SECTION 6.

1 Rational Expressions and Functions; Multiplying and Dividing 393

FOR
6.1 Exercises EXTRA
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1. A rational number such as 4 is the quotient of two , with denominator not .
Math
2x 2
A expression such as is the quotient of two , with denominator
2x + 1
STUDY SKILLS REMINDER not .
We can learn from the
mistakes we make. Review P1x2
2. A function of the form ƒ1x2 = , where P1x2 and Q1x2 are polynomials and
Study Skill 9, Analyzing _
Your Test Results. Q1x2 ≠ , is a function. The domain includes all except any values
of x that make the (numerator / denominator) equal to 0.

Give the domain of each rational function using (a) set-builder notation and (b) interval nota-
tion. See Example 1.
x x 6x - 5
3. ƒ1x2 = 4. ƒ1x2 = 5. ƒ1x2 =
x-7 x+3 7x + 1

8x - 3 12x + 3 9x + 8

00
6. ƒ1x2 = 7. ƒ1x2 = 8. ƒ1x2 =
2x + 7 x x

3x + 1 2x + 4 x+2
9. ƒ1x2 = 10. ƒ1x2 = 11. ƒ1x2 =
2x2+x-6 3x2 + 11x - 42 14

x-9 2x2 - 3x + 4 9x2 - 8x + 3

12. ƒ1x2 = 13. ƒ1x2 = 14. ƒ1x2 =
26 3x2 + 8 4x2 + 1

Concept Check As review, multiply or divide the rational numbers as indicated. Write
answers in lowest terms.

15.
4 # 7
16.
5 # 12
17.
3
,
5
21 10 9 25 8 12

5 14 2 8 3 9
18. , 19. , 20. ,
6 15 3 9 8 14

Concept Check Answer each question.

x
21. Which rational expressions are equivalent to - y ?

-x x x x -x -x
A. B. C. D. - E. F. -
-y -y y -y y -y

22. Which rational expression can be simplified?

x2 + 2 x2 + 2 x2 + y 2 x2 - 5x
A. B. C. D.
x2 2 y2 x

x - 3
23. Which rational expression is not equivalent to 4 - x
?

3-x x+3 3-x x-3

A. B. C. - D. -
x-4 4+x 4-x x-4
24. Which two rational expressions are equivalent to -1?
2x + 3 2x - 3 2x + 3 2x + 3
A. B. C. D.
2x - 3 3 - 2x 3 + 2x -2x - 3
394 CHAPTER 6 Rational Expressions and Functions

x - 2 2x
25. Concept Check Consider the expressions 4
and 4
. Only one of these expressions is
not in lowest terms. Which one is it and why? Write it in lowest terms.
26. Concept Check Identify the two terms in the numerator and the two terms in the denom-
x 2 + 4x
inator of the rational expression x + 4
, and write it in lowest terms.

27. Concept Check A student was asked to 28. Concept Check A student was asked to
simplify the rational expression simplify the rational expression
2x + y a+b
4x + 2y a-b
x + y +1
and wrote the incorrect answer 4x + y
. and wrote the incorrect answer -1
.
WHAT WENT WRONG? What is the cor- WHAT WENT WRONG? What is the cor-
rect answer? rect answer?

Write each rational expression in lowest terms. See Example 2.

x21x + 12 y 31y - 42 1x + 421x - 32
29. 30. 31.
x1x + 12 y 21y - 42 1x + 521x + 42
12x + 721x - 12 4x1x + 32 5y 21 y + 82
32. 33. 34.
12x + 3212x + 72 8x21x - 32 15y1 y - 82
3x + 7 4x - 9 6m + 18
35. 36. 37.
3 4 7m + 21
5r - 20 3z2 + z 2x2 - 5x
38. 39. 40.
3r - 12 18z + 6 16x - 40
t2 - 9 m 2 - 25 2t + 6
41. 42. 43.
3t + 9 4 m - 20 t2 - 9
5s - 25 x2 + 2x - 15 y 2 - 5y - 14
44. 45. 46.
s2 - 25 x2 + 6x + 5 y2 + y - 2
8x2 - 10x - 3 12x2 - 4x - 5 a3 + b3

000
47. 48. 49.
8x2 - 6x - 9 8x2 - 6x - 5 a+b
r 3 - s3 2c2 + 2cd - 60d 2 3s2 - 9st - 54t 2
50. 51. 52.
r-s 2c2 - 12cd + 10d 2 3s2 - 6st - 72t 2
ac - ad + bc - bd 2xy + 2xw + y + w
53. 54.
ac - ad - bc + bd 2xy + y - 2xw - w

Write each rational expression in lowest terms. See Example 3.

7-b r - 13 x2 - y 2
55. 56. 57.
b-7 13 - r y-x
m2 - n2 x2 - 4 x2 - 81
58. 59. 60.
n-m 2-x 9-x
1a - 321x + y2 18 - p21x + 22 5k - 10
61. 62. 63.
13 - a21x - y2 1 p - 821x - 22 20 - 10k
7x - 21 a2 - b2 p2 + q2
64. 65. 66.
63 - 21x a2 + b2 p2 - q2
 SECTION 6.1 Rational Expressions and Functions; Multiplying and Dividing 395

Multiply or divide as indicated. See Examples 4 and 5.

1x + 221x + 12 1x + 321x + 42 1x + 321x - 62 1x + 521x - 42
67. # 68. #
1x + 321x - 22 1x + 221x + 12 1x - 421x + 22 1x + 321x - 62
12x + 321x - 42 1x - 421x + 22 16x + 521x - 32 12x + 721x + 92
69. , 70. ,
1x + 821x - 42 1x - 421x + 82 1x - 121x - 32 1x - 121x + 92

71.
4x # 14x + 7
72.
12x - 20 # 6
8x + 4 6 5x 9x - 15
p2 - 25
73. # 2
74.
a2 - 1 # 2
4p 5-p 4a 1-a
4k + 4 3y - 6
75. 17k + 72 , 76. 18y - 162 ,
5 10

77. 1z2 - 12 # 1
78. 1y 2 - 42 # 8
1-z 2-y
4 x - 20 2 x - 10 3x + 12 4x + 16
79. , 80. ,
5x 7x3 4x 6x2
m2 - 49 7 - m k2 - 4 2 - k
81. , 82. ,
m+1 m 3k 2 11k
12x - 10y 6x + 4y
83. # 84.
9s - 12t # 3s + 3t
3x + 2y 10y - 12x 2s + 2t 4t - 3s

85.
x2 - 25 # x2 + 7x + 12
86.
t 2 - 49 # t 2 + 8t + 15
x2 + x - 20 x2 - 2x - 15 t2 + 4t - 21 t 2 - 2t - 35
a 3 - b3 2 a - 2b x 3 + y3 x 2 - y2
87. , 88. ,
a2 - b2 2 a + 2b 2 x + 2y 2 x - 2y

89.
8 x3 - 27 # 2x + 6
90.
64 x 3 + 1 # 4 x + 20
2 x2 - 18 8 x2 + 12 x + 18 4 x2 - 100 64 x2 - 16 x + 4
p3 - 27q3 p2 - 2 pq - 24 q2
91.
a 3 - 8 b3 # a2 + ab - 12b2
92. #
a2 - ab - 6 b2 a2 + 2ab - 8b2 p2 + pq - 12q2 p2 - 5pq - 6q2
6 x2 + 5x - 6 4x2 - 12 x + 9 8a2 - 6a - 9 4a2 + 11a + 6
93. , 2 94. ,
12 x - 11x + 2 8x - 14 x + 3
2 6a2 - 5a - 6 9a2 + 12a + 4

Extending Skills Multiply or divide as indicated.

# 641m2n2 3

O
1-3mn2 2 241m2n22 4
95. ,
16m2n41mn22 3 13m2n32 2

1-4a2b32 2 # 91a2b42 2 1ab2 4

12a b 2 # 13a b2
96. ,
2 3 4 3 2 1a2b32 2

O
3k 2 + 17kp + 10p2 6k 2 + kp - 2p2
97. , 2
6k 2 + 13kp - 5p2 6k - 5kp + p2

16c2 + 24cd + 9d 2 16c2 - 9d 2

98. ,
16c2 - 16cd + 3d 2 16c2 - 24cd + 9d 2

o99. a
6k 2 - 13k - 5
, 3
2k - 5
b # k 2 - 5k + 6
k 2 + 7k k + 6k 2 - 7k 3k 2 - 8k - 3

100. a
2x3 + 3x2 - 2x
, 2
2x3 - x2
b # 5x2 - 10x
3x - 15 x - 3x - 10 3x2 + 12x + 12
 Kuta Software - Infinite Algebra 2 Name___________________________________

Adding/Subtracting Rational Expressions Date________________ Period____

Simplify each expression.

suits
u − v 6 u − 3v m − 3n m + 3n
1) + 2) −

O
3
8v 8v 6m n 6m 3 n

3) 2
5
+ 2
5a + 1
mineshaft In
4)
5
2
+ 2
n−6
a + 3a + 2 a + 3a + 2 10n + 16n + 6 10n + 16n + 6

tI satiation content
r+6 r+1 x+2 x+3
5) + 6) 2
− 2
3r − 6 3r − 6 2 x + 13 x + 20 2 x + 13 x + 20

6 5x x+5
7) − 8) 6 −
x−1 4 (7 x − 5)( x + 4)

3 4 3 7
9) + 10) 2
−
x+7 x−8 4 v + 4v 2

7 8 5 4n
11) − 12) +
3 12 x − 8 n + 5 2n + 6

2x 6x 2 8
13) + 14) 2
+
5x + 4 2x + 3 3 x + 12 x 2x

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