8.1 Fats Carns and Proteins

Section 8.
1 Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins
Learning Target
• Name the three classes of nutrients that supply your
body with energy.
• Explain how the body obtains energy from foods.
• Describe the roles that carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins play in your body.
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Section 8.1 Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins
Quick Quiz Which of these statements are always true?

Which are sometimes true? Which are always false?
Foods that are high in calories are unhealthy.
You should avoid foods with sugars in them.
You should avoid fats in your diet.
Vegetarian diets are low in protein.
Snacking is bad for you.
For each of your responses, explain why you gave

the answer you did.
Switch to QuickTake version of the quiz.
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Foods Supply Nutrients

• Food supplies your body with nutrients, substances
that the body needs to regulate bodily functions,
promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain
energy.
• There are six classes of nutrients: carbohydrates,
fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
• Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used by
the body as sources of energy.
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Foods Supply Energy

• The foods you eat
are your body’s
energy source.
• You need energy to
maintain your body
temperature, keep
your heart beating,
and enable you to
understand what
you read.
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Fuel for Your Body
• When your body uses the nutrients
in foods, a series of chemical
reactions occurs inside your cells.
As a result, energy is released.
• Metabolism is the chemical
process by which your body breaks
down food to release this energy.
• Metabolism also involves the use
of this energy for growth and repair
of body tissue.
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What are Calories?

• The amount of
energy released
when nutrients are
broken down is
measured in units
called calories.
• The more calories a
food has, the more
energy it contains.
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Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates are
nutrients made of
carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen.
• Carbohydrates
supply energy for
your body’s
functions.
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Simple Carbohydrates
• Simple carbohydrates are also known as sugars.
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Complex Carbohydrates
• Complex carbohydrates are made up of sugars that are linked
together chemically to form long chains.
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Fiber
• Fiber is a type of complex
carbohydrate that is found
in plants.
• A high-fiber diet
• helps prevent
constipation
• may reduce the risk of
colon cancer
• may help prevent
heart disease
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Fiber
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Your Body’s Energy Reserves

• At a meal, you usually eat more
carbohydrates than your body
can immediately use.
• The extra glucose is converted
into a type of starch called
glycogen.
• If you eat so many
carbohydrates that the body’s
glycogen stores are full, then
the excess carbohydrates are
stored as fat instead.
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Daily Carbohydrate Intake

• Nutritionists recommend that 45 to 65 percent of a
person’s daily calorie intake come from
carbohydrates.
• It is better to eat foods rich in complex carbohydrates
rather than simple carbohydrates.
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Fats
• Fats are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• Fats supply your body with energy, form your cells,
maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves.
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Unsaturated Fats
• Unsaturated Fats have at least one unsaturated
bond in a place where hydrogen can be added to the
molecule.
• Unsaturated fats are usually liquid at room
temperature.
• Unsaturated fats are classified as either
monounsaturated fats or polyunsaturated fats.
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Saturated Fats
• Fats that have all the hydrogen the carbon atoms can
hold are called saturated fats.
• Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature.
• Too much saturated fat in your diet can lead to heart
disease.
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Daily Fat Intake

• Nutritionists recommend that 20 to 35 percent of your
calories come from fat, primarily unsaturated fat.
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Cholesterol
• Cholesterol is a waxy,
fatlike substance that is
found only in animal
products.
• Your body needs a
certain amount of
cholesterol to make cell
membranes and nerve
tissue, certain hormones,
and substances that aid
in the digestion of fat.
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Trans Fats
• Trans fats are made when manufacturers add hydrogen
to the fat molecules in vegetable oils.
• Trans fats are found in margarine, chips, and
commercially baked goods.
• Trans fat seems to have many of the negatives of
saturated fat.
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Proteins
• Nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen are called proteins.
• Proteins can serve as a source of energy.
• The most important function of proteins is their role in the
growth and repair of your body’s tissues.
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Amino Acids
• Proteins are long chains of smaller “links” that are
bound together chemically.
• These smaller substances are known as amino
acids.
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Essential Amino Acids

• The nine amino acids that the body cannot
manufacture are called essential amino acids.
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Complete and Incomplete Proteins
• Protein from animal sources is complete protein.
• It contains all nine essential amino acids.
• Most protein from plant sources is incomplete protein.
• It lacks one or more of the essential amino acids.
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Daily Protein Intake

• Nutritionists recommend that 10 to 35 percent of your
calories come from proteins.
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Proteins for Vegetarians

• People who don’t eat meat can combine two or more
plant protein sources that, taken together, provide all
the essential amino acids.
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Vocab
• Nutrient
• A substance in foods that the body needs to regulate bodily
functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain
energy.
• Metabolism
• The chemical process by which the body breaks down food
to release energy.
• Calorie
• Unit for the amount of energy released when nutrients are
broken down.
• carbohydrate
• A nutrient made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that
supplies energy.
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Vocab
• Fiber
• A way of dealing with an uncomfortable or unbearable
feeling or situation.
• fat
• A nutrient made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; supplies
energy, forms cells, maintains body temperature, and
protects nerves.
• unsaturated fat
• A fat with at least one unsaturated bond in a place where
hydrogen can be added to the molecule.
• saturated fat
• A fat that has all the hydrogen the carbon atoms can hold. A
fat that has all the hydrogen the carbon atoms can hold.
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Vocabulary
• cholesterol
• A waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products.
• trans fat
• The type of fat produced when manufacturers add hydrogen to
the fat molecules in vegetable oils.
• Protein
• A nutrient that contains nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen; needed for the growth and repair of body tissues.
• amino acid
• Small units that are bound together chemically to form
proteins.
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8.1 Fats Carns and Proteins

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Section 8.

1 Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins

Quick Quiz Which of these statements are always true?

Foods that are high in calories are unhealthy.

You should avoid foods with sugars in them.

You should avoid fats in your diet.

Vegetarian diets are low in protein.

Snacking is bad for you.

For each of your responses, explain why you gave

Foods Supply Nutrients

Foods Supply Energy

What are Calories?

Your Body’s Energy Reserves

Daily Carbohydrate Intake

Daily Fat Intake

Essential Amino Acids

Daily Protein Intake

Proteins for Vegetarians

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