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Ecosystem

Ecosystems are complex systems of interaction between living organisms and their environment. They consist of biotic components like producers, consumers, and decomposers that interact with abiotic physical and chemical components. Producers, such as plants, convert sunlight into organic matter through photosynthesis. Consumers, including herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers. Decomposers break down dead organic matter and cycle nutrients in the ecosystem. All of these living components depend on abiotic factors like air, water, sunlight, minerals, and temperature for survival.

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72 views16 pages

Ecosystem

Ecosystems are complex systems of interaction between living organisms and their environment. They consist of biotic components like producers, consumers, and decomposers that interact with abiotic physical and chemical components. Producers, such as plants, convert sunlight into organic matter through photosynthesis. Consumers, including herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers. Decomposers break down dead organic matter and cycle nutrients in the ecosystem. All of these living components depend on abiotic factors like air, water, sunlight, minerals, and temperature for survival.

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ruchith bhoopalam
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Ecosystem

-Ruchith Bhoopalam
BBA 2nd SEM
Meaning:
• CONCEPT Everything in the natural world is
connected.
Plants and animals depend on each other to survive. This
connection of living things to each other is called
biodiversity.These plants and animals within an area
interact with each other and with the non-living elements
of the area, such as climate, water, soil and so on.
• Ecology Term Coined by Earnst
Haeckel in 1869.
Derived from greek
words: OIKOS(Home)+LOGOS(Study)S
o, Ecology is the study of organisms in
their natural home interacting with
Ecology their surroundings.
• Ecology is the scientific study of the
relationships that
living organisms have with each other
and with their natural
environment.Ecology is the study of
ecosystems.
• Habitat functions: ecosystems provide habitat to
wild plants and animals and thus conserve
biological and genetic diversity.

Functions
• Regulatory functions: ecosystem regulates
essential ecological processes and life support

of systems and renders stability.

ecosystem
• Informational function: ecosystems provide an
essential 'reference function' and contribute to the
maintenance of human health by providing
opportunities for spiritual enrichment, cognitive
development, recreation and aesthetic experience.
Living/ Biotic Components
ProducersConsumers
Herbivores

Structure
Carnivores

of
Omnivores
Detritivores
Ecosystem Decomposers
Non-Living/ Abiotic Components
Physical components
Chemical Components
Different living organisms constitute the biotic
components of an ecosystem.

This refers to large life-forms such as trees or


Biotic mammals, small life-forms such as insects
Components and algae, and microscopic life-forms such as
of bacteria.

Ecosystem Biotic, meaning of or related to life, are living


factors. Plants, animals, fungi and bacteria are
all biotic or living factors.
• Producers are organisms which are able to
manufacture organic compounds from inorganic
Producers substances from their environment.

Most • Food is produced both for themselves and for

important other organisms.

components • They depend directly on the abiotic component


for their survival and production of nutrients.
of • Producers are also known as autotrophs (derived
ecosystem. from Greek words: “autos” meaning self and
“trophe” meaning nourishment)
• Consumers are organisms that obtain nutrients
by consuming other organisms.

• These organisms are formally referred to


as heterotrophs (derived from Greek words
“heteros” meaning another/ different and

Consumers “trophe” meaning nourishment.

• A heterotroph is an organism that cannot


synthesize their own food and must obtain it
ready made.

• They can be herbivores, carnivores, omnivores


or detritivores.
• Animals who derive their required

energy directly from consuming the


plants and plants only.

• Also known as primary consumers.

Herbivores • Herbivores have special digestive


systems that let them digest all kinds of
plants, including grasses.

• Eg. Rabbit, cattle, horse, sheep,


insects, etc.
Carnivores
Carnivores generally eat herbivores
(secondary consumers), but occasionally
Animals that eat other carnivores also (tertiary

feed on other consumers).

animals. Eg: lion, tiger, cats, birds of prey, sharks,


frogs, etc.
Predators & A predator is an organism that hunts and
kills other organisms for food. Eg: lions,

Scavengers
tigers, sharks, wolves, snakes, etc.

Scavengers eat the food that has been


killed and left behind by predators. Eg:
vultures, racoons, hyena,etc.

Scavengers play an important role in


the ecosystem by consuming the carcass
of of animals that have been left to
decompose. Decomposers and
detritivores complete this process, by
consuming the remains left by scavengers.
• Omnivores often are
opportunistic, general feeders with neither
carnivore nor herbivore specializations for
acquiring or processing food, and are
Omnivores capable of consuming and do consume both
animal protein and vegetation.

• .Eg, humans, bear, etc.


• They feed on dead plant and animal matter,
but perform an additional function which is
to return essential nutrients back to the
ecosystem in the process. Detritivores

Detritivores
actually eat organic matter. They are
essential for recycling of nutrients: without
them dead plant material would not be
returned to the soil for new growth

• Eg: worms, millipedes, sea stars, crabs, dung


flies.
These are micro-organisms which break-
down organic matter into inorganic
compounds and derive their nutrition in
Decomposers/
the process. Decomposers break down
Saprobes
complex compound into simpler
compounds without eating them.
The nonliving materials in an ecosystem, such
as minerals, gases, liquids and chemicals are

Abiotic referred to as abiotic or non-biotic factors.

Components Physical Components

of Sunlight, water, air, temperature, rainfall, soil texture,


wind speed and direction,, etc.
Ecosystem
Chemical Components
Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, iron, copper, zinc,
etc.
Thanks!! Thanks returns!!!

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