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4.2 Worksheet

4.2 Worksheet

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70 views6 pages

4.2 Worksheet

4.2 Worksheet

Uploaded by

Hein htet zaw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

2 Uniform Distributions

Minds On:

On a TV game show, Allie has the option of taking home $750 or guessing which one of 26 briefcases
contains $1 000 000.

- What are her chances of winning?


- Aliie’s chances of winning are 1/26
- Each briefcase is equally likely to hold the money.

- How would all of this change if she were allowed to guess after checking the contents of five
briefcases?
Her chances of winning would improve to either 1/21 or 100% (if she wins).

Example 1: Uniform Distribution

A calculator has been programmed to generate a random number between 1 and 5.

a) Classify this distribution.

Each random number is equally likely and there is a single trial. So, this is a Uniform Distribution.

b) Calculate the probability distribution.

Random Number, 𝒙 𝑷(𝒙) 𝒙 ∙ 𝑷(𝒙)


1 1/5 1/5

2 1/5 2/5

3 1/5 3/5

4 1/5 4/5

5 1/5 5/5

c) Sketch a graph of probability histogram. Comment on the shape of the graph.

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Since this is a uniform distribution and all the probabilities are equal, the bars all have same dimensions.

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d) Calculate the expectation. Interpret its meaning.

E(X)=1/5+2/5+3/5+4/5+5/5
=15/5
=3
The expectation is 3. The predicted average value of the random number will be 3.

Your Turn:

A screen saver has been programmed to draw a circle with a randomly chosen radius of integer length
between 1 and 8 cm.

a) Is the probability distribution of areas uniform? Explain.


This is a uniform distribution because each random number is equally likely and there is a single trial.

b) Calculate the probability distribution.

Random number, x P(x) X*P(x)


1 1/8 1/8
2 1/8 2/8
3 1/8 3/8
4 1/8 4/8
5 1/8 5/8
6 1/8 6/8
7 1/8 7/8

8 1/8 8/8

c) Sketch a graph of the distribution. Comment on the shape of the graph.

Since this is a uniform distribution and all the probabilities are equal, the bars all have same dimensions.

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d) Calculate the expectation. Interpret its meaning.
E(x)=1/8+2/8+3/8+4/8+5/8+6/8+7/8+8/8
=36/8
=4.5
The expectation is 4.5. The predicted average value of the random number will be 4.5.

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Example 2: Fair Game

A game involves rolling a die. A player who rolls an even number receives points equal to two times the
face value of the die. If the player rolls an odd number, the player loses three times the face value of the
die. Is this a fair game?

E(x)=-3/6
=-0.5
A fair game will have an expectation equal to 0. This is not a fair game because the player will lose 0,5
points on each turn, on average.

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Your Turn:

A spinner has eight equally spaced sectors labelled from 1 to 8. In a particular game, a player wins points
equal to double the sector’s face value if a power of two is spun. For all other spins, the player loses the
face value of the spin. Is this a fair game?

Value Point Value P(x) X*p(x)


1 -1 1/8 -1/8
2 4 1/8 4/8
3 -3 1/8 -3/8
4 8 1/8 8/8
5 -5 1/8 -5/8
6 -6 1/8 -6/8
7 -7 1/8 -7/8
8 16 1/8 16/8

The sum of all the above product is 6/8 so this is not a fair game.

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