Scribd
Upload
379 views

Tutorial #3 #Problems

This document contains 21 fluid mechanics review problems and their answers. It provides conceptual questions related to fluid forces on gates, cylindrical weirs, floating objects, balloons attached to mooring lines, rods and blocks submerged in water, nozzles, spray heads, jets propelling carts, tanks feeding jets, and more. The problems calculate things like forces, tensions, accelerations, velocities, distances, and ratios based on fluid properties and system configurations.

Uploaded by

Aisha Abuzgaia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
379 views

Tutorial #3 #Problems

This document contains 21 fluid mechanics review problems and their answers. It provides conceptual questions related to fluid forces on gates, cylindrical weirs, floating objects, balloons attached to mooring lines, rods and blocks submerged in water, nozzles, spray heads, jets propelling carts, tanks feeding jets, and more. The problems calculate things like forces, tensions, accelerations, velocities, distances, and ratios based on fluid properties and system configurations.

Uploaded by

Aisha Abuzgaia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

INSTRUCTORE: Dr : Tuhami Jaballa E- Malik Farag Gema Elmzughi

FLUID MECHANICS University of Tripoli TUTORIAL #3– Fall 2018


ME312 MECHANICAL & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Review Problems
 Conceptual Questions

1-The gate shown is 1.5 m wide and pivoted at O; a=1.0 m-2, D=1.20 m,
and H=1.40 m. Determine (a) the magnitude and moment of the vertical
component of the force about O, and (b) the horizontal force that must be
applied at point A to hold the gate in position.
Answer (FA = 5.71KN)

2- The parabolic gate shown is 2 m wide and pivoted at O; c=0.25 m-1, D=2
m, and H=3 m. Determine (a) the magnitude and line of action of the vertical
force on the gate due to the water, (b) the horizontal force applied at A
required to maintain the gate in equilibrium, and (c) the vertical force
applied at A required to maintain the gate in equilibrium.
Answer (FAH = 34.8KN, FAV = 30.2KN)

3- Consider the cylindrical weir of diameter 3 m and length 6 m. If the fluid


on the left has a specific gravity of 1.6, and on the right has a specific gravity
of 0.8, find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force.
Answer (F = 577KN,𝜶 = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟑° 𝒅𝒆𝒈)

3-A block of volume 0.025 m3 is allowed to sink in water as shown. A


circular rod 5 m long and 20 cm2 in cross-section is attached to the weight
and also to the wall. If them rod mass is 1.25 kg and the rod makes an angle
of 12 degrees with the horizontal at equilibrium, what is the mass of the
block?
Answer (𝜶 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟖° 𝒅𝒆𝒈)

4- The uniform 5-m-long round wooden rod in Fig


is tied to the bottom by a string. Determine (a) the
tension in the string and (b) the specific gravity of
the wood. Is it possible for the given information to
determine the inclination angle 𝜃? Explain.
Answer (T = 39N

5- The uniform rod in Fig. is hinged at point B on the waterline and


is in static equilibrium as shown when 2 kg of lead (SG = 11.4) are
attached to its end. What is the specific gravity of the rod material?
What is peculiar about the rest angle = 30?
Answer (SGrod = 0.63N)
6- The balloon in Fig. is filled with helium and pressurized to 135 kPa and
20°C. The balloon material has a mass of 85 g/m2. Estimate (a) the tension in
the mooring line and (b) the height in the standard atmosphere to which the
balloon will rise if the mooring line is cut.

Answer (Z= 12800m)

7- The uniform beam in Fig., of size L by h by b and with specific


weight 𝛾𝑏 , floats exactly on its diagonal when a heavy uniform sphere
is tied to the left corner, as shown. Show that this can only happen (a)
when 𝛾𝑏 = 𝛾/3 and (b) when the sphere has size

Answer ( )

8- A uniform block of steel (SG = 7.85) will “float’’ at a mercury-


water interface as in Fig. What is the ratio of the distances a and b for
this condition.
Answer (a/b = 0.834N)

9- A two-dimensional reducing bend has a linear


velocity profile at section 1, The flow is uniform at
sections 2 and 3. The fluid is incompressible and the
flow is steady. Find the maximum velocity, V1, max,
at section 1.

10- A large tank of height h=1 m and diameter D=0.75 m is affixed to


a cart as shown. Water issues from the tank through a nozzle of
diameter d=15 mm. The speed of the liquid leaving the tank is
approximately V =√2gy , where y is the height from the nozzle to the
free surface. Determine the tension in the wire when y=0.9 m. Plot the
tension in the wire as a function of water depth for 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.9 m.
Answer (T = 1.23N)
11- A jet of water issuing from a stationary nozzle at 10 m/s (Aj=0.1 m2) strikes a
turning vane mounted on a cart as shown. The vane turns the jet through angle
θ=40o. Determine the value of M required to hold the cart stationary. If the vane
angle θ is adjustable, plot the mass, M, needed to hold the cart stationary versus θ
for 0 ≤ θ ≤1800.
Answer (M = 409Kg)

12- A conical spray head is shown. The fluid is water and


the exit stream is uniform. Evaluate (a) the thickness of the
spray sheet at 400 mm radius and (b) the axial force exerted
by the spray head on the supply pipe.
Answer (Fy = 3.63KN)

13-A farmer purchases 675 kg of bulk grain from the local co-op. The grain is loaded into his pickup truck
from a hopper with an outlet diameter of 0.3 m. The loading operator determines the payload by observing
the indicated gross mass of the truck as a function of time. The grain flow from the hopper (m= 40 kg/s) is
terminated when the indicated scale reading reaches the desired gross mass. If the grain density is 600
kg/m3, determine the true payload.

Answer (M = 671Kg)

14- A 300 reducing elbow is shown. The


fluid is water. Evaluate the components of
force that must be provided by the adjacent
pipes to keep the elbow from moving.

Answer (Fx = 1040N, Fy = 667N)

15-A jet of water is directed against a vane, which could be a blade in


a turbine or in any other piece of hydraulic machinery. The water leaves
the stationary 40-mm-diameter nozzle with a speed of 25 m/s and enters
the vane tangent to the surface at A. The inside surface of the vane at B
makes angle θ = 150_ with the x direction. Compute the force that must
be applied to maintain the vane speed constant at U = 5 m/s.
Answer (Fx = 822N, Fy = 220N)
16- A steady jet of water is used to propel a small cart
along a horizontal track as shown. Total resistance to
motion of the cart assembly is given by FD = kU2, where
k = 0.92 N. s2/m2. Evaluate the acceleration of the cart at
the instant when its speed is U = 10 m/s.
Answer (axf=13.5m/s2)

17-A cart is propelled by a liquid jet issuing horizontally from


a tank as shown. The track is horizontal; resistance to motion
may be neglected. The tank is pressurized so that the jet speed
may be considered constant. Obtain a general expression for
the speed of the cart as it accelerates from rest. If M0 =100 kg,
ρ = 999 kg/m3, and A = 0.005 m2, find the jet speed V required
for the cart to reach a speed of 1.5 m/s after 30 seconds. For this
condition, plot the cart speed U as a function of time. Plot the
cart speed after 30 seconds as a function of jet speed.
Answer (V=0.61m/s)

18- A rectangular block of mass M, with vertical faces,


rolls on a horizontal surface between two opposing jets
as shown. At t = 0 the block is set into motion at speed
U0. Subsequently, it moves without friction parallel to
the jet axes with speed U(t). Neglect the mass of any
liquid adhering to the block compared with M. Obtain
general expressions for the acceleration of the block,
a(t), and the block speed, U(t).

19-The water tank in Fig. stands on a frictionless cart


and feeds a jet of diameter 4 cm and velocity 8 m/s,
which is deflected 60° by a vane. Compute the tension
in the supporting cable.
Answer (T = 40N)

20- The model car in Fig. weighs 17 N and is to be


accelerated from rest by a 1-cm-diameter water jet
moving at 75 m/s. Neglecting air drag and wheel
friction, estimate the velocity of the car after it has
moved forward 1 m.

Answer (V = 24.6m/s)
21- For the container of Fig. use Bernoulli’s equation to derive a formula for the
distance X where the free jet

You might also like