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M

MIT1020/2
10kV Digital Insulation Tester

USER MANUAL
G SAFETY WARNINGS

Safety Warning must be observed during use.


n The circuit under test must be switched off, de-energised, isolated and checked to be safe before insulation test connections are made. Make sure the
circuit is not re-energised whilst the instrument is connected.
n Circuit connections must not be touched during an insulation test.
n After completing a test, capacitive circuits must be completely discharged before disconnecting the test leads. Capacitive charges can be lethal.
n Tested items should be firmly shorted out with a shorting link, after discharge, until required for use. This is to guard against any stored dielectric
absorption charge subsequently being released thereby raising the voltage to potentially dangerous levels.
n The voltage indicator and automatic discharge features should be regarded as additional safety features and not a substitute for normal safe working
practice.
n It is rare, but in certain circumstances, breakdown of the circuit under test may cause the instrument to terminate the test in an uncontrolled manner,
possibly causing a loss of display while the circuit remains energised. In this event, the unit must be turned off and the circuit discharged manually.
n Test leads, including crocodile clips, must be in good order, clean and with no broken or cracked insulation.
n The instrument should not be used if any part of it is damaged.
n Insulation testing in wet weather conditions might be hazardous. It is recommeded that this instrument is not used in these circumstances. If this
unavoidable, the user must take all necessary precautions.
n This instrument is not intrinsically safe and must not be used in hazardous atmospheres.
n If this instrument is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
NOTE
THE INSTRUMENT MUST ONLY BE USED BY SUITABLY TRAINED AND COMPETENT PERSONS.
Users of this equipment and/or their employers are reminded that National Health and Safety Legislation requires them to carry out valid risk assessments of
all electrical work so as to identify potential sources of electrical danger and risk of electrical injury such as inadvertent short circuits. Where the assessments
show that the risk is significant then the use of fused test leads may be appropriate.

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CONTENTS

Safety warnings 2 Test mode summary 16


Introduction 4 Insulation resistance ‘IR’ test 16
General description 4 Breakdown mode / burn mode 16
Features 4 Alarm limit mode 16
Cleaning 4 Step voltage ‘SV’ test 17
Power lead and battery charging 5 Polarisation index ‘PI’ test, and dielectric absorption
Instrument controls and indicators 6 ratio ‘DAR’ test 17
Power On/Off button 7 Dielectric discharge ‘DD’ test 17
Test voltage s and t buttons 7 Measurements above 100 GΩ 18
Test start / stop button 7 Circuit block diagram 19
Ω/I button 7 Specifications 20
B button 10 Accessories 21
Fn button 10 Repair and warranty 22
Mode button 10 Battery replacement 22
Timer s and t buttons 11
Record button 11 Symbols used on the instrument are:
Recording to on-board memory 11
Downloading results 11 F Caution: risk of electric shock
Deleting results 11
Recording to a PC 11 G Caution: refer to accompanying notes


High voltage warning LED
Line input present LED
12
12
t Equipment protected throughout by Double
Insulation (Class II)
Test terminals 12


Guard terminal
RS232 / USB connections
12
12
c
Equipment complies with current EU directives.

Battery bar graph 13 This equipment should be recyled as electronic


Voltage at terminals 13 waste.
Timer indicator 13
Digital display 13 Terms used in this manual
Analogue display 14 The word must is used to indicate that the instructions following should
Secondary display 14 be followed under all circumstances. Failure to follow these instructions
Pre-Test / during test key action table 14 could result in damage to the instrument and / or a hazard to the operator.
Breakdown detection 15
Noise detection 15 The word should is used to indicate that the instructions indicate best
practice.
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INTRODUCTION

General Description Features

The MIT1020/2 is a microprocessor controlled 10 kV insulation tester n Continuous resistance or current measurement on main display.
offering measurement capability of up to 35 TΩ. The instrument performs n Optional resistance, current, or figure of merit measurements on
automatic tests and has data storage and data retrieval facilities. secondary display.
Polarization index and dielectric discharge tests are performed n Standard test voltages – 250 V, 500 V, 1 kV, 2.5 kV, 5 kV, 10 kV
automatically, and test duration and voltages can be adjusted according n Non-standard test voltages – selectable between 50 V and 1 kV in 10 V
to user preference for these tests. A step voltage test can be performed steps, and selectable between 1 kV and 10 kV in 25 V steps.
automatically, with a default voltage of 1 kV, and test duration of 5
n Test modes include insulation resistance, polarisation index, step
minutes. It is possible for the user to set different voltages and test
voltage and dielectric discharge.
durations for the step voltage test.
n The dielectric absorption ratio is automatically calculated if the
The MIT1020/2 can be powered from the mains supply or by its own corresponding timers are set.
internal rechargeable battery, which provides for at least 4 hours of
n Either burn or breakdown selectable in insulation resistance mode.
continuous testing with a 100 MΩ load. A battery level indicator on the
LCD display indicates battery capacity. Connecting power to the mains n Insulation ‘Alarm Limit’ available in insulation resistance mode.
supply connector will automatically charge the battery whether the n Programmable timers include a main test duration timer, plus T1 and
instrument is switched ‘on’ or ‘off’, except during testing. A high level T2 timers for time resistance method type tests.
of internal isolation allows the instrument to be used while the unit is n Load capacitance and time constant measurements – displayed at end
supplied from the mains. An internal battery management system switches of test.
the instrument off after ten minutes of inactivity. If the battery approaches
n LCD backlight.
a very low state of charge the instrument turns itself off, and mains power
must be applied before the instrument can be used again. Recorded test n Data storage, data retrieval and real time data output.
results and settings will not be lost when the instrument is switched off. n USB or RS232 communications.
A comprehensive LCD display shows resistance, current, capacitance, time n Battery level / charge level indicator.
constant, voltage, timer measurements, and figure of merit measurements
such as polarisation index.
Cleaning

Disconnect the instrument and wipe it with a clean cloth slightly damped
with soapy water or Isopropyl alcohol (IPA).

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POWER LEAD AND BATTERY CHARGING

If the power lead supplied is not suitable for your mains connection, do
not use an adaptor. Always use a power lead fitted with the correct plug.

The instrument is fitted with a two-pin IEC60320 power inlet. Most power
leads are made with three-core cable, so the ground connection will not
be used.

Power lead connection table

Connection UK/International USA

Earth/Ground Yellow/Green Green

Neutral Blue White

Live (Line) Brown Black

If using a fused plug, ensure that it is fitted with a 3 Amp fuse.

The instrument can be powered from 85 - 265 Vrms a.c. at 50/60 Hz. The
battery will charge as long as the mains supply is connected, except when
a test is in progress. The power On/Off button has a green LED, which
illuminates when mains power is present. For optimum battery life, charge
the battery after each use. A completely exhausted battery will take 14
hours to recharge.

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INSTRUMENT CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

Line USB RS232 Measurement terminals Voltage at Test modes Burn indicator Alarm Data recording
input -ve guard +ve terminals

Time s and Battery level Timers


t selectors Main, T1,
T2
Voltage s
Line input
t selectors
Present Breakdown
indicator Analogue
indicator
display
Power on/off
High
High voltage
Backlight Ω/I selector voltage
warning
on/off warning
indicator
indicator
Data record

Function Mode Test start/stop High voltage Dielectric


warning indicator absorption Digital Polarisation Time Capacitance
ratio/T1 timer display index/timer T2 constant display

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Power On/Off button When the test has stopped, the display continues to show the voltage
The instrument will only turn on if this button is pressed, held and then present on the test leads. Pressing either test voltage s or t button will
released when the display responds. The instrument will not turn on if then display the test voltage immediately before the end of the test.
the button is released before the display responds, or if the button is held
down for too long. This is a safety feature to prevent the instrument being Test start / stop button
inadvertently turned on. A test will only start if this button is pressed, held and then released as
soon as the red high voltage warning indicator LED lights. The LCD and
The instrument is turned off either by pressing the button again, or if the red LED high voltage warning indicators flash when the test starts.
instrument is running on the battery, by timing out after 10 minutes of
inactivity. A test will not start if the button is released before the red LED shows, or
pressed continuously for longer than 5 seconds. This is a safety feature to
Upon switching the instrument on the display will first show ‘Ini’ while it
prevent a test being started inadvertently.
undergoes a self-checking routine. When Ini disappears, the instrument is
ready for use.
The presence of a voltage greater than 50 V on the test leads is indicated
Test voltage s and t buttons with flashing high voltage warning indicators. Testing is disabled if the
Using these buttons one of six test voltages can be selected: 250 V, 500 V, external voltage exceeds 80 V.
1 kV, 2.5 kV, 5 kV, and 10 kV. The selected voltage is shown on the display.
Testing will stop if the test start / stop button is pressed again, the
A non standard voltage between 50 V and 10 kV can be selected by holding preset test time is reached, or, if the unit is not in burn mode, insulation
down the ‘Fn’ function button whilst operating the buttons. The selectable breakdown is detected.
voltage is adjustable in 10 V steps between 50 V and 1 kV, and adjustable in
25 V steps between 1 kV and 10 kV. An auto repeat facility is enabled when When a test has finished, the instrument will discharge the load, which
the button is held down, allowing faster travel through the range. may take some time. The operator must always check the load has been
discharged before touching the test leads.
If there is an external voltage greater than 50 V on the test leads, the high
voltage warning indicators are flashed, and the display shows this voltage Ω/I button
instead. The instrument will not perform a test if this voltage is greater than Pressing this button toggles the digital and secondary displays. The details
80 V. available when scrolling the secondary display will depend upon the test
mode selected, whether timers T1 and T2 have been set, and the duration
During a test the display shows the actual voltage on the test leads. If the
of the test. The digital display toggles between insulation resistance and
test voltage is changed during a test, the new test voltage will be displayed
current.
briefly.
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In the ‘IR’, ‘PI’, and ‘DD’ modes the secondary display initially shows the
PI (polarity index), DAR (dielectric absorption ratio), and, on completion
of the test, the TC (time constant) and capacitance measurements.
Toggling the display shows insulation resistances and currents.

In the ‘SV’ (step voltage) mode, the secondary display toggles between
insulation resistances and currents.

Figures 1 to 4 illustrate the display status for sequential ‘Ω/I’ key presses in
the different modes. Press Ω/I

Press Ω/I

Press Ω/I

Figure 1 - The result of an insulation resistance test (IR)


Test settings: T1 and T2 times set in order to measure the DAR
Test conditions: test runs for longer than 10 minutes as this is required for
a PI reading.

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Press Ω/I Press Ω/I

Press Ω/I Press Ω/I

Press Ω/I Press Ω/I

Figure 2 - The result of a polarity index test (PI) Figure 3 - The result of a dielectric discharge test (DD)
Test settings: T1 and T2 times set in order to measure the DAR Test settings: T1 and T2 times set in order to measure the DAR
Test conditions: timer defaults to 10 minutes, as this is required for a PI Test condition: test runs for longer than 10 minutes as this is required for
reading a PI reading.

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Button Press Function Comment
Fn + Vs Increment in 10 V steps Voltage range between
50 and 1000 V
Fn + Vt Decrement in 10 V steps Voltage range between
50 and 1000 V
Fn + Vs Increment in 25 V steps Voltage range between
1000 and 10000 V
Fn + Vt Decrement in 25 V steps Voltage range between
Press Ω/I Press Ω/I
1000 and 10000 V
Fn + Ts or Tt Cycle through timers Select main timer, T1 or
T2
Fn + Mode Cycle through IR modes Select breakdown, burn
or alarm limit for IR test
Fn + Download mode See ‘Downloading
results’
Fn + Clear stored data The ‘record’ button is
pressed
twice
Figure 4 - The result of a step voltage (SV) test
Test condition: timer defaults to 5 minutes and test voltage defaults to
1000 V. Mode button
Press down on the ‘MODE’ button to cycle through and select the test
B button mode. Modes of test to be chosen from include an insulation resistance ‘IR’
Pressing this button toggles the display backlight on and off. test, a polarization index ‘PI’ test, a step voltage ‘SV’ test, and a dielectric
discharge ‘DD’ test.
Fn button
The function button when pressed allows other keys to perform another The insulation resistance ‘IR’ test operates in either ‘burn’ or ‘breakdown’
function. This is summarized in the table below. ‘Vs and ‘Vt represent the mode, with an option of setting a resistance threshold ‘alarm limit’. These
test voltage buttons. ‘Ts and ‘Tt represent the timer buttons. modes can be cycled through and selected by holding down the Fn button

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and pressing the Mode button. Recording to on-board memory
Timer s and t buttons Press the record button to start and stop recording. When data recording
The main timer can be set up to 99mins 59secs. The Ts button is enabled the record symbol will flash on and off repeatedly. Recording
increments the time, and the Tt button decrements the time in ten can only be activated before testing commences. Results are stored at
seconds steps. An auto repeat facility allows the time to be set more 15, 30, 45 and 60 seconds. After 60 seconds, at minute intervals up to 10
quickly. Setting a time of 00:00 disables the timer. With the timer disabled minutes. After 10 minutes, results are recorded at 5 minute intervals until
a test has to be manually stopped. the test terminates. At each interval the recorded data will contain selected
voltage, test time elapsed, voltage applied, leakage current, and insulation
The minimum timer setting is 15 seconds for test voltages of 1000 V or resistance.
more, and 30 seconds below this.
Downloading results
To select timer Tmain, T1 or T2 hold down the Fn button whilst Connect the instrument to the RS232 / USB port of a PC running Download
repeatedly pressing the Ts or Ttbuttons. To set the selected timer, Manager. Refer to section ‘RS232 / USB connection’ for set up details. Start
release the Fn button, and use the Ts or Ttbuttons. Download Manager on your PC, select the MIT520 / MIT1020 driver and
right click the icon. Select ‘Download’.
Note: T2 cannot exceed the time on main timer unless it is disabled
(00:00). T1 cannot exceed the time on T2. Switch the instrument on and wait until initialisation is complete. Press
the function key along with the record key. The instrument now displays
Record button ‘dld’ to indicate download mode. Press and hold down test button until
This button is used to start and stop recording. Recording can only be download begins, shown by analogue display lighting clockwise.
activated before testing. When data recording is enabled the ‘record’
symbol flashes. Results will not be erased during this operation and so may be downloaded
repeatedly.
Data is stored in solid-state memory and under normal circumstances will
maintain its integrity for in excess of ten years, but may rarely be corrupted Deleting test results
or lost by external influences such as transients and static discharge. Switch the instrument on and wait until initialisation is complete. Hold
Megger Limited cannot accept responsibility for any losses of data. Regular down the function key and press the record key twice. The instrument now
downloading to a PC using software such as Download Manager will displays ‘clr’ to indicate clear mode. Press and hold down test button until
substantially reduce any such risk. clear process begins, shown by analogue display lighting anti clockwise.
Press the MODE button to exit without deleting the results.

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Recording to a PC terminal i.e. if the insulator is clean and there are unlikely to be any adverse
While carrying out a test, the instrument will output the test voltage, current paths. However in cable testing for example, there may be surface
test current and resistance every second. Refer to section ‘RS232 / USB leakage paths across the insulation between the bare cable and the external
connection’ for setup details. Connect the instrument to the RS232 / USB sheathing due to the presence of moisture or dirt. Where it is required to
port of the PC. The data may be captured with Microsoft® HyperTerminal or remove the effect of this leakage, particularly at high testing voltages, a bare
another suitable programme. wire may be bound tightly around the insulation and connected via the third
test lead to the guard terminal ‘G’.
High voltage warning LED Leakage Path
This is a red LED next to the TEST button on the front panel. The LED
flashes when the voltage on the test inputs exceeds 50 V.
To +ve Terminal

Line input present LED


This is a green LED next to the power On/Off button on the front panel. It is
illuminated whenever the mains power is connected. To Guard Terminal
To -ve Terminal

Test terminals
There are three test terminals marked +, - and G. These terminals are The guard terminal is at the same potential as the negative terminal. Since
designed to accept only the test leads supplied. Shutters across the the leakage resistance is effectively in parallel with the resistance to be
terminals prevent accidental ingress of dirt and other objects. Test lead measured, the use of the guard causes the current flowing through surface
plugs interlock with the shutters and are released by rotating the test lead leakage to be diverted from the measuring circuit. The instrument therefore
plug a quarter turn. reads the leakage of the insulator, ignoring leakage across its surface.

The Guard terminal is explained below and is only used in cases where The display will show ‘FUS’ if the internal guard terminal fuse is found to
surface leakage currents need to be eliminated. Most measurements use just have blown. The instrument must be switched off to clear the message
the + and – terminals. The instrument’s internal voltage generator drives before further testing is permitted. The fuse should be replaced by an
the + terminal with respect to the – terminal, current being measured in authorised repairer. The instrument may be used in the mean time if the
the – terminal. guard terminal not used. Refer to notes regarding measurements above
100 GΩ on page 18.
Guard terminal
For basic insulation tests and where there is little possibility of surface
leakage affecting the measurement, it is unnecessary to use the guard
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RS232 / USB connection When mains power is present the indicator shows the battery is being
Data can be transferred to a PC via an RS232 or USB port. If using the charged by animating the segments of the bar graph.
RS232 port, use the null modem cable supplied. The RS232 settings are
38400 Baud, 8 data bits, 0 parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control (handshake). Voltage at terminals
If using the USB port, ensure that the USB driver supplied on the The test voltage will default to that selected in the previous test. If the
accompanying product CD has been installed BEFORE connecting the instrument has been switched off since the previous test, the test voltage
instrument. Installation instructions are also to be found on the CD. defaults to 250 V. If there is an external voltage greater than 80 V present,
Programmes such as Megger Download Manager may be used to this will be displayed regardless of changes made to the test voltage. In
download the results stored in memory. Programmes such as Microsoft® this case the instrument will not perform a test. The high voltage warning
HyperTerminal may be used to record real time data. indicators flash, and the beeper sounds, to warn of the hazard until the
external voltage becomes less than 50 V.
Battery bar graph
This is a battery symbol on the LCD display comprising 4 pairs of When testing, the voltage displayed is the voltage present at the test
segments. The battery is monitored continuously when the instrument terminals of the instrument. If the test voltage is changed, by pressing
is turned on. The charge remaining in the battery is shown in the table either of the test voltage s and t buttons during a test, the new test
below. voltage is displayed momentarily.

Fully charged battery After testing, the voltage displayed is the voltage present on the terminals.
To see what the voltage was immediately prior to the end on the test,
press either test voltage s or t buttons.
50% charged battery
Timer indicator
Tests cannot be started, and the battery The timer shows minutes and seconds. At the start of a test the timer will
may fail at any time start from zero and at the end of a test it will stop. The duration of the last
test remains on the display until another test is started.

Symbol flashes when there is not Digital display


enough charge for a test. The The digital display shows the resistance or current being measured during
instrument then turns itself off. a test. The Ω/I button toggles between the two. After a test the display
shows the last measurement made until the timer or voltage test settings
are changed, or the test start/stop button is pressed.
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Analogue display ‘Pre-Test / During test’ Key action table.
This simulates an analogue meter movement to give the user a better
“feel” for how a measurement is progressing. The analogue display shows Button press Key action Fn + Key action
resistance only. Pre-test During test Pre-test During test

Vs/Vt Increase / Increase / Increase / Increase /


The display is also used to indicate how ‘result download’ and ‘deletion of decrease the decrease the decrease the decrease the
results’ is progressing. test voltage in test voltage in test voltage in test voltage in
major steps major steps minor steps minor steps
(IR only) (IR only)
Secondary display
This part of the display shows the results of ‘time resistance’ method tests. Vs AND Vt Sets voltage Show set
to 500V voltage

Ts/ Tt Increase / Display set time Select main Display time


decrease the on main timer timer T1 or T2 set for main
time of the briefly timer, T1 or
selected timer T2 briefly

Ts AND Tt Reset timer to Display set Reset selected Display set


zero time on main timer to zero time on main
timer briefly timer briefly

Mode Select Test Cycle through


Mode IR modes
Ω/I Cycle through Cycle through
results display results display
of last test of current
completed active test

Record Turn recording Select


On/Off download or
clear stored
data

Vs and Vt represent the test voltage buttons. Ts and Tt represent the


timer buttons.

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TEST MODE SUMMARY

On screen warning codes The effects of noise can be reduces significantly with the use of high
quality Megger screened test leads.
Breakdown detection
The picture displayed on the right
If insulation breakdown is detected, shows the expected screen result
the unit aborts the test and flashes of an IR test on with a 5000V test
“brd” and the final test result voltage after 2 minutes 9 seconds.
alternately in the main digital display. The black and grey waveforms
This display is disabled when in burn are displayed alternately while the
mode as the unit will continue the noise is present. When the noise is
test without aborting. The instrument removed the wave form is replaced
detects breakdown in terms of a rapid by the correct reading.
drop in test voltage commensurate
with that caused by an arc across or though the insulation under test.

Noise detection Test aborted due to extremely high noise

Excessive noise during test Should an extremely high level of noise


be present, particularly at the start of
In environments such as HV switch yards or substations electrical noise a test, the instrument will indicate nSE
levels can be high enough to effect insulation test measurements. This (Noise). The instrument will require
noise takes the form of induced currents in the measurement circuit. switching off and on again to reset.
The noise current is either picked up by test leads or induced directly In certain rare circumstances
in the item under test. The MIT510/2, MIT520/2 and MIT1020/2 are all breakdown of the circuit under test
capable of accurate measurements with up to 2mA of induced noise may interfere with the sensitive current
current. The S1-554/2 and S1-1054/4 are design for very high noise measuring circuit. In this event the unit stops and also displays nSE. The
environments and can provide accurate measurements with up to 4mA of instrument will again require switching off and on again to reset.
noise current present.

A level of noise exceeding the instruments specified capability will be


indicated by an alternating sine wave on the display. The test continues
while displaying the noise. If the noise drops back down the normal
display is resumed.

15
TEST MODE SUMMARY

Press the ‘MODE’ button to cycle through and select the test mode. ‘10m’.
Modes of test to be chosen from include an insulation resistance ‘IR’ Pressing the ‘Ω/I’ button toggles the display to show the insulation
test, a polarization index ‘PI’ test, a step voltage ‘SV’ test, and a dielectric resistances, insulation currents, DAR and PI ratios, and capacitance. The
discharge ‘DD’ test. If timers T1 and T2 are set, the instrument will resistances and currents will be displayed under the ‘T1’, ‘T2’, ‘1m’ and
automatically calculate the dielectric absorption ratio ‘DAR’ of the ‘10m’ segment headings, the ratios under the ‘DAR’ and ‘PI’ segment
insulation. PI, DAR, and IR values are automatically stored and displayed headings. The capacitance reading is indicated by its units of either ‘nF’ or
if the data is available, irrespective of the selected test mode. At the end ‘µF’. Refer to section ‘Ω/I button’.
of a test the instrument can be made to display either the insulation
resistances, insulation currents or ratios plus capacitance measurements by Breakdown mode / burn mode
using the ‘Ω/I’ toggle button. See section ‘Ω/I button’ for cycling through The insulation resistance ‘IR’ test operates in either the ‘Burn’ or
results and toggling units. ‘Breakdown’ mode of operation. The default mode is breakdown. To
change mode press and hold the function button, then press and release
the mode button repeatedly until the desired mode is indicated by the
Insulation Resistance ‘IR’ test
flashing symbol on the display. Release the function button to select it.
This is the default mode in which the instrument powers up. This test
mode measures insulation resistance continuously at the selected voltage.
In the breakdown mode the ‘Breakdown Indicator’ will be illuminated –
The test voltage may be varied during an ‘IR’ test by pressing the test
refer to page 6. In this mode the test will automatically terminate should
voltage s or t buttons. The test duration can be set using the ‘main
the insulation break down to prevent damage to the insulation under test.
timer’. The test will finish automatically after this time has elapsed. On test
completion, insulation capacitance and the time constant associated with it
In the burn mode the ‘Burn Indicator’ is illuminated – refer page 6. The
is calculated and displayed.
burn mode disables the normal breakdown detection and enables the
Time Constant (TC) = Rins x Cins insulation test voltage to continue even after breakdown of the insulation.
This will enable the location of the failure to be seen and heard. Due to
If timers T1 and T2 are set, the instrument will calculate and display the the potential damage that could occur, the unit produces two long beeps
DAR value under the segment ‘DAR’. On completion of the test, the when starting a test with burn mode activated.
instrument will display the insulation resistance measured at these times
under the segment symbols ‘T1’ and ‘T2’. If the test runs for longer Alarm limit mode
than 10 minutes, the instrument will calculate the ‘polarisation index’. The insulation resistance ‘IR’ test has an option of setting an alarm limit.
This value will be displayed under the display segment symbol ‘PI’. On If this mode is selected, the instrument will beep should the resistance
completion of the test, the instrument will display the insulation resistance reading exceed a user selectable threshold. To set the limit, hold down the
recorded at 1 minute and 10 minutes under the segment symbols ‘1m’ and function button, then press and release the mode button repeatedly until

16
the ‘A ­’ symbol is flashing on the display. Use the timer s and t buttons minute period. Readings for contaminated insulation are fairly constant
to set the resistance threshold between the limits of 10 kΩ and 35 TΩ. because any absorption effects are masked by high leakage currents.
Release the function button to save the current limit. Adjusting the alarm On completion of the test the polarisation index is displayed under the
threshold level automatically activates the alarm limit mode. This is segment heading ‘PI’.
indicated by the ‘A ­’ symbol turning solidly on.
Polarisation Index (PI) = R10 min
To toggle the alarm limit mode on/off, hold down the function button, R1 min
then press and release the mode button repeatedly until the ‘A ­’ symbol is
flashing on the display. Release the function key to toggle. The ‘Dielectric Absorption Ratio’ is the term applied to the polarisation
index using other time intervals set by T1 and T2.
Step voltage ‘SV’ test
This is a test based on the principle that an ideal insulator will produce If timers T1 and T2 are both set, then the insulation resistance measured
identical readings at all voltages, while an insulator which is being over at these times is also recorded. These are displayed together with the
stressed, will show lower insulation values at higher voltages. The main calculated dielectric absorption ratio under the T1, T2, and DAR segments
timer and test voltage settings can be adjusted if desired from their default respectively.
values of 5 minutes and 1 kV respectively. During the test the applied test
voltage incrementally steps by one fifth of the test voltage setting final The instrument can be made to display either the insulation resistances,
value every minute, for 5 minutes, taking successive measurements until insulation currents or ratios plus capacitance measurements by using the
the final voltage is reached. Readings for the first 4 recorded values are Ω/I toggle button. See section ‘Ω/I button’ for cycling through results and
displayed under the consecutive segment headings ‘1m’ to ‘4m’. The 5 toggling units.
minute reading is displayed by the main display.
Dielectric Absorption Ratio (DAR) = RT2 min
If the range of measured insulation between readings is too wide for the
RT1 min
instrument to display, then those readings too small compared to the final
reading will be represented by ‘---’.
Dielectric discharge ‘DD’ test
Polarisation index ‘PI’ test, and dielectric absorption ratio The ‘DD’ test is a diagnostic insulation test that allows ageing,
‘DAR’ test deterioration, and voids in the insulation to be assessed. The result is
The ‘PI’ test is a particular example of a time/resistance method, which dependent on the discharge characteristic, so the internal condition of the
takes the ratio of the insulation measured at 1 minute and at 10 minutes. insulation is tested, largely independent of any surface contamination. On
Good insulation generally shows an increase in resistance over a 10 discharge the capacitive component of the discharge current decays from

17
a high value with a relatively short time constant of a few seconds. The Measurements above 100 GΩ
other current component, comprising the released absorption current, Measurements up to 100 GΩ can be made without any special precautions,
decays from a lower value with a relatively long time constant of up to assuming that the test leads are reasonably clean and dry. The guard lead
several minutes. If this component of the discharge current is large (>7 @ can be used to remove the effects of surface leakage if necessary. When
500 V test voltage) then the insulation condition is poor. measuring resistances above 100 GΩ, the test leads should not be allowed
to touch each other, or any other object since this will introduce leakage
The main timer will default to 30 minutes, which is normally sufficient time paths. Sharp points at the test lead connections should also be avoided
for full absorption to take place in an insulation material. The default test since this will encourage corona discharge.
voltage is set to 500 V. The ‘DD’ test requires the instrument to measure
The output is isolated, and so will float relative to ground such that
the discharge current 1 minute after the removal of the test voltage. At
the positive terminal is at plus half of the test voltage, and the negative
this time the capacitive current should be insignificant compared with the
terminal is at minus half of the test voltage with respect to ground.
released absorption current. On completion of the test, the instrument
Leakages therefore occur between the positive terminal and ground,
uses this measurement along with the test voltage and calculated
between the negative terminal and ground, and directly between the
capacitance to produce a figure of merit indicating the quality of the
positive and negative terminals. These leakages have a significant effect
insulation.
and can occur through the air itself.

Dielectric Discharge (DD) = I1 min + Test V - Test V


VxC 2 2
+ -

where I is the measured current expressed in milliamps (mA), V is the test


voltage in Volts (V), and C is the measured capacitance in Farads (F) Ground

If the guard lead is connected to ground, then since the negative terminal
is at the same voltage as the guard terminal, the leakage into the negative
terminal will be considerably reduced. This will improve accuracy
because the current flowing into the negative terminal is measured by
the instrument and used to calculate resistance. This technique is only
permissible if the item under test is isolated from ground. “Isolated” in this
context means insulated by a resistance of at least 5 MΩ for the positive
terminal, or at least 10 kΩ for the negative terminal.
18
Conversely, if the positive terminal is grounded, then the negative terminal Circuit block diagram
will be at a voltage equal to the test voltage relative to ground, which will
R1 R2
result in an increase in leakage current, and worsening of measurement +
accuracy.
100 MΩ

+ Test V 0V - High C1
+ voltage Volts
source Discharge
+ - Ref resistance
Guard
Current
Ground Limit G
Voltage
control Fuse

When making measurements above 100 GΩ therefore, the user should -


Current
ground the Guard Lead where possible, otherwise parallel leakage paths
may occur. Cable
under
Alternatively, screened leads are available as an optional accessory from test
For 5 kV instruments C1 = 47 nF, R1 = 50 kΩ, R2 = 40 kΩ
Megger. The lead to the negative terminal is fully screened. The screen is
plugged into the Guard terminal, diverting any stray leakage currents. This For 10 kV instruments C1 = 15 nF, R1 = 156 kΩ, R2 = 110 kΩ
considerably improves measurements made with a floating output, where
the leads might touch each other or anything other than the test piece.

19
SPECIFICATIONS

Voltage input range Capacitance measurement accuracy (23 °C)


85-265 V rms, 50/60 Hz, 60 VA ±5% ±5 nF
Battery life Voltage output accuracy (0 °C to 30 °C)
Typical capacity is 4 hours continuous testing at 10 kV with a 100 MΩ load +4%, -0% ±10 V of nominal test voltage at 1 GΩ load
Test voltages Current measurement range
250 V, 500 V, 1 kV, 2.5 kV, 5 kV, 10 kV ranges, adjustable in 10 V steps from 0.01 nA to 5 mA
50 V to 1 kV, and 25 V steps from 1 kV to 10 kV
Current measurement accuracy (23 °C)
Accuracy (23°C, 10 kV) ±5% ±0.2 nA at all voltages
10 kV 5000 V 2500 V 1000 V 500 V 250 V
Interference rejection
±5% to 2 TΩ 1 TΩ 500 GΩ 200 GΩ 100 GΩ 50 GΩ 1 mA per 600 V up to a maximum of 2 mA
±20% to 20 TΩ 10 TΩ 5 TΩ 2 TΩ 1 TΩ 500 GΩ Timer range
Counts up to 99 minutes and 59 seconds from start of test
Guard
15 second minimum setting for test voltage ≥1000 V
2% error guarding 500 kΩ leakage with 100 MΩ load
30 second minimum setting for test voltage <1000 V
Display range
Test regimes
Digital display 10 kΩ to 35 TΩ (3 digits)
Auto IR, PI, SV, DD
Analogue display 100 kΩ to 1 TΩ
DAR is calculated automatically if timers T1 and T2 are set
Short circuit/charge current
Interface
3 mA @ 10 kV
RS232: 38400 Baud, 8 data bits, 0 parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control.
Capacitor charge time USB
<5 seconds per µF at 3 mA to 10 kV Data storage
Capacitor discharge time Data stored: selected voltage, test time elapsed, voltage applied, leakage
current, and insulation resistance. The PI, DAR, capacitance, time constant
<250 ms per µF to discharge from 10 kV to 50 V
and DD values are also stored if available at the end of the test. Megger
Capacitance measurement (500 V minimum test voltage) Download Manager may be used to transfer this data to a PC.
10 nF to 50 µF (dependent on test voltage) Data output
Real time serial data output once per second of the test voltage, test
current, and resistance
20
ACCESSORIES

Lead set Order code


Three flexible silicon insulated leads with compact clamp Included Accessories
Safety 3 m lead set, medium size insulated clips 1002-531
Meets the requirements of IEC61010-1 CAT IV 600 V User guide on CD-ROM 2000-213
RS232 cable 25955-025
EMC USB cable 25970-041
Meets the requirements of IEC61326-1
3 x 3 m lead set with large insulated clips 1002-534
Operating temperature Optional Accessories
Refer to www.megger.com HV test lead sets
Operating temperature 3 x 3 m with un-insulated small clips 8101-181
-20 °C to 50 °C 3 x 8 m with un-insulated small clips 8101-182
Storage temperature 3 x 15 m with un-insulated small clips 8101-183
-25 °C to 65 °C 3 x 5 m with medium insulated clips 1002-641
Ingress protection (lid closed) 3 x 8 m with medium insulated clips 1002-642
IP65 3 x 10 m with medium insulated clips 1002-643
Humidity 3 x 15 m with medium insulated clips 1002-644
90% RH non-condensing at 40 °C 3 x 5 m with large insulated clips 1002-645
Dimensions 3 x 8 m with large insulated clips 1002-646
305 x 194 x 360 (mm) (12 x 7.6 x 14.2 inches) 3 x 10 m with large insulated clips 1002-647
Weight 3 x 15 m with large insulated clips 1002-648
7.1 kg (16lb) approx. Control circuit test lead set
2 x 3 m with small insulated clips 6220-822
Screened HV test leads

1 x 3 m, with 10 kV screened un-insulated small clips 6220-834
1 x 10 m, with 10 kV screened un-insulataed small clips 6220-861
1 x 15 m, with 10 kV screened un-insulated small clips 6220-833

21
REPAIR AND WARRANTY

The instrument contains static sensitive devices, and care must be taken in handling the printed circuit board. If an instrument’s protection has been
impaired it should not be used, but sent for repair by suitably trained and qualified personnel. The protection is likely to be impaired if for example, it shows
visible damage, fails to perform the intended measurements, has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavourable conditions, or has been subjected
to severe transport stresses.

NEW INSTRUMENTS ARE GUARANTEED FOR 1 YEAR FROM THE DATE OF PURCHASE BY THE USER.

Note: Any unauthorized prior repair or adjustment will automatically invalidate the Warranty.

CALIBRATION, REPAIR AND SPARE PARTS


For service requirements for Megger Instruments contact:

Megger Limited or Megger


Archcliffe Road Valley Forge Corporate Centre
Dover 2621 Van Buren Avenue
Kent CT17 9EN Norristown PA 19403
England. U.S.A.
Tel: +44 (0) 1304 502 243 Tel: +1 610 676 8579
Fax: +44 (0) 1304 207 342 Fax: +1 610 676 8625
Megger operate fully traceable calibration and repair facilities, ensuring your instrument continues to provide the high standard of performance and
workmanship you expect. These facilities are complemented by a worldwide network of approved repair and calibration companies to offer excellent
in-service care for your Megger products.

Returning your product to Megger - UK and USA service centres


1. When an instrument requires recalibration, or in the event of a repair being necessary, a Returns Authorisation (RA) number must first be obtained from
one of the addresses shown above. You will be asked to provide the following information to enable the Service Department to prepare in advance for
receipt of your instrument, and to provide the best possible service to you.
n Model, e.g. MIT1020/2.
n Serial number, to be found on the underside of the case or on the calibration certificate.
n Reason for return, e.g. calibration required, or repair.
n Details of the fault if the instrument is to be repaired.
22
2. Make a note of the RA number. A returns label can be emailed or faxed to you if you wish.
3. Pack the instrument carefully to prevent damage in transit.
4. Ensure the returns label is attached, or that the RA number is clearly marked on the outside of the package and on any correspondence, before sending
the instrument, freight paid, to Megger. Copies of the original purchase invoice and packing note should be sent simultaneously by airmail to expedite
clearance through customs. In the case of instruments requiring repair outside the warranty period, an immediate quotation can be provided when
obtaining the RA number.
5. You may track the progress of your return on line at www.megger.com

Approved Service Centres


A list of Approved Service Centres may be obtained from the UK address above, or from Megger’s website at www.megger.com
Service note
Battery replacement
Should the internal lead acid battery require replacement the unit must be sent to a Megger authorised service agent. A replacement battery connection
wiring loom must be fitted to ensure future connection integrity. In addition the on screen battery charge level indicator will need to calibrated to the
new battery’s characteristics.

End of life disposal


WEEE
The crossed out wheeled bin placed on the Megger products is a reminder not to dispose of the product at the end of it’s product life with general waste.
Megger is registered in the UK as a Producer of Electrical and Electronic Equipment.
The Registration No is WEE/HE0146QT
Batteries
The crossed out wheeled bin placed on the batteries is a reminder not to dispose of them with general waste at the end of their life.
This product contains a sealed lead acid battery 12V, 4Ah (NP4-12 type)
Battery replacement should only be performed by a Megger authorised repair agent, who will correctly dispose of the spent battery.
For the purpose of end of life disposal only, the battery can be accessed by removing the four recessed screws on rear of instrument and lifting inner
instrument out of outer case. Remove screws and remove the inner front cover to access battery.
The battery fitted in this instrument is classified as a Portable Battery and should be disposed of in the UK in accordance with Local Authority requirements.
For disposal of batteries in other parts of the EU contact your local distributor. Megger is registered in the UK as a producer of batteries. The registration
number is BPRN00142 23
M

Megger Limited Megger Megger   Megger Pty Limited Megger Limited


Archcliffe Road, Dover 4271 Bronze Way, Dallas, Z.A. Du Buisson de la Couldre Unit 1, 11-21 Underwood Road Unit 106-550 Alden Road
Kent CT17 9EN England Texas 75237-1019 USA 23 rue Eugène Henaff Homebush Markham ON L3R 6A8 Canada
T +44 (0)1 304 502101 T +1 800 723 2861 (USA ONLY) 78190 TRAPPES France NSW 2140 Australia T +1 416 298 9688 (Canada only)
F +44 (0)1 304 207342 T +1 214 333 3201 T +33 (0)1 30.16.08.90 T +61 (0)2 9397 5900 T +1 416 298 6770
E uksales@megger.com F +1 214 331 7399 F +33 (0)1 34.61.23.77 F +61 (0)2 9397 5911 F +1 416 298 0848
E ussales@megger.com E infos@megger.com E ausales@megger.com E casales@megger.com

Megger Megger GmbH Megger AB Megger AG


501 Crystal Paradise Mall Obere Zeil 2 Eldarvägen 4 Ob. Haselweg 630
Off Veera Desai Road 61440 Oberursel Box 2970 5727 Oberkulm
Andheri(w), Mumbai - 400053 Germany SE-187 29 TÄBY Aargau
Maharashtra T 06171-92987-0 Sweden Switzerland
India F 06171-92987-19 T +46 8 510 195 00 T +41 62 768 20 30
T +91 22 26740468 F +46 8 510 195 95 F +41 62 768 20 33
F +91 22 26740465

Megger products are distributed in 146 countries worldwide.

This instrument is manufactured in the United Kingdom.


The company reserves the right to change the specification or design without prior notice.

Megger is a registered trademark

Part No. MIT1020_2_UG_en_V09 1112


www.megger.com

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