التكنولوجيا المالية في دول الخليج بين حداثة الظاهرة وسرعة الاستيعاب
التكنولوجيا المالية في دول الخليج بين حداثة الظاهرة وسرعة الاستيعاب
التكنولوجيا المالية في دول الخليج بين حداثة الظاهرة وسرعة الاستيعاب
اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ دول اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﺪاﺛﺔ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة وﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب
ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ:
ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﺎﻋﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻁـﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴـﺎ
ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﺱ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻨﺘﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻲ
ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴـﺭ
ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻡ ،ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺯﺍل ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍل ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﻜﻘﻁـﺎﻉ ﺩﺨﻴـل ﻏﻴـﺭ ﻤﻘـﻨﻥ
ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻫـﺫﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺸﻬﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﻀﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻭﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﻴـﺭﺓ ،ﻤـﺎ
ﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺘﺸﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ،ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺠـﺎﺀﺕ ﻤﺼـﺎﺤﺒﺔ
ﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﻨﻨﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺤﻴﺔ :ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ،ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺒﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ.
Abstract:
This study aims to study the factors that helped to absorb the Gulf countries to the financial
technology sector as it is a modern sector that directly affects the financial services sector and
the various projects adopted by it in the framework of that, like other Arab countries where the
term of financial technology has not yet spread. While the debate is still ongoing about financial
technology as an informal sector is not codified and rival to conventional financial institutions
and the most important risks it holds, and the most important findings of this research that the
technological development witnessed by the Gulf countries in the field of electronic payment
and Electronic Commerce and The future strategies developed by these countries for economic
diversification after the recent oil crisis, encouraged them to create financial technology in their
economies. This method of assimilation was accompanied by a regulatory environment with
government approval, the correct way to exclude the risks of financial technology.
Key words: financial technology, proliferation factors in the Gulf, existing projects.
ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ:
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻴﺸﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ
ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻬﺩﻨﺎﻫﺎ ،ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺠﺎﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﺤـﺩﺙ ﻤﺭﺍﺤـل ﺍﻟﺘﻁـﻭﺭ
; Q1; 26.1ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ1
; Q4; 25ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ1
750$أﻟﻒ
ﻣﻠﯿﻮن $ 2.5 14%
9%
$ﻣﻠﯿﻮن 25
1 $ﻣﻠﯿﻮن 4%ﻣﻠﯿﻮن $ 25
20% 4%ﻣﻠﯿﻮن $ 10
5%
NASEBA Report, « Financial Technology in GCC 2017/2018 Demands », p 5, online: Source:
http://naseba.blob.core.windows.net/img/Fintech/FINTECH_IN_THE_GCC_17-18.pdf
ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ ﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﺤﻠﻭل ﻭﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ،ﺘﺘﻁﻠﻊ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴـﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺒـﻴﻥ 6ﺇﻟـﻰ 12
ﺸﻬﺭﺍ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻁﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺤﻠﻭل ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ،ﻤﺜل ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘل ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻜﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ
% 42ﺃﻤﺎ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ % 30ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻴﻘﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﻭﻕ.
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ :03ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﻟﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ
% 41,75
% 30,34
% 21,35
% 6,74
ﻋﻠﻰ اﳋﻂ،" " ﺳﻮق أﺑﻮﻇﱯ اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ اﳌﺨﺘﱪ اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ، ﺳﻮق أﺑﻮ ﻇﱯ اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ-22
https://www.adgm.com/media/85828/20161102-media-rel-adgm-launches-its-fintech-reglab-arabic.pdf
23
- Rajeev Patel, op.cit.
24
- NASEBA Report,op.cit.
25
- OLIVER REPPEL and ROHIT MATHEW, p 12, op.cit.
26
- NASEBA Report, op.cit.
27
- NASEBA Report, « Financial Technology in GCC 2017/2018 Demands », p 02-03, online:
http://naseba.blob.core.windows.net/img/Fintech/FINTECH_IN_THE_GCC_17-18.pdf
28
- Daniel Diemers and other, p 10-11, op.cit.
29
- The Dubai Financial Services Authority, «DFSA and Hong Kong’s SFC sign FinTech Cooperation
Agreement », 28 August 2017, online:
http://dfsa.complinet.com/net_file_store/new_rulebooks/d/f/DFSA_signs_FinTech_MoU_with_HK_SFC
_28_Aug_2017.pdf
30
- Rajeev Patel, op.cit.
31
- ibid.
32
- ALGO BAHRAIN, «The World’s First Fintech Launching Shari’a compliant FinTech solutions
Consortium of Islamic Banks”, online: http://algobahrain.com/#WhatWeDo%20
33
-Fintech Consortium, EDB Bahrain and Bahrain Fintech Bay, «Bahrain Fintech Ecosystem Report
2018 », p 39, online:
https://www.fintech-
galaxy.com/storage/uploads/reports/2018/08/08/31b03ebdf443501b54fb107285a6da4f.pdf
ﻋﻠﻰ اﳋﻂ،2018-07-28 ،FORBES ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل،" ﻣﻠﻴﻮن دوﻻر100 "ﺑﻨﻚ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺻﻨﺪوق ﻟﺮأس اﳌﺎل اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ، ﺗﺴﻨﻴﻢ ﻧﻈﲑ-34
https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/اﻟﻤﺨﺎ-ﻣﺎل-رأس-ﻳﻄﻠﻖ-ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ-اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ-ﺑﻨﻚ
ﻋﻠﻰ اﳋﻂ،30 ص، اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ،2017 اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺴﻨﻮي،" "ﳕﻮ واﻋﺪ، ﳎﻠﺲ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ-35
https://www.bahrainedb.com/EDB_AnnualReport_2017/assets/img/pdf/EDB_Annual_Report_2017_ar.p
df
36
- Fintech Consortium, EDB Bahrain and Bahrain Fintech Bay, p 43, op.cit.
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻁ،2018/10/28 ،" ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔB-HIVE "ﺷﺮاﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺎل و، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺎل-37
http://www.qfc.qa/ar/MediaCenter/News/Pages/bhive-fintech-partner.aspx
38
- Clifford Chance, « FINTECH IN THE MIDDLE EAST », London , OCTOBER 2017, online:
https://financialmarketstoolkit.cliffordchance.com/content/micro-facm/en/financial-markets-
resources/resources-by-type/thought-leadership-pieces/fintech-in-the-middle-
east/_jcr_content/parsys/download/file.res/Fintech%20in%20the%20Middle%20East.pdf