson Laman 3
H2 Ariel Edian 3
H3 Lita Ocom 5
H4 Rogelio Gante 22
H5 Ronnie Malinoy 5
H6 Rolando Gante 7
H7 Leopoldo Pandacan 7
H8 Jerry Atao 6
H9 Armando Aguadilla 4
H10 Vegel Laman 6
H11 Ronnie Ogit 3
H12 Antonio Peles 6
H13 Benjie Peles 3
H14 Fernando Bayaan 3
H15 Ar-ar Panday 4
H16 Morales Laman 7
H17 Conrado Laman 8
H18 Gulili Panday 4
H19 Lino Bulahing 4
H20 Roger Panday 4
H21 Dannyboy Aguadillo 5
H22 Delia Bulahing 3
H23 Alfredo Panday 3
H24 Junerey Panday 2
H25 Arnold Panday 6
H26 Tony Pandacan 4

H27 Roger Tamba 4
H28 Arsenio Lias 5
H29 Gerry Gulanday 4
H30 Ariel Geronca 4
H31 Mandy Laman 2
H32 Carlito Kumbi 4
H33 Jefferson Acac 3
H34 Arthur Panday 3
H35 Roxane Montesano 5
H36 Gaudencio Ogit 3

5
H37 Daniel Edian
5
H38 Luciano Esnim
3
H39 Conrado Edian
4
H40 Joey Panday
9
H41 Robert Ogit
2
H42 Eldefonsa Peles
3
H43 Felipe Dalinan
H44 Turing Peles 2
H45 Osmena Acac 13
H46 Ariel Pedro 3
H47 Lito Gamao 7
H48 Edong Lama Sr. 7
H49 Ivan Vicente 3
H50 Raul Laman 5
H51 Causing Laman 3
H52 Dodong Laman 3

H53 Lindo Calibay 7
H54 Reymart Malude 4
H55 Joseph Malugka 5
H56 Jovany Armando 3
H57 Rufino Acac Sr. 4
H58 Jimmy Malit 5
H59 Charlie Pedro 3
H60 Tano Guinang 8
H61 Jidu Gulanday 2
H62 Victor Acac 3
H63 Evan Roy Zaragoza 3
H64 Romeo Esnim 6
H65 Jeffrey Esnim 7
H66 Benjie Malagon 2
H67 Benjamen Malagon Sr. 4
H68 Gregorio Itom 8
H69 Robert Malagon 4
H70 Valdez Launan 3
H71 Romeo Fabello Jr. 6
H72 Wincislao Laman 6
H73 Ronald Malit 4
H74 Edmond Gamao 3
H75 Jeffrey Gamao 3
H76 Samuel Laman 6
H77 Moten Malagon 4
H78 Ferwel Salip 4

H79 Berting Buan 4
H80 Nardo Sambong 5
H81 Diway Dalinan 2
H82 Lolita Malagon 4
H83 Danilo Dalinan Sr. 8
H84 Pepe Malit 9
H85 Rogelio Dalinan 12
H86 Nerry Acac 6
H87 Carlos Akna 9
H88 Villamen Akna 7
H89 Agusting Saling 4
H90 Matilde Armando 2
H91 Ranel Panday 5

Figure 9. Daytime human exposure map of Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato as of October 2021.
Numbers inside the polygons indicate the count of occupants of the structure or area.
Overall Landslide Exposure

Considering the different dimensions of exposure, a landslide exposure classification was
determined for the identified EaR in Brgy. Bacong. The classification indicates the possible
impact or consequence to the community if the EaR is affected by a landslide. Exposure
classification was determined for two temporal categories, i.e daytime and nighttime.
Discriminating the number of occupants during the daytime and nighttime aims to reflect the
daily population dynamics within the area. This can be used in planning and implementing
DRR measures. The exposure classification will be used in determining the overall landslide
risk classification.
Among the EaRs identified by the community, five (5) have high exposure classification, 83
have moderate exposure, 12 have low exposure, and two (2) still need additional data to
classify exposure (Table 5 and Fig. 10).
Table 5. Summary of exposure classification per structure and area.
Number of Exposure
Label in Description Head of Occupants Classification*
Deep-seated Household/ day night day night

time time time time
Landslide Property Owner
Exposure
H1 house Jayson Laman 2 3 moderate moderate
H2 house Ariel Edian 2 3 moderate moderate
H3 house Lita Ocom 3 5 moderate moderate
H4 house Rogelio Gante 8 22 moderate high
H5 house Ronnie Malinoy 4 5 moderate moderate
H6 house Rolando Gante 6 7 moderate moderate
H7 house Leopoldo Pandacan 5 7 moderate moderate
H8 house Jerry Atao 4 6 moderate moderate
H9 house Armando Aguadilla 3 4 moderate moderate
H10 house Vegel Laman 5 6 moderate moderate
H11 house Ronnie Ogit 2 3 moderate moderate
H12 house Antonio Peles 6 6 moderate moderate
H13 house Benjie Peles 2 3 moderate moderate
H14 house Fernando Bayaan 2 3 moderate moderate
H15 house Ar-ar Panday 3 4 moderate moderate
H16 house Morales Laman 4 7 moderate moderate
H17 house Conrado Laman 5 8 moderate moderate
H18 house Gulili Panday 2 4 moderate moderate
H19 house Lino Bulahing 3 4 moderate moderate
H20 house Roger Panday 3 4 moderate moderate
H21 house Dannyboy Aguadillo 3 5 moderate moderate
H22 house Delia Bulahing 3 3 moderate moderate
H23 house Alfredo Panday 2 3 moderate moderate
H24 house Junerey Panday 2 2 moderate moderate
H25 house Arnold Panday 5 6 moderate moderate
H26 house Tony Pandacan 2 4 moderate moderate
H27 house Roger Tamba 3 4 moderate moderate
H28 house Arsenio Lias 4 5 moderate moderate
H29 house Gerry Gulanday 3 4 moderate moderate
H30 house Ariel Geronca 3 4 moderate moderate
H31 house Mandy Laman 1 2 moderate moderate

H32 house Carlito Kumbi 3 4 moderate moderate
H33 house Jefferson Acac 3 3 moderate moderate
H34 house Arthur Panday 2 3 moderate moderate
H35 house Roxane Montesano 4 5 moderate moderate
H36 house Gaudencio Ogit 2 3 moderate moderate
H37 house Daniel Edian 4 5 moderate moderate
H38 house Luciano Esnim 4 5 moderate moderate
H39 house Conrado Edian 2 3 moderate moderate
H40 house Joey Panday 3 4 moderate moderate
H41 house Robert Ogit 6 9 moderate moderate
H42 house Eldefonsa Peles 2 2 moderate moderate
H43 house Felipe Dalinan 2 3 moderate moderate
H44 house Turing Peles 2 2 moderate moderate
H45 house Osmena Acac 12 13 high high
H46 house Ariel Pedro 2 3 moderate moderate
H47 house Lito Gamao 6 7 moderate moderate
H48 house Edong Lama Sr. 6 7 moderate moderate
H49 house Ivan Vicente 2 3 moderate moderate
H50 house Raul Laman 4 5 moderate moderate
H51 house Causing Laman 3 3 moderate moderate
H52 house Dodong Laman 0 3 low moderate
H53 house Lindo Calibay 6 7 moderate moderate
H54 house Reymart Malude 3 4 moderate moderate
H55 house Joseph Malugka 4 5 moderate moderate
H56 house Jovany Armando 2 3 moderate moderate
H57 house Rufino Acac Sr. 3 4 moderate moderate
H58 house Jimmy Malit 4 5 moderate moderate
H59 house Charlie Pedro 2 3 moderate moderate
H60 house Tano Guinang 7 8 moderate moderate
H61 house Jidu Gulanday 1 2 moderate moderate
H62 house Victor Acac 2 3 moderate moderate
H63 house Evan Roy Zaragoza 2 3 moderate moderate
H64 house Romeo Esnim 2 6 moderate moderate
H65 house Jeffrey Esnim 6 7 moderate moderate

H66 house Benjie Malagon 1 2 moderate moderate
Benjamen Malagon
H67 house Sr. 3 4 moderate moderate
H68 house Gregorio Itom 7 8 moderate moderate
H69 house Robert Malagon 3 4 moderate moderate
H70 house Valdez Launan 2 3 moderate moderate
H71 house Romeo Fabello Jr. 5 6 moderate moderate
H72 house Wincislao Laman 5 6 moderate moderate
H73 house Ronald Malit 3 4 moderate moderate
H74 house Edmond Gamao 2 3 moderate moderate
H75 house Jeffrey Gamao 2 3 moderate moderate
H76 house Samuel Laman 5 6 moderate moderate
H77 house Moten Malagon 3 4 moderate moderate
H78 house Ferwel Salip 3 4 moderate moderate
H79 house Berting Buan 3 4 moderate moderate
H80 house Nardo Sambong 4 5 moderate moderate
H81 house Diway Dalinan 2 2 moderate moderate
H82 house Lolita Malagon 3 4 moderate moderate
H83 house Danilo Dalinan Sr. 6 8 moderate moderate
H84 house Pepe Malit 7 9 moderate moderate
H85 house Rogelio Dalinan 9 12 moderate high
H86 house Nerry Acac 5 6 moderate moderate
H87 house Carlos Akna 6 9 moderate moderate
H88 house Villamen Akna 6 7 moderate moderate
H89 house Agusting Saling 3 4 moderate moderate
H90 house Matilde Armando 1 2 moderate moderate
H91 house Ranel Panday 4 5 moderate moderate
Bacong
Elementary
S1 School government - - no data no data
covered
S2 court government 100 100 high high
Catholic parish, government
S3 church support 50 - high no data
barangay
S4 hall government 3 3 low low

barangay
health
S5 center government 2 2 low low
S6 day care government 5 5 low low
center
S7 multipurpos government/ 30 2 high low
e hall community
N1 coconut Antonio Peles 3 0 low low
N2 coconut Ronald Malit 1 0 low low
N3 coconut Roger Tamba 1 0 low low
N4 banana Ronald Malit 1 0 low low
N5 banana Arcinio Lias 3 0 low low
N6 rubber Ronald Malit 1 0 low low
N7 rubber Arcinio Lias 3 0 low low
*Exposure classification with no data requires further data gathering. All fields will be completed
during the validation fieldwork.
Figure 10. The overallprimary landslide exposure map of Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato
as of October 2021.

Vulnerability and Capacity
Vulnerability is the condition of individuals, households, or communities that make them
susceptible to damage and loss. Capacities, on the other hand, refers to individual and
collective abilities and resources found in a community that are used to cope with adverse
impacts or adapt to impending changes. Both capacities and vulnerabilities are multi-
dimensional and can be classified into environmental, physical, human, social, and
economic.
Vulnerability and capacity (VC) are also multi-scalar, which means the range of the VC data
can either be global, national, community-level, or household-level. The data presented in
this profile will focus on two scales: household-level and community-level. Household-level
profiling was done to look into how the VC of each household-at-risk affects their landslide
risk; while community-level VC profiling was carried out to check how community
vulnerabilities can aggravate and how community capacities can help minimize household-
level risk.
Community-level multidimensional vulnerabilities and

capacities
This section will present the vulnerabilities and capacities of Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan,
Cotabato. The VC data in this section are the conditions or resources of the community that
may aggravate or may reduce the community’s landslide risk. The data presented in this
section were gathered from the Community Landslide Risk Assessment in October 2021.
Community’s vulnerability and capacity profile are classified into the five (5) dimensions.
(Table 6).
Table 6. Summary of data for each vulnerability and capacity dimension.

Dimension of VC Data
Environmental Description and status of natural resources, changing climate

trends, environmental changes
Physical Availability of infrastructures, technologies, houses, water source,

equipment, transportation and communication facilities
Human Description of knowledge, skills, behaviors, and motivations of the

community
Social Availability of community plans, organizational networks, access to

social services, policies, ordinances, gender and power relations,
and exclusion/inclusion of vulnerable sectors, community
organizations and systems

Economic Description and status of livelihoods, land productivity, sources of
income, local and national economic systems, and poverty
incidence
Environmental VC
Environmental vulnerabilities and capacities refer to the presence and status of natural
resources, changing climate trends, and environmental changes that the community
experiences.Descriptions of environmental conditions of Barangay Bacong that are relevant
to landslide risk are shown in Table 7.
Table 7. Environmental VC data collected from Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato on October 14-16,
2021.
Environmental VC Condition/Situation in Brgy. Bacong

parameter
Terrain/location The barangay has a total land area of ____

and is situated 12km east of the municipality
of Tulunan.
Land areas are characterized by mountain

slopes and are approximately 300m above
mean sea level.
M’lang Fault (Cotabato Fault System) is the

nearest active fault (approximately 600 m
away from the barangay).
Mt. Apo is the nearest potentially active

volcano (approx. 35 km NE from barangay),
with no immediate volcanic hazard threat.
Climate Type III tropical climate – characterized by

seasons that are not very pronounced, with
relatively dry months from November to April
and wet for the rest of the year
Vegetation cover Predominantly covered with perennial crops

and grassland.
The local climate provides soil moisture

suitable for growing agricultural crops like
banana, abaca, rubber, root crops, coconut,
vegetables, and rice.

Natural water The Banayal river passes through the
resources barangay. This serves as an alternative
source of water. The Fekong Ambok falls is
the major tourist spot in the barangay which
also serves as an income-generating tourism
spot.
The area of Barangay Bacong is situated on different slopes. It has a forest cover with an
estimated area of 10 to 15 ha. Forest areas include trees such as gmelina, ipil-ipil, bamboo,
lawaan, and mahogany. The Banayal river and the Fekong Ambok falls are the two major
water bodies in the barangay. The Banayal river which passes through the barangay serves
as an alternative source of water. This river is also used for washing clothes, and bathing. As
a tourist spot in the barangay, the Fekong Ambok falls generates income for the residents
wherein the residents provide transportation services to tourists. However, roads going to
this tourist spot are still undeveloped.
In terms of local climate conditions, the community recognized high temperatures all
throughout the year. According to the elders in the community, drought has been
experienced in the past which resulted in famine and death. In recent years, the community
also noticed a shift and a shortened rainy season from August to October in the past, to
May, June, and August in the present. A prolonged dry season in the barangay is also
observed which occurs from January to April and in September.
There are also noticeable changes in soil conditions in the barangay. The community
members also observed that the soil is more productive in the past compared to the present
wherein they need fertilizers to increase the yield. Pest infestation is also prevalent in the
production areas. Different pests such as bugs and rodents affect crop yield.
Physical VC
Physical dimension refers to the availability and status of infrastructures (institutional and
industrial), technologies, public utilities, and communication, equipment, and transportation
facilities within the community. The succeeding tables present the available infrastructure
(Table 8), technologies (Table 9), utilities (Table 10), and communication, transportation, and
other equipment (Table 11) in the barangay.
Table 8. Institutional infrastructures present in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato. There are two types
of infrastructure: institutional and industrial. Institutional infrastructures are government- or
community-owned while industrial infrastructures are government-, community- or private-owned that
are used for economic purposes.

Infrastru Type of Function/s Status/condition
cture infrastructure
Barangay hall Institutional, Space for the Functional; no

government- delivery of specific condition
owned government identified
services; venue
for meetings
Day care center Institutional, Day care Unsafe location

government- services,
owned quarantine
facility
Bacong Institutional, Primary Structural damages

Elementary government- education such as cracks on
School owned walls
Bacong High Institutional, Secondary Unsafe location;

School government- education Situated in a slope
owned
Covered court Institutional, Venue for Unsafe location

government- activities,
owned celebration, and
ceremonies
Multi-purpose Institutional, Stock room and Structural damages

building community- quarantine such as cracks on
owned facility walls
Health center Institutional, Space for health Unsafe location;

government- care services in there are partial
owned the community structural damages
such as cracks on
walls
Catholic church Institutional, Religious Unsafe location

community and services
government-
owned
Table 9. Technologies present in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato. Technologies pertain to the DRR-
related equipment in the community.

Technologies Function/s Status/condition
No existing DRR-related equipment identified
Table 10. Public utilities present in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato. Public utilities are entities that
provide or maintain public services.
Public utilities Function/s Status/condition
Reservoir Water utility Main source of water;

Implemented by the
Barangay Water and
Sanitation Association
(BAWASA)
Electric Electric utility Few residents have access

connection to electricity
Table 11. Communication, transportation, and other equipment present in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan,
Cotabato that can be used in DRR.
Communication, Function/s Status/condition

transportation, and
other equipment
ICOM: control base Used for communication Primary channel used to

communication communicate with
stakeholders from the
outside
Piso wifi vending Access to internet connection Primary connection to the

machine internet; Located in
different houses/stores in
the barangay
Solar panels and solar Alternative sources of Some private individuals

dryer electricity have solar panels installed
in their houses; a solar
dryer is located in the
barangay centro
Motorcycles and Used for transportation Used for transporting

jeepneys people and goods to and
from the barangay
Human VC
Human capacities and vulnerabilities pertain to conditions and characteristics of individuals

within the community. In particular, this section will present the pertinent knowledge, skills,
and attitudes of the community members. Table 12 summarizes identified human capacities
and vulnerabilities in Barangay Bacong.
Table 12. Summary of community identified knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA) in Brgy. Bacong,
Tulunan, Cotabato.
KSA Vulnerabilities Capacities
Knowledge Members of the community

participate in DRR activities such
as DRR training, and emergency
rescue and response.
The identified vulnerable sectors

such as the elderly and PWD
have wisdom that can give
guidance to community
members.
Skills The elderly, PWDs and PLWs Some children can serve as
are perceived to be physically sources or channels of general
weaker, have disadvantage in information. Some of the unique
mobility, and are fragile. traits of this age group is being
more observant and extremely
curious of their surroundings.
Youth are active in barangay

activities. They are capable of
assisting in essential tasks
especially in DRRM-related
activities. They can be tapped as
volunteers and rescuers in the
community.
Adults are the ones capable of

planning and decision-making in
evacuation situations.

Attitude Children tend to misbehave or The act of bayanihan (kastubong)
not listen to their parents which and volunteerism are some of the
makes them at risk in times of traits of the community
disasters.
Indigenous practices and culture
Adults are prone to experience of sharing system (Sable) makes
low morale and loss of will to live the community united.
when livelihoods are affected by
calamities.
The community members identified trauma, panic, physical injuries and stress, loss of
livelihoods, and loss of lives as the major effects of landslides to the residents. They also
specified the possible effects of landslides to different age groups in the community. Children
of young age are more vulnerable to physical injuries and accidents because they are mostly
dependent on their guardians. Schooling for children and youth might be affected due to
disruptions caused by a possible landslide. Mental health issues like depression and loss of
morale would be a prevalent effect on adults. This is tied to possible financial challenges
they might experience brought about by loss of livelihoods when a landslide occurs.
Moreover, the community mentioned that vulnerable groups like PWD can help in planning
for evacuation. They presented the idea of having a ”partner system” with the neighbors of
PWD households that will assist them in evacuation situations. This will enable the PWDs to
easily seek help in case of a landslide.
Different characteristics between different genders are also noted by the community.
According to some residents, girls tend to be more easily affected by events and become
more nervous while boys are relatively calm. There are notions that women are more
worried when the family is away because they care more for their loved ones. Some
community members expressed that typically, women still take on most of the household or
familial duties while men provide financial support for the family. In connection, they said
men are the ones responsible for securing a safe place for the family in evacuation
situations, while women prepare food and beddings during evacuation, and help in health
and medical concerns when needed. Members from the youth sector added that women
have the foresight because of their ability to give appropriate care and provision when
something is about to happen.
The community consists of 99.9% indigenous people (IP). There are no discrimination
between members of the community. They recognize that they can experience the same
effects of landslides. On the other hand, B'laan tribe’s culture of sharing and bayanihan
efforts are some of the strongest traits of the people of Bacong.
Social VC

Social capacities and vulnerabilities pertain to the access to basic social services,
organizational systems and relationships (internal and external organizations and networks),
and local governance and response capacity of the community (community plans, policies,
ordinances, gender and power relations, exclusion/inclusion of vulnerable sectors in plans)
within the community.
Access to basic social services
The community has access to primary and secondary education. The presence of a daycare
center, elementary school, and junior high school in the barangay serves as a capacity for
the residents, as the children do not need to go to nearby barangays to have their education.
There is an accessible barangay health center which provides services for birth delivery,
medical supplies, and contraceptives for the community. Some of the identified households
at risk are also Philhealth members.
Cracks seen in the infrastructures make it susceptible to shocks and stresses, thus services
may be affected by a landslide as the facilities may be damaged. Destruction of roads may
also disrupt basic educational and health services as the roads are being used by the
teachers and students.
Basic utility services such as water and electricity are also accessible to the community.
Majority of the households in the barangay have access to water and electricity. Water
supply is distributed in the barangay with the help of barangay waterworks and sanitation
association (BAWASA). There are also toilet facilities present in all households at risk.
In terms of health, there are no major disease outbreaks in the community. Coughs and
colds are often experienced by elderly, children, and teenagers because of the changes in
season. There are recorded cases of dengue according to the residents, but only a few.
Diarrhea was a concern in the past due to lack of potable water in the barangay as residents
used to get drinking water from the river and deep wells.
Organizational systems and institutional relationships
The community identified the different stakeholders that have contributions to disaster risk
reduction (Table 13).
Table 13. Internal and external stakeholders in the community.

Internal stakeholders/organizations External stakeholders/organizations
● Barangay Local Government ● Department of Social Welfare and

Organization (BLGU) Development (DSWD)
● TUWID (women’s organization) ● Municipal Disaster Risk
● Senior citizen Reduction and Management

● Youth organization/SK Office (MDRRMO)
● BKADDS (Blaan Amda Klayug ● Provincial Local Government Unit
Didusan Satu) (PLGU)
● LA BUGAL (B’laan organization) ● Religious sector
● BAKADBA (tribal leaders) ● Interconnecting Operations
● PWD association through Networking Plans-
● Barangay Waterworks and Scholarship Program (ICON SP)
Sanitation Association (BAWASA) ● Catholic Relief Services (CRS)
● Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino ● World Vision
Program (4Ps) beneficiaries ● Global Impact
● Green Card
● Department of Agriculture (DA)
● Department of Science and
Technology-Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology
(DOST-PHIVOLCS) Dynaslope
The BLGU is considered to be very active in all community-led activities among all internal
organizations. The BLGU is also said to be the gateway for the implementation of barangay
activities. In terms of DRR contribution, the community members initially identified BLGU to
have moderate contribution due to lacking facilities and equipment for rescue and DRR, but
was changed to have high contribution due to the presence of plans. Moreover, they are also
active in attending and facilitating seminars and trainings together with the MLGU and youth
sector.
Organizations of different sectors are also present in the community. The youth organization,
with the most number in the barangay (607) are active in both internal and external
programs. Some of them attended DRR training such as water search and rescue training
(WASAR) and basic life support/ first aid training conducted by the MDRRMO. The TUWID
women’s organization, with around 90 members, is primarily focused on skills training such
as cooking and soap-making but does not have DRR-related activities. PWD and senior
citizen associations were also identified to have low contributions in DRR.
Other internal stakeholders in the community are the BKADDS, LA BUGAL and BAKADBA.
The BKADDS is a DOLE registered organization mainly composed of farmers in the
barangay. To be a member, the organization requires a banana plantation, a business
capital of 1,000 pesos, and additional documents such as birth certificate and marriage
license. LA BUGAL, on the other hand, provides scholarship programs and other educational
support for the community. They are connected to the ICON SP (external counterpart of LA
BUGAL) who also provides educational support, and conducts training and seminars on
adolescence and HIV awareness in the community. Lastly, BAKADBA is one of the most
relevant organizations in the barangay. The group is mainly composed of ancestors, elders,
and tribal leaders (datus). Culturally, elders consider the mountains, specifically the identified
unstable slope, as sacred areas. It is believed that there are spirits that guard the mountains.

They are the primary caretakers of their ancestral lands. The organization’s purpose is to
preserve the traditional B’laan beliefs and practices in the barangay.
BAWASA is in charge of provision of water utilities to the residents. The DA provides

livelihood programs for the barangay, specifically in the agricultural sector. The agency
grants a 1M-peso project to the barangay that is allotted for sustainable farming. The DSWD
also continues to provide assistance to the community through its poverty alleviation and
flagship safety net program of 4Ps. There are more than 200 family beneficiaries in the
barangay.
Most of the organizations in the barangay are open to all genders. They are also open to
LGBTQ, but there are no specific groups for them. These groups lead some of the activities
in the barangay.
The community identified that external stakeholders also have stakes in the community.
Some from religious sectors are involved in DRRM. The community identified around 12
religions in the barangay. Although some still practice the B’laan tradition, some of them
have also converted to Christianity and other religions. In terms of other disaster related
activities, the MLGU and the PLGU extends a helping hand to the community when needed.
The PLGU provides food and non-food reliefs such as pails, trapal, and clothes, while the
MDRRMO supports the community specifically on trainings and drills. In addition, the
Dynaslope Project conducts seminars and series of training on landslides and will install
subsurface sensors in the identified slope.
Local and international non-government organizations (NGOs) such as CRS, World Vision,
Global Impact, Green Card provided relief after the Cotabato 2019 earthquake. Some of
these NGOs had immediate disaster relief operations and short-term engagement in the
barangay during the aftermath of the event.
Generally, most of the organizations have strong relationships and contributions to DRR. For
the community, the relationship between the stakeholders in the barangay can be further
strengthened through coordination and involvement of as many people as possible in
various activities.
Response Capacity and Governance
The barangay captain’s residence serves as the control base for disasters. This is the
identified command center in times of emergency in the barangay. The BLGU also has
existing plans for evacuation and relocation in the barangay. Currently, there are no early
warning systems in place. A number of DRR-related seminars and training in the barangay
were conducted after the Cotabato earthquake in 2019. Aside from these barangay-level
activities, donations, financial support, and activities coming from local and international
NGOs were also present.

Economic VC
Economic vulnerabilities and capacities pertain to the status of livelihoods and financial
resources of the community. Specifically, this section will describe the general land
productivity, sources of income, local and national economic systems, and poverty
incidence.
The community relies on agriculture as their primary source of livelihood. The main crops
produced in the barangay are banana, abaca, rubber, root crops, coconut, vegetables, and
rice. They also raise livestocks and poultry such as horses, cows, goats, chickens, and
carabaos. Most of these animals are donated by different organizations, primarily to boost
their livelihood. Agricultural product processing which includes basket and bilao-making
serves as alternative income-generating activities of community members. However, the
people cannot sell these products due to COVID-19-related quarantine restrictions and
lockdowns.
There have been a number of livelihood training and programs conducted in the barangay.
Sewing training was one of the trainings held for the community members. Financial
assistance is also given to qualified residents. Around 600 families are members of the
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) of the DSWD. Other financial assistance is
given to around 130 senior citizens. During the pandemic, there are also an estimated 100
individuals which became part of the Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa Ating
Disadvantaged/Displaced Workers (TUPAD), a short livelihood program of the government
that employed those affected individuals due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
However, there are recognized problems in the livelihood of the community members. The
most prominent challenge to the agriculture sector is the prevalence of pest infestation in
different crops. Bugs and rodents are the most common pests which primarily affect rice,
and coconut trees. Other poor harvesting practices such as securing the banana blossom
late, results in a bad harvest. In addition, most of these agricultural sites are located in the
slope areas. According to the community, a landslide event would greatly affect their
livelihoods and their lives.
Other businesses exist in the barangay as sources of additional income for some residents.
There are sari-sari stores, Piso wifi vending machines, videoke, and billiard hubs. However,
these businesses produce unstable income according to the community. The piso wifi
machines, for example, are being loaned from individuals/groups outside the barangay
which gives the resident-owners smaller revenue. These services, however, are deemed
important by the community. They recognized stores as a source of food in case of an
emergency, while the Piso wifi is their primary source of internet connection.
Household-level Vulnerabilities And Capacities Profile

This section will present the household-level capacities and vulnerabilities of the
households-at-risk in Barangay Bacong. Indicators considered to determine household
vulnerability are household size, age, health-related considerations, income, housing tenure,
and access to basic utilities, while the indicators considered for household capacity are
physical assets, DRR capacity, and social assets.
It was identified that at least 91 households with at least 429 individuals in Brgy. Bacong,
Tulunan, Cotabato are at-risk of deep-seated landslides (Table 3). Among these HHRs, 56
are identified to have low vulnerability, 30 have moderate vulnerability, and five households
have high vulnerability. In terms of capacities, 48 are identified with low capacity, 32 have
moderate capacity, and 11 households have high capacity. Integrating the capacity and
vulnerability of each household resulted in eight households with low classification, 62 with
moderate classification, and 21 with high classification (Table 15).
Overall household-level VC suggests the level of those with high VC would more likely
struggle to recover from hazard disaster events compared to households with moderate and
low VC. The integrated vulnerability and capacity classification will be used in determining
the overall landslide risk classification of each household.
Table 15. Summary of vulnerability and capacity classification per household.
HH Vulnerability Capacity Overall vulnerability and

no. capacity classification
H1 low low moderate
H2 low high low
H3 low moderate moderate
H4 moderate moderate moderate
H7 low high low
H9 low low moderate
H10 low high low
H11 low low moderate

H21 moderate low high
H22 low low high

H41 high moderate high
H45 moderate high moderate
H48 high moderate high
H49 low high low
H54 moderate low moderate
H57 low high low
H62 low high low
H64 high low high
H66 low moderate high

H77 low moderate high
H78 low high low
H80 low high low
H84 high low high
H87 high low high
Analysis of VC Profile
Effects of landslide

The community identified the following as possible effects of landslide to their community:
● Injuries
● Death
● Trauma
● Panic
● Loss of habitat or displacement
● Displacement of animals
● Loss of income
● Loss of livelihoods
● Damage of infrastructures
● Disruption of transportation
● Destruction of topography and aesthetics (appearance) of their barangay
Unsafe Conditions
As Wisner et. al., (2003) stated, “unsafe conditions are the specific forms in which the
vulnerability of a population is expressed in time and space in conjunction with a hazard”.
Unsafe conditions are conditions of individuals, groups and communities that may aggravate
the effects of hazards in the community.
1. Households are located in the landslide hazard zone. There are 91

households located in the identified hazard zone. These households that
have a total population of 429 are built near the slope face that have been
identified as an unstable slope. In addition to this, a river traverses the
community. This river has been a major source of flood in the community.
2. Livelihoods are also situated in the hazard area. Agricultural crops such
as coconut, banana, and rubber are situated within the hazard area. The
barangay is naturally mountainous which leaves residents with little to no
choice but to have their productive plants in the slopes. Other productive
assets such as sari-sari stores and piso wifi are also exposed.
3. Households at risk are within the poor to low-income bracket.
4. According to the BLGU, houses are substandard and have poor

foundations. Most houses are also made of light materials.
5. Critical infrastructures have structural damages. These were caused by

the previous earthquake event. These cracks are still existing and the said
infrastructure has not been restored. These weaken the structures and make
them more vulnerable.
6. There is also a lack of knowledge and awareness on landslides. This is

one of the reasons why they are not prepared enough to respond to
landslides.
7. There are no safe areas for relocation within the community. Other areas
are also exposed to hazards like flooding, or to other possibly unstable
slopes.

8. Possible road networks are not optimized. There is only one exit and entry
route in the barangay. If this is affected, they can be stranded and
transportation along with transfer of goods and services (e.g., rescue,
education, health) will also be disrupted.
Underlying causes
Structures and systems that push communities to unsafe conditions, thus making them more
vulnerable to disasters, are the underlying causes. Underlying causes can be further
categorized into dynamic pressures and root causes (Wisner et al., 2003). The community
identified the following as underlying causes of their unsafe conditions:
1. The barangay has a limited budget for developing other possible exit/entry routes.
For big projects, they are still dependent on the budget from the national government.
2. Human activities such as pag-uuling and deforestation cause slope instability.
3. Limited alternative livelihoods. Livelihoods are not diverse enough. Most economic
activities are tied to agriculture.
4. Relocation is not an option because they do not want to leave their

community. They have a strong attachment to their ancestral land or “yutang
kabilin”. According to the participants, they were born and will be buried in Bacong.
5. The community is also tied to agricultural activities within the barangay. They do
not want to leave their agricultural lands behind since this would result in them losing
their livelihoods.
6. Livelihoods are vulnerable not just to landslide hazards but also to agricultural
pests. They do not have the means to buy enough pesticides.
7. Other agricultural problems like poor soil and seedling quality cause lower crop
yields and add to the economic vulnerability they face.
Coping and adaptive capacity
Risk reduction measures are strategies that may be composed of capacities used to
avoid or cope with specific risks that are experienced (Cordero et al., 2019). Capacities may
be in the form of simple day-to-day activities of individuals or households to operations aided
by technologies.
Capacities may be identified as coping capacity or adaptive capacity. Coping

capacity denotes the ability of individuals or communities to use their knowledge, skills, and
resources to manage adverse conditions of risk or disasters. In comparison to the coping
capacity which primarily focuses on the abilities to react to a particular impact, adaptive
capacity emphasizes the ability of systems to address hazards and take measures and
policy changes to adapt and produce an ability to cope (Cordero et al., 2019).

Risk reduction strategies
To address underlying causes, there should be structural changes in the community.
However, the local capacities can still be utilized to address vulnerabilities. The following are
the existing capacities that may help address their underlying causes:
Thematic areas Risk reduction strategies
Prevention mitigation ● The community plants trees in slopes as a mitigating

measure against landslides
Preparedness ● Conducting DRRM trainings

● The youth sector is active in participating in various
community activities. Some also participate in DRR
related trainings.
● Participants expressed that they should and are
willing to echo their learnings from the trainings to
other members of the community, especially to those
who are in the hazard area.
Response ● DRRM trainings on preparedness

● Push for a safe evacuation center
Recovery and rehabilitation ● Diversify livelihoods
Cross cutting strategies ● Bayanihan efforts, volunteerism can be utilized in

encouraging participation in all thematic areas of
DRR.
● Both men and women participate in agricultural
production. They do it in a partner system.
● Some men, particularly from the youth sector, think
that males in general are more capable physically,
and females are more emotional and fit for nurturing
roles during disasters.
Summary Synthesis of Landslide VC

Though the community recognizes that they are highly vulnerable, they also believe that
their existing social capacities can reduce the risk of landslides. The participants rate their
overall vulnerability as _____. Women, children 0-5 years old, persons with disability, and
senior citizens are identified to be the most vulnerable in the community. Looking at the
household-level vulnerabilities, data suggest that the exposed households range from low to
high VC.
Landslide risk
Integration of hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity classifications yield the landslide
risk classification. The landslide risk classification indicates the degree of potential loss of
life, injury, or damage to an EaR in the occurrence of a landslide. The daytime and nighttime
classifications show how risk varies depending on the number of people present in a
structure or space. Also note that the landslide risk classification is relative to the EaR
present in the site. Landslide risk classification for one site may not be directly
relatedcompared to another site, unless the same indicators and weights were used in rating
the risk components.
Currently, only household-level vulnerabilities and capacities (VC) are incorporated in the
risk classification. Further studies still have to be done to incorporate VC of non-human EaR.
Among the households-at-risk, 83 have high landslide risk classification, and eight have
moderate risk (Table 14, Fig. 11, and Appendix D). All households have the same daytime
and nighttime landslide risk classification. High landslide risk classification indicates that
these households will feel the greatest impact or consequence of deep-seated landslide
occurrence compared to the other households.
Table 14. Household-level risk classification in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato based on hazard,
exposure, vulnerability, and capacity assessments.
Label in Deep-
seated Head of Household/ Risk
Description
Landslide Risk Property Owner Classification*
Map
H1 house Jayson Laman high
H2 house Ariel Edian moderate
H3 house Lita Ocom high
H4 house Rogelio Gante high
H5 house Ronnie Malinoy high
H6 house Rolando Gante high
H7 house Leopoldo Pandacan moderate

H8 house Jerry Atao high
H9 house Armando Aguadilla high
H10 house Vegel Laman moderate
H11 house Ronnie Ogit high
H12 house Antonio Peles high
H13 house Benjie Peles high
H14 house Fernando Bayaan high
H15 house Ar-ar Panday high
H16 house Morales Laman high
H17 house Conrado Laman high
H18 house Gulili Panday high
H19 house Lino Bulahing high
H20 house Roger Panday high
H21 house Dannyboy Aguadillo high
H22 house Delia Bulahing high
H23 house Alfredo Panday high
H24 house Junerey Panday high
H25 house Arnold Panday high
H26 house Tony Pandacan high
H27 house Roger Tamba high
H28 house Arsenio Lias high
H29 house Gerry Gulanday high
H30 house Ariel Geronca high
H31 house Mandy Laman high
H32 house Carlito Kumbi high
H33 house Jefferson Acac high

H34 house Arthur Panday high
H35 house Roxane Montesano high
H36 house Gaudencio Ogit high
H37 house Daniel Edian high
H38 house Luciano Esnim high
H39 house Conrado Edian high
H40 house Joey Panday high
H41 house Robert Ogit high
H42 house Eldefonsa Peles high
H43 house Felipe Dalinan high
H44 house Turing Peles high
H45 house Osmena Acac high
H46 house Ariel Pedro high
H47 house Lito Gamao high
H48 house Edong Lama Sr. high
H49 house Ivan Vicente moderate
H50 house Raul Laman high
H51 house Causing Laman high
H52 house Dodong Laman high
H53 house Lindo Calibay moderate
H54 house Reymart Malude high
H55 house Joseph Malugka high
H56 house Jovany Armando high
H57 house Rufino Acac Sr. moderate
H58 house Jimmy Malit high
H59 house Charlie Pedro high

H60 house Tano Guinang high
H61 house Jidu Gulanday high
H62 house Victor Acac moderate
H63 house Evan Roy Zaragoza high
H64 house Romeo Esnim high
H65 house Jeffrey Esnim high
H66 house Benjie Malagon high
H67 house Benjamen Malagon Sr. high
H68 house Gregorio Itom high
H69 house Robert Malagon high
H70 house Valdez Launan high
H71 house Romeo Fabello Jr. high
H72 house Wincislao Laman high
H73 house Ronald Malit high
H74 house Edmond Gamao high
H75 house Jeffrey Gamao high
H76 house Samuel Laman high
H77 house Moten Malagon high
H78 house Ferwel Salip moderate
H79 house Berting Buan high
H80 house Nardo Sambong moderate
H81 house Diway Dalinan high
H82 house Lolita Malagon high
H83 house Danilo Dalinan Sr. high
H84 house Pepe Malit high
H85 house Rogelio Dalinan high

H86 house Nerry Acac high
H87 house Carlos Akna high
H88 house Villamen Akna moderate
H89 house Agusting Saling high
H90 house Matilde Armando high
H91 house Ranel Panday high

Figure 11. Landslide risk map of the Dynaslope site in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato. Orange-
and red-shaded regions indicate moderate and high levels of landslide risk classification, respectively.
Transparent elements-at-risk are not yet classified because of incomplete risk data.
Risk perception
How communities and individuals react to hazards and risks can be influenced by how they
perceive their risks. The individual or the community’s risk perceptions may be influenced by
psychological, social, cultural, and institutional factors. These factors may refer to the
feelings associated with previously experienced hazards, personal disaster experience,
confidence in different risk reduction measures, involvement in cleaning up after a disaster,
trust in authorities and experts, cultural beliefs, social norms, world views, and such.
Brgy. Bacong is one of the expansion sites for the deployment of EWS-L in 2021. Before the
Project proceeded with its usual implementation and operationalization of CBEWS-L, a
baselining activity was done to examine and identify the perceived risks of the community.
The data on the community’s perception is essential in understanding the dynamic nature of
landslide risk. This can be further used as a basis for approaches on how to build landslide
risk knowledge and awareness of the communities in Dynaslope Project sites.

The community members of Brgy. Bacong have different views about the risks present in the
barangay. Representatives from adult men and some of the barangay officials described the
word risk as danger, fear and catastrophic. They mentioned terms in their languages related
to bad events or danger such as taseh (B’laan), sidak (T’boli) and kalneko (B’laan). Adult
women associate risk to natural and man-made calamities. For senior citizens, they define
risk as the possibility of danger to happen. Fear also comes in when they experience heavy
rains which may trigger landslides.
Risk factors
The stakeholder groups have identified various natural hazard events in the barangay.
Flooding, drought, earthquake, and landslide came across their minds when possible threats
in the physical environment are talked about. The health risks posed by the coronavirus
disease or COVID-19 still makes the community worried even though no local transmission
was recorded. In addition, biohazard like pest infestation is also an issue most especially for
an agriculture-dependent barangay. The long history of armed conflict and encounters in the
area were also considered as socio-political risks to the community.
The community believe that almost all the sitios in the barangay are prone to natural hazards
because they are surrounded by mountain slopes and channels. They also recognize that
other nearby slopes may collapse, or may cause landslides anytime because the site is
situated on mountainous terrain. To date, there are no catastrophic landslide events
mentioned, but the community experienced rock falls a few years ago caused by intense
rainfall. The 2019 Cotabato earthquake sequence is still in recent memory of the community.
They perceive that a big earthquake event the same as that could be a possible trigger of a
landslide.
Personal and context factors
The plentiful history, culture, and experiences of Brgy. Bacong influences the overall
community’s risk perception. Different groups have different perceptions on the most
probable risk in the barangay. These are considered by looking at different personal and
context factors such as gender, age, socio-economic and cultural circumstances, location or
place of residence, etc.
In terms of gender, most of the women feel they are more at risk to COVID-19 because it
affects their daily lives, from livelihood to health. Some expressed their worry of being
separated from their family and isolated because of the health risk. Despite seeing COVID-
19 as one of their highest risks, there also seems to be a high reluctance to take vaccines.
They are afraid of the side effects since they also have comorbidities. Additionally, some
narrated that they had a hard time supervising their children’s education due to distance
learning imposed by this pandemic. They think that natural hazards like earthquakes and
landslides may cause heavier burdens on women since their livelihoods were affected.
In terms of age, the youth perceive the possible effects of landslides but seem to be more
confident that they can survive from the hazard. As observed, this conviction came from their
experiences of several rockfalls and shallow landslides not long ago. Proximity to the

landslide source also shows the perception of people regarding the risk. Some residents
near the foot of the slope tend to think that landslides have a larger impact on them
compared to other hazards. Apparently, most of the people also perceived that the safest
place in the community is the school, while most of the areas in the barangay are unsafe
because of its topography.
The community’s narratives about their experiences of casualties brought by flash flood and
armed encounters also surfaced in group discussions. With regards to beliefs and world
views, some residents cope through leaning on God. They said, “nagsalig mi na
giprotektahan mi sa ginoo”. It means they believe that there is a God that will protect them
from harm. Culturally, the community also has a strong attachment to their ancestral lands.
Some narrated that they do not want to relocate even though there is a landslide risk. A
community member said, “dito kami pinanganak, dito rin kami mamatay”.
The community also identified the effects of their perceived risks in the barangay. Most of
them are related to the economic challenges they will face when the event happens. These
are loss of livelihoods caused by possible damage in agricultural lands, and low harvest
because of pests infestation. Destruction of houses, productive assets, and infrastructure is
also a major problem faced by the community in connection to these probable risks.
Informational factors
Brgy. Bacong is an IP community. All the areas covered by the risks present in the barangay
are also part of their ancestral lands. As respect to their deities, there is a need to conduct a
B’laan ritual to appease the spirits before proceeding with activities in the site. Despite these
pre-conditions, the community is still receptive to the idea of an early warning system to be
established in their barangay. The community members have some level of trust in
PHIVOLCS-Dynaslope because they can see how they will benefit from the technology, as
well as how it will capacitate the people of Bacong.
Recommendations
In order to reduce and manage landslide risk, the stakeholders should explore initiatives or
strategies that can reduce the landslide hazard, exposure, and vulnerabilities and improve
the capacities of the community. Some of the initiatives that should be considered are
prevention, mitigation or reduction of impact, and preparedness. Activities that could also
help exposed individuals anticipate, respond to, and recover from the effects of the
landslides should be part of landslide risk reduction plans.
With the start of the EWS here are the recommendations:
Elements of early Recommendations

warning system

Landslide risk
knowledge Regular updating and validation of landslide risk data and information:
● Conduct landslide risk data validation and updating activities

● document changes in risk data and information
Landslide monitoring,
analysis, and early Observe, monitor, and document changes and developments on ground
warning conditions in the landslide site and nearby slopes. Changes that must be
observed include:
● Widening and lengthening of the existing cracks and scarps;

● forming of new cracks within and outside the boundaries of the
landslide mass;
● tilting of building posts, jamming of windows and doors, cracking
of building walls and floors, and other damage in concrete
structures located near the foot and on the slope;
● bulging of the ground;
● unusual ponding and seepage; and
● change in the turbidity of water flowing along channels in the site,
i.e., water becomes cloudy or muddy than usual.
Dissemination and Disseminate landslide risk information to the community through:

communication
● conducting an information dissemination drive;
● producing information, education, and communication (IEC)
materials and signages; and
● forwarding a copy of the documentations of site observations to
the proper authorities such as the Municipal Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Office.
Response capability
Local government units and stakeholders should be prepared for
possible landslide or ground movement during and immediately after
heavy or prolonged rainfall, immediately after an earthquake, and if
changes and developments on ground conditions are observed. This can
be done through:
● Updating current DRR and contingency plans;

● utilizing the skills and abilities of different organizations in the
barangay in activities relating to DRR;
● considering landslide risk ratings and information in community
plans and barangay policies;
● updating evacuation plans for the households at risk should be
established and evacuation drills should be conducted; and
● updating zoning policies. Building of structures on and near the
landslide site is discouraged.

References
Cordero, C., Tabanao, A., Gesmundo, K. (2019). Dynaslope Landslide Risk Framework.
Internal document.
Corpuz, E. S. (1992). Petrology and geochemistry of the central Mindanao volcanic arc,
southern Philippines. PhD Thesis, University of Canterbury.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/8846
Department of Science and Technology - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and

Seismology (2019). Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in the Philippines. From
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earthquake-generators-of-the-
philippines
Lewis, R. (1988). Mt Apo and other national parks in the Philippines. Oryx, 22(2), 100-
109. doi:10.1017/S0030605300027575
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. (2014).

Climate Map of the Philippines (1951-2010). From
https://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/climate-philippines
Philippine Statistics Authority (2016). Philippine Administrative Boundaries.
Tamesis, E. V. (1981). Hydrocarbon potential of Philippine basins. In M. J. Valencia (Ed.),

The South China Sea: Hydrocarbon Potential and Possibilities of Joint Development (pp.
1181-1206). doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-028692-1.50014-7
Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., & Davis, I. (2003). At Risk : natural hazards , people’s
vulnerability and disasters. Framework, 134. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203428764

Appendices
Appendix A. Dynaslope Project activities conducted in Brgy.
Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato
Date Activity Purpose
February 18, 2020 Reconnaissance Look for potential deployment site of the EWS-
survey L; map landslide features and identify
exposure; generate orthophoto and digital
terrain model (DTM) of the site through
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) survey
July 12-13, 2021 Community entry Conduct series of meetings with stakeholders
and stakeholders’ to (1) introduce the Dynaslope Project and its
orientation services, (2) discuss and address concerns
related to EWS-L, and (3) establish rapport
with and solicit consent from partner
communities and LGUs
September 20, 2021 Risk perception Gather risk perception baseline data and
assessment preparatory data for community landslide risk
assessment
September 21-22, Landslide hazard Update data on history and activity and
2021 survey landslide features; generate orthophoto and
DTM of the site through UAV survey
September 28-30, Training on Introduce concepts of landslide risk, landslide

2021 people-centered monitoring, and EWS-L to local stakeholders;
EWS-L form a core group for CBEWS-L
October 12-19, Community Assess landslide hazard, exposure,

2021 landslide risk vulnerabilities, and capacities of communities
assessment at risk
Landslide hazard Update data on landslide features; install

survey surficial markers and identify borehole
locations for the subsurface landslide sensors
November 7-14, Training on Build capacities of local stakeholders on

2021 people-centered landslide monitoring, effective warning
EWS-L communication, and response during alert
scenarios; form a community-based

organization for CBEWS-L; develop a multi-
stakeholder action plan

Appendix B. Landslide monitoring instruments in Brgy. Bacong,
Tulunan, Cotabato
Data
Instrument Name Description Details Status
Frequency
Subsurface BCN_A Measure Data sent Depth: 11 m; Active

landslide subsurface automatically Location:
sensors (tilt tilt and every 30 6°48'38.97"N
and soil displacement minutes from ,
moisture and datalogger to 125°1'6.02"E
sensors) volumetric PHIVOLCS
BCN_B water Depth: 30 m; Active
content of Location:
the soil 6°48'38.8"N,
125°1'5.14"E
Surficial A, B, and C Measure LEWC takes Location: Active

markers surficial measuremen
ground ts using tape A:
displacement measures/st 6°48'39.04"N
through steel eel tape at ,
markers least once a 125°1'6.52"E
week (dry
season) or at B:
least twice a 6°48'39.88"N
week (wet ,
season), and 125°1'7.35"E
sends data
to C:
PHIVOLCS 6°48'40.01"N
, 125°1'3.7"E

Appendix C. Vulnerability and capacity data of households in
Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato
Table B1. Disaggregated households (HH) at risk data in Brgy. Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato.
Household size refers to the number of household members. Age column counts the number of HH
members belonging to the indicated age group. Health column counts the number of HH members
who belong to pregnant and lactating women (PLW), people with disabilities (PWD), and sickly or
those with chronic illness. Raw data presented here are data from the initially identified HHRs.
Age Health
HH Household
HH head
number Size
60
0-5 6-12 13-17 18-59 PLW PWD Sickly
above
H1 Jayson Laman 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H2 Ariel Edian 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H3 Lita Ocom 5 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0
H4 Rogelio Gante 7 2 3 0 2 0 0 0 0
H5 Ronnie Malinoy 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0
H6 Rolando Gante 7 2 3 0 2 0 1 0 1
H7 Leopoldo Pandacan 7 0 1 3 3 0 0 0 0
H8 Jerry Atao 6 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0
H9 Armando Aguadilla 4 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0
H10 Vegel Laman 4 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 2
H11 Ronnie Ogit 3 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
H12 Antonio Peles 6 2 0 1 3 0 0 1 1
H13 Benjie Peles 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H14 Fernando Bayaan 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H15 Ar-ar Panday 4 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H16 Morales Laman 7 0 1 1 5 0 0 0 0
H17 Conrado Laman 8 0 1 0 7 0 0 0 0
H18 Gulili Panday 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 1
H19 Lino Bulahing 4 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H20 Roger Panday 4 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0
H21 Dannyboy Aguadillo 5 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0
H22 Delia Bulahing 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
H23 Alfredo Panday 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 1
H24 Junerey Panday 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0

H25 Arnold Panday 6 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0
H26 Tony Pandacan 3 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0
H27 Roger Tamba 4 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0
H28 Arsenio Lias 5 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0
H29 Gerry Gulanday 3 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1
H30 Ariel Geronca 4 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 1
H31 Mandy Laman 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
H32 Carlito Kumbi 4 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0
H33 Jefferson Acac 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H34 Arthur Panday 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0
H35 Roxane Montesano 5 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0
H36 Gaudencio Ogit 3 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
H37 Daniel Edian 5 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0
H38 Luciano Esnim 5 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0
H39 Conrado Edian 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H40 Joey Panday 4 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H41 Robert Ogit 9 1 2 2 4 0 1 0 1
H42 Eldefonsa Peles 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
H43 Felipe Dalinan 3 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
H44 Turing Peles 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
H45 Osmena Acac 13 2 2 1 8 0 0 0 0
H46 Ariel Pedro 3 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
H47 Lito Gamao 7 1 3 1 2 0 0 0 0
H48 Edong Lama Sr. 7 1 2 2 2 0 1 0 1
H49 Ivan Vicente 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H50 Raul Laman 5 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 0
H51 Causing Laman 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 2
H52 Dodong Laman 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1
H53 Lindo Calibay 7 0 1 4 2 0 0 0 0
H54 Reymart Malude 4 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
H55 Joseph Malugka 5 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 0
H56 Jovany Armando 3 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0
H57 Rufino Acac Sr. 4 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0
H58 Jimmy Malit 5 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 0
H59 Charlie Pedro 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H60 Tano Guinang 8 1 2 0 5 0 0 0 0

H61 Jidu Gulanday 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H62 Victor Acac 3 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0
H63 Evan Roy Zaragoza 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H64 Romeo Esnim 4 1 0 0 3 2 0 1 2
H65 Jeffrey Esnim 7 1 4 0 2 0 0 0 0
H66 Benjie Malagon 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
Benjamen Malagon
H67 Sr. 3 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0
H68 Gregorio Itom 8 1 1 2 4 0 0 0 0
H69 Robert Malagon 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H70 Valdez Launan 3 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 1
H71 Romeo Fabello Jr. 6 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0
H72 Wincislao Laman 6 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0
H73 Ronald Malit 4 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0
H74 Edmond Gamao 3 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0
H75 Jeffrey Gamao 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
H76 Samuel Laman 6 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0
H77 Moten Malagon 4 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0
H78 Ferwel Salip 4 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0
H79 Berting Buan 4 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0
H80 Nardo Sambong 5 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0
H81 Diway Dalinan 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
H82 Lolita Malagon 3 1 2 1 0 0 1
H83 Danilo Dalinan Sr. 8 1 1 1 5 0 0 0 1
H84 Pepe Malit 8 1 1 1 5 1 1 0 1
H85 Rogelio Dalinan 12 1 3 2 6 0 0 0 0
H86 Nerry Acac 6 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0
H87 Carlos Akna 8 1 1 1 5 1 1 0 1
H88 Villamen Akna 7 1 2 1 3 0 0 0 1
H89 Agusting Saling 4 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 1
H90 Matilde Armando 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
H91 Ranel Panday 5 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
Table B2. Income type, housing type, and housing tenure of the households at risk in Brgy. Bacong,
Tulunan, Cotabato. Income type is classified based on household income bracket. Housing type is
classified as light, semi-concrete, or concrete. Housing tenure is classified as owned or rented. Raw
data presented here are data from the initially identified HHRs.

HH Housing
HH head Income type Housing
number material
H1 Jayson Laman daily concrete owned house and lot

H2 Ariel Edian monthly light owned house and lot
H3 Lita Ocom daily light owned house and lot
H4 Rogelio Gante daily semi owned house and lot
H5 Ronnie Malinoy monthly light owned house and lot
H6 Rolando Gante monthly semi owned house and lot
H7 Leopoldo Pandacan monthly semi owned house and lot
H8 Jerry Atao daily semi owned house and lot
H9 Armando Aguadilla monthly concrete owned house and lot
H10 Vegel Laman monthly concrete owned house and lot
H11 Ronnie Ogit monthly semi owned house and lot
H12 Antonio Peles monthly light owned house and lot
H13 Benjie Peles monthly light owned house and lot
H14 Fernando Bayaan daily light owned house and lot
H15 Ar-ar Panday daily light owned house and lot
H16 Morales Laman monthly light owned house and lot
H17 Conrado Laman daily light owned house and lot
H18 Gulili Panday monthly light owned house and lot
H19 Lino Bulahing monthly light owned house and lot
H20 Roger Panday monthly light owned house and lot
H21 Dannyboy Aguadillo monthly light owned house and lot
H22 Delia Bulahing semester light owned house and lot
H23 Alfredo Panday daily light owned house and lot
H24 Junerey Panday monthly light owned house and lot
H25 Arnold Panday monthly light owned house and lot
H26 Tony Pandacan monthly semi owned house and lot
H27 Roger Tamba weekly light owned house and lot
H28 Arsenio Lias daily semi owned house and lot
H29 Gerry Gulanday monthly semi owned house and lot
H30 Ariel Geronca weekly semi owned house and lot
H31 Mandy Laman semester light owned house and lot
H32 Carlito Kumbi monthly concrete owned house and lot
H33 Jefferson Acac daily semi owned house and lot
H34 Arthur Panday daily semi owned house and lot

H35 Roxane Montesano weekly light owned house and lot
H36 Gaudencio Ogit weekly concrete owned house and lot
H37 Daniel Edian monthly concrete owned house and lot
H38 Luciano Esnim monthly light owned house and lot
H39 Conrado Edian monthly concrete owned house and lot
H40 Joey Panday weekly light owned house and lot
H41 Robert Ogit monthly semi owned house and lot
H42 Eldefonsa Peles daily semi owned house and lot
H43 Felipe Dalinan daily semi owned house and lot
H44 Turing Peles monthly light owned house and lot
H45 Osmena Acac monthly semi owned house and lot
H46 Ariel Pedro monthly semi owned house and lot
H47 Lito Gamao weekly semi owned house and lot
H48 Edong Lama Sr. monthly light owned house and lot
H49 Ivan Vicente monthly semi owned house and lot
H50 Raul Laman monthly light owned house and lot
H51 Causing Laman semester light owned house and lot
H52 Dodong Laman semester light owned house and lot
H53 Lindo Calibay monthly light owned house and lot
H54 Reymart Malude monthly light owned house and lot
H55 Joseph Malugka monthly light owned house and lot
H56 Jovany Armando monthly light owned house and lot
H57 Rufino Acac Sr. monthly concrete owned house and lot
H58 Jimmy Malit monthly semi owned house and lot
H59 Charlie Pedro monthly light owned house and lot
H60 Tano Guinang monthly concrete owned house and lot
H61 Jidu Gulanday monthly light owned house and lot
H62 Victor Acac monthly concrete owned house and lot
H63 Evan Roy Zaragoza monthly light owned house and lot
H64 Romeo Esnim semester light owned house and lot
H65 Jeffrey Esnim monthly light owned house and lot
H66 Benjie Malagon monthly light owned house and lot
H67 Benjamen Malagon Sr. monthly light owned house and lot
H68 Gregorio Itom monthly concrete owned house and lot
H69 Robert Malagon monthly semi owned house and lot
H70 Valdez Launan monthly semi owned house and lot
H71 Romeo Fabello Jr. monthly semi owned house and lot

H72 Wincislao Laman monthly concrete owned house and lot
H73 Ronald Malit monthly semi owned house and lot
H74 Edmond Gamao monthly semi owned house and lot
H75 Jeffrey Gamao monthly light owned house and lot
H76 Samuel Laman monthly light owned house and lot
H77 Moten Malagon monthly light owned house and lot
H78 Ferwel Salip daily light owned house and lot
H79 Berting Buan monthly light owned house and lot
H80 Nardo Sambong monthly light owned house and lot
H81 Diway Dalinan semester light owned house and lot
H82 Lolita Malagon semester light owned house and lot
H83 Danilo Dalinan Sr. monthly light owned house and lot
H84 Pepe Malit monthly light owned house and lot
H85 Rogelio Dalinan monthly light owned house and lot
H86 Nerry Acac monthly semi owned house and lot
H87 Carlos Akna monthly light owned house and lot
H88 Villamen Akna monthly light owned house and lot
H89 Agusting Saling monthly light owned house and lot
H90 Matilde Armando semester light owned house and lot
H91 Ranel Panday weekly semi-concrete owned house and lot
Table B3. Access to utilities of the households at risk in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato. Access to
utilities is categorized as follows: access to water, electricity, and toilet facility. Toilet facilities are
categorized as sanitary and unsanitary. Raw data presented here are data from the initially identified
HHRs.
HH has access has access to has access to

HH head
number to water electricity toilet facility
H1 Jayson Laman Yes Yes sanitary

H2 Ariel Edian Yes Yes no access
H3 Lita Ocom Yes Yes unsanitary
H4 Rogelio Gante Yes Yes unsanitary
H5 Ronnie Malinoy Yes Yes no access
H6 Rolando Gante Yes Yes no access
H7 Leopoldo Pandacan Yes Yes sanitary
H8 Jerry Atao Yes Yes no access

H9 Armando Aguadilla Yes Yes no access
H10 Vegel Laman Yes Yes sanitary
H11 Ronnie Ogit Yes Yes no access
H12 Antonio Peles Yes Yes no access
H13 Benjie Peles Yes Yes no access
H14 Fernando Bayaan Yes Yes no access
H15 Ar-ar Panday Yes Yes no access
H16 Morales Laman Yes Yes no access
H17 Conrado Laman Yes Yes no access
H18 Gulili Panday Yes Yes unsanitary
H19 Lino Bulahing Yes Yes sanitary
H20 Roger Panday Yes Yes unsanitary
H21 Dannyboy Aguadillo Yes Yes sanitary
H22 Delia Bulahing Yes Yes no access
H23 Alfredo Panday Yes Yes sanitary
H24 Junerey Panday Yes Yes no access
H25 Arnold Panday Yes Yes no access
H26 Tony Pandacan Yes Yes no access
H27 Roger Tamba Yes Yes no access
H28 Arsenio Lias Yes Yes sanitary
H29 Gerry Gulanday Yes Yes sanitary
H30 Ariel Geronca Yes Yes sanitary
H31 Mandy Laman Yes Yes sanitary
H32 Carlito Kumbi Yes Yes sanitary
H33 Jefferson Acac Yes Yes sanitary
H34 Arthur Panday Yes Yes sanitary
H35 Roxane Montesano Yes Yes no access
H36 Gaudencio Ogit Yes Yes sanitary
H37 Daniel Edian Yes Yes sanitary
H38 Luciano Esnim Yes Yes unsanitary
H39 Conrado Edian Yes Yes no access
H40 Joey Panday Yes Yes no access
H41 Robert Ogit Yes Yes sanitary
H42 Eldefonsa Peles Yes Yes sanitary
H43 Felipe Dalinan Yes Yes sanitary
H44 Turing Peles Yes Yes sanitary
H45 Osmena Acac Yes Yes unsanitary

H46 Ariel Pedro Yes Yes no access
H47 Lito Gamao Yes Yes sanitary
H48 Edong Lama Sr. Yes Yes no access
H49 Ivan Vicente Yes Yes sanitary
H50 Raul Laman Yes Yes no access
H51 Causing Laman Yes Yes no access
H52 Dodong Laman Yes Yes no access
H53 Lindo Calibay Yes Yes unsanitary
H54 Reymart Malude Yes Yes no access
H55 Joseph Malugka Yes Yes no access
H56 Jovany Armando Yes Yes no access
H57 Rufino Acac Sr. Yes Yes sanitary
H58 Jimmy Malit Yes Yes unsanitary
H59 Charlie Pedro Yes Yes no access
H60 Tano Guinang Yes Yes sanitary
H61 Jidu Gulanday Yes Yes no access
H62 Victor Acac Yes Yes sanitary
H63 Evan Roy Zaragoza Yes Yes no access
H64 Romeo Esnim Yes Yes sanitary
H65 Jeffrey Esnim Yes Yes no access
H66 Benjie Malagon Yes Yes no access
H67 Benjamen Malagon Sr. Yes Yes sanitary
H68 Gregorio Itom Yes Yes sanitary
H69 Robert Malagon Yes Yes sanitary
H70 Valdez Launan Yes Yes no access
H71 Romeo Fabello Jr. Yes Yes sanitary
H72 Wincislao Laman Yes Yes unsanitary
H73 Ronald Malit Yes Yes sanitary
H74 Edmond Gamao Yes Yes no access
H75 Jeffrey Gamao Yes Yes no access
H76 Samuel Laman Yes Yes sanitary
H77 Moten Malagon Yes Yes unsanitary
H78 Ferwel Salip Yes Yes sanitary
H79 Berting Buan Yes Yes unsanitary
H80 Nardo Sambong Yes Yes sanitary
H81 Diway Dalinan Yes Yes no access
H82 Lolita Malagon Yes Yes unsanitary

H83 Danilo Dalinan Sr. Yes Yes unsanitary
H84 Pepe Malit Yes Yes unsanitary
H85 Rogelio Dalinan Yes Yes no access
H86 Nerry Acac Yes Yes sanitary
H87 Carlos Akna Yes Yes unsanitary
H88 Villamen Akna Yes Yes unsanitary
H89 Agusting Saling Yes Yes unsanitary
H90 Matilde Armando Yes Yes no access
H91 Ranel Panday Yes Yes sanitary
Table B4. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) capacity of households at risk in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan,
Cotabato. Identified DRR capacity are: at least 1 member has DRR-related training and the household
has an emergency kit. Raw data presented here are data from the initially identified HHRs.
HH has DRR has

HH head
number training emergency kit
H1 Jayson Laman No Yes

H2 Ariel Edian Yes Yes
H3 Lita Ocom No Yes
H4 Rogelio Gante No Yes
H5 Ronnie Malinoy Yes Yes
H6 Rolando Gante No Yes
H7 Leopoldo Pandacan Yes Yes
H8 Jerry Atao No Yes
H9 Armando Aguadilla No Yes
H10 Vegel Laman Yes Yes
H11 Ronnie Ogit No Yes
H12 Antonio Peles Yes Yes
H13 Benjie Peles Yes Yes
H14 Fernando Bayaan No Yes
H15 Ar-ar Panday No Yes
H16 Morales Laman No Yes
H17 Conrado Laman No Yes
H18 Gulili Panday No Yes
H19 Lino Bulahing No Yes

H20 Roger Panday No Yes
H21 Dannyboy Aguadillo No Yes
H22 Delia Bulahing No Yes
H23 Alfredo Panday Yes Yes
H24 Junerey Panday No Yes
H25 Arnold Panday No Yes
H26 Tony Pandacan No Yes
H27 Roger Tamba No Yes
H28 Arsenio Lias No Yes
H29 Gerry Gulanday Yes Yes
H30 Ariel Geronca No Yes
H31 Mandy Laman No Yes
H32 Carlito Kumbi No Yes
H33 Jefferson Acac No Yes
H34 Arthur Panday No Yes
H35 Roxane Montesano No Yes
H36 Gaudencio Ogit Yes Yes
H37 Daniel Edian Yes Yes
H38 Luciano Esnim Yes Yes
H39 Conrado Edian Yes Yes
H40 Joey Panday No Yes
H41 Robert Ogit No Yes
H42 Eldefonsa Peles No Yes
H43 Felipe Dalinan No Yes
H44 Turing Peles No Yes
H45 Osmena Acac Yes Yes
H46 Ariel Pedro No Yes
H47 Lito Gamao Yes Yes
H48 Edong Lama Sr. Yes Yes
H49 Ivan Vicente Yes Yes
H50 Raul Laman No Yes
H51 Causing Laman No Yes
H52 Dodong Laman No Yes
H53 Lindo Calibay No Yes
H54 Reymart Malude No Yes
H55 Joseph Malugka Yes Yes

H56 Jovany Armando No Yes
H57 Rufino Acac Sr. Yes Yes
H58 Jimmy Malit Yes Yes
H59 Charlie Pedro No Yes
H60 Tano Guinang No Yes
H61 Jidu Gulanday No Yes
H62 Victor Acac Yes Yes
H63 Evan Roy Zaragoza No Yes
H64 Romeo Esnim No Yes
H65 Jeffrey Esnim No Yes
H66 Benjie Malagon Yes Yes
H67 Benjamen Malagon Sr. Yes Yes
H68 Gregorio Itom Yes Yes
H69 Robert Malagon No Yes
H70 Valdez Launan No Yes
H71 Romeo Fabello Jr. No Yes
H72 Wincislao Laman No Yes
H73 Ronald Malit No Yes
H74 Edmond Gamao No Yes
H75 Jeffrey Gamao No Yes
H76 Samuel Laman Yes Yes
H77 Moten Malagon Yes Yes
H78 Ferwel Salip Yes Yes
H79 Berting Buan No Yes
H80 Nardo Sambong Yes Yes
H81 Diway Dalinan No Yes
H82 Lolita Malagon No Yes
H83 Danilo Dalinan Sr. No Yes
H84 Pepe Malit No Yes
H85 Rogelio Dalinan No Yes
H86 Nerry Acac No Yes
H87 Carlos Akna No Yes
H88 Villamen Akna Yes Yes
H89 Agusting Saling No Yes
H90 Matilde Armando No Yes
H91 Ranel Panday No Yes

Table B5. Social and physical assets of households at risk in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan, Cotabato.
Social assets identified are PhilHealth and 4P’s membership. Physical assets identified are productive
assets, agricultural land, livestock, and vehicles. Raw data presented here are data from the initially
identified HHRs.
Social Assets Physical Assets

HH
HH head
no.
PhilHealth productive agricultural
4Ps livestock vehicle
insurance assets land
H1 Jayson Laman No No No Yes No Yes
H2 Ariel Edian Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
H3 Lita Ocom Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
H4 Rogelio Gante Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
H5 Ronnie Malinoy Yes No No Yes Yes Yes
H6 Rolando Gante Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
H7 Leopoldo Pandacan Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
H8 Jerry Atao Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
H9 Armando Aguadilla Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
H10 Vegel Laman Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
H11 Ronnie Ogit Yes No No Yes No No
H12 Antonio Peles Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
H13 Benjie Peles Yes No Yes Yes No Yes
H14 Fernando Bayaan No No No Yes Yes No
H15 Ar-ar Panday No No No Yes No No
H16 Morales Laman No No No Yes Yes Yes
H17 Conrado Laman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
H18 Gulili Panday Yes Yes No Yes No No
H19 Lino Bulahing Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
H20 Roger Panday Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
H21 Dannyboy Aguadillo Yes No No Yes No No
H22 Delia Bulahing Yes No No No No No
H23 Alfredo Panday Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
H24 Junerey Panday No No No Yes No No
H25 Arnold Panday Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
H26 Tony Pandacan No No No Yes No No
H27 Roger Tamba Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
H28 Arsenio Lias Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

H29 Gerry Gulanday Yes Yes No Yes No No
H30 Ariel Geronca No No Yes Yes No Yes
H31 Mandy Laman Yes No Yes Yes No No
H32 Carlito Kumbi Yes No No Yes No Yes
H33 Jefferson Acac Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
H34 Arthur Panday Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
H35 Roxane Montesano Yes No No Yes Yes No
H36 Gaudencio Ogit Yes No No Yes No Yes
H37 Daniel Edian No No No Yes Yes Yes
H38 Luciano Esnim Yes No No Yes Yes No
H39 Conrado Edian Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
H40 Joey Panday No No Yes Yes No Yes
H41 Robert Ogit Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
H42 Eldefonsa Peles Yes No Yes Yes No No
H43 Felipe Dalinan Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
H44 Turing Peles Yes Yes No Yes No No
H45 Osmena Acac Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
H46 Ariel Pedro Yes No No Yes No No
H47 Lito Gamao Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
H48 Edong Lama Sr. Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
H49 Ivan Vicente Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
H50 Raul Laman Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
H51 Causing Laman Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
H52 Dodong Laman No No No Yes No Yes
H53 Lindo Calibay Yes Yes No Yes No No
H54 Reymart Malude No No No Yes No Yes
H55 Joseph Malugka Yes Yes No Yes No No
H56 Jovany Armando No No No Yes No No
H57 Rufino Acac Sr. Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
H58 Jimmy Malit Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
H59 Charlie Pedro Yes No No Yes No Yes
H60 Tano Guinang Yes No No Yes Yes No
H61 Jidu Gulanday No No No Yes No No
H62 Victor Acac Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
H63 Evan Roy Zaragoza Yes No No Yes No Yes
H64 Romeo Esnim Yes Yes No Yes No No

H65 Jeffrey Esnim No No No Yes No No
H66 Benjie Malagon Yes No No Yes No Yes
Benjamen Malagon
Yes Yes No Yes No No
H67 Sr.
H68 Gregorio Itom Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
H69 Robert Malagon Yes Yes No Yes No No
H70 Valdez Launan Yes No No Yes No No
H71 Romeo Fabello Jr. Yes Yes No Yes No No
H72 Wincislao Laman Yes No Yes Yes No Yes
H73 Ronald Malit Yes No No Yes Yes Yes
H74 Edmond Gamao Yes No Yes Yes No Yes
H75 Jeffrey Gamao Yes No No Yes No No
H76 Samuel Laman Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
H77 Moten Malagon Yes Yes No Yes No No
H78 Ferwel Salip Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
H79 Berting Buan Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
H80 Nardo Sambong Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
H81 Diway Dalinan Yes No No Yes No No
H82 Lolita Malagon Yes Yes No Yes No No
H83 Danilo Dalinan Sr. Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
H84 Pepe Malit Yes Yes No Yes No No
H85 Rogelio Dalinan Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
H86 Nerry Acac Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
H87 Carlos Akna Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
H88 Villamen Akna Yes Yes No Yes No No
H89 Agusting Saling Yes Yes No Yes No No
H90 Matilde Armando Yes No No Yes No No
H91 Ranel Panday Yes No No Yes No Yes

Appendix D. Final integrated Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability,
and Capacity Data: Risk matrix based on the integration of
hazard and exposure, and vulnerability and capacity matrices.
Label in Deep-
Hazard x Vulnerability/
seated Head of household/ Risk
Exposure Capacity
Landslide Property owner Classification
Classification Classification
Exposure Map
H1 Jayson Laman high moderate high

H2 Ariel Edian high low moderate
H3 Lita Ocom high moderate high
H4 Rogelio Gante high moderate high
H5 Ronnie Malinoy high moderate high
H6 Rolando Gante high moderate high
H7 Leopoldo Pandacan high low moderate
H8 Jerry Atao high moderate high
H9 Armando Aguadilla high moderate high
H10 Vegel Laman high low moderate
H11 Ronnie Ogit high moderate high
H12 Antonio Peles high moderate high
H13 Benjie Peles high moderate high
H14 Fernando Bayaan high moderate high
H15 Ar-ar Panday high moderate high
H16 Morales Laman high moderate high
H17 Conrado Laman high moderate high
H18 Gulili Panday high moderate high
H19 Lino Bulahing high moderate high
H20 Roger Panday high moderate high
H21 Dannyboy Aguadillo high high high
H22 Delia Bulahing high high high
H23 Alfredo Panday high moderate high
H24 Junerey Panday high moderate high
H25 Arnold Panday high high high
H26 Tony Pandacan high moderate high
H27 Roger Tamba high moderate high
H28 Arsenio Lias high moderate high
H29 Gerry Gulanday high moderate high

H30 Ariel Geronca high high high
H31 Mandy Laman high high high
H32 Carlito Kumbi high moderate high
H33 Jefferson Acac high moderate high
H34 Arthur Panday high moderate high
H35 Roxane Montesano high high high
H36 Gaudencio Ogit high moderate high
H37 Daniel Edian high moderate high
H38 Luciano Esnim high moderate high
H39 Conrado Edian high moderate high
H40 Joey Panday high moderate high
H41 Robert Ogit high high high
H42 Eldefonsa Peles high moderate high
H43 Felipe Dalinan high moderate high
H44 Turing Peles high moderate high
H45 Osmena Acac high moderate high
H46 Ariel Pedro high moderate high
H47 Lito Gamao high moderate high
H48 Edong Lama Sr. high high high
H49 Ivan Vicente high low moderate
H50 Raul Laman high moderate high
H51 Causing Laman high high high
H52 Dodong Laman high high high
H53 Lindo Calibay moderate moderate moderate
H54 Reymart Malude high moderate high
H55 Joseph Malugka high moderate high
H56 Jovany Armando high moderate high
H57 Rufino Acac Sr. high low moderate
H58 Jimmy Malit high moderate high
H59 Charlie Pedro high moderate high
H60 Tano Guinang high moderate high
H61 Jidu Gulanday high moderate high
H62 Victor Acac high low moderate
H63 Evan Roy Zaragoza high moderate high
H64 Romeo Esnim high high high
H65 Jeffrey Esnim high high high

H66 Benjie Malagon high high high
Benjamen Malagon
H67 Sr. high moderate high
H68 Gregorio Itom high moderate high
H69 Robert Malagon high moderate high
H70 Valdez Launan high high high
H71 Romeo Fabello Jr. high high high
H72 Wincislao Laman high moderate high
H73 Ronald Malit high moderate high
H74 Edmond Gamao high moderate high
H75 Jeffrey Gamao high moderate high
H76 Samuel Laman high moderate high
H77 Moten Malagon high high high
H78 Ferwel Salip high low moderate
H79 Berting Buan high moderate high
H80 Nardo Sambong high low moderate
H81 Diway Dalinan high high high
H82 Lolita Malagon high high high
H83 Danilo Dalinan Sr. high moderate high
H84 Pepe Malit high high high
H85 Rogelio Dalinan high moderate high
H86 Nerry Acac high moderate high
H87 Carlos Akna moderate high high
H88 Villamen Akna high moderate high
H89 Agusting Saling high moderate high
H90 Matilde Armando high moderate high
H91 Ranel Panday high moderate high

Appendix E. Risk perception baselining community sketch map
Community sketch map drawn by different stakeholders groups consisted of barangay LGU, senior
citizens and youth, and landslide early warning committee (LEWC) in Brgy. Bacong, Tulunan,
Cotabato.

Appendix F. Community landslide risk assessment activity
Figure E1. CLRA Attendance sheet
No. Name Sex Age IP PWD PLW Office Position

1 Mardonio Edian M 24 ✓ DEPED Teacher I
2 Mary M. Ogit F 48 ✓ Bacong Brgy Kagawad
3 Danica M. Calano F 44 ✓ Bacong Brgy Kagawad
4 Irine Panday F 59 ✓ Bacong Brgy Kagawad
5 Thelma Gulanday F 42 ✓
6 Leopoldo Pandacan M 56 ✓ Bacong Brgy Kagawad
7 Mandy Laman F 60 ✓ ✓ Bacong
8 Richard Gomez M 27 Bacong Youth
9 Morales Laman M 64 ✓ Bacong Brgy IPMR
10 Paulo Edian M 21 ✓ Bacong Youth President

11 Tessie Laman F 38 ✓ Bacong
12 Betty P. Malit F 27 ✓ Upper
13 Pedring Salep M 54 ✓ Farmer Farmer
14 Eugene E. Bansag M 23 ✓ Bacong Student/ Youth
15 Jeraime Acac F 20 ✓ SK Treasurer
16 Rudy Bansag M 48 ✓ Farmer
BKADDS MAMA
17 Jenalyn Esnim F 26 ✓ member
18 Christine Peles F 27 ✓
19 Andrew Edian M 22 ✓ Youth
20 Jason Caran M 19 ✓ Youth
21 Anna Noe F 29 ✓
22 Neneng Eris F 32
23 Emalyn M. Catil F 42 ✓
24 Shellamae Magdin F 25 ✓
25 Mary Ann Gabay F 32 ✓ BNS
26 Betty Aguadilla F 30 ✓
27 Analy Bulahing F 32
28 Nancy Mulod F 23
29 Mary-ann Teres F 26
30 Lolita M. Lonotan F 41 BHW
31. Miguel Tumagan - B’laan Baylan Elder

32. Victor P. Acac - Punong Barangay

33. Ernie B. Diaz – Tulunan MDRRM Officer
34. Arnulfo A. Villaruz - Cotabato Provincial DRRM Office Operations and Warning Section
Head
Figure 12. Participants presented their detailed community 3D map
Figure 13. Member of youth organization located elements at-risk in the barangay during the
community exposure mapping session

Figure 14. Participants plot significant events in the barangay using the seasonal calendar
Figure 15. One of the participants presented their risk management capacity matrix output

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LANDSLIDE RISK

About the Dynaslope Project

Landslide Risk Assessment Report 1

Vulnerability and Capacity 29

Landslide Risk Assessment Report 2

CLRA Community landslide risk assessment

DRR Disaster risk reduction

DRRM Disaster risk reduction and management

DOST-PHIVOLCS Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Institute of

DSL Deep-seated landslide

EWS-L Early warning system for landslide

HHR Households at risk

LEWC Landslide early warning committee

MOMs Manifestations of movement

PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services

PLW Pregnant and lactating women

PWD Persons with disabilities

PSA Philippine Statistics Authority

VC Vulnerabilities and capacities

Landslide Risk Assessment Report 3

Landslide Risk Assessment Report 4

Landslide Risk Assessment Report 5

Landslide Risk Assessment Report 6

Landslide Risk Assessment Report 7

Landslide Risk Assessment Report 8

Landslide Risk Assessment Report 9

Landslide Risk Assessment Report 10

● Transportation: Infrastructures developed primarily for transportation, such as roads

H1 house Jayson Laman

H2 house Ariel Edian

H3 house Lita Ocom

Landslide Risk Assessment Report 11

H5 house Ronnie Malinoy

H6 house Rolando Gante

H7 house Leopoldo Pandacan

H8 house Jerry Atao

H9 house Armando Aguadilla

H10 house Vegel Laman

H11 house Ronnie Ogit

H12 house Antonio Peles

H13 house Benjie Peles

H14 house Fernando Bayaan

H15 house Ar-ar Panday

H16 house Morales Laman

H17 house Conrado Laman

H18 house Gulili Panday

H19 house Lino Bulahing

H20 house Roger Panday

H21 house Dannyboy Aguadillo

H22 house Delia Bulahing

H23 house Alfredo Panday

H24 house Junerey Panday

H25 house Arnold Panday

H26 house Tony Pandacan

H27 house Roger Tamba

H28 house Arsenio Lias

H29 house Gerry Gulanday

Landslide Risk Assessment Report 12

H31 house Mandy Laman