Geology For Civil Engineers - Lesson 1

GEOLOGY FOR
CIVIL
ENGINEERS
ENGR. BRENDA G. DE VEGA-FLORIDA

8/26/2022 2
GENERAL
GEOLOGY
Geology in Civil Engineering
Branches of Geology
Earth Structure & Composition
GENERAL GEOLOGY
Introduction
Geology, study of the planet earth, its rocky exterior,
its history, and the processes that act upon it.
Geology is also referred to as earth science and
geoscience. The word geology comes from the
Greek geo, “earth,” and logia, “the study of.”
Geologists seek to understand how the earth
formed and evolved into what it is today, as well as
what made the earth capable of supporting life.
Geologists study the changes that the earth has
undergone as its physical, chemical, and biological
systems have interacted during its 4.5 billion year
history.
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GENERAL GEOLOGY
Introduction
Geology is the study of the solid Earth. It includes
the investigation of the rocks forming the Earth
(petrology) and of how they are distributed (their
structure), and their constituents (mineralogy and
crystallography). Geochemistry is a study of the
chemistry of rocks and the distribution of major and
trace elements in rocks, rock suites, and minerals.
This can lead to an understanding of how a
particular rock has originated (petro genesis), and
also, in the broadest sense, to a knowledge of the
chemistry of the upper layers of the Earth.
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GENERAL GEOLOGY
Introduction
The upper layers of the Earth. The distribution of rocks at
the Earth’s surface is found by making a geological survey
(that is, by geological mapping) and is recorded on
geological maps. This information about rocks is
superimposed on a topographic base map. Knowledge of
the nature and physical conditions of the deeper levels of
the planet can be gained only by the special methods of
geophysics, the twin science of geology; the term ‘Earth
sciences’ embraces both. From the theory and methods of
geophysics, a set of techniques (applied geophysics) has
been evolved for exploring the distribution of rocks of
shallower levels where the interests of geologists and
geophysicists are most intertwined.
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GENERAL GEOLOGY
Introduction
Knowledge of the Earth at the present time raises
questions about the processes that have formed it in the
past: that is, about its history. The interpretation of rock
layers as
Earth history is called stratigraphy, and a study of the
processes leading to the formation of sedimentary rocks is
called sedimentology. The study of fossils (palaeontology)
is closely linked to Earth history, and from both has come
the understanding of the development of life on our
planet. The insight thus gained, into expanses of time
stretching back over thousands of millions of years, into
the origins of life and into the evolution of man, is
geology’s main contribution to scientific philosophy and
to the ideas of educated men and women.
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GEOLOGY FOR CIVIL
ENGINEERING
Role of the engineer in the
systematic exploration of a site
The systematic exploration and investigation of a new site may involve
five stages of procedure. These stages are:
• (1) preliminary investigation using published information and other
existing data;
• (2) a detailed geological survey of the site, possibly with a
photogeology study;
• (3) applied geophysical surveys to provide information about the
subsurface geology;
• (4) boring, drilling and excavation to provide confirmation of the
previous results, and quantitative detail, at critical points on the site;
and
• (5) testing of soils and rocks to assess their suitability, particularly
their mechanicalproperties (soil mechanics and rock mechanics),
either in situ or from samples.
8
Relevance of geology to civil
engineering
Most civil engineering projects involve some excavation of
soils and rocks, or involve loading the Earth by building on it.
In some cases, the excavated rocks may be used as
constructional material, and in others, rocks may form a
major part of the finished product, such as a motorway
cutting or the site f or a reservoir. The feasibility, the
planning and design, the construction and costing, and the
safety of a project may depend critically on the geological
conditions where the construction will take place.
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PRESENTATION TITLE
The way to get
started is to quit
talking and begin
doing.
Walt Disney
10
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THANK YOU
Reference: GEOLOGY FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS
by A.C. McLean & C.D. Gribble

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GEOLOGY FOR

ENGR. BRENDA G. DE VEGA-FLORIDA

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