RESEARCH II

For Special Science Class

SCIENTIFIC WRITING: QUOTING,
PARAPHRASING & SUMMARIZING
Quarter 2 / Week 2

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 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit is a ready-to-use material for the

learners to develop and enhance their skills in research. This will
serve as a guide in quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing
information from a source.

In this learning kit, the students will gain knowledge in

quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing information.

This learning kit is composed of three parts:

I. What Happened. This section provides activities that will

prepare learners to the discussion of the topic provided in
this material.

II. What You Need To Know. This is the discussion section of the
SLK. Exercises after the discussion are also provided to
further enrich student’s learning of the topic.

III. What Have I Learned. This portion will gauge student’s

learning and will determine how much the learner has learned .

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OBJECTIVE:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

K: define 'paraphrasing,' 'summarizing' and 'quoting' and distinguish the

characteristics of scientific writing.
S: quote, paraphrase and summarize information from a source; and
A: express appreciation of the authors' honest work used in this kit.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Establish the purpose and importance of writing a good
review of related literature that conforms with scientific and
acceptable guidelines.

I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITY/ PRE-TEST:
Direction: Choose the correct answer and copy the letter and the
content of your choice in your notebook.

1. Which of the following is NOT something you have to change in

paraphrasing?
A. words C. order of ideas
B. sentence structure D. none of the above
2. How are paraphrasing and summarizing different from one
another?
A. Both are reworded; however, a summary is a condensed
version of the original, while paraphrasing maintains the
source's length.
B. Summary does not have to change sentence structure and
order of ideas while a paraphrase does.
C. Both are reworded; however, a paraphrase is a condensed
version of the original, while summarizing maintains the
source's length.
D. A summary does not need to be cited while a paraphrase
does.

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3. Do not quote more than ____% of your paper?
A. 5 B. 12 C. 2 D. 10
4. Which of the following writing skills takes word for word
information from a source and gives credit to the author?
A. notation C. quotation
B. paraphrase D. summary
5. What writing skills that takes the author’s ideas and write it in his
own words?
A. notation C. quotation
B. paraphrase D. summary

6. What writing skills that provides an overview of the main idea

and is shorter compared to the original text.
A. notation C. quotation
B. paraphrase C. summary

7. Which of the choices has the closest meaning of the sentence?

It has been reported that the richest one percent of

Americans own 40% of the country’s wealth.

A. The richest 1% are 40 times as wealthy as the rest of

Americans.
B. If the gap between rich and poor continues to grow at the
current rate, the richest one percent will soon own 40% of
the country’s wealth.
C. 40% of the country’s wealth is in the hands of only 1% o
Americans.
D. 99% of Americans own 40% as much as the richest 1%.

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 8. Which of the choices has the closest meaning of the sentence?

Martha thinks that the issue of adolescent problem is

important to write about.

A. Martha thinks that adolescents like to write about their

problems.
B. Martha feels that writing about adolescents’ problem is
worthwhile.
C. Martha believes that the dream of most adolescents is to
write something important.
D. Martha thinks that adolescents can write about their
problems.

II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

ACTIVITY 1: Summarize the article below. Write your answer in

your notebook.

Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking

notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final
[research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final
manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter.
Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact
transcribing of source materials while taking notes.

Summary:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

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WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC WRITING?

A writing based on knowledge of a particular

subject area or topic to produce solutions basing on
the existing theories and postulates.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTIFIC WRITING:

Clear – it avoids details that are not important.

Simple – it uses direct language and avoids difficult to

understand or complicated sentences
Avoid technical terms or jargon - are only used when
necessary for accuracy

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 Neutral – it avoids using unproven statements and
making of assumptions. Conclusions must be
supported with evidence (the how, when
and where the data were collected).

Structured logically – ideas and processes are

presented in logical manner

Accurate – it uses exact language and avoid vague and

ambiguous terms such as about, approximately,
almost.

Objective – ideas and statements must be based on

what has been observed supported by
evidences on how conclusion was drawn
basing on the collected data.

Retrieved from: https: //bit.ly/34Gg4SM (by Ahmed Refat Refat)

THREE WAYS TO ADD INFORMATION FROM OUTSIDE SOURCES TO

SCIENTIFIC WRITING

1. QUOTING:

These are verbatim words (exact words with no changes or

corrections). These are exact words of the author directly copied
from the sources set off with quotation marks.

- Make sure not to quote more than 10% of your paper

- This is used to support your argument.
- These are introduced with signal phrase and ends with a
citation.

Examples of signal phrases:

- According to Lewis, ”……”
- Lewis added, “……”
- Smith concluded, “……”

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 Example of Quoting:

Amores reported that “the increase of infected persons

with COVID-19 is due to local transmission.”

2. PARAPHRASING

These are author’s thoughts or ideas but restated in a

researcher's own words.In paraphrasing, do not just change
the words but change the structure of the sentence.The same
with quotations, it is introduced with signal phrases and ends
with a quotation.

Steps in paraphrasing:

a. Reread the original passage until you understand

its full meaning.

b. Set the original aside and write your paraphrase

on a note card.

c. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to

remind you later how you envision using this
material. At the top of the note card, write a
key word or phrase to indicate the subject of
your paraphrase.

d. Check your rendition with the original to make sure

that your version accurately expresses all the
essential information in a new form.

e. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or

phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the
source.

f. Record the source (including the page) on your

note card so that you can credit it easily if you
decide to incorporate the material into your
paper.

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 Example of Paraphrasing:

Original statement:
Giraffes like acacia leaves and hay and they can
consume 75 pounds of food a day.

Paraphrase:
A giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds of acacia leaves and
hay every day.

3. SUMMARIZING

It a short and brief statements of the key ideas of the authors

into your own words. A summary provides an overview of the main
idea and is shorter compared to the original text.
Same with quotation and paraphrase, it is introduced with signal
phrases and ends with citation.

How to summarize?

a. Record the author, title, year of publication and source of the

text.

b. Skim the text. Note any sub-headings, or try to divide

the text into sections.

c. Read the text carefully. Use a dictionary if necessary and

be prepared to read very difficult texts more than once.

d. Pay special attention to the first and last paragraphs.

e. Try to identify the main idea or argument.

f. Identify the topic sentence in each paragraph.

g. Identify the main support for the topic sentence.

h. Write the topic sentence of your summary. Include the

author’s name, the title of the text, the year of
publication and the author’s main idea or argument

Retrieved from: https//bit.ly/3myDrRJ (by Cluadia Cardenas)

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 Why should we use them?

a. Provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing

b. Refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing

c. Give examples of several points of view on a subject

d. Call attention to a position that you wish to agree or

disagree with

e. Highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or

passage by quoting the original

f. Distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to

cue readers that the words are not your own

g. Expand the breadth or depth of your writing

Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/31VJmsc (by Thompson, N.)

APPLICATION

Direction: Do the following tasks in your notebook.

A. Quote the given text below using the information

provided.

Facts are stubborn things; and whatever may be our wishes, our
inclinations, or the dictates of our passions, they cannot alter the
state of facts and evidence.
By: John Adams, 2020

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 B. Paraphrase the text below:

Any trip to Italy should include a visit to Tuscany to sample the

region's exquisite wines.

C. Summarize the paragraphs below:

So how do you go about identifying your strengths and weaknesses, and

analyzing the opportunities and threats that flow from them? SWOT Analysis
is a useful technique that helps you to do this.
What makes SWOT especially powerful is that, with a little thought, it
can help you to uncover opportunities that you would not otherwise have
spotted. And by understanding your weaknesses, you can manage and
eliminate threats that might otherwise hurt your ability to move forward in
your role.
If you look at yourself using the SWOT framework, you can start to
separate yourself from your peers, and further develop the specialized
talents and abilities that you need in order to advance your career and to
help you achieve your personal goals.

REFLECTION

Direction: Complete the phrases below. Write your answer in your

notebook.

I have learned that___________________________________

__________________________________________________

I realized that _______________________________________

__________________________________________________

I will apply _________________________________________

___________________________________________________

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 III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED

POST TEST:

A. Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is

TRUE and F if FALSE. Write your answers in your notebook.

1. I will quote when I need to add emphasis to an

argument.
2. I will quote all the time to show that I have done my
research thoroughly
3. Quotations should be used rarely and selectively.
4. I should quote to incorporate an idea that would lose its
effectiveness if paraphrased or summarized.
5. Paraphrasing is done if you want to change the
organization of another author’s words or ideas for
emphasis.
6. I should paraphrase to change the original meaning of
another author’s words, ideas and thoughts.
7. I should paraphrase to simplify and clarify the original
material.
8. I should paraphrase to back up, support or prove my
ideas.
9. I should paraphrase to make it clear I understand the
author's point of view.
10. I should summarize when I want to change the meaning
of the original text.
11. I should summarize when I want to condense large
amount of information accurately into the smallest
number of words possible.
12. I should summarize when I want to present the key
ideas of the original source briefly.

B. Compare paraphrasing and summarizing using a Venn

Diagram. Do this task in your notebook.

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 REFERENCES

Refat Refat, Ahmed. Introduction to Scientific Writing.

Published on February 10, 2015. https://bit.ly/34Gg4SM.

Cardenas, Cluadia. Quoting, Paraphrasing and Summarizing.

Published on October 13, 2009. https//bit.ly/3myDrRJ.

Thompson, N. Quoting, Praphrasing and Summarizing.

Published on Dec 9, 2009. .https://bit.ly/31VJmsc

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SYNOPSIS

After going through this self- learning kit, you should

be able to define paraphrasing, summarizing, and
quoting, and should be able to quote, paraphrase and
summarize information from a source.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

ANSWER KEY
CHE ISIDORE B. PARTOSA is a PRE-TEST
1. c
Grade 8 Math and Research teacher 2. a
of Zamboanguita Science High School 3. d
4. c
(ZSHS). He obtained his Bachelor of 5. b
Secondary Education major in 6. d
7. a
Mathematics at Negros Oriental State 8. b
University (NORSU) year 2013 and POST-TEST
completed his academic
requirements with his Master of Arts in 1.
2.
T
F
Mathematics Teaching of the same 3. T
university. 4.
5.
F
T
6. F
GERLIE T. CADUNGOG is a Grade 7.
8.
T
T
10 English and a Grade 8 Technical 9. F
Writing teacher of Zamboanguita 10.
11.
F
T
Science High School (ZSHS). She 12. T
obtained her bachelor's degree at 13.
14.
C
A
Negros Oriental State University 15. B

(NORSU-Siaton Campus) with the

degree of Bachelor of Secondary
Education major in English and Literature in 2002.

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

ADOLF P. AGUILAR
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRDMS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
Education Program Supervisor – (SCIENCE & MATH)

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

CHE ISIDORE B. PARTOSA

GERLIE T. CADUNGOG
Writers

KEENJI L. ARMENTANO
Writer
_________________________________________________

BETA QA TEAM
Ana Melissa T. Venido

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set of
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to information
and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be
reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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