9

HEALTH
Quarter 3 – Module 1
Unintentional Injury:
Prevention and Safety
HEALTH – Grade 9
Quarter 3 Module 1 - Unintentional Injury: Prevention, Safety and First Aid
First Edition, 2020

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 9
HEALTH
Quarter 3 – Module 1
Unintentional Injury:
Prevention, Safety and First Aid
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our
dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at
home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide
you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on
lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on
completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher
are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks
on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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Lesson Emergency Assessment:
How to conduct survey of the
1 scene and the victim?
Let Us Learn!
At the end of this lesson, the learner will be able to:

• assess emergency situation for unintentional injuries

(H9IS-IIIb-38); and
• demonstrate the conduct of primary and secondary survey of the
victim (H9S-IIIa-15).

Let Us Try!
Below are the steps in assessing emergency situations. Determine
the correct order of these steps by writing numbers 1 to 5 on the
blank.
_____ Open the airway.
_____ Check for breathing.
_____ Look for signs of circulation.
_____ Detect the presence of danger.
_____ Move to the most silent victim.

Let Us Study
Hello there, learner! The lesson 1 presents the proper procedures in
assessing emergency situations for unintentional injuries and in
doing the primary and secondary surveys of the victims. It is expected
that at the end of this lesson, you can confidently and properly demonstrate
these procedures as you go through the various learning activities that
follow.

Activity 1: What did you do?

Have you experienced or witnessed an emergency situation or
anything that is life threatening (e.g vehicular accident, a person who got
drowned)? If yes, what did you do first? If you havn’t encountered one, what
will you do if you’re in that situation?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Reading Time

Vital signs are measures that show how well the body is performing its
basic functions. It includes body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate
and blood pressure that are constantly monitored by health care providers.

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In order to know if a person has a medical problem, vital signs are measured
in a hospital, at home, or at the site of a medical emergency (John Hopkins
Medicine, 2021).

For many years, health care providers and first aider follow the
Airway, Breathing and Circulation (A-B-C) in giving cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) to patients. However, in a journal published by the
American Heart Association in 2010, the A-B-C sequence of CPR was
rearranged to Circulation, Airway and Breathing (C-A-B). According to
Michael Sayre, M.D., co-author of the guidelines and chairman of the
American Heart Association’s Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC)
Committee, the A-B-C approach causes delays in starting chest
compressions, which are essential for keeping oxygen-rich blood circulating
through the body. By changing the order of CPR to C-A-B, health care
providers are allowed to start chest compressions right away (Doria, J. et.
al., 2014).

Survey of the Victim

1. Primary survey of the victim is used when the victim is unconscious

and to find out immediately treat life-threatening conditions.

• Ask the victim: "Hey, hey, are you okay?" while carefully
shaking the victim's shoulder.
• When there is no reponse, not even mumbles or groans, the
1. Check for victim is unconscious and in need of immdiate medical
Consciousness help.

• Lift the chin and tilt the head of the victim (if the victim is
an adult). This way you will be able to lift the tongue from
2. Open the the back of the throat, leaving the airway clear.
Airway

• Put your face near the victim's mouth and look, listen, and
feel for breathing. You should observe for chest movement,
3. Check for soumd of breathing, or feel of breath on your cheek.
Breathing

•Locate pulse using your middle and index finger. Pulse indicates
blood circulation, which is essential for the heart and brain to
function.
4. Check for •Poor circulation may be reflected on the pale color of the skin.
Circulation •To revive circulation, perform CPR immediately.

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2. Secondary survey is used when the victim is conscious or has
revived. It aims to detect everything about the patient’s condition.

A. History Taking

SAMPLE PAIN is the mnemonic in order to perform the steps more

easily.

S-ymptoms (the chief complaint of the patient)

A-llergy (find out if the victim is allergic to anything)
M-edication (what are the medicines he/she is currently taking)
P-revious illness (that may be related to the problem)
L-ast meal (only for those subject for operation)
E-vents prior to what happened

P-eriod of pain (How long? What started it?)

A-rea (Where is the pain coming from?)
I-ntensity
N-ullify (What stopped it?)

B. Checking for Vital Signs

I. Pulse rate
▪ Steps in checking the pulse:
1. Place the finger tip over an artery where it either crosses a
bone or lies close to the skin.
2. Feel the pulsations as the pressure wave of blood causes
the vessel wall to expand – that is the pulse.

▪ The pulse rate may be taken in different points in the body:

brachial, carotid, wrist, temporal, subclavian, axillary, and
femoral.

▪ NO-NO in Getting Pulse Rate

- Never use your thumb; it has its own pulse.
- Do not palpate both the carotid arteries at the same
time.
- Do not take the pulse when the victim is in sitting
position. Pulsations disappear as the victim is elevated
to a sitting position.
- Never put too much pressure or massage the carotid.
You may disturb the heart’s electrical conduction
system.

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 Normal Pulse Rate (beats per minute)
60 – 70 bpm Men
70 – 80 bpm Women
80 – 90 bpm Children over 7 years old
80 – 120 bpm Children over 1-7

II. Temperature
Guidelines in checking temperature:
▪ It is important to monitor temperature in the case of stroke
and high fever.
▪ Body temperature is measured by using a thermometer
within the:
1. Rectum (rectal)
2. Oral (mouth)
3. Axillary (armpit)

III. Respiration
Guidelines in checking temperature:
▪ Count the number of breaths per minute.
▪ A whistle sound or wheeze and difficulty in breathing may
mean an asthma attack.
▪ A gurgling or snoring noise and difficulty in breathing may
mean that the tongue, mucous or something else is stuck
in the throat and does not let enough air to get through.
▪ Between 15-20 breaths per minute are normal for adults
and older children; 40 breaths per minute are normal for
babies.

IV. Skin Color

Guidelines in checking skin color:
▪ Skin color reflects the circulation of blood and the
saturation of oxygen in the blood.
▪ The presence of mucous around the mouth, inner eyelids,
and nail beds is a sign of poor blood circulation.
▪ A healthy skin is warm and pink because blood flows
normally in the blood vessels.

C. Head to Toe Examination

I. Head and Neck

▪ Are there any lacerations or contusions in the area?
▪ Is there a presence of blood in the victim’s hair? If yes,
immediately find out where it is coming from.
▪ Is there any fluid in the victim’s nose and ears? If so, the
victim has a skull fracture.

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 II. Eyes
▪ Pay close attention to the pupils.

Pupil Appearance Assessment

Dilated pupil State of shock
Very small pupils Poison or use of prohibited drugs
Head injury that requires
Different size
immediate attention
Small and bright Pupils are reactive
No reaction Death

III. Chest
▪ Check for cuts, bruises, penetrations, and other
impairments.
▪ If the victim feels pain while you apply pressure onto
his/her chest, there could be a rib fracture.

IV. Abdomen
▪ Does the victim’s abdomen hurt? Where is the pain coming
from?
▪ Is his/her abdomen tender?
▪ Did you feel any lumps? If yes, get immediate medical
assistance.

V. Back
▪ Is there movement in the victim’s lower extremities?
▪ Is there sensation in these parts? If the answer is yes, do
not move the victim. Immobilize him/her.

Top 10 things to do in case of emergency

1. Shout for HELP!

2. Survey the scene and assess the situation.
3. Determine if the accident warrants a visit to the nearest hospital or if
simple cleansing and band aid will do.
4. If you are certified in CPR and a victim needs it, begin CPR right away.
5. Stop the bleeding, if there is any.
6. Treat any symptoms of shock.
7. Look for the medical alert tag in every victim.
8. Seek trained medical assistance.
9. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious victim.
10. Wait for medical professional to arrive.

(Adopted from the P.E and Health 9 Learner’s Material)

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 EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
(Adopted from the Red Cross Manual)

•Is the scene safe? If yes, proceed to the next steps. If no, do not
STEP 1 attempt to go to the accident. Call emergency Medical Services
instead.

STEP 2 •Make sure the victim is lying on his back. If not, roll the victim.

•Check for responsiveness by gently tapping the shoulder of the

STEP 3 victim saying: "Hey,hey,hey are you okay?"

STEP 4 •If there is no response, call for help immediately.

•Do the primary survey of the victim.

•Airway - check if there is blockage in the airway (if yes, take it out using your
STEP 5 pinky finger in a scooping motion.
•Breathing-use the maximum head-tilt-chin-lift method and look-listen-feel
(if negative, perform rescue breathing)
•Circulation-use carotid pulse (if negative, go to Step 6)

•While applying maximum head-tilt-chin-lift method, pinch the

STEP 6 nose and give 2 initial full breaths to the victims.

•Take off the clothes of the victim that can block the compression
STEP 7 area.

•Perform CPR on the victim.

STEP 8 •Do 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths.

•If the victim is revived, do the secondary survey of the victim. If

STEP 9 not, continue performing CPR while waiting for the rescue team.
•Do the secondary survey. Record all the data and surrender to the rescue
team.
• Interview
•S - ymptoms
•A - llergy
•M - edication
•P - ast medical history
•L - ast oral intake
•E - vents prior to the accident
•Vital Signs. carefully check the following vital signs:
•Eyes: dilated-shock;constricted-stroke or drug abuse; pupils are
unequal-stroke or head injury
STEP 10 •Nose: watery-fracture or skull injury
•Skin: buish-lacking oxygen (cyanosis)
•Body temperature
•Blood pressure
•Head-to-Toe Examination. Check for the following:
•D-eformity
•C-ontusions
•A-brasions
•P-unctures
•B-urns
•T-enderness
Let U •L-acerations
•S-welling

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 Let Us Practice
Now that you already know how to assess emergency situations and
to conduct survey on the victims, let us try to apply them in the given
situation below. Analyze the scenario carefully and answer the following
questions.
After a strong earthquake, you see many
victims wounded from falling objects.
Some are conscious, some are not.

Process Questions:
1. Why is it important to assess the situation first before proceeding to
the primary and secondary survey of the victim?
2. When should a primary survey of the victim be used?
3. When should a secondary survey of the victim be used?

Let Us Practice More

Analyze the given situation carefully. Try to arrange the following
actions that one should follow in responding to emergency situations.
Write numbers 1 to 7 in determining the correct sequence of performing a
survey of the scene and the victim.

Situation:
While you walk heading towards home, you witnessed a vehicular accident.
You saw your classmate lying on his stomach and unconscious. How will
you respond to this situation?
_____ Gently move the victim’s body to lie on his back.
_____ Palpate the carotid pulse to check the circulation.
_____ Open the airway using the head tilt-chin lift method.
_____ Look out for any threat or danger in the surrounding.
_____ Call for help immediately if the victim is unresponsive.
_____ Check for responsiveness by gently tapping the victim’s
shoulder.
_____ Check for breathing by looking, listening and feeling the victim’s
breath.
_____ If there is a pulse, wait for help to arrive

Let Us Remember
Now that you already know the proper procedures of assessing
emergency situations and doing primary and secondary survey of
victims. Let us remember these important concepts and information.

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 • The new guideline in giving cardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR to
patients or victims follows the sequence of Circulation, Airway, and
Breathing (CAB) which allows first aiders and medical professionals to
begin chest compressions immediately.
• Signs and symptoms differ from each other. Signs are objective
evidences that can be observed by our senses such as bleeding and
swelling which can be seen and touched. On the other hand,
symptoms are subjective evidences that can only be felt and
experienced by the patient or victim like pain and nausea.
• There are two ways to conduct physical examination when giving first
aid. Primary survey of the victim is used when a patient or victim is
unconscious. Its purpose is to check for any life-threatening
conditions and to give immediate treatment such as performing CPR
when necessary. Secondary survey is used when the patient or victim
is awake or has recovered. It includes taking the patient’s history and
checking for vital signs.
• It is important to assess the situation first before proceeding to
primary and secondary survey of the patient or victim. Remember that
safety for both the victim and rescuer is the top priority. If the scene is
not safe, call for emergency medical services such as 911 instead.

Let Us Assess
Multiple Choice. To check your understanding about this lesson,
answer the following questions. Read each item carefully and choose
the letter of your answer.

_____1. You witnessed a vehicular accident on your way home. What will you
do FIRST in this emergency situation?
A. Call for help. C. Do a head-to-toe examination.
B. Survey if the scene is safe. D. Check the patient’s vital signs.
_____2. What is the ratio of compressions to breaths when performing
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?
A. 20 compressions: 1 breath C. 30 compressions: 1 breath
B. 20 compressions: 2 breaths D. 30 compressions: 2 breaths

_____3. When is the primary survey of the victim done?

A. When the victim is awake
B. During the survey of the scene
C. When the victim is unconscious
D. After the victim has regained consciousness

_____4. You are performing a secondary survey on a victim who had a motor
accident. You noticed that he is bleeding excessively. Which of the
following signs are you expecting to observe?
A. skin is warm to touch C. breathing becomes difficult
B. pupils become very small D. skin’s color becomes bluish
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_____5. After a fire incident in your school, you see your classmates lying
down at the bottom of the stairs. Some are unconscious, crying,
wounded and injured. Who will you help FIRST?
A. Those who have broken legs
B. Those who have wounds on the head
C. Those who have a fracture on one arm
D. Those who have collapsed due to head injury

Let Us Enhance
To enhance your understanding about this topic, make your own
simple concept map showing the steps in assessing emergency
situations. An example is given below for your reference.

Let Us Reflect
Reflect on the question below and write your thoughts about it in 1
to 2 sentences only.

Why is it important to follow the proper procedures in assessing

emergency situations and in doing basic life support (primary and
secondary survey of the victim)?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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 10
Let Us Practice
More
2
Let Us Assess 7 Let Us Try
5
1. B 3
1
2. D 4 4
3. C 3 5
4. D 6 1
5. D 8 2
Answer key
Lesson Management of Injuries:
How to apply dressing and
2 bandage?
Let Us Learn!
At the end of this lesson, the learner will be able to:

• explain the principles of wound dressing (H9IS-IIIc.d-40); and

• demonstrate appropriate bandaging techniques for common
unintentional injuries (H9IS-IIIc.d-41).

Let Us Try!
Matching Type. Match each term in column A to its correct
description or definition in column B. Choose the letter of your
answer.

Column A Column B

_____1. sprain A. a cut in the skin

_____2. wound B. ligaments are torn
_____3. bandage C. used to reduce swelling
_____4. dressing D. a sterile cloth used to cover wound
_____5. cold compress E. used to apply pressure to stop
bleeding

Let Us Study
Hello there, learner! In this lesson, you will learn the different
dressing and bandages used on wounds and burns. You will be
provided with information related to the topic. Read them carefully for you to
answer the learning activities that follow.

Activity 1: Reading Time

A dressing is a sterile pad or compress added to a wound in order to

facilitate healing and to protect the wound from further harm.

Techniques in Applying a Dressing

At the point when you have an injury, you should consistently cover it
with a dressing as this can help in reducing the risk of infection.

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 1. Wash hands and put on disposable, non-latex gloves prior to
contacting a dressing or wound.
2. Ensure that the pad covers past the wound's edge.
3. Hold the pad by the edges and place it directly on top of the wound.
Never touch the part of the pad that will be in contact with the wound.
4. Secure the pad with adhesive tape or roller bandage. Never wrap the
tape around the injured part as this could reduce the blood flow. Use
a roller bandage instead, if you need to control the bleeding. If you
have no pad or gauze available, a clean, non-fluffy material, such as
cloth, may be used.
(Adopted from https://www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/how-to/how-to-
apply-a-dressing/)

Cold compress is utilized to reduce swelling and relieve pain,

particularly used for injuries and strains. Hot compress is likewise used to
permit normal blood flow. These two are used alternately for closed wounds
and contusions.

Bandages are utilized to apply strain to seeping, for covering wounds

and consumes, and offering help for immobilization for broken bones,
injuries and strains. There are three main types of bandages namely:
triangular, ace, and tubular. Triangular bandage is made from cloth and can
be used as cold compress, padding, support for pressure, or support sling.
Ace bandage secures dressings in place. Tubular bandage is used to support
joints or hold dressings in place. Smaller tubular bandage used for finger
injuries.

Two Phases of Bandaging

A. For wounds on the top and back of the head, abdomen, back, wrist,
and foot, and as an arm sling, open phase bandaging is used.

B. For wounds requiring external support such as wounds on the eye,

forehead, neck, cheek, chin, back, hip, arm, thigh, forearm, knee, and
palm and for sprained ankle, a cravat step bandaging is used. The
narrower the cravat, the greater the pressure it can provide.

FIGURE 1. Phases of Bandaging

(Adopted from P.E AND Health 9 Learner’s Module)

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Techniques in Bandaging
1. Take note of the following:
a. Always use square knot.
b. Keep the cloth sterile to avoid infection.
c. Always keep the ends.
2. Bandaging technique relies on the size and location of the injury, your
emergency treatment abilities, and materials within reach.
3. Tie or tape the bandage in place. Don't secure the bandage so tight
that fingers or toes become pale or blue.
4. Use its natural hollows when wrapping bandages around the body,
such as knees and ankles, to gently slip the bandage into place.
5. Secure the bandage with a tape, clips, or a bow or square knot.
Ensure that the bandages, especially the knots, do not touch the skin.

Wounds
Wounds are injuries that break the skin or other body tissues. It may
be closed in which there is no break or damage in the skin. It is called
hematoma or contusions. A wound may also be an open wound in which
there is a break in the skin.

Kinds of Open Wounds

1. Puncture is a small hole created by a long, pointy piece such as nail
or needle. A bullet can cause a puncture wound occasionally.
2. Abrasion happens when your skin rubs or scratches against a harsh
or hard surface. Street rash is an illustration of a scraped area.
3. Laceration is a deep cut or tearing of the skin. Knives, instruments,
and equipment collisions are common sources of lacerations.
4. Avulsion is a partial or absolute tearing away of the skin and the
surrounding tissue usually caused by violent accidents.
(Adopted from https://www.healthline.com/health/open-wound#types)

How to Manage wounds:

A. To manage hematoma, we use the mnemonic RICE:
1. Rest the injured part
2. Ice to reduce swelling
3. Compression
4. Elevation
B. First Aid for Open Wounds with Severe Bleeding
1. Identify the source of bleeding.
2. Wash your hands and, whenever the situation allows, wear gloves
or use a barrier between you and the wound.
3. Remove any loose debris. Note: do NOT pull debris from a wound
that is embedded.
4. Protect the wound with a sterile or clean dressing, apply direct
pressure.
5. Unless there’s a suspected fracture, elevate the injured area above
the heart.
(Adopted from https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-wounds)

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 Let Us Practice
Hello, learner! Now, we will check your understanding about the
lesson. Write the step-by-step process of applying first aid for the
following wounds:

HEMATOMA
1. _________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________

OPEN WOUNDS WITH SEVERE BLEEDING

1. _________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________

Let Us Practice More

Analyze the different statements below and identify what phase of
bandaging must be applied for the wound. Write OPB for wounds
which require an open phase bandaging or CVP for cravat phase
bandaging.

_____1. Avulsion of the hand _____5. A wound on the forehead

_____2. A sprained ankle _____6. Use as arm sling
_____3. A laceration on the arms _____7. An abrasion on a cheek
_____4. A puncture on a foot _____8. A wound on back of head

Let Us Remember
Hello learner! We shall now check your learnings on the topic. Fill
in the blanks the correct word/s or phrases to complete the
following incomplete statements.

• Cold compress is used to reduce (1)____________________ and relieve

(2)____________________, especially used for sprains and strains. On
the other hand, hot compress allows normal (3)____________________.
• Bandages are used to apply (4)__________ to seeping, for (5)__________
wounds and burns, and providing (6)__________ for immobilization.
There are main types of bandages namely: (7)__________, (8)__________,
and (9)__________.
• A wound is a break in the continuity of a tissue in the body. It can
also be called (10) __________ or contusions.

14
 Let Us Assess
Hey, learner! List down some materials at home or in school that can
be used as dressings and bandages. Write them in the box. Include
their uses and importance.

Let Us Enhance
Read the following statements carefully, then write AGREE or
DISAGREE for each item in your worksheet and provide an
explanation for your response.

Let Us Reflect
Having a thorough knowledge about the proper ways of applying a
dressing and bandages is really important. Now, I would like to hear
your thoughts about the discussions we had.

How is dressing and bandaging helpful in managing injuries?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

15
 16
Let Us Remember
1. swelling
2. pain
3. blood flow
4. strain
5. covering
6. support
7. Triangular
8. Ace
9. Tubular
10. hematoma
Let Us Practice More Let Us Try
1. OPB 1. B
2. CVP 2. A
3. CVB 3. E
4. OPB 4. D
5. CVP 5. C
6. OPB
7. CVP
8. OPB
Answer key
Lesson Common Unintentional Injuries:
How to do first aid, carry and
3 transport?
Let Us Learn!
At the end of this module, the learner will be able to:

• demonstrate proper techniques in carrying and transporting the

victim of unintentional injuries (H9IS-IIIe-f-42); and
• demonstrate proper first aid procedures for common
unintentional injuries (H9IS-IIIg-h-43).

Let Us Try!
Multiple Choice. Read each statement/question carefully. Choose
the letter of your answer.

_____1. What do you call the immediate care given to an injured person
before the arrival of a physician?
A. First aid C. Chest compression
B. Intensive care D. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

_____2. Which is used to transport an unconscious victim who should not be

lifted due to serious injuries?
A. chair drag C. lover’s carry
B. blanket drag D. hammock carry

_____3. Suppose that you are a member of the Red Cross Youth School
Council. While learning basketball in your PE class, one of your
classmates was injured. As a first aider, what will you do FIRST?
A. Apply ice C. Elevate the injured part
B. Rest the injured part D. Compress the injured part

_____4. You are helping a friend who fell from a tree and dislocated his arm.
Which of the following actions will you avoid as it may cause more
harm?
A. Immobilize the affected arm by splinting
B. Try to fix the dislocated arm by applying force
C. Apply ice on the injured arm to reduce swelling
D. Apply direct pressure on the wound if there is bleeding

_____5. What should your FIRST action be when treating an electrical burn?
A. Check for level of response.
B. Wash the burn with cold water.
C. Ensure that the casualty is still breathing.
D. Check for danger and ensure that the contact with the electrical
source is broken

17
 Let Us Study
Hello there, learner! The lesson 3 presents the proper techniques in
carrying and transporting an injured person and the proper first aid
procedures for common unintentional injuries. It is expected that at the end
of this lesson, you can confidently and properly demonstrate these
procedures as you go through the various learning activities that follow.

Activity 1: Reading Time!

Transporting an injured person to a safer place requires great care. A

first aider must undergo proper training. When doing this, a first aider must
consider the following factors:

a. Weight and height of the victim

b. Status of the victim (conscious or ujconscious)
c. Environment (safe, floor is smooth, narrow or wide)
d. Special need considerations (injuries of the victims)

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(Adopted from the P.E. and Health 9 Learner’s Material)

19
 First Aid for Common Unintentional Injuries
Injury First Aid
1. Fracture is a break or a. Check vital signs.
a crack in a bone. An b. Do not move the injured part.
open fracture pierces c. Stop bleeding if there is any.
the skin surface while d. If you have to move the person, immobilize the
in a closed fracture, the broken part by splinting.
skin above is intact. e. Seek medical help immediately.

2. Dislocation is a partial a. Call for help immediately.

or complete b. Splint the affected part.
displacement of the c. Do not try to move a dislocated part or force it
bones. back into place.
d. Apply ice on the injured part to reduce swelling.

3. Sprain is an injury to a. Rest the injured part.

the ligaments of a bone b. Apply ice.
due to accidental c. Compress the injured part.
tearing or d. Elevate the injured part.
overstretching.

Strain is an injury to
the muscles which is a
result of improper use
of the muscle.

4. Heat exhaustion is a. Transport a victim to a cool place.

caused by loss of salt b. Give him/her plenty of water.
and water due to c. Check for vital signs.
excessively high d. Seek medical help.
temperature. This may
lead to heatstroke and
even death.

5. Food poisoning is a. Help the person to lie down and rest.

caused by consuming b. Give him plenty of flavories fluids to drink and
food or drink that is a bowl to use if he vomits.
contaminated with c. Call for medical help if the condition worsens.
bacteria or viruses.
6. Choking results when a. Ask the person if he is choking.
a foreign object blocks b. Encourage him/her to cough.
the throat. c. When the person cannot speak or stops coughing,
give him five back blows. Stand behind him and
help him lean forward. Support his chest with one
hand, and give him five sharp blows between the
shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.
d. If back blows fail, try abdominal thrusts. Stand
behind the person and put your arms around
the upper part of his abdomen. Clench your fist
with thumbs inward. Place it between navel and
the bottom of breastbone. Grasp your fist with
your other hand. Pull sharply inwards and
upwards up to five times.

20
 e. Check his mouth. If obstruction is not cleared,
repeat the back blows and abdominal thrust.
f. If obstruction still has not cleared, call for an
ambulance. Continue until help arrives.

7. Drowning happens a. Lay the person down on his/her back.

when air cannot get b. Check breathing and open the airway.
into the lungs because c. Give rescue breaths and chest compression if
of water. It can cause necessary.
immediate death when d. If the person is breathing, place him/her in the
taken for granted. recovery position.
e. Treat for hypothermia by removing wet clothing
and covering him/her with a dry blanket.

8. Heart attack is caused a. Help the person sit or lie down with head elevated.
by a sudden b. Call for medical help.
obstruction of blood c. If the person is conscious give him/her a full-
supply to the part of dose aspirin and advise him/her to chew it slowly.
the heart muscles. d. Constantly monitor the vital signs. Be prepared
to give rescue breasts and chest compression.

9. Chemical burns may a. Make sure that contact with the electrical source is
occur when electricity broken.
passes through the b. Flood the sites of injury at the entry and exit
body. points of the current with plenty of cold water.
c. Wear disposable gloves and place a sterile dressing
or a bandage over the burn to protect it from
airborne infection.
d. Call for medical help.
e. Reassure the victim and treat for shock.

10. Burns are often due to a. For minor burns, flood the injured area with
domestic incidents cold water for at least how long to stop burning
such as touching a hot and relieve pain.
iron, friction (rope b. Put on the gloves and cover the area with sterile
burn) or spilling boiling non-adhesive dressing or bandage.
water on the skin. c. For severe burns, help the person to lie down
and prevent the burnt area from coming into
contact with the ground. Douse the burn with
plenty of cold liquid.
d. Seek for medical assistance. Do not delay
medical help.
e. Wear disposable gloves and gently remove any
rings, watches, belts, shoes, or smoldering
clothing before the tissues begin to swell.
f. Carefully remove any burnt clothing, unless it is
sticking to the skin. Cover the burnt area with
non-adhesive dressing and bandage.
g. Continue to monitor vital signs.
h. Reassure casualty and treat for shock.

11. Heat stroke is caused a. Move the person immediately to a cool place.
by a failure of the b. Remove as much of his outer clothing as possible.

21
 “thermostat” in the c. Call for medical help.
brain to regulate body d. Wrap the person in a cold, wet sheet and keep
temperature. When this the sheet well until his temperature drops to 38
happens, the body C or 37.5 C under the tongue or armpit,respectively.
becomes seriously e. If the person has returned to normal
heated. temperature, replace wet sheet with a dry one.
f. Monitor vital signs until help arrives.
g. If temperature rises, repeat the cooling process.

12. Stroke is a condition in a. If the person is conscious, help him to lie down
which the blood supply with his head and shoulders slightly raised and
to a part of the brain is supported.
suddenly and seriously b. Incline his head to the affected side and place a
impaired by a blood clot towel on his shoulder to absorb any dribbling.
or ruptured blood c. Call for help.
vessel. d. Loosen any tight clothing.
e. Monitor vital signs and reassure the victim.
f. If the victim is unconscious, give rescue
breathing and chest compression.
g. Call for an ambulance or call for help.
(Adopted from the P.E. and Health 9 Learner’s Material)

Let Us Practice
Now that you already know how to demonstrate the proper
techniques in carrying and transporting victims and the proper first
aid procedures for common unintentional injuries, let us try to apply them
through this learning activity.

Activity 1: “How Will You Bring Me to A Safe Place?”

An injured person needs your help. You are to bring her to a safe place. How
are you going to do that? Study the situations and determine the kind of
transport that should be used. Complete the table below.

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Situations …
No. of
Available Kind of
First Status of Injured Person Must Do
Materials Transport
Aider
Unconscious
1 None Has no injury on arm,
leg, rib, neck, and back
Experiencing a very
1 Malong serious injury and
should not be lifted
Unconscious
1 None
Fat
2 None Unconscious
Injured
person will be
3 None Unconscious
carried on his
back or face
Process Question:
1. In what emergency situations can we apply these transporting
techniques?

Let Us Practice More

Activity: “Emergency! Emergency! What will I do?”

You will be given with different situations of unintentional injuries.

Based on these situations, you need to do the necessary, immediate and
appropriate action. Write your action and complete the table below.
Situation Immediate Action To Be Taken
1. Your younger brother/sister cuts
his/her finger with a knife.

2. your friend falls down the stairs

from the 2nd floor and can hardly
stand.
3. A man in the street is bumped by
a car.

4. Your mother accidentally touches

a hot pan.
5. Your classmate has drunk poison.

Process Questions:
1. Who are victims of accidents? Where do accidents happen?
2. Are these situations preventable? How?
3. What will you do if these happen?
4. Why do we need to give immediate action to an emergency situation?

23
 Let Us Remember
Complete the unfinished statements below.

1. Knowledge and skills in first aid are important because ___________.

2. It is important that first aiders perform proper technique of carrying
and transporting because _______________________________________.
3. As a student, I can be a first aider by ____________________________.

Let Us Assess
Read each statement carefully. Write (√) if the following actions are
appropriate and (X) if not.

_____1. Lisa insists that his unconscious sister drink water.

_____2. Keith immediately brings his friend who fell down the stairs to the
school clinic
_____3. Michael makes use of his clean handkerchief to tie his best friend’s
bleeding arm.
_____4. Using the piggy back technique, John carries his classmate who
suddenly fainted.
_____5. Two responders use a chair to transport a student who was
accidentally injured in the classroom.

Let Us Enhance
Activity: Thinking of Others

If you were the SK Chairman of your barangay, will you offer First Aid
skill straining to the youth of your community? Why? How will you do this?
Present an Action Plan with the following parts:

a. Goals/Target
b. Participants
c. Resource Person/Guest Speakers
d. Venue
e. Estimated Budget
f. Desired Outcome

Let Us Reflect
Unintentional injuries cannot be avoided. It happens at any time, at
any place to anybody. We must therefore practice safety awareness
at all times.

But when injuries happen, appropriate knowledge and skills of the

proper application on first aid could greatly help in alleviating pain,
preventing further injury, prolonging, and even save lives.

24
 25
Let us Enhance Let us Try!
1. X
2. X 1. A
3. √ 2. B
4. X 3. B
5. √ 4. B
5. D
Answer key to Activities
Post Assessment
Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully and choose the letter of your
answer.

_____1. What do you call the immediate care given to an injured person
before the arrival of a physician?
A. First Aid C. Chest Compression
B. Intensive Care D. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

_____2. When a first aider does not alarm a victim, what characteristic does
he/she show?
A. gentleness C. resourcefulness
B. being observant D. tactfulness

_____3. When is primary survey of the victim done?

A. When the victim is conscious
B. During the survey of the scene
C. When the victim is unconscious
D. After the victim has regained consciousness

_____4. What is used to stop bleeding and provide support for immobilization
of a fracture?
A. bandage B. dressing C. cold compress D. hot compress

_____5. What open wound is caused by nails, needles and other pointed
objects?
A. avulsion B. incision C. laceration D. puncture

_____6. Which is used to transport an unconscious victim who should not be

lifted due to serious injuries?
A. blanket drag C. hammock carry
B. chair drag D. lover’s carry

_____7. Which is a break in the continuity of the tissue in the body?

A. fracture B. laceration C. sprain D. wound

_____8. What sterile cloth is used to cover a wound?

A. bandage B. dressing C. cold compress D. hot compress

_____9. What is the first thing to do in assessing an emergency situation?

A. Call for help C. Do a head-to-toe examination
B. Survey if the scene is safe D. Check the vital signs of the victim

_____10. Which is an objective of first aid?

A. To prolong life
B. To intensify suffering
C. To end the services of a physician
D. To bridge the gap between the victim and the physician

26
_____11. Which of these actions is considered inappropriate and not safe?
A. applying direct pressure on the wound to stop the bleeding
B. immobilizing the victim’s broken leg before transporting him/her
C. giving drinking water to an unconscious person in an attempt to
revive him/her
D. flooding the burned skin with running water for as long as it needs
to stop burning and relieve pain

_____12. Suppose that you are a member of the Red Cross Youth School
Council. While learning basketball in your PE class, one of your
classmates was injured. As a first aider, what will you do FIRST?
A. Apply ice C. Elevate the injured part
B. Rest the injured part D. Compress the injured part

_____13. Which of the following DOES NOT apply in carrying and

transporting an unconscious victim?
A. Blanket drag C. Piggy back
B. Fireman’s carry D. Shoulder drag

_____14. You witnessed a vehicular accident on your way home. What will
you do FIRST in this emergency situation?
A. Call for help. C. Do a head-to-toe examination
B. Survey if the scene is safe. D. Check the vital signs of the victim

_____15. After a fire incident in your school, you see your classmates lying
down at the bottom of the stairs. Some are unconscious, crying,
wounded and injured. Who will you help FIRST?
A. Those who have broken legs
B. Those who have wounds on the head
C. Those who have a fracture on one arm
D. Those who have collapsed due to head injury

27
 References

“The Importance of Hygiene in Wound Care,” Advance Tissue, accessed December

27, 2020, https://advancedtissue.com/2016/05/the-importance-of-hygiene-in-
woundcare/#:~:text=Hygiene%20influences%20basic%20wound%20healing,it%20
comes%20to%20infection%20control.

Jose P. Doria et. al., Physical Education and Health Learner’s Material Quezon
City, Department of Education, 2014, 319-365

“Wounds, First Aid,” Skinsight, accessed February 2, 2021,

https://www.skinsight.com/skin-conditions/first-aid/first-aid-wounds

“How to apply a dressing,” St John Ambulance, accessed February 2, 2021,

dressing - https://www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/how-to/how-to-
apply-a-dressing/

“First Aid: Bandaging,” Saint Luke’s, accessed February 2, 2021,

https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/first-aid-bandaging

Julie Roddick, “Open Wound,” What is an open wound, September 17, 2018,
https://www.healthline.com/health/open-wound

John Hopkins Medicine. (2021). Retrieved from hopkinsmedicine.org:

https://www.google.com/amp/s/.www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-
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