1

Using numbers

This chapter is going to show you:

• how to use number skills in real life
• how to use number in financial mathematics
• how to use a number line to compare negative
numbers, including decimals
• how to use the symbols < (less than) and > (greater than)
• how to use a number line to calculate with negative numbers
• how to add and subtract negative numbers
• how to multiply negative numbers by both positive
and negative numbers.

You should already know:

• how to write and read whole numbers, decimals and
fractions
• how to add and subtract positive numbers, decimals
and fractions
• multiplication tables up to 12 × 12
• how to use a calculator to do simple calculations.

About this chapter

If you travel east across the world you go forward in time!
If you travel west you go backwards. Because of the Earth’s
rotation the day starts at different times across the world.
So when it is 8 am in London it is 11 am (+ 3 hours) in
Moscow and 3 am (- 5 hours) in New York. If you fly to
one of them you can work out your arrival time by adding
the time taken by the flight to the positive or negative time
difference at your destination. Understanding negative
numbers is also important if you’re travelling to a destination
with sub-zero temperatures so you can pack the right clothes.
There are 24 time zones in the world. The World Clock
in Berlin, shown here, tells you what the time is in all of
them at any one moment!

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 1.1 Charts and financial mathematics
Learning objectives Key words
• To carry out calculations from information given in tables balance chart
and charts
credit debit
• To understand and use financial language

You use mathematics every day, often without realising it. When you work out times and distances,
read charts and spend and save money, you are using mathematical skills.

Charts
Maps often have charts attached to them, showing the distances between key places.

Example 1
The table shows the flight distances, in kilometres, between four cities.
a How many kilometres, in total, is it from Paris to Dubrovnik and back?
b How much further is it from Delhi to Glasgow than from Paris to Glasgow?

Delhi

Dubrovnik 5099

Paris 6580 1712

Glasgow 6885 2426 893

Delhi Dubrovnik Paris Glasgow

a The distance from Paris to Dubrovnik is 1712 km, so the return journey is 3424 km
in total.
b The distance from Delhi to Glasgow is 6885 km.
The distance from Paris to Glasgow is 893 km.
The distance from Delhi to Glasgow is 5992 km further. (6885 km - 893 km = 5992 km)

Delhi

Dubrovnik 5099

Paris 6580 1712

Glasgow 6885 2426

42 893

Delhi Dubrovnik Paris Glasgow

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 Planning and making purchases
Information about prices is often given in tables. This makes it easier to read.

Example 2
A park hires out bicycles. These are the prices.

Hire period Bicycle Tandem

2 hours   £7.50 adult £13.50
  £5.00 child
4 hours £12.50 adult £19.50
  £7.50 child
All day £15.00 adult £25.00
£10.00 child

a How much does it cost to hire bicycles for 4 hours for 1 adult and 2 children?
b How much more does it cost to hire two tandems for a whole day than for 2 hours?
a Total cost for 4 hours for 1 adult and 2 children is £12.50 + £7.50 + £7.50 = £27.50.
b One tandem costs £25.00 for a whole day but only £13.50 for 2 hours.
The difference is £25.00 - £13.50 = £11.50.
The cost for two tandems will be £11.50 × 2 = £23 more.

Bank statements
A bank statement gives you detailed information about your bank account. It shows details of money
that has been paid in or out of the account, and the amount of money remaining.
A debit is the amount paid out of an account.
A credit is the amount paid in to an account.
The balance is the amount of money remaining in the account.

Example 3
Here is a bank statement.
Statement number: 9 Account number 13579246
Date Details Debit (£) Credit (£) Balance (£)
31-01-2014 Opening balance 417.83
01-02-2014 Interest 15.41
03-02-2014 Cash withdrawal 180.00
05-02-2014 The music shop 9.79
26-02-2014 Salary 354.68
28-02-2014 Closing balance 598.13

a Copy the bank statement and complete the balance column.

b How much was paid out from the account in February?

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 a
Statement number: 9 Account number 13579246
Date Details Debit (£) Credit (£) Balance (£)
31-01-2014 Opening balance 417.83
01-02-2014 Interest  15.41 433.24
03-02-2014 Cash withdrawal 180.00 253.24
05-02-2014 The music shop   9.79 243.45
26-02-2014 Salary 354.68 598.13
28-02-2014 Closing balance 598.13
b £189.79 was paid out.

Example 4
Here are two readings from a gas meter.
January 2014 April 2014

014 April 2014

The readings give the number of metric units of gas that have been used.
Charges are based on kilowatt hours (kWh).
To convert metric units to kilowatt hours, multiply the number of units by 11.2.
The first 670 kWh are charged at 8.40p per kWh.
The remainder are charged at 5.00p per kWh.
a How many metric units of gas were used in the period from January to April?
b Work out the cost of the gas used.
a The number of units used is 24 569 - 24 401 = 168 metric units.
b 168 metric units = 168 × 11.2 kWh
= 1881.6 kWh
670 kWh at 8.40p = £56.28
1881.6 - 670 = 1211.6 kWh
1211.6 at 5.00p = £60.58
The cost of the gas used is £56.28 + £60.58 = £116.86.

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 Exercise 1A

FS 1 A TV and broadband package costs £23.50 a month for the first 6 months and then
£49.99 per month.
Work out the total cost for the first two years.
FS 2 Work out the total cost of this mobile phone contract over the length of the plan.
Include the cost of the phone in your total.

FS 3 a Copy this bank statement.

Then fill in the balance column.
Date Details Debit (£) Credit (£) Balance (£)
31-01-2014 Opening balance 326.25
01-02-2014 Interest 8.21
05-02-2014 Shirt shop 53.62
05-02-2014 The hungry cafe 16.88
05-02-2104 Birthday shop 22.79
26-02-2014 Paid in 228.54
28-02-2014 Closing balance

b How much was paid out on the 5 February?

c What is the difference between the opening and closing balances?

FS 4 Four friends agreed to deposit a fixed amount each month into their bank accounts.
Copy and complete the table.
Name Heather Iain Joanna Kenny
Opening bank balance £222.22 £194.63 £133.95 £96.80
Amount saved per month £17.50 £22.50 £30.00 £48.00
Amount saved in 12 months
Closing bank balance

Who had the most money at the end of 12 months?

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 PS 5 This chart shows the distances between four cities in England.

Manchester 184

Sheffield
49

145
168 Norwich
179

159

Bristol

a Copy and complete the mileage chart.

Bristol

Manchester

Norwich

Sheffield

Bristol Manchester Norwich Sheffield

PS 6 Work out the shortest route to visit all four cities. Start from Sheffield.

FS 7 These are two readings from an electricity meter. The units are given in kWh.

The first 150 kWh are charged at 20.8p per kWh.

The remainder are charged at 12.5p per kWh.
a How many kWh of electricity were used between January and April?
b Work out the cost of the electricity used.
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 FS 8 These are two readings from a gas meter.

The readings give the number of metric units used.

Hint To convert metric units to
The first 670 kWh are charged at 8.40p per kWh. kilowatt hours, multiply the
number of units by 11.2.
The remainder is charged at 5.00p per kWh.
a How many metric units of gas were used in the period from January to April?
b Work out the cost of the gas used.

Activity: Sending a parcel

Use an internet search to find the cheapest way to send a 15 kg
parcel from the United Kingdom to Poland. Assume the parcel is
30 cm long, 15 cm wide and 20 cm high.

1.2 Positive and negative numbers

Learning objectives Key words
• To use a number line to order positive and negative greater than less than
numbers, including decimals negative number positive number
• To understand and use the symbols < (less than) and >
(greater than) Temperature +26.5 °C
Look at the two pictures.
What are the differences between them?
Every number has a sign. Numbers greater than 0 are
called positive numbers. Although you do not always
write it, every positive number has a positive (+) sign in
front of it.
Temperature -13.0 °C
Numbers less than 0 are called negative numbers and must
always have a negative (-) sign in front of them.
The positions of positive and negative numbers can be
shown on a number line. The value of the numbers increases
as you move from left to right. For example, -5 is greater
than -10, 2 is greater than -5 and 8 is greater than 2.

–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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 You can use the number line to compare the sizes of positive and negative numbers. You can also use it
to solve problems involving addition and subtraction.

Example 5
Which number is greater, -7 or -3?

–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0
Because -3 is further to the right on the number line than −7 is, on the number line, it is the
larger number.
Notice that -3 is closer to zero than -7 is.

Example 6
Write these temperatures in order from lowest to highest.
8.5 °C, -2.4 °C, 10.1 °C, -7.0 °C, -3.5 °C, 4.8 °C

–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Putting these temperatures on a number line you can see the correct order.
-7.0 °C, -3.5 °C, -2.4 °C, 4.8 °C, 8.5 °C, 10.1 °C

The symbol > means greater than. The symbol < means less than.
To remember which symbol is less than, notice that < looks similar to the letter L.
For example:
-4 < 7 means ‘negative 4 is less than 7’.
-3 > -8 means ‘negative 3 is greater than negative 8’.

Example 7
State whether each statement is true or false.
a 6.5 > 8.1   b  -7.2 > -1.8  c  -3.4 > -3.8
Putting each of these pairs on the number line shows that:
a 6.5 > 8.1 is false
6.5 8.1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

b -7.2 > -1.8 is false

–7.2 –1.8

–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0

c -3.4 > -3.8 is true.

–3.8 –3.4

–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0

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 Exercise 1B

1 Write down the highest and lowest temperatures in each group.

a -4 °C, -2 °C, 0 °C b -8 °C, -15 °C, -10 °C c -20 °C, -19 °C, -15 °C

2 Work out the difference between the temperatures in each pair.

a -8 °C and 17 °C b -13 °C and -25 °C c 14 °C and -7 °C

3 On Monday the temperature at noon was 2 °C.

Over the next few days these temperature changes were recorded.
Monday to Tuesday down eight degrees
Tuesday to Wednesday up three degrees
Wednesday to Thursday down five degrees
Thursday to Friday up nine degrees

What was the temperature on Friday?

4 Put these numbers in order, from smallest to largest.

a 13, -8, 2, -7, 9 b -11, -7, 8, -12, -10 c 0, -4, -6, -11, 4
d 9, -13, 8, -9, -14 e -7, -9, -18, 10, -10 f 19, -8, 7, -17, 5

5 State whether each statement is true or false.

a 7.5 > 3.8 b 2.9 < 16.1 c 5.8 < -6.2 d -8.6 > -5
e -2.7 < -9.1 f –7.2 > 1.3 g –4.3 < –3.5 h –9.3 < 3

6 Copy each statement and put < or > into the to make it true.

a -5.3 4.2 b -7.8 -10.6 c 3.2 -3.5 d -12.6 -2.4

PS 7 Work out the number that is halfway between the numbers in each pair.

a b c
–17 2 –9 7 –23 –7

8 Put these temperatures in order, from highest to lowest.

15.5 °C, -4.6 °C, 15.8 °C, -4.9°C, -3.5 °C

9 Work out the differences between the temperatures in each pair.

a -4 °C and 6 °C b -2 °C and -4 °C c 7 °C and –8 °C

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 10 On one day in December the temperature was 2 °C in London and -4 °C in
Edinburgh.
How much lower was the temperature in Edinburgh than in London?

11 a Copy this bank statement.

Then fill in the balance column.
Date Details Debit (£) Credit (£) Balance (£)
31-01-2014 Opening balance 187.00
05-02-2014 Cash withdrawal 53.62
18-02-2014 Cash withdrawal 228.54
28-02-2014 Closing balance

b Explain why the closing balance is negative.

Challenge: Changing state

A The table shows the temperatures at which some substances change from being solids to
become liquids.
Fluid Temperature (°C)
Butane -138
Carbon dioxide -79
Castor oil -10
Chloroform -64
Ether -116
Glycerine -8
Linseed oil -20
Mercury -39
Nitrogen -210
Turpentine -59
Water, fresh 0
Water, sea -3

Copy the table and list the temperatures, in order of size.

Make sure that the highest temperature is at the top and the lowest is at the bottom.
B Which substances are liquid at -60 °C?
C Solid nitrogen melts at −210 °C.
How many degrees warmer does it need to be before solid carbon dioxide melts?

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 1.3 S imple arithmetic with negative
numbers
Key words
Learning objectives add brackets
• To carry out additions and subtractions involving
negative numbers
• To use a number line to calculate with negative numbers

You can use a number line to add and subtract positive and negative numbers.

Example 8
Use a number line to work out the answers.
a 5 - 13 b (-11) + 9 c  6 - 12 - 3
a Starting at zero and ‘jumping’ along the number line to 5 and then back 13 gives an
answer of -8.
–13

+5

–8 0 5
b Similarly, (-11) + 9 = -2
Notice that brackets are sometimes used so that the negative sign is not confused with a
subtraction sign.
+9

–11

–11 –2 0
c Using two steps this time, 6 -12 - 3 = -9
–3 –12

+6

–9 –6 0 6

Look at these patterns.

8 + 2 = 10 2 + 8 = 10
8 + 0 = 8 0 + 8 = 8
8 + (-2) = 6 (-2) + 8 = 6
8 + (-4) =  4 (-4) + 8 = 4

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 Notice that 8 + (-2) = 6 and (-2) + 8 = 6 have the same value as 8 - 2 = 6
and 8 + (-4) = 4 and (-4) + 8 = 4 have the same value as 8 - 4 = 4.
Adding a negative number gives the same result as subtracting the corresponding positive number.

Example 9
Work out the answers.
a 5 + (-3) b 20 + (-4) c (-5) + (-2)
a 5 + -3 = 5 - 3 b 20 + -4 = 20 - 4 c (-5) + (-2) = (-5) - 2
=2 = 16 = -7

Exercise 1C

1 Work out the answers.

a 8 - 19 b 4 - 13 c 12 - 15 d 13 + 19
e 21 - 13 f 34 - 34 g -11 + 21 h -9 - 12
i -17 - 13 j -16 + 8 k -12 - 14 l -18 + 6
m -32 - 23 + 24 n -17 + 21 - 32 o -23 + 14 - 27 p -102 + 103 - 95
2 Copy and complete these calculations.
a 16 + (-7) b 28 + (-13) c 26 + (-17) d 26 + (-15) e (-26) + (-27)
= 16 - 7 = 28 - 13 = 26 - = =
= = = = =
3 Use the number line below to work out the answers.
a 13 - 15 b 18 + (-12) c 4 + (-15) d 13 + (-3)
e (-12) + (-3) f 12 - 20 g (-14) + 20 h 0 - 15
i 12 + (-15) j (-8) + (-6) k 12 + (-12) l 15 + (-15)
m 14 + (-20) n 15 + (-25) o 0 + (-11) p (-11) + (-4)

–15 –14 –13 –12 –11 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

4 Work out the answers.

a 24 + (-15) b (-25) + (-30) c 70 - 98 d (-17) + (-28)
e 53 + (-17) f (-60) + 60 g 45 + (-60) h 124 - 242
i 113 + (-98) j (-140) + (-25) k 36 + (-55) l (-19) + (-29)
5 Work out the total of the numbers in each list.
a 15, −24, 17, −8, −19, 23 b −12, 20, 35, −38, −45, 20

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 6 In each magic square, all the rows, columns and diagonals add up to the same total.
Copy and complete the squares.
a b c
16 6 -24 0

0 -15 -9 -20

-16 -6 -16 -24

7 Alf has £124 in the bank. He writes a cheque for £135.

How much has he got in the bank now?

Problem solving: Magic squares

A In this 4 × 4 magic square, all of the rows, columns and diagonals add to -18.
Copy and complete the square.

-27 15

6 -12

18 -3

3 -15

B In this 4 × 4 magic square, all of the rows, columns and diagonals add to the same number.
Copy and complete the square.

0 -26 -6

-10

-14 -18 -20

-24 -30

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 1.4 Subtracting negative numbers
Learning objective Key word
• To carry out subtractions involving negative numbers subtract
Look at this pattern of numbers.
Notice that 8 - (-2) = 10 has the same value as 8-3= 5
8 + 2 = 10 8-2= 6
and 8 - (-3) = 11 has the same value as 8-1= 7
8 + 3 = 11. 8-0= 8
Subtracting a negative number is the same as adding 8 - (-1) = 9
a positive number. 8 - (-2) = 10
8 - (-3) = 11

Example 10
Work out the answers.
a 12 -(-15) b 23 -(-17)
a 12 -(-15) = 12 + 15 = 27 b 23 -(-17) = 23 + 17 =40

Exercise 1D

1 Copy and complete these calculations.

a 16 - (-12) b 13 - (-16) c 22 - (-18) d -24 - (-15) e (-16) - (-27)
= 16 + 12 = 13 + 16 = 22 + = =
= = = = =
2 Use the number line below to work out the answers.
a 13 - (-2) b 7 - (-8) c (-14) - (-9) d 6 - (-9)
e (-12) - (-8) f (-12) - (-10) g (-14) - (-20) h (-11) - (-19)
i 8 - (-5) j (-13) - (-6) k (-15) - (-8) l (-12) - (-6)
m (-15) - (-7) n (-14) - (-25) o 0 - (-11) p (-13) - (-7)

–15 –14 –13 –12 –11 –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

3 Work out the answers.

a 30 - (-18) b (-25) - (-25) c 32 - (-100) d (-17) - (-17)
e 29 - (-18) f 36 - (-36) g -21 - (-43) h -350 - (-290)
i 106 - (-78) j (-123) - (-78) k 36 - (-45) l (-18) - (-49)
4 Work out the answers.
a 27 + 16 - (-38) b (-42) - 31 - (-18)
c 340 - (-123) + (-91) d (-102) + 31 - (-50)

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 PS 5 Choose a number from each list and subtract one from the other. Repeat for at least
four pairs of numbers. What are the biggest and smallest answers you can find?
A 14 -17 -25 11 15
B -23 9 -18 8 -14

6 Copy and complete these calculations.

a 17 + =6 b 30 - = 12 c + (-15) = 18 d (-28) - = 14
7 Copy and complete these calculations, following the pattern each time.
a 9 + +5 = 14 b -7 - +2 = -9 c 16 - +8 = 8
9+0 =9 -7 - 0 = -7 12 - +4 = 8
9 + -5 = 4 -7 - -2 = -5 8-0 =8
9 + -10 = -7 - -4 = 4 - -4 =
9+ = -7 - = 0- =
9+ = -7 - = - =
8 Work out the answers.
a 13 - 12 b -24 - -13 c 17 - -26 d -71 + -3 e 37 - 13
f -29 - -15 g -16 + 16 h 26 - -9 i -9 + -9 j -11 + -18
k 15 - 17 l 47 - -25 m -24 - -32 + -41 n -13 +12 - - 24 o -103 + 75
9 These temperatures were recorded at an airport in January.
Copy and complete the table. Draw a number line to check your answers.
Wednesday

Thursday

Saturday
Monday

Tuesday
Sunday

Friday

Maximum temperature (°C) 8 5 −1 2 2 9

Minimum temperature (°C) −11 −6 −9 −8 −2
Difference (degrees) 19 8 14 6

10 A fish is 12 m below the surface of the water. A fish eagle is 17 m above the water.
How many metres must the bird descend to get the fish?

Challenge: Marking a test

A A test consists of 50 questions. A correct answer earns 3 marks, a wrong answer gets
-2 marks and -1 mark is given if an answer is not attempted.
Work out each pupil’s score.
a Eve gets 32 right, 10 wrong and did not attempt 8.
b Sophia gets 20 right, 20 wrong and did not attempt 10.
c Oliver gets 25 right and 25 wrong.
B Andrew scores 104 points. Can you work out how he did this?
A computer spreadsheet is useful for this activity.

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 1.5 Multiplying negative numbers
Learning objective Key words
• To carry out multiplications involving negative numbers multiply product

This diagram shows the result of multiplying both positive and negative numbers by a positive number.
In this example all numbers are multiplied by +2.
Number –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4

Multiplied by +2 –2  2 –1  2 02 12 22

Result –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4

This shows that:

•  multiplying a positive number by another positive number gives a positive number
•  multiplying a negative number by a positive number gives a negative number.
To summarise this:
(-) × (+) = (-) and (+) × (+) = (+)

Example 11
Work out the answers.
a -12 × 4   b  -7 × 3
a -12 × 4 = -48  b  -7 × 3 = -21

What happens if you multiply a number by a negative number?

This diagram shows positive and negative numbers multiplied by −2.

Number –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Multiplied by –2
3  –2 2  –2 1  –2 0  –2 –1  –2 –2  –2 –3  –2

Result –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

This shows that a positive number multiplied by a negative number gives a negative result, as in the
first diagram. Here it is just shown the other way round. But this diagram also shows that a negative
number multiplied by a negative number gives a positive number.
To summarise this:
(-) × (-) = (+) and (-) × (+) = (-)

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 To help you remember:
• When multiplying numbers with a different sign, the answer is negative.
• When multiplying numbers with the same sign, the answer is positive.

Example 12
Work out the answers.
a 8 × (-5) b -4 × -6
a 8 × (-5) = -40 b -4 × -6 = 24

Exercise 1E

1 Work out the answers.

a -2 × (-1) b -3 × (-4) c -6 × 7 d -1 × 2
e -4 × (-3) f 8 × (-2) g 5 × (-2) h -2 × (-6)
i -3 × 1 j -4 × 10 k -3 × (-3) l (-8) × (-9)
2 Work out the answers.
a -2 × -7 b -3 × -9 c -7 × 8 d -1 × 12
e -3 × -5 f 8 × -6 g 4 × -11 h -2 × -8
i -5 × 1 j -3 × 13 k -8 × -12 l -7 × -9
3 In each of the brick walls below, you need to work out the number to write in an
empty brick by multiplying the numbers in the two bricks below it. Copy and
complete each brick wall.
a b c
–4 –4 –4
4 4 –1
4 –1 –1
2 2 2 –3 –3 –3
4 4 5
4 5 5 –2 –2 –4
–2 –4 –4
3 3 3

PS 4 a Julie asked Chris to think of two numbers smaller than ten and tell her their product.

The product is –24.

There are four

different possible sets of
numbers that give that
product.

Write down the four possible pairs of numbers Chris could have been thinking of.

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 b Chris asked Julie to think of two numbers smaller than ten and tell him their
product.
Julie said: ‘The product is 12.’
Chris said that there were four different possible sets of numbers with that product.
Write down the four possible pairs of numbers Julie could have been thinking of.
5 Copy and complete the following multiplication grids.
a × 1 2 3 4 b × -1 -3 -5 -7
-5 -9
-6 -11
-7 -13
-8 -15
6 Work out the answers.
a 7 × -18 b 3 - 12 c 11 × -14 d 2 - -18 e -9 × 13 f -33 - 33
g -10 + 23 h -8 × -11 i -11 × -12 j -15 + 7 k -11 - 15 l -14 × 9
m -31 × -4 n -7 + 23 o -25 × 12 p -12 + 13 q -7 + 18 r -8 × -18
7 Write down the next three numbers in each number sequence.
a 1, -2, 4, -8, …, …, … b -1, -3, -9, -27, …, …, …
c -1, 5, -25, 125, …, …, … d 1, -4, 16, -64, …, …, …
PS 8 a In each brick wall, work out the number to write in an empty brick by multiplying
the numbers in the two bricks below it. Copy and complete each brick wall.
i ii

4 –2 –1 3 –2 1 –4 3

b Andy said: ‘You will always have a positive number at the top of the brick wall if
there are two negative numbers in the bottom layer.’
Is Andy correct? Explain your answer.
c What combination of positive and negative numbers do you need on the bottom
layer to end up with a negative number at the top?

Challenge: Number puzzle

A Choose any negative number from -1 to -12.
Subtract 9, then multiply by -2 and add the number you first thought of.
Now add together the digits of the final number.
What do you notice?
B Try this again with more numbers.

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 Ready to progress?
I can show my understanding of how the number line extends to include negative
numbers.
I can understand and use the inequality symbols < for less than and > for greater than.
I can use my understanding of negative numbers to solve simple real-life problems.
I can carry out addition and subtraction involving negative numbers.

I can carry out multiplications involving negative numbers.

Review questions
1 The keel (bottom) of a cruise ship is 7 m below the surface of the water. The deck is
27 m above the water.
What is the total height, from deck to keel?
PS 2 H
arry is on the 29th floor of a skyscraper. He goes up 18 floors and then down
23 floors. He wants to go to the 2nd floor.
How many floors does he need to go down now?
FS 3 a 
Alisha opens a bank account with a deposit of £400. In the next two weeks she
takes out £170, deposits £130 and takes out £120.
How much is in her account now?
b Next, Alisha deposits £60 and takes out £170.
How much is in her account now?
PS 4 Karen and Geza have parked their car on level -5 of the shopping centre car park.
They take the lift to the shops on level +6, then Karen realises she has left her purse in the car.
She goes back to the car to get it. Then she returns to the shops and meets Geza on level +4.
How many levels has Karen travelled through altogether?
5 This is a bank statement.
Statement number: 10 Account number 14628769
Date Details Debit (£) Credit (£) Balance (£)
31-01-2014 Opening balance 827.54
01-02-2014 Wage 252.71
03-02-2014 Cash withdrawal 130.00
05-02-2014 Transfer to savings account 250.00
08-02-2014 Wage 252.71
28-02-2014 Closing balance

24 1 Using numbers

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 a Copy the statement and complete the balance column.
b Explain the difference between a debit and a credit.

6 The Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean has a maximum depth of 10 911 metres below
sea level. The summit of Mount Everest is 8848 metres above sea level.
a How much higher than the base of the trench is the summit of Mount Everest?
PS b If Mount Everest was set in the deepest part of the trench, how far would its summit
be below sea level?

PS 7 I n a popular TV programme, each of two teams has to buy three items at an antiques
fair.
The items are sold at auction and the team that makes more money wins and keeps any
profit they make.
Copy and complete each team’s score sheet.
a Red team
Item Buying price (£) Selling price (£) Profit (£)
Silver dish  59 -18
Umbrella 47 +14
Toy car  45 55
Total 137

b Blue team
Item Buying price (£) Selling price (£) Profit (£)
Necklace 55 +17
Doll  49 85
Watch 110 -52
Total 197

c Which team won and by how much?

PS d Teams can go for a bonus buy, chosen by an expert.
The Red team bonus buy was bought for £33 and sold for £25.
The Blue team bonus buy was bought for £21 and sold for £29.
Copy and complete this table to show who would win in each case.
Red team without the Red team with the
bonus buy bonus buy
Blue team without the bonus buy
Blue team with the bonus buy

PS 8 Work out the answers.

a 5 × (-1) b -3 × 9 c -8 × -7 d -11 × 12
e -9 × (-7) f 8 × (-3) g 5 × (-12) h -12 × (-8)
i -23 × -1 j -14 × 100 k -30 × (-10) l (-8) × (-90)

Review questions 25

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 Problem solving
Where in the world?

A Where shall we go?

David and Hannah were discussing where they could go for their
honeymoon in the summer.
They were interested in the places listed in the table below.
They worked out the time difference from the UK for each one.
1 Which place is furthest behind the UK, in terms of time?
2 What is the time difference between Reykjavik and Amsterdam?
3 What is the time difference between San Francisco and New York?
4 What time will it be in Bangkok when it is 10:00 am in the UK?
5 What time is it in New Delhi when it is 6:00 pm in New York?

City Difference from UK time (hours)

Amsterdam +1

Bangkok +7

Hong Kong +8

New Delhi +5:30

New York –5

Reykjavik 0

San Francisco –8

Sydney +11

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 B How shall we get there?
The couple decided to go to Sydney, so they looked up some flight times and prices.
David and Hannah cannot get a direct flight from Heathrow to Sydney.
1 What is the difference in price between the most expensive flight and the cheapest flight
to Sydney?
2 They plan to leave Heathrow on 20 August.
What date and time would each flight get them into Sydney?
3 They need to arrive back into Heathrow on 3 September.
What date and times could they get a flight back?
4 They want to leave Heathrow on 20 August and be back in Heathrow on 3 September.
What combination of flights gives them:
a the longest time in Sydney
b the least time in Sydney?

Heathrow to Sydney Sydney to Heathrow

Approximate Approximate
Arrival Arrival
Fare (£) Departure journey time Departure journey time
(local time) (local time)
(hours) (hours)
830 21:00 10:00 26 09:30 15:30 41

890 16:00 18:00 39 10:50 05:50 30

1092 19:15 07:15 25 14:00 03:00 24

Problem solving 27

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