Earth and Life Science

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Rocks
Earth and Life Science
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Rocks
First Edition, 2020

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Jocelyn M. Manset
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Earth and Life Science
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Rocks
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on Rocks!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

i
For the learner:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Lesson 4 Rocks!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is
capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at
your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

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 This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iii
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the properties of minerals. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level
of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook
you are now using.

The module covers:

● Lesson 1 – Types of Rocks and their Properties

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the three types of rocks;
2. classify rocks as to igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; and
3. appreciate the importance of rocks in our daily life.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Rocks vary in color, size, texture and shape. They are classified based
on how they were formed. Which of the following deals with the study
of rocks?
A. Biology B. Geology C. Paleontology D. Petrology

2. Halite is made when a body of seawater becomes closed off and evaporates
and salt precipitates out and is deposited as crystallized halite. What type of
sedimentary rock is formed?

A. Clastic B. Chemical C. Organic D. Pyroclastic

3. Igneous rock is divided into two groups, extrusive and intrusive Extrusive igneous
rocks form when magma makes its way to its surface as lava and the cools
forming rocks. Which will be the characteristics of the crystals?
A. Crystals are very large.
B. Crystals are phaneritic.
C. Crystals are fine grained.
D. Crystals are coarse grained.

4. Regional metamorphism occurs due to changes in pressure and temperature

over a large region of the crust. It may happen when rock is buried deep below
the surface or where pieces of the Earth’s crust collide. Which is a metamorphic
rock?
A. Breccia B. Conglomerate C. Marble D. Sandstone

5. Igneous and metamorphic rock can be buried and undergo tremendous

heating and stress. What is the process of transformation of one rock type
into another?
A. Compaction B. Lithification C. Metamorphism D. weathering

6. What type of rocks are formed from sediments over long period of time?
A. Igneous Rocks C. Sedimentary Rocks
B. Metamorphic Rocks D. Minerals
7. Which type of rock is formed when heated and compressed over time?
A. Igneous C. Sedimentary
B. Metamorphic D. All of the above

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 8. What is the natural process that causes one kind of rock to change into another
kind?
A. weathering B. rock cycle C. Sediments D. Metamorphism

9. Which rock type is formed from hardened magma beneath the Earth’s
surface?
A. Intrusive metamorphic rock
B. Extrusive sedimentary rock
C. Intrusive igneous rock
D. Extrusive igneous rock

10. Which of the following is an example of an igneous rock?

A. Coal B. Granite C. Limestone D.Sandstone

11. Which of the following represents the correct order of the

processes responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks?
A. Compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion
B. Deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering
C. Erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition
D. Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

12. A student obtained a cup of quartz sand from a beach. A saltwater solution is
poured into the sand and is allowed to evaporate. Afterwards, the mineral residue
from salt water solution cemented the sand grains together. Which of the following
is most likely formed?
A. extrusive igneous rock
B. intrusive igneous rock
C. metamorphic rock
D. sedimentary rock

13. Which of the following is true about rocks?

A. Coal is not considered a rock.
B. Rocks do not contain minerals.
C. Most rocks are a mixture of minerals.
D.Rocks are composed of only one mineral.

14. What is the type of rock formed from lava that cools quickly that results to
finer grain and smaller size of crystals?
A. Extrusive igneous rock
B Intrusive igneous rock
C. Metamorphic rock
D. Sedimentary rock

15. In which type of rock can fossils be found?

A. Extrusive igneous rock C. Metamorphic rock
B. Intrusive igneous rock D. Sedimentary rock

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 Lesson

2 Rocks
Petrology is the scientific study of rocks. Rocks are combined aggregation of minerals.
Petrologist classified rocks based on how they were formed. In general, rocks are
classified as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock.

What’s In

This module contains activities that will enhance the teaching-learning process among
learners about the minerals. It deals with the characteristics of rocks and the properties
exhibited by the rock. As the learner answers the questions, they will able to classify
and understand the concepts about three types of rocks. They will understand the
process of their formation. Moreover, they will develop awareness on the importance of
rocks to our daily life.

Notes to the Teacher

This module aims to develop learner’s awareness on the
characteristics of rocks and the processes of their formation. This
further develop their skills in classifying the rocks.

1
 What’s New

Word Cryptogram

Directions: To come up with the correct answer for each number, unscramble the letters
by placing the correct letter sequence in the shaded box. Use number boxes to complete
the answer to the riddle below.

E M N I S T D A Y E R

S E D I M E N T A R Y

E M A I H T C P M E R

M E T A M O R P H I C

G E N O S U C O R I K

I G N E O U S R O C K

C A S I L T C

C L A S T I C

1 5

S T R A T O

1 2 3 4 5 6

Riddle: the layers of sediments that accumulated and carry the records of the Earth’s
history.

2
 What is It

Earth is a solid rock to a depth of 2,900 kilometers, where mantle meets the liquid outer
core. A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals. The
aggregate minerals forming the rocks are held together by chemical bonds. Grains can be
different in color, texture, and sizes. Geologists then group rocks into three categories
based on how the rocks form: igneous sedimentary and metamorphic rock. Petrology is
the scientific study of rocks. Petrologists classify rocks based on how they were formed.

Three types of Rocks

Igneous - formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten material that
originates deep within the earth.
Two types of igneous rock:
A. Extrusive/Volcanic rock - forms when magma makes its way to Earth’s surface
as lava and then cools. The crystals are very small (fine grained) since the cooling
process is fast.
B. Intrusive/Plutonic - It cools slowly beneath the Earth surface and are created by
magma. The intrusive igneous rocks have very large crystals (coarse grained).
Igneous rocks are classified based on
1. Composition
FELSIC - light in color; feldspar and silicates
MAFIC - dark in color; made up of magnesium and iron
INTERMEDIATE – between mafic and felsic
ULTRAMAFIC - very dark color
2. Texture- overall appearance of rock
Aphanistic - fine grained
Phaneritic- coarse grained
Porphyritic- large crystals with small crystals
Glassy- non-ordered solid from rapid quenching
Pyroclastic- composite of ejected fragments
Examples:
Obsidian, pumice, basalt, granite, diorite, gabbro

3
Sedimentary rocks provide information about surface conditions that existed in the
Earth’s past.
● Particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other fragments of materials called
sediments, accumulate in layers and over long period of time harden into rocks.
● Compaction-due to increase of pressure of layered sediments it bind together to
form the sedimentary rocks.

Three types of sedimentary rocks

a. Clastic Sedimentary rock - formed from accumulation of clasts: little pieces of
broken rocks and shells. Examples: conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, shale
b. Chemical - formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution.
Example: Halite - formed when a body of seawater becomes closed off and
evaporates.
c. Organic - rocks formed from the accumulation of animal debris
Example: Coal - composed of organic matter in the form of plants fragments.

4
Metamorphic - forms from pre-existing rocks: either metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary
Examples: Quartzite, marble, slate, phyllite

Metamorphism - transformation of one rock type into another.

2 types of metamorphism
1. Regional-due to changes in pressure and temperature over large region of
the crust
2. Contact-mainly by heat due to contact with magma.
Classification:
a. Texture - refers to the size arrangement ad grains within the rock.
b. Foliation - any planar arrangement of mineral grains or structural features
within the rock.
a. foliated - appeared banded or layered, contains crystals
Example: mica
b. Non-foliated - made up of only few minerals

5
Identify and classify the types of rocks below as to igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rock.

1.____________________ 2.____________________

3.____________________ 5.____________________

5.____________________

Collect at least five rock samples in your place and take a photo of the samples.
Describe the characteristics of each rock depending on their appearance, texture,
color, and layers (or bands). Then classify them as to igneous, sedimentary, or
metamorphic rock.

Type of Rock: _________________________________________

Description: ___________________________________________
Importance: ___________________________________________

Type of Rock: _________________________________________

Description: ___________________________________________
Importance: ___________________________________________

Type of Rock: _________________________________________

Description: ___________________________________________
Importance: ___________________________________________

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Type of Rock: _________________________________________
Description: ___________________________________________
Importance: ___________________________________________

Type of Rock: _________________________________________

Description: ___________________________________________
Importance: ___________________________________________

Type of Rock: _________________________________________

Description: ___________________________________________
Importance: ___________________________________________

7
 What’s More

Understanding Science Words

Crossword Puzzle
Answer the questions below that refer to the terms about the characteristics and
different types of rocks.

10O

9P

1C 7A C
2C

6E

8C

3M

I
4R

5P

ACROSS
1.rocks formed from accumulation of clasts little pieces
2. formation of igneous rocks due to hardening of magma
3. transformation of one rock type into another
4. combined aggregation of minerals
5. composed of ejected fragments
6. a.k.a. volcanic rock
7. fine grained rock

DOWN
8. sediments bind together due to increase in pressure
9. coarse grained
10. sedimentary rocks formed from plants and animals.

8
 What I Have Learned

Fill in the table below by providing basic information about the types of rocks. You
may refer to the words in the box below.

Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

Types

Examples

Process of
formation

WORD LISTS
Lithification pumice clastic
Metamorphism sandstone intrusive
Cooling andesite extrusive

Cementation slate non- clastic

Deposition marble contact
metamorphism

Fill in the Venn Diagram to determine the similarities and differences of the three
types of rocks.

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 What I Can Do

Reflect upon: Rocks are all around us. It is used for building materials, cars, roads, and
appliances. As a senior high school student, how can you promote the sustainable
development in utilizing these resources? Give some suggestions.
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_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Using the Internet, research three rocks of different types (igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic) and state their respective economic and medical significance in our
present society.
_____________________________________________________________________________
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10
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Rocks vary in color, size, texture and shape. They are classified based on how they
were formed. Which of the following deals with the study of rocks?
A. Biology B. Geology C. Paleontology D. Petrology

2. Halite is made when a body of seawater becomes closed off and evaporates and salt
precipitates out and is deposited as crystallized halite. What type of sedimentary
rock is formed?
A. Clastic B. Chemical C. Organic D. Pyroclastic

3. Igneous rock is divided into two groups, extrusive and intrusive Extrusive igneous
rocks form when magma makes its way to its surface as lava and the cools forming
rocks. Which will be the characteristics of the crystals?
A. Crystals are very large.
B. Crystals are phaneritic.
C. Crystals are fine grained.
D. Crystals are coarse grained.

4. Regional metamorphism occurs due to changes in pressure and temperature over

a large region of the crust. It may happen when rock is buried deep below the
surface or where pieces of the Earth’s crust collide. Which is a metamorphic
rock?
A. Breccia B. Conglomerate C. Marble D. Sandstone

5. Igneous and metamorphic rock can be buried and undergo tremendous

heating and stress. What is the process of transformation of one rock type
into another?
A. Compaction B. Lithification C. Metamorphism D. weathering

6. What type of rocks are formed from sediments over long period of time?
A. Igneous Rocks C. Metamorphic Rocks
B. Sedimentary Rocks D. Minerals

7. Which type of rock is formed when heated and compressed over time?
A. Igneous C. Sedimentary
B. Metamorphic D. All are correct

8. What is the natural process that causes one kind of rock to change into another
kind?
A. weathering B. rock cycle C. Sediments D. Metamorphism

11
9. Which rock type is formed from hardened magma beneath the Earth’s surface?
A. Intrusive metamorphic
rock B. Extrusive
sedimentary rock
C. Intrusive igneous rock
D. Extrusive igneous rock

10. Which of the following is an example of an igneous rock?

A. Coal B. Granite C. Limestone D.Sandstone

11. Which of the following represents the correct order of the processes responsible
for the formation of sedimentary rocks?
A. Compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion
B. Deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering
C. Erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition
D. Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

12. A student obtained a cup of quartz sand from a beach. A saltwater solution is
poured into the sand and is allowed to evaporate. Afterwards, the mineral residue
from salt water solution cemented the sand grains together. Which of the following
is most likely formed?
A. extrusive igneous rock
B. intrusive igneous rock
C. metamorphic rock
D. sedimentary rock

13. Which of the following is true about rocks?

A. Coal is not considered a rock.
B. Rocks do not contain minerals.
C. Most rocks are a mixture of minerals.
D. Rocks are composed of only one mineral.

14. What is the type of rock formed from lava that cools quickly that results
to finer grain and smaller size of crystals?
A. Extrusive igneous rock
B. Intrusive igneous rock
C. Metamorphic rock
D. Sedimentary rock

15. In which type of rock can fossils be found?

A. Extrusive igneous rock
B. Intrusive igneous rock
C. Metamorphic rock
D. Sedimentary rock

12
 Additional Activities

A. Complete the concept map using the words below.

Rocks can be classified on how they were formed

________________ ________________ ________________

Forms from cooling Formed from Rocks change due to
and solidification of compaction and temperature and
magma cementation pressure change

________________ ________________ ________________

Magma cools slowly Compacted sediments Heat
classified by size

________________ ________________ ________________

Lava cools quickly Evaporates, Pressure
precipitate, biological
matter

Metamorphic Clastic Contact metamorphism

Sedimentary Extrusive Regional Metamorphism

Non- Clastic Igneous Intrusive

13
 Additional Activities

B. Fill in the missing word/term to complete the rock cycle. You may refer to the
box below.

ROCK CYCLE

3.

Weathering,
erosion,
transport and 4.
deposition

2. 5.

Burial and
extreme heat

MAGMA

Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Heat and/or pressure

Minerals Metamorphism Thermal Expansion Intrusion/eruption

14
Answer Key

10O

R
G
A
N 9P

1C L 7A S T I C H
P 2C R Y S T A L L I Z A T I O N
H N
A 6E X T R U S I V E
N R 8C

E I O
T 3M E T A M O R P H I S M
I I P
C 4R O C K A
C
T
5P Y R O C L A S T IC
O
N

15
E M N I S T D A Y E R E M A I H T C P M E R
S E D I M E N T A R Y M E T A M O R P H I C
2 4

G E N O S U C O R I K C A S I L T C
I G N E O U S R O C K C L A S T I C S T R A T O
3 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6

16
References

Olivar II, J.S., Rodolfo, R.S. and Cabria, H.B. (2016) Exploring Life Through
Science Series: Earth Sence. Phoenix Publishing House

Religioso, T. F. and Vengco, L. G.(2016) You and the Natural World: Earth and Life
Science. Phoenix Publishing House

Thompson G.R. and Turk J. (2012).Introduction to Earth Science. Cengage

Learning Asia PTE Ltd.(Philippine Branch)

17
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